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Bashir AO, Hassan AA, Mahdi ELB, Adam GK, AlHabardi N, Adam I. The association between blood groups, Rhesus factors, body mass index and obesity among pregnant women at Gadarif Maternity Hospital, Eastern Sudan. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:801. [PMID: 37978459 PMCID: PMC10656889 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing evidence regarding the link between blood groups and obesity remains inconclusive, and there is a noticeable lack of data on the potential association between blood groups and obesity during pregnancy. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the association between blood groups, body mass index (BMI), and obesity among pregnant women receiving care at Gadarif Maternity Hospital in eastern Sudan. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in eastern Sudan during the period from April to September 2022. A questionnaire was employed to gather sociodemographic information from pregnant women. BMI was computed based on weight and height. Blood groups determinations were made using the agglutination method which is commonly used in the study's region. Multinominal and multiple linear regression analyses were performed, and adjusted for covariates in the regression models. RESULTS Eight hundred and thirty-three pregnant women were enrolled with a median (interquartile range, IQR) gestational age of 10.0 (9.3‒11.0) weeks. The median (IQR) BMI of the women was 26.3(24.2‒29.4) kg/m2. Of these women, 11(1.3%) were underweight, 268(32.2%) were of normal weight, 371(44.5%) were overweight, and 183(22.0%) were obese. One hundred eighty-three (22.0%) women had blood group A, 107 (12.8%) had blood group B, 56 (6.7%) had blood group AB, and 487(58.5%) had blood group O. While 798 (95.8%) of the women were Rhesus factor positive, only 35 (4.2%) were Rhesus factor negative. Multinominal regression showed that only urban residency (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 2.46, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.47‒4.13) was associated with overweight. Blood groups and Rhesus factors were not associated with overweight. Age (AOR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01‒1.11), urban residence (AOR = 2.46, 95%, CI = 1.47‒4.13), and blood group O (AOR = 1.60, 95%, CI = 1.06‒2.40), were associated with obesity. Rhesus factors were not associated with obesity. In the multiple linear regression, age (coefficient = 0.07, P = 0.028), gravidity (coefficient = 0.25, P = 0.014), urban residence (coefficient = 1.33, P = 0.001), and blood group O (coefficient = 0.68, P = 0.035) were associated with BMI. CONCLUSIONS Blood group O was associated with obesity and high BMI among pregnant women in eastern Sudan. Rhesus factors were not associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal O Bashir
- Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Umm Al Qura, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - E L Bagir Mahdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal K Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Nadiah AlHabardi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, 51911, Saudi Arabia.
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Fahim SM, Das S, Rasul MG, Zaman MU, Alam MA, Afrin S, Saqeeb KN, Hasan MM, Alam AFMM, Chowdhury M, Ahmed T. Nutritional status and dietary diversity of pregnant and nonpregnant reproductive-age Rohingya women. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5523-5531. [PMID: 37701197 PMCID: PMC10494628 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no data on the nutritional status and dietary diversity of the pregnant and nonpregnant reproductive-age Rohingya women who have recently shifted to the Bhasan Char Relocation Camp located on an island in the Bay of Bengal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in November-December, 2021 to assess the nutritional status and evaluate the dietary diversity of two vulnerable groups of the forcibly displaced Rohingya population: nonpregnant reproductive-age women and pregnant mothers. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify the factors associated with nutritional impairments. Overall, 7.6% of the nonpregnant reproductive-age women were underweight (Body Mass Index [BMI] < 18.5 kg/m2), and nearly one-third of them had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. However, 26.7% of the pregnant mothers were undernourished (BMI < 20.0 kg/m2) and almost one-fourth of them were either overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2). The prevalence of thinness (Mid Upper Arm Circumference [MUAC] < 23 cm) was 34.5% among pregnant mothers, and 10.1% of them were severely thin (MUAC < 21 cm). The mean (±SD) of the Women's Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) was 3.3 (±1.1) for nonpregnant reproductive-age women and 3.7 (±1.3) for pregnant mothers enrolled in this study. Overall, 63.8% of the nonpregnant women of childbearing age and 46% of the pregnant mothers had a low WDDS (WDDS < 4). The WDDS was found to be protective against thinness among nonpregnant reproductive-age women (AOR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.37, 0.93; p-value = .03) and low BMI in pregnant mothers (AOR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.55, 0.91; p-value = .01). The results of this survey will assist in early recognition of the nutritional demands, and act as a guide to planning nutrition-based programs among Rohingya reproductive-age women relocated to the Bhasan Char Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Mohammad Fahim
- Nutrition and Clinical Services DivisionInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
- Division of Nutritional SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Subhasish Das
- Nutrition and Clinical Services DivisionInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Golam Rasul
- Nutrition and Clinical Services DivisionInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Mahabub Uz Zaman
- Nutrition and Clinical Services DivisionInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Alam
- Nutrition and Clinical Services DivisionInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Sazia Afrin
- Nutrition and Clinical Services DivisionInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Kazi Nazmus Saqeeb
- Nutrition and Clinical Services DivisionInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services DivisionInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
- Office of the Executive Director, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, James P Grant School of Public HealthBRAC UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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Salih Y, Omar SM, AlHabardi N, Adam I. The Mid-Upper Arm Circumference as a Substitute for Body Mass Index in the Assessment of Nutritional Status among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1001. [PMID: 37374205 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
To compare mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) with body mass index (BMI) and propose MUAC cut-off points corresponding to BMIs of <18.5 kg/m2 (underweight) and ≥30.0 kg/m2 (obesity) for pregnant Sudanese women, a cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in the city of New Halfa, Sudan. Healthy pregnant women were recruited. Body parameters such as height, weight, and MUAC were measured. The MUAC (cm) cut-off values for underweight and obesity were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Of 688 pregnant women, 437 were in early pregnancy (<20 weeks of gestation) and 251 were in late pregnancy (≥20 weeks of gestation). There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and MUAC among women in both early pregnancy (r = 0.734) and late pregnancy (r = 0.703). The cut-off points of MUAC for detecting underweight and obesity were found to be 24.0 cm and 29.0 cm, respectively, for women in early pregnancy, with good predictive values. For women in late pregnancy, the cut-off points for detecting underweight and obesity were 23.0 cm and 28.0 cm, respectively. We concluded that for Sudanese pregnant women, the MUAC cut-off points identified in the study for diagnosing underweight and obesity are both sensitive and specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Salih
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Saeed M Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif 32211, Sudan
| | - Nadiah AlHabardi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
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Rayis DA, Karar A, Alshareef SA, Eltayeb R, Adam I. Early pregnancy serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 in overweight and obese women in Khartoum, Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2023; 117:128-131. [PMID: 36219396 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to assess serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 in overweight and obese pregnant women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at Saad Abualila Hospital, Sudan. Clinical data were collected through questionnaires and body mass index (BMI) was computed from weight and height. The serum folate and vitamin B12 levels were analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Of 300 enrolled women, 44.7% were of normal weight, 32.3% were overweight and 3.0% were obese. The folate level was significantly lower in overweight women (median 4.79 ng/ml [IQR 2.70‒7.70]) than in normal-weight women (median 6.650 ng/ml [IQR 3.30‒10.55]; p=0.022). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of marginal and severe folate deficiencies in women in different BMI groups. Compared with normal-weight women (median 197.5 pg/ml [IQR 150.0‒263.0]), obese women (median 173.0 pg/ml [IQR 150.0‒213.0]; p=0.038) had significantly lower vitamin B12 levels and had a higher prevalence of vitamin B12 insufficiency. Fair negative correlations (p<0.01) were observed between folate and BMI (r = -0.157) and between vitamin B12 and BMI (r = -0.173). CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obese pregnant Sudanese women had lower levels of serum folate and vitamin B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duria A Rayis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed Karar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Shimos A Alshareef
- Central laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education, PO Box 498, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Reem Eltayeb
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Hail 8227, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah 1386, Saudi Arabia
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Eltayeb RA, Khalifa AA. Impact of Maternal Body Mass Index on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Among Sudanese Women. Cureus 2021; 13:e18365. [PMID: 34725614 PMCID: PMC8555852 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Unhealthy weight has an adverse impact on a person’s general health, this is more serious for pregnant a woman as it can affect her baby as well. Nutrition is an important element of antenatal care. Nutrition must be optimum to avoid problems of being underweight, and that of overweight. This study aims to assess the impact of maternal body mass index on maternal and neonatal outcomes among Sudanese women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Saad Abu El Ella Hospital and Soba University Hospital in December 2017. The maternal weight and height were measured for 159 women to calculate BMI. The impact of maternal BMI on maternal and neonatal outcomes was tested using the chi-square test and logistic regression. P-value = or <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Fourty-two (26.4%) of studied women were of normal weight, two (1.3%) were underweight, 61 (38.4%) were overweight and 54 (33.9%) were obese. Increasing parity was associated with higher BMI, this was more significant among the obese group with an odds ratio of 3.1 (95% CI = 1.099-8.866, p=0.033). There was a relative increase in the risk of delivery by caesarean section among the obese group with an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% CI =1.079-2.737, p=0.023). No significant association between maternal BMI and preterm or post-term delivery was found. The incidence of macrosomia was more among overweight and obese mothers. There was no association found between maternal BMI and low birth weight, admission of the baby to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), or low Apgar score at 5 minutes. Conclusion: This study shows a high incidence of being overweight among Sudanese pregnant ladies. Increased risk of caesarean section as maternal BMI increases. Overweight and obese mothers are more likely to have macrosomic babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan A Eltayeb
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Khartoum University, Khartoum, SDN
| | - Amani A Khalifa
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Woman Wellness Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
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Abbas W, Adam I, Rayis DA, Hassan NG, Lutfi MF. Thyroid hormones profile among obese pregnant Sudanese women. J Clin Transl Res 2020; 6:14-19. [PMID: 33005815 PMCID: PMC7524270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies evaluating thyroid function among obese pregnant women failed to demonstrate a consistent pattern of thyroid hormones profile, probably due to the variations in biological/environmental determinants of thyroid function in different countries. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate thyroid hormones profile in Sudanese pregnant women with varying degrees of obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Obstetric/sociodemographic characteristics were gathered from 178 singleton pregnant Sudanese women using questionnaires. Weight and height were measured; body mass index (BMI) was calculated and categorized into four groups: Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. RESULTS Of the 178 enrolled women, 9 (5.1%), 52 (29.2%), 73 (41.0%), and 44 (24.7%) were underweight, normal BMI, overweight, and obese, respectively. FT3 level was significantly higher in obese women compared with normal BMI (P=0.004) as well as overweight women (P=0.015). Higher FT3 levels were significantly associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR]=9.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] =3.1-29.0, P<0.001). Lower levels of FT4 were significantly associated with overweight (OR=0.06, 95% CI=0.007-0.58, P=0.015) and obesity (OR=0.048, 95% CI=0.004-0.5, P=0.018). Based on linear regression analysis, BMI was positively associated with FT3 (4.7 pmol/l, P<0.001) and negatively associated with FT4 (-8.26 pmol/l, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS BMI correlates with FT3 differently compared to FT4. Pregnant women with higher BMI are likely to have higher levels of FT3, but lower FT4. In contrast, TSH levels were comparable in different BMI groups. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS Increased iodothyronine 5´deiodinase (5´D) activity associated with obesity may give an explanation for thyroid profile in those with higher BMI. High 5´ activity increases FT3 at the expense of FT4. Alternatively, high FT3 and low FT4 are expected to feedback differently on TSH, which explains the loss of positive correlation between BMI and TSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisal Abbas
- 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Duria A. Rayis
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada G. Hassan
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Lutfi
- 3Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,4Department of Physiology, Nile College of Medicine, Khartoum, Sudan,Corresponding author: Mohamed Faisal Lutfi Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia/Department of Physiology, Nile College of Medicine, Khartoum, Sudan. Tel.: +249912257731, +966507675335
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Omar SM, Taha Z, Hassan AA, Al-Wutayd O, Adam I. Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and central obesity among adults in the Eastern Sudan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232624. [PMID: 32353069 PMCID: PMC7192465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A global epidemic of obesity has been documented, particularly among African countries. While central obesity and overweight have been reported for many countries, very limited information exists about the prevalence of these health problems in Sudan, and these data are nonexistent for Eastern Sudan. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and central obesity, as well as the factors associated with both, among adults in Gadarif, Eastern Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gadarif, Eastern Sudan, during the period of January through May 2018. Sociodemographic and health characteristics data were collected through a questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were measured using the standard methods. Both descriptive and inferential statics were applied to analyze the data. Results A total of 594 adults participated in the study; 70.4% of them were female. The mean (standard deviation) age was 44.98 (16.64) years. Of the 594 enrolled participants, 33.7%, 7.4%, 26.8%, and 32.2% were normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese, respectively. The prevalence of central obesity was (67.8%). Approximately, one-third of the participants (29.29%) were obese and had central obesity. In the multinomial regression, being married was the main risk factor associated with overweight, and older age, female sex, being married and hypertension were significantly associated with obesity. In the binary regression, the main risk factors associated with central obesity were female sex and being married. Conclusion The prevalence rates of both obesity and central obesity among the study participants were high. Older age and hypertension were only associated with obesity. Obesity and central obesity were significantly associated with female sex and being married. This study provided valuable baseline information to develop appropriate strategies for the prevention and control of obesity in Eastern Sudan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M. Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Zainab Taha
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Osama Al-Wutayd
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
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Desyibelew HD, Dadi AF. Burden and determinants of malnutrition among pregnant women in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221712. [PMID: 31490956 PMCID: PMC6730925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition in pregnancy remains unacceptably high across all regions of Africa though promising progresses have been made globally. Primary studies might not be sufficient to portrait a comprehensive picture of malnutrition during pregnancy and its main risk factors. Therefore, we intended to review the burden of malnutrition, for this specific review implies to protein energy malnutrition, during pregnancy in Africa to present its magnitude and determinant factors. METHODS We did a systematic review of observational studies published from January 1/2008 to January 31/2018. The CINAHL(EBSCO), MEDLINE (via Ovid), Emcare, PubMed databases and Google scholar were searched. Articles quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and studies with fair to good quality were included. We pooled malnutrition prevalence and an odds ratio estimates for risk factors after checking for heterogeneity and publication bias. This review has been registered in Prospero with a protocol number CRD42018114949. RESULT 23 studies involving 20,672 pregnant women were included. Using a random effect model, the overall pooled prevalence of malnutrition among pregnant women in Africa was 23.5% (95%CI: 17.72-29.32; I2 = 98.5%). Based on the current review pooled odds ratio finding; rural residency (POR = 2.6%; 95%CI: 1.48-4.65; I2 = 0%), low educational status of partners (POR = 1.7%; 95%CI: 1.19-2.53; I2 = 54.8%), multiple pregnancy (POR = 2.15%; 95%CI: 1.27-3.64; I2 = 0%) and poor nutritional indicators (POR = 2.03%; 95%CI: 1.72-2.4, I2 = 0%) were positively determine maternal malnutrition. On contrary, better household economic status (POR = 0.47%; 95%CI: 0.36-0.62; I2 = 24.2%) negatively determine maternal malnutrition. CONCLUSION A significant number of the pregnant population in Africa are suffering of malnutrition, above 10% of the standard acceptable malnutrition rate. Thus, efforts should be renewed to ensure a proper and widespread implementation of programs that would address issues identified in the current review to reduce the burden of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Demelash Desyibelew
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Fekadu Dadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, School of Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
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Mahmoud SZ, Saad AA, Mohieldein AH, Nasr AM, Adam I. Serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and obesity among early pregnant women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:2338-2342. [PMID: 31487758 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D level in obese pregnant Sudanese women in early pregnancy. METHODS A match case-control study was conducted in Saad Abualila Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan). The cases were obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 ) women. Controls were women with normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2 ) matched for age, parity and gestational age. The 25(OH)D level was measured using ELISA. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the two groups in their age, parity or gestational age. There was no significant difference in the median (interquartile) level of the serum (25(OH)D between obese pregnant women and normal weight pregnant women (3.05 [11.100-15.937] ng/ml vs 13.05 [10.950-17.362] ng/ml, P = 0.237). There was no significant correlation between BMI and 25(OH)D level (r = -0.133, P = 0.149). CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in the 25(OH)D level between the obese pregnant women and normal weight pregnant women in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Z Mahmoud
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Alfarazdeg A Saad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Taibah, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abubakr M Nasr
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Adam I, Kheiri S, Sharif ME, Ahmed ABA, Rayis DA. Anaemia is associated with an increased risk for caesarean delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 147:202-205. [PMID: 31420866 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between anemia and cesarean delivery. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in Saad Abu-Alela Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan from March 1 to November 30, 2107. The cases were women who had cesarean delivery; women who delivered vaginally were the controls. Obstetrics history was gathered using a questionnaire. RESULTS There was no significant difference in age, parity, residence, job, education, and newborn gender between women who delivered by cesarean (n=130) and women who delivered vaginally (n=260). While mean (SD) of the body mass index (29.3 (5.4) kg/m2 vs 26.3 (5.6) kg/m2 , P<0.001) was significantly higher, hemoglobin level (103.0 (8.0) g/L vs 107.0 (8.0) g/L, P=0.001) was significantly lower in women who delivered by cesarean compared with women who delivered vaginally. In logistic regression analyses, age, gravidity, occupation, education, history of miscarriage, and newborn gender were not associated with cesarean delivery; overweight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-4.26), obesity (AOR 7.17, 95% CI 3.64-14.13) and anemia (AOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.47-4. 11) were associated with cesarean delivery. CONCLUSION The significant association between anemia and cesarean delivery has important implications for the prevention and treatment of anemia among these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sumeya Kheiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Bahria University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Manal E Sharif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel B A Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Duria A Rayis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Ali EA, Almugabil A, Salim A, Rayis DA, Adam I. The effect of interpregnancy interval on obesity/overweight among women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017; 138:320-324. [PMID: 28555840 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of interpregnancy interval (IPI) on obesity/overweight among pregnant Sudanese women in early pregnancy. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at Saad Abu-Alela Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, from January to December 2015. Women with a singleton pregnancy and at least one previous pregnancy were enrolled in the first trimester. A questionnaire was used to collect clinical and sociodemographic data from the participants, and current body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. RESULTS Among 1045 participants, 344 (32.9%), 424 (40.6%), and 277 (26.5%) women had short (<18 months), normal (18-30 months), and long IPIs (>30 months), respectively. BMI indicated 18 (1.7%), 408 (39.0%), 381 (36.5%), and 238 (22.8%) women were underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), and obese (≥30.0), respectively. Age and proportion using contraceptives were increased among women with long IPI (both P<0.001). When compared with women of normal weight, overweight women and obese women were more likely to have a long IPI (odds ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.08-2.93; and 1.71, 1.05-2.94, respectively). CONCLUSION Long IPI was associated with obesity and overweight, which were prevalent among pregnant Sudanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elrazi A Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Ala Salim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Duria A Rayis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Abbas W, Adam I, Rayis DA, Hassan NG, Lutfi MF. Higher Rate of Iron Deficiency in Obese Pregnant Sudanese Women. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:285-289. [PMID: 28698743 PMCID: PMC5503723 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the association between obesity and iron deficiency (ID). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pregnant women were recruited from Saad Abualila Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, during January–April 2015. Medical history (age, parity, gestational age) was gathered using questionnaire. Weight and height were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Women were sub-grouped based on BMI into underweight (< 18.5 kg/m^2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m^2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m^2) and obese (≥ 30 kg/m^2). Serum ferritin and red blood indices were measured in all studied women. RESULTS: Two (0.5%), 126 (29.8%), 224 (53.0%) and 71 (16.8%) out of the 423 women were underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese, respectively. Anemia (Hb <11 g/dl), ID (ferritin <15µg/l) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were prevalent in 57.7%, 21.3% and 12.1%, respectively. Compared with the women with normal BMI, significantly fewer obese women were anemic [25 (35.2%) vs. 108 (85.7%), P < 0.001] and significantly higher number of obese women [25 (35.2) vs. 22 (17.5, P = 0.015] had iron deficiency. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant negative association between serum ferritin and BMI (– 0.010 µg/, P= 0.006). CONCLUSION: It is evident from the current findings that prevalence of anaemia and ID showed different trends about BMI of pregnant women
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisal Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Duria A Rayis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nada G Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
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High level of hemoglobin, white blood cells and obesity among Sudanese women in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO182. [PMID: 28670473 PMCID: PMC5481852 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the association between obesity and anemia/hemoglobin levels. Material & methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Khartoum, Sudan. Obstetric data were collected from 388 pregnant women at mean (standard deviation) of 10.5 (3.1) weeks of gestation using questionnaires. Weight and height were determined, and BMI was calculated. Results: There were 15 (4.4%), 95 (28.1%), 127 (37.6) and 101 (29.9%) women who were underweight, normal weight, (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2), respectively. Hemoglobin levels and white blood cell counts were significantly higher in obese than nonobese groups. Compared with normal BMI, overweight and obesity were associated with higher hemoglobin level. Conclusion: Obese women had higher white blood cell count and hemoglobin level. Obesity during pregnancy has many maternal and perinatal adverse effects. The current study was conducted to investigate the association between obesity, hemoglobin level and white blood cell count among pregnant Sudanese women in their early pregnancy. Around a third of the 388 women were obese. Hemoglobin level and white blood cells count were significantly higher in obese than nonobese women. Further studies are needed to fully understand the implications of this relationship.
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Khomami MB, Tehrani FR, Hashemi S, Farahmand M, Azizi F. Of PCOS symptoms, hirsutism has the most significant impact on the quality of life of Iranian women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123608. [PMID: 25874409 PMCID: PMC4398498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder affecting women both physically and psychologically and can lead to a poor quality of life compared to their normal counterparts. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of various clinical features of polycystic ovary syndrome on the health-related quality of life of Iranian women diagnosed with this syndrome. Materials and Methods A total of 796 women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, aged 15–49 years, completed the questionnaires, interviews, and medical assessments required for this study. A reliable and validated Persian version of the health-related quality of life questionnaire for polycystic ovary syndrome patients was used. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome and health-related quality of life. Results The mean age of participants was 28.02 years. 35.4% of the subjects were classified as overweight or obese. Hirsutism, was reported to have the strongest impact on the patients’ health-related quality of life, followed in descending order by body mass index, irregular menses and infertility. The relative level of hirsutism was directly proportional to decrease in health-related quality of life score (p<0.001). Conclusions The results of the study found that hirsutism had the strongest impact on the health-related quality of life measures in Iranian women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome. Health care officials need to evaluate in depth the effect of each clinical feature of polycystic ovary syndrome separately and design management strategies, keeping in mind the psychological and physical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Bahri Khomami
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh, Yaman Street, Velenjak, P.O.Box:19395–4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh, Yaman Street, Velenjak, P.O.Box:19395–4763, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Somayeh Hashemi
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh, Yaman Street, Velenjak, P.O.Box:19395–4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmand
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh, Yaman Street, Velenjak, P.O.Box:19395–4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh, Yaman Street, Velenjak, P.O.Box:19395–4763, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of pregnant women in Colombia and the associations between gestational BMI and sociodemographic and gestational characteristics.DesignCross-sectional study. A secondary analysis was made of data from the 2005 Demographic and Health Survey of Colombia.SettingBogotá, Colombia.SubjectsPregnant adolescents aged 13–19 years (n 430) and pregnant women aged 20–49 years (n 1272).ResultsThe gestational BMI and sociodemographic characteristics of the adolescents differed from those of the pregnant adult women. Thirty-one per cent of the adolescents were underweight for gestational age, compared with 14·5 % of the adult women. Eighteen per cent of adolescents were overweight for gestational age, in contrast to 37·3 % of adult women. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 44·7 % and the prevalence of low serum ferritin was 38·8 %. Women within the high quintiles of the wealth index (prevalence odds ratio (POR) = 0·56; 95 % CI 0·34, 0·91, P < 0·02) had lower odds of being underweight. Women who received prenatal care (POR = 2·17; 95 % CI 1·48, 3·09, P < 0·001) and were multiparous (POR = 2·10; 95 % CI 1·43, 3·15, P < 0·0 0 1) had higher odds of being overweight. Women in extended families (POR = 0·63; 95 % CI 0·50, 0·95, P < 0·025) had lower odds of being overweight.ConclusionsUnderweight in pregnant adolescents and overweight in adult women coexist as a double burden in Colombia. Factors associated with malnutrition among pregnant women and adolescents should be considered for future interventions in countries experiencing nutritional transition.
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Obesity and pregnancy outcome in Khartoum, Sudan. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2011; 113:160-1. [PMID: 21397227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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