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Epidemiological profile, spatial patterns and priority areas for surveillance and control of leishmaniasis in Brazilian border strip, 2009–2017. Acta Trop 2023; 237:106704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Santini MS, Cavia R, Quintana MG, Acosta MM, Salomón OD. Abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani, the Leishmania spp. vectors in northeastern of Argentina: Are spatial and temporal changing patterns consistence? Vet Anim Sci 2022; 18:100268. [PMID: 36147513 PMCID: PMC9485211 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial distribution of the species was the same in both periods. The seasonal pattern of abundance changes between periods. -The study defines the "where" and "when" to implement mitigation actions.
Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani were incriminated as vectors of Leishmania sp. Spatial heterogeneity together with seasonal changes in abundance constitute important elements for the understanding of the dynamics of vector populations, and there are fundamental for the development of adequate prevention and control strategies. The aim of this work was to compare the spatial and seasonal abundance of Lu. longipalpis and Ny. whitmani at a city spatial scale between two periods separated by three years. To study the spatial distribution, we compared the abundance distribution of these species at two warm times, 2011 with 2014. Respect to inter-annual seasonal abundance changes, we compared the four seasons of the year between two periods (2011–2012 vs 2014–2016). The spatial distribution for both species were found to be distributed mainly in the same areas of the city in both periods. We change for: Respect to the seasonal pattern of abundance, we observed that seasonal patterns showed changes between periods. Our study defines the ‘where’ and ‘when’ implement the actions to mitigate leishmaniasis cases.
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Mohammadbeigi A, Khazaei S, Heidari H, Asgarian A, Arsangjang S, Saghafipour A, Mohammadsalehi N, Ansari H. An investigation of the effects of environmental and ecologic factors on cutaneous leishmaniasis in the old world: a systematic review study. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:117-128. [PMID: 32892182 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leishmaniasis is a neglected and widespread parasitic disease that can lead to serious health problems. The current review study aimed to synthesize the relationship between ecologic and environmental factors (e.g., weather conditions, climatology, temperature and topology) and the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the Old World. CONTENT A systematic review was conducted based on English, and Persian articles published from 2015 to 2020 in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Keywords used to search articles were leishmaniasis, environmental factors, weather condition, soil, temperature, land cover, ecologic* and topogr*. All articles were selected and assessed for eligibility according to the titles or abstracts. The quality screening process of articles was carried out by two independent authors. The selected articles were checked according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK A total of 827 relevant records in 2015-2020 were searched and after evaluating the articles, 23 articles met the eligibility criteria; finally, 14 full-text articles were included in the systematic review. Two different categories of ecologic/environmental factors (weather conditions, temperature, rainfall/precipitation and humidity) and land characteristics (land cover, slope, elevation and altitude, earthquake and cattle sheds) were the most important factors associated with CL incidence. CONCLUSIONS Temperature and rainfall play an important role in the seasonal cycle of CL as many CL cases occurred in arid and semiarid areas in the Old World. Moreover, given the findings of this study regarding the effect of weather conditions on CL, it can be concluded that designing an early warning system is necessary to predict the incidence of CL based on different weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Heidari
- Department of Occupational Health, Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Azadeh Asgarian
- Izadi Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Shahram Arsangjang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abedin Saghafipour
- Department of Public Health, Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Ansari
- Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Quintana MG, Santini MS, Cavia R, Martínez MF, Liotta DJ, Fernández MS, Pérez AA, Mancini JMD, Moya SL, Giuliani MG, Salomón OD. Multiscale environmental determinants of Leishmania vectors in the urban-rural context. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:502. [PMID: 33008441 PMCID: PMC7532651 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In South America, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are emerging diseases, expanding in the border area of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Outbreaks of CL were reported since the 1990s, with Nyssomyia whitmani as the main vector in this region. Regarding VL, urban reports started in 2010 with Lutzomyia longipalpis as the main vector. The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental determinants related to the main vectors of leishmaniasis, to contribute to the prevention and control response to the emergence of VL and CL in the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay border region. Methods The cross-sectional survey includes two cities and two close rural areas in the Argentinean Northeast Region, between November 2014 and January 2015, with a total of 95 sampling sites. REDILA-BL traps were set for three consecutive nights, and a total of 68 meso- and microscale environmental and landscape characteristics were surveyed. The association between vector abundance with different variables was evaluated using a generalized linear model with zero-inflated negative binomial distribution. We analyzed females for detection of Leishmania DNA. Results The analysis for Lu. longipalpis indicates an excess of absences when the mean NDWI around the sites were higher. The abundance of Lu. longipalpis at mesoscale level was higher when more urban services were present, and when blood sources such as chickens or dogs at the microscale level were present. For Ny. whitmani, no variable was found to be associated with the absences, while its abundance increased in association with the following variables: percentage of tree cover, presence of garbage collection service, hosted people and, at microscale, the presence of poultry. Leshmania infantum DNA was detected in 2/49 (4%) Lu. longipalpis. Conclusions The abundance of both species is influenced by variables at different scales, their influence probably has a hierarchy and they are acting on different aspects of the biology of these vectors. The urban spatial segregation of Lu. longipalpis and the peri-urban and rural segregation of N. whitmani increase the risk of VL and CL. The selection of the better variables for each scale will allow the design of appropriate control strategies depending on species.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Quintana
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina. .,Instituto Superior de Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Soledad Santini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Regino Cavia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Florencia Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Domingo Javier Liotta
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Fernández
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Grupo de Bioestadística Aplicada, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Alicia Pérez
- Grupo de Bioestadística Aplicada, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Manuel Direni Mancini
- Instituto Superior de Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Lorian Moya
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magalí Gabriela Giuliani
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Daniel Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (REDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Berrozpe PE, Lamattina D, Santini MS, Araujo AV, Torrusio SE, Salomón OD. Spatiotemporal dynamics of Lutzomyia longipalpis and macro-habitat characterization using satellite images in a leishmaniasis-endemic city in Argentina. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 33:89-98. [PMID: 30198066 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal population dynamics of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae) were evaluated in a city in Argentina in which visceral leishmaniasis is endemic. Over 14 sampling sessions, 5244 specimens of five species of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) were captured, of which 2458 (46.87%) specimens were L. longipalpis. Generalized linear models were constructed to evaluate the associations between L. longipalpis abundance and explanatory variables derived from satellite images. The spatial variable 'stratum' and the temporal variable 'season' were also included in the models. Three variables were found to have significant associations: the normalized difference vegetation index; land surface temperature, and low urban coverage. The last two of these were associated with L. longipalpis abundance only during summer and winter, respectively. This variation between seasons supports the development of models that include temporal variables because models of distributions of the abundance of a species may show different critical variables according to the climatic period of the year. Abundance decreased gradually towards the downtown area, which suggests that L. longipalpis responds to a meta-population structure, in which rural-periurban source populations that persist over time may colonize adjacent areas. This information allows for a spatiotemporal stratification of risk, which provides public health authorities with a valuable tool to help optimize prevention measures against visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Berrozpe
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Ciudad Autõnoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Lamattina
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - M S Santini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Ciudad Autõnoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Ciudad Autõma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A V Araujo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes Capital, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - S E Torrusio
- Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Ciudad Autõnoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O D Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Ciudad Autõnoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ribeiro da Silva RC, Guimarães E Silva AS, da Silva Sousa SS, Bezerra JMT, Macário Rebêlo JM, Pinheiro VCS. Occurrence of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Urban Leishmaniasis Transmission Foci in North-Eastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:247-253. [PMID: 30380076 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed species composition, richness, and monthly and seasonal abundance of sand flies in an urban area, municipality Caxias, state Maranhão, endemic for American visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. Sand flies were caught using Center for Disease Control (CDC) light traps in peridomicile (animal shelter) and extradomicile (forest) environments twice a month for 1 yr. A total of 16,332 specimens belonging to 20 species were captured. The predominant species identified in this study were Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) (Lutz and Neiva 1912) (43.08%) and Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae) (Antunes and Coutinho 1939) (43.02%), which occurred throughout the year (every month). The highest abundance of phlebotomine was recorded during the dry season (53.75%) and in the urban peridomicile environment (59.1%), wherein 17 species were found. In the study area, L. longipalpis and L. whitmani are reported to be effective visceral or tegumentary leishmaniasis vectors, respectively, due to their abundance throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cristina Ribeiro da Silva
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (LABEM-UEMA), Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (LEV-UFMA), Avenida dos Portugueses, Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Antonia Suely Guimarães E Silva
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (LABEM-UEMA), Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Sêmilly Suélen da Silva Sousa
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (LABEM-UEMA), Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria Trindade Bezerra
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia das Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (LEV-UFMA), Avenida dos Portugueses, Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (LABEM-UEMA), Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
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7
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Oliveira AM, López RVM, Dibo MR, Rodas LAC, Guirado MM, Chiaravalloti-Neto F. Dispersion of Lutzomyia longipalpis and expansion of visceral leishmaniasis in São Paulo State, Brazil: identification of associated factors through survival analysis. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:503. [PMID: 30201037 PMCID: PMC6131759 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious public health problem because of its magnitude, geographical expansion and potential harms caused by illnesses, including death. However, VL is largely ignored in discussions of tropical disease priorities. Thus, this study aimed to identify factors associated with the expansion of VL and the dispersion of its vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, in the municipalities of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods Information about the date of vector detection and the confirmation of autochthonous VL occurrence in humans and canines in São Paulo were obtained between 1997 and 2014. Survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier and the Cox multiple regression models was used. Results The presence of the Marechal Rondon highway showed the highest positive association with vector dispersion and canine and human VL expansion. The monthly maximum and minimum temperature averages recorded in the municipalities during the study period were also positively associated with these events. The presence of transverse highways was positively associated with the presence of the vector; the border with the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, the presence of a prison, microregion headquarters, and the presence of the Tietê River were positively associated with the occurrence of canine cases, while only the presence of prison was positively associated with the occurrence of human cases. The construction of the Bolivia-Brazil gas pipeline was not associated with any events. Conclusions Survival analysis enabled the identification of factors associated with vector dispersion and VL expansion, thus the results of this study may be useful to the improvement of VL surveillance and control activities in the State of São Paulo and throughout Brazil. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3084-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agda M Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rossana V M López
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margareth R Dibo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian A C Rodas
- Regional Service 9. Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marluci M Guirado
- Laboratory of Vectors of São José do Rio Preto, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Chiaravalloti-Neto
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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de Sousa Ferreira T, Timbó RV, Minuzzi-Souza TTC, de Almeida Rocha D, Neiva M, de Albuquerque Ribeiro J, de Almeida PS, Hecht M, Nitz N, Gurgel-Gonçalves R. High molecular prevalence of Leishmania in phlebotomine sand flies fed on chicken blood in Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2018; 259:80-84. [PMID: 30056989 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are endemic in Brazil, where Leishmania infantum has been detected in humans, dogs, cats, and phlebotomine vectors. Monitoring synanthropic vector populations is critical for leishmaniasis control-surveillance in such transmission-prone areas. Here, a suite of molecular approaches were used to assess Leishmania infection prevalence and to identify blood-meal sources in a large sample of sand flies collected in anthropic environments of a Leishmania-transmission area in Mato Grosso do Sul State (Rio Verde de Mato Grosso municipality), Central-West Brazil. We sampled sand flies monthly (January-June 2014 and 2016) in one peri-domestic site within each of six neighborhoods with recent records of human visceral and/or tegumentary leishmaniasis. kDNA-qPCR plus rDNA ITS-sequencing were used to detect and identify Leishmania in pooled female sand flies. Individual engorged females (n = 58) were used for blood-meal analyses through High-Resolution Melting (HRM) targeting the mtDNA cytb gene. Overall, 90.5% of 420 CDC trap-nights yielded vectors, for a total catch of 24,989 sand flies. We sub-sampled and identified 3088 sand flies of 12 species, including 2775 Lutzomyia longipalpis (the most abundant species at all sampling sites) and 297 Nyssomyia whitmani. Female sand flies (n = 1261) were grouped in 159 pools, of which 92 Lu. longipalpis (minimum infection rate [MIR] 8%) and 7 Ny. whitmani pools (MIR 7%) were Leishmania kDNA-positive. Most positive Lu. longipalpis were collected in the 2016 rainy season. Sequencing confirmed L. infantum in Lu. longipalpis samples. HRM analyses identified chicken DNA in 57 sand flies (98.3%), 37 of which were Leishmania DNA-positive (64.9%); human blood was found in just one (Leishmania-negative) female. Our data show ongoing risk of L. infantum transmission to humans in the study area, where Leishmania-infected sandfly vectors are common and heavily rely on chicken blood in the peri-domestic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauana de Sousa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Renata Velôzo Timbó
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Thaís T C Minuzzi-Souza
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Douglas de Almeida Rocha
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana Neiva
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Joana de Albuquerque Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Paulo Silva de Almeida
- Laboratório Regional de Entomologia, Núcleo Regional de Saúde da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Hecht
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nadjar Nitz
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil.
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9
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Santini MS, Fernández MS, Cavia R, Salomón OD. Co-occurrence and seasonal and environmental distributions of the sandflies Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani in the city of Puerto Iguazú, northeastern Argentina. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 32:197-205. [PMID: 29178206 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the distribution of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidade) abundance in time and space in an area in northeastern Argentina with vector transmission of visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. For this, 51 households were selected using a 'worst scenario' criterion where one light trap was set during two consecutive nights in peridomiciles in the transitions between the four seasons, and the environment was surveyed simultaneously. The relationships of phlebotomine assemblage structure and the most abundant species with seasonality and environmental variables were evaluated using a canonical correspondence analysis and generalized linear mixed models, respectively. A total of 5110 individuals were captured. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) and Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) were the most abundant species captured in all samplings (98.3% of the total capture). The period of highest abundance of Lu. longipalpis was early autumn, and it was distributed in the most urbanized areas. Nyssomyia whitmani occupied mainly the less urbanized areas, showing peaks of abundance in early spring and summer. Other species were captured in low numbers and showed seasonal-spatial variations similar to those of Ny. whitmani. We confirmed Leishmania spp. vector persistence throughout the year in spatial patches of high abundance even during the less favorable season.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Santini
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias (CeNDIE), ANLIS, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (ReDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M S Fernández
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (ReDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, FCEN, UBA e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Cavia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, FCEN, UBA e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O D Salomón
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (ReDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
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10
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Berrozpe P, Lamattina D, Santini MS, Araujo AV, Utgés ME, Salomón OD. Environmental suitability for Lutzomyia longipalpis in a subtropical city with a recently established visceral leishmaniasis transmission cycle, Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:674-680. [PMID: 28953995 PMCID: PMC5607516 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an endemic disease in northeastern Argentina including the Corrientes province, where the presence of the vector and canine cases of VL were recently confirmed in December 2008. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the modelling of micro- and macro-habitat variables to evaluate the urban environmental suitability for the spatial distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis presence and abundance in an urban scenario. METHODS Sampling of 45 sites distributed throughout Corrientes city (Argentina) was carried out using REDILA-BL minilight traps in December 2013. The sampled specimens were identified according to methods described by Galati (2003). The analysis of variables derived from the processing of satellite images (macro-habitat variables) and from the entomological sampling and surveys (micro-habitat variables) was performed using the statistical software R. Three generalised linear models were constructed composed of micro- and macro-habitat variables to explain the spatial distribution of the abundance of Lu. longipalpis and one composed of micro-habitat variables to explain the occurrence of the vector. FINDINGS A total of 609 phlebotominae belonging to five species were collected, of which 56% were Lu. longipalpis. In addition, the presence of Nyssomyia neivai and Migonemya migonei, which are vectors of tegumentary leishmaniasis, were also documented and represented 34.81% and 6.74% of the collections, respectively. The explanatory variable normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) described the abundance distribution, whereas the presence of farmyard animals was important for explaining both the abundance and the occurrence of the vector. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The results contribute to the identification of variables that can be used to establish priority areas for entomological surveillance and provide an efficient transfer tool for the control and prevention of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Berrozpe
- Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.,Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Red de Investigación de la Leishmaniasis en Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Lamattina
- Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Santini
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias, Administración de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Red de Investigación de la Leishmaniasis en Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Vanesa Araujo
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura, Corrientes, Argentina.,Red de Investigación de la Leishmaniasis en Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Utgés
- Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias, Administración de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Red de Investigación de la Leishmaniasis en Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Daniel Salomón
- Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.,Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Red de Investigación de la Leishmaniasis en Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Figueiredo ABF, Werneck GL, Cruz MDSPE, Silva JPD, Almeida ASD. Uso e cobertura do solo e prevalência de leishmaniose visceral canina em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil: uma abordagem utilizando sensoriamento remoto orbital. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2017; 33:e00093516. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00093516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo: Este estudo examina a associação entre uso e cobertura do solo e a ocorrência de leishmaniose visceral (LV) canina. Estudo caso-controle em que casos foram residências com cães soropositivos para LV canina e controles, as residências com cães soronegativos. Utilizaram-se imagens de sensoriamento remoto (CBERS: 2/CCD e 2B/HRC) para descrever o uso e cobertura do solo em quadrículas de 625m2 na região do estudo. A chance da LV canina foi duas vezes maior em domicílios localizados em quadrículas com área ≤ 25m2 coberta por estruturas residenciais com pouca vegetação em comparação com aquelas em que essa cobertura alcançou ≥ 600m2. Domicílios localizados em quadrículas com até metade da área coberta por estruturas residenciais com muita vegetação tiveram chances 65% menores de LV canina em comparação com aquelas situadas em áreas quase totalmente cobertas por essa característica. Como a infecção canina costuma preceder a ocorrência de casos humanos, a identificação de características de uso e cobertura do solo associadas à LV canina pode contribuir para a delimitação de áreas de risco para LV humana.
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12
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Gómez-Bravo A, German A, Abril M, Scavuzzo M, Salomón OD. Spatial population dynamics and temporal analysis of the distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the city of Clorinda, Formosa, Argentina. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:352. [PMID: 28743283 PMCID: PMC5526293 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector for the causal agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), has extended its distribution in the southern cone in the Americas. The first urban record of Lu. longipalpis in Argentina was from the City of Clorinda in 2004. The aim of this study was to analyse the monthly distribution and abundance of Lu. longipalpis and to evaluate its association with environmental and climatic variables in Clorinda City, Province of Formosa. METHODS Phlebotominae sampling was performed using CDC light mini-traps that were placed in different sites of the city between January 2012 and December 2013. Environmental variables including the normalised difference vegetation index, normalized difference water index, land surface temperature and precipitation were evaluated using a spatiotemporal model. RESULTS A total of 4996 phlebotomine sandflies were captured during the study period, and eight species were reported: Lu. longipalpis, Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia whitmani, Ny. neivai, Brumptomyia guimaraesi, Evandromyia cortelezzii/sallesi, Psathyromyia bigeniculata and Expapillata firmatoi. This is the first urban record of Ex. firmatoi in Argentina. Lutzomyia longipalpis was the most abundant species between 2012 and 2013, and it appeared in all the sampled sites. Moreover, the model applied showed that ground humidity and temperature were significantly associated with the abundance of Lu. longipalpis. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal approach at city scale allows for modelling that explains more than 60% of the temporal variability of the abundance of Lu. longipalpis based exclusively on satellite obtained data. The results support the hypothesis of steady 'hot spots' of abundance with time, while other sites could change its abundance due to eventual microenvironment changes. The Lu. longipalpis abundance driving factors are breeding site-related variables, highlighting the importance both for modelling and surveillance to use lag data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gómez-Bravo
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Paraguay 1535, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alba German
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Paraguay 1535, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales “Mario Gulich”, Centro Espacial Teófilo Tabanera, Ruta Provincial C45 a 8 Km, Falda de Cañete, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Abril
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Paraguay 1535, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Scavuzzo
- Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales “Mario Gulich”, Centro Espacial Teófilo Tabanera, Ruta Provincial C45 a 8 Km, Falda de Cañete, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Oscar D. Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Neuquén y Jujuy, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Rosário ING, Andrade AJD, Ligeiro R, Ishak R, Silva IM. Evaluating the Adaptation Process of Sandfly Fauna to Anthropized Environments in a Leishmaniasis Transmission Area in the Brazilian Amazon. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:450-459. [PMID: 28011727 PMCID: PMC5850517 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) are vectors of several etiological agents of human and animal diseases, including protozoans of the gender Leishmania. Precarious socioeconomic conditions and uncontrolled population growth directly influence the transmission risk of parasites and the urbanization of vector species, previously restricted to wild environments. The Marajó Archipelago is considered a high incidence area of leishmaniasis in the Brazilian Amazon. However, it is poorly studied. The aim of this study was to assess the adaptation processes of phlebotomine species to anthropized environments in this region. For this purpose, the phlebotomine fauna was compared between three municipalities of the Marajó Archipelago: Anajás, Portel, and São Sebastião da Boa Vista. To survey the phlebotomine fauna, CDC (Center for Disease Control) light traps were installed in the wild areas and in the intra and peridomiciliary areas of rural and urban environments. The environments studied presented a diversified phlebotomine fauna, with higher richness in the wild environment (15 species), followed by the rural (seven species), and finally, the urban environment (three species). A migration of wild fauna to the adjacent anthropized areas (rural environment) and to urban areas was observed, evidencing the adaptation process of this vector to anthropized environments in the studied region. Thus, our study evidenced that the disorganized human occupation and utilization of the landscape might cause the invasion of urban areas by wild populations of phlebotomines, in this way enabling the settlement of urban leishmaniasis transmission cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid N G Rosário
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil (; )
| | - Andrey J de Andrade
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PR, Brasil
| | - Raphael Ligeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Ishak
- Laboratório de Virologia, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Ivoneide M Silva
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil (; )
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14
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Sevá ADP, Mao L, Galvis-Ovallos F, Tucker Lima JM, Valle D. Risk analysis and prediction of visceral leishmaniasis dispersion in São Paulo State, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005353. [PMID: 28166251 PMCID: PMC5313239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important neglected disease caused by a protozoan parasite, and represents a serious public health problem in many parts of the world. It is zoonotic in Europe and Latin America, where infected dogs constitute the main domestic reservoir for the parasite and play a key role in VL transmission to humans. In Brazil this disease is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum chagasi, and is transmitted by the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Despite programs aimed at eliminating infection sources, the disease continues to spread throughout the Country. VL in São Paulo State, Brazil, first appeared in the northwestern region, spreading in a southeasterly direction over time. We integrate data on the VL vector, infected dogs and infected human dispersion from 1999 to 2013 through an innovative spatial temporal Bayesian model in conjunction with geographic information system. This model is used to infer the drivers of the invasion process and predict the future progression of VL through the State. We found that vector dispersion was influenced by vector presence in nearby municipalities at the previous time step, proximity to the Bolívia-Brazil gas pipeline, and high temperatures (i.e., annual average between 20 and 23°C). Key factors affecting infected dog dispersion included proximity to the Marechal Rondon Highway, high temperatures, and presence of the competent vector within the same municipality. Finally, vector presence, presence of infected dogs, and rainfall (approx. 270 to 540mm/year) drove the dispersion of human VL cases. Surprisingly, economic factors exhibited no noticeable influence on disease dispersion. Based on these drivers and stochastic simulations, we identified which municipalities are most likely to be invaded by vectors and infected hosts in the future. Prioritizing prevention and control strategies within the identified municipalities may help halt the spread of VL while reducing monitoring costs. Our results contribute important knowledge to public and animal health policy planning, and suggest that prevention and control strategies should focus on vector control and on blocking contact between vectors and hosts in the priority areas identified to be at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaiá da Paixão Sevá
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liang Mao
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Fredy Galvis-Ovallos
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joanna Marie Tucker Lima
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Denis Valle
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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15
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Falcão de Oliveira E, Casaril AE, Fernandes WS, Ravanelli MDS, de Medeiros MJ, Gamarra RM, Paranhos Filho AC, Oshiro ET, de Oliveira AG, Galati EAB. Monthly Distribution of Phlebotomine Sand Flies, and Biotic and Abiotic Factors Related to Their Abundance, in an Urban Area to Which Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Endemic in Corumbá, Brazil. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165155. [PMID: 27783667 PMCID: PMC5082668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The monthly distribution and abundance of sand flies are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the seasonal distribution of sand flies and the relation between their abundance and environmental parameters, including vegetation and climate. This study was conducted over a 2-year period (April 2012 to March 2014). Monthly distribution was evaluated through the weekly deployment of CDC light traps in the peridomicile area of 5 residences in an urban area of the municipality of Corumbá in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Meteorological data were obtained from the Mato Grosso do Sul Center for Weather, Climate, and Water Resources. The spectral indices were calculated based on spatial resolution images (GeoEye) and the percentage of vegetal coverage. Differences in the abundance of sand flies among the collection sites were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the strength of correlations between environmental variables was determined by calculating Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Lutzomyia cruzi, Lu. forattinii, and Evandromyia corumbaensis were the most frequently found species. Although no significant association was found among these sand fly species and the tested environmental variables (vegetation and climate), high population peaks were found during the rainy season, whereas low peaks were observed in the dry season. The monthly distribution of sand flies was primarily determined by Lu. cruzi, which accounted for 93.94% of the specimens collected each month throughout the experimental period. The fact that sand flies were detected year-round indicates a continuous risk of infection to humans, demonstrating the need for targeted management and education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Falcão de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Estatística, Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brasil
- * E-mail: (EFO); (EABG)
| | - Aline Etelvina Casaril
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Wagner Souza Fernandes
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | | | - Márcio José de Medeiros
- Departamento de Estatística, Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brasil
| | - Roberto Macedo Gamarra
- Laboratório de Geoprocessamento para Aplicações Ambientais, Faculdade de Engenharias, Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Geografia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Antônio Conceição Paranhos Filho
- Laboratório de Geoprocessamento para Aplicações Ambientais, Faculdade de Engenharias, Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Geografia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Elisa Teruya Oshiro
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- * E-mail: (EFO); (EABG)
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16
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Detection and quantification of Leishmania infantum in naturally and experimentally infected animal samples. Vet Parasitol 2016; 226:57-64. [PMID: 27514885 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is one of the causative agents of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). VL is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and can be fatal if it is not properly treated. Although several PCR works are intended to detect L. infantum, in silico analysis of available primers and/or primer-probes reveals potential cross species amplification. Here, a TaqMan-based quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) assay was developed for specific detection and quantitation of L. infantum in tissue samples from experimentally or naturally infected animals, mice or dogs, respectively. For this assay, primers and probes were designed for the kinetoplast minicircle DNA of L. infantum. The qPCR assay achieved a detection limit of 0.01pg of parasite DNA, and allowed specific amplification of L. infantum in both asymptomatic and symptomatic naturally infected dogs with inter-assay variation coefficients between 0.05-0.11. There was no cross amplification with dog DNA or with L. braziliensis, L. donovani, L. major, L. tropica or Trypanosoma cruzi. In addition, our assay detected a significantly higher parasite load in symptomatic than in the asymptomatic animals (p<0.0001). We believe this approach will be a valuable tool for the specific detection of L. infantum in regions of sympatric transmission of VL-causing parasites.
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Lyra MR, Pimentel MIF, Madeira MDF, Antonio LDF, Lyra JPDM, Fagundes A, Schubach ADO. FIRST REPORT OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS CAUSED BY Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi IN AN URBAN AREA OF RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 57:451-4. [PMID: 26603237 PMCID: PMC4660459 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000500016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, and transmitted by sandflies. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, almost all of the cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) are caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, while cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. The resurgence of autochthonous VL cases in Rio de Janeiro is related to the geographic expansion of the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis and its ability to adapt to urban areas. We report the first case of leishmaniasis with exclusively cutaneous manifestations caused by L. (L.) infantum chagasi in an urban area of Rio de Janeiro. An eighty-one-year-old woman presented three pleomorphic skin lesions that were not associated with systemic symptoms or visceromegalies. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis identified L. (L.) infantum chagasi, but direct smear and PCR of bone narrow were negative for Leishmania sp. (suggesting exclusively cutaneous involvement). We discuss the different dermatological presentations of viscerotropic leishmaniasis of the New and Old World, and the clinical and epidemiological importance of the case. Etiologic diagnosis of ATL based upon exclusive clinical criteria may lead to incorrect conclusions. We should be aware of the constant changes in epidemiological patterns related to leishmaniases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Rosandiski Lyra
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Maria de Fátima Madeira
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | | | - Aline Fagundes
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Salomón OD, Feliciangeli MD, Quintana MG, Afonso MMDS, Rangel EF. Lutzomyia longipalpis urbanisation and control. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:831-46. [PMID: 26517497 PMCID: PMC4660613 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the description of Lutzomyia longipalpis by Lutz and Neiva
more than 100 years ago, much has been written in the scientific literature about
this phlebotomine species. Soares and Turco (2003) and Lainson and Rangel (2005) have
written extensive reviews focused on vector-host-parasite interactions and American
visceral leishmaniasis ecology. However, during the last two decades, the success of
Lu. longipalpis in colonising urban environments and its
simultaneous geographical spreading have led to new theoretical and operational
questions. Therefore, this review updates the general information about this species
and notes the more challenging topics regarding the new scenario of
urbanisation-spreading and its control in America. Here, we summarise the literature
on these issues and the remaining unsolved questions, which pose recommendations for
operational research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Dora Feliciangeli
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Flebótomos y Otros Vectores, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Santini MS, Utgés ME, Berrozpe P, Manteca Acosta M, Casas N, Heuer P, Salomón OD. Lutzomyia longipalpis Presence and Abundance Distribution at Different Micro-spatial Scales in an Urban Scenario. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003951. [PMID: 26274318 PMCID: PMC4537120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal objective of this study was to assess a modeling approach to Lu. longipalpis distribution in an urban scenario, discriminating micro-scale landscape variables at microhabitat and macrohabitat scales and the presence from the abundance of the vector. For this objective, we studied vectors and domestic reservoirs and evaluated different environmental variables simultaneously, so we constructed a set of 13 models to account for micro-habitats, macro-habitats and mixed-habitats. We captured a total of 853 sandflies, of which 98.35% were Lu. longipalpis. We sampled a total of 197 dogs; 177 of which were associated with households where insects were sampled. Positive rK39 dogs represented 16.75% of the total, of which 47% were asymptomatic. Distance to the border of the city and high to medium density vegetation cover ended to be the explanatory variables, all positive, for the presence of sandflies in the city. All variables in the abundance model ended to be explanatory, trees around the trap, distance to the stream and its quadratic, being the last one the only one with negative coefficient indicating that the maximum abundance was associated with medium values of distance to the stream. The spatial distribution of dogs infected with L. infantum showed a heterogeneous pattern throughout the city; however, we could not confirm an association of the distribution with the variables assessed. In relation to Lu. longipalpis distribution, the strategy to discriminate the micro-spatial scales at which the environmental variables were recorded allowed us to associate presence with macrohabitat variables and abundance with microhabitat and macrohabitat variables. Based on the variables associated with Lu. longipalpis, the model will be validated in other cities and environmental surveillance, and control interventions will be proposed and evaluated in the microscale level and integrated with socio-cultural approaches and programmatic and village (mesoscale) strategies. Visceral leishmaniasis in America is caused by an unicellular organism, Leishmania infantum (syn. chagasi) that is transmitted by insects belonging to Diptera:Phlebotominae, Lutzomyia longipalpis being the principal vector in urban areas. Therefore, the prevention and control of this vector is a sound objective, so as to reduce the probability of contact human-vector and reducing the probability of infection. Therefore, knowing the variables that have an impact and the spatial scale at which these act will allow us to approach an understanding of the dynamic population of the vector and allow us to develop more appropriate strategies of control. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess a modeling approach to Lu. longipalpis distribution in an urban scenario, discriminating micro-scale landscape variables at microhabitat and macrohabitat scales. For this, we worked in Santo Tomé, Corrientes, Argentina. We observed that the presence of Lu. longipalpis is defined only by the macrohabitat variables tested, but the abundance is defined by variables of both scales, microhabitat and macrohabitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Santini
- Centro Nacional de Investigación en Endemo-epidemias (CeNDIE), ANLIS, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Comité Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (ReDILA)
- * E-mail:
| | - María Eugenia Utgés
- Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (ReDILA)
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pablo Berrozpe
- Comité Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (ReDILA)
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mariana Manteca Acosta
- Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (ReDILA)
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Natalia Casas
- Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (ReDILA)
- Programa Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Zoonóticas (ProNCEZ), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Heuer
- Laboratorio de Control de Vectores Entomológicos de Importancia Sanitaria (LaCVEIS) Fundación H. A. Barceló, sede Santo Tomé, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - O. Daniel Salomón
- Comité Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (ReDILA)
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
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An Integrated Approach Using Spatial Analysis to Study the Risk Factors for Leishmaniasis in Area of Recent Transmission. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:621854. [PMID: 26229961 PMCID: PMC4502282 DOI: 10.1155/2015/621854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Some epidemiological aspects of leishmaniasis in the municipality of Formiga, Brazil, an important touristic site, were evaluated. Those included phlebotomine sand fly vectors, canine infection, and geoprocessing analysis for determining critical transmission areas. Sand flies (224 insects) belonging to ten different species were captured. The most captured species included Lutzomyia longipalpis (35.3%), Lutzomyia cortelezzii (33.5%), and Lutzomyia whitmani (18.3%). A significant correlation between sand fly densities and climatic conditions was detected. Serological diagnosis (DPP and ELISA) was performed in 570 dogs indicating a prevalence of 5.8%. After sequencing the main species circulating in the area were Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis. Spatial analysis demonstrated that vegetation and hydrography may be related to sand fly distribution and infected dogs. The municipality of Formiga has proven leishmaniasis vectors and infected dogs indicating the circulation of the parasite in the city. Correlation of those data with environmental and human cases has identified the critical areas for control interventions (south, northeast, and northwest). In conclusion, there is current transmission of visceral and canine human cases and the city is on the risk for the appearance of cutaneous cases.
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Teixeira-Neto RG, da Silva ES, Nascimento RA, Belo VS, de Oliveira CDL, Pinheiro LC, Gontijo CMF. Canine visceral leishmaniasis in an urban setting of Southeastern Brazil: an ecological study involving spatial analysis. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:485. [PMID: 25326767 PMCID: PMC4209036 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The physical characteristics of the environment influence the composition, distribution and behavior of the vectors and mammalian hosts involved in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), thereby affecting the epidemiology of the disease. In Brazil, urbanization of human VL is a recent phenomenon and represents an issue of particular concern to local health authorities. The present study aimed to establish the degree of spatial dependency between canine and human VL in the municipality of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to identify priority risk areas in which stricter control measures should be implemented. Methods The selected canine population comprised 3,652 dogs distributed within 11 strata and 1,247 urban blocks. Serum samples were collected between March 2013 and February 2014. Serodiagnosis of dogs was performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the indirect fluorescent-antibody test. The blocks sampled for canine VL and the addresses of the 16 confirmed cases of human VL notified in Divinópolis during the period 2007–2013 were georeferenced. Spatial analysis of the data was performed using Kernel density estimation, Ripley’s bivariate K-function and directional distribution methods. Results The overall prevalence of seropositive animals was 4.63% (range 3.95 - 5.31) (n =169) and varied in different strata between 0.9 (range 0.0 - 1.91) and 8.73% (range 5.65 - 11.81). A positive spatial dependency was detected between human and canine VL in which the occurrence of human cases of the disease tended to concentrate in locations that were close to areas with a higher incidence of canine VL. The priority risk area could be clearly distinguished from Kernel density estimation and standard deviational ellipse plots in which the human VL ellipse was totally enclosed within the canine VL ellipse. Conclusions The results presented herein will enable the Municipal Health Office of Divinópolis to devise a more effective management plan for human VL in which specific strategies would be applied to areas presenting different levels of risk. This spatial evaluation of leishmaniasis model could be applied in other urban areas of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gonçalves Teixeira-Neto
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Dona Lindu, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Chanadour, 35501-296, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Sérgio da Silva
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Dona Lindu, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Chanadour, 35501-296, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renata Aparecida Nascimento
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Dona Lindu, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Chanadour, 35501-296, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius Silva Belo
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, FIOCRUZ, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Rua Israel Pinheiro 2000, 35020-220, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia di Lorenzo de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Dona Lindu, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Chanadour, 35501-296, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Cavalari Pinheiro
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Célia Maria Ferreira Gontijo
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Casaril AE, Monaco NZN, de Oliveira EF, Eguchi GU, Paranhos Filho AC, Pereira LE, Oshiro ET, Galati EAB, Mateus NLF, de Oliveira AG. Spatiotemporal analysis of sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis at Pantanal, central South America. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:364. [PMID: 25128480 PMCID: PMC4261527 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental changes caused by urbanization can cause alterations in the ecology and behavior of sandflies and in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis. Geotechnological tools allow the analysis and recognition of spatiotemporal patterns by monitoring and mapping risk areas of this vector-borne disease. This study aims to describe the sandfly fauna in the municipality of Corumbá and to compare it with the data described in a three-year period from 1984 to 1986 by Galati. A further aim was to analyze the influence of environmental changes on the composition of the fauna. METHODS Captures were conducted weekly from April 2012 to March 2013, in intra and peridomicile areas with automatic light traps, from 6:00 pm to 6:00 am. The following indices were calculated for both periods analyzed: Standardized Index of Species Abundance (SISA), Shannon's diversity index (H) and Pielou's index (J). The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was extracted from a remote sensing LANDSAT-5 image. RESULTS In total, 7,370 specimens (6,169 males and 1,201 females) were collected, distributed among 12 species. Lutzomyia cruzi was the most frequent species (93,79%) and the first in the ranking of standardized species abundance index in both studies. The dominance of the species Lu. cruzi in the neighborhoods of Maria Leite and Centro was demonstrated by the low equitability index. The neighborhood of Cristo Redentor had the greatest diversity of sandflies in the present study and the second greatest in the study performed by Galati et al. (Rev Saúde Pública 31:378-390, 1997). Analyzing the satellite images and the NDVI from 1984 and 2010, the largest amount of dense vegetation was found in the neighborhood of Cristo Redentor. CONCLUSIONS It was, therefore, possible to show how changes caused due to urbanization have affected the density and distribution of Lu. cruzi and other species over time. Moreover, the data suggest that different populations of sandflies adapt in different ways according to environmental conditions and the adaptation does not necessarily depends on the presence of high vegetation cover.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira
- Post Graduate Program in Infectious and Parasitary Diseases, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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