1
|
Cheng LT, Tan GYT, Chang FP, Wang CK, Chou YC, Hsu PH, Hwang-Verslues WW. Core clock gene BMAL1 and RNA-binding protein MEX3A collaboratively regulate Lgr5 expression in intestinal crypt cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17597. [PMID: 37845346 PMCID: PMC10579233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is highly regenerative. Rapidly proliferating LGR5+ crypt base columnar (CBC) cells are responsible for epithelial turnover needed to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Upon tissue damage, loss of LGR5+ CBCs can be compensated by activation of quiescent +4 intestinal stem cells (ISCs) or early progenitor cells to restore intestinal regeneration. LGR5+ CBC self-renewal and ISC conversion to LGR5+ cells are regulated by external signals originating from the ISC niche. In contrast, little is known about intrinsic regulatory mechanisms critical for maintenance of LGR5+ CBC homeostasis. We found that LGR5 expression in intestinal crypt cells is controlled by the circadian core clock gene BMAL1 and the BMAL1-regulated RNA-binding protein MEX3A. BMAL1 directly activated transcription of Mex3a. MEX3A in turn bound to and stabilized Lgr5 mRNA. Bmal1 depletion reduced Mex3a and Lgr5 expression and led to increased ferroptosis, which consequently decreased LGR5+ CBC numbers and increased the number of crypt cells expressing +4 ISC marker BMI1. Together, these findings reveal a BMAL1-centered intrinsic regulatory pathway that maintains LGR5 expression in the crypt cells and suggest a potential mechanism contributing to ISC homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tzu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Grace Y T Tan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Pei Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kai Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wendy W Hwang-Verslues
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amidfar M, Garcez ML, Kim YK. The shared molecular mechanisms underlying aging of the brain, major depressive disorder, and Alzheimer's disease: The role of circadian rhythm disturbances. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 123:110721. [PMID: 36702452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An association with circadian clock function and pathophysiology of aging, major depressive disorder (MDD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well established and has been proposed as a factor in the development of these diseases. Depression and changes in circadian rhythm have been increasingly suggested as the two primary overlapping and interpenetrating changes that occur with aging. The relationship between AD and depression in late life is not completely understood and probably is complex. Patients with major depression or AD suffer from disturbed sleep/wake cycles and altered rhythms in daily activities. Although classical monoaminergic hypotheses are traditionally proposed to explain the pathophysiology of MDD, several clinical and preclinical studies have reported a strong association between circadian rhythm and mood regulation. In addition, a large body of evidence supports an association between disruption of circadian rhythm and AD. Some clock genes are dysregulated in rodent models of depression. If aging, AD, and MDD share a common biological basis in pathophysiology, common therapeutic tools could be investigated for their prevention and treatment. Nitro-oxidative stress (NOS), for example, plays a fundamental role in aging, as well as in the pathogenesis of AD and MDD and is associated with circadian clock disturbances. Thus, development of therapeutic possibilities with these NOS-related conditions is advisable. This review describes recent findings that link disrupted circadian clocks to aging, MDD, and AD and summarizes the experimental evidence that supports connections between the circadian clock and molecular pathologic factors as shared common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying aging, AD, and MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Amidfar
- Department of Neuroscience, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Z, Chen G. Insights about circadian clock in glioma: From molecular pathways to therapeutic drugs. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1930-1941. [PMID: 36066207 PMCID: PMC9627379 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is characterized as the most aggressive brain tumor that occurred in the central nervous system. The circadian rhythm is an essential cyclic change system generated by the endogenous circadian clock. Current studies found that the circadian clock affects glioma pathophysiology. It is still controversial whether the circadian rhythm disruption is a cause or an effect of tumorigenesis. This review discussed the association between cell cycle and circadian clock and provided a prominent molecular theoretical basis for tumor therapy. We illustrated the external factors affecting the circadian clock including thermodynamics, hypoxia, post-translation, and microRNA, while the internal characteristics concerning the circadian clock in glioma involve stemness, metabolism, radiotherapy sensitivity, and chemotherapy sensitivity. We also summarized the molecular pathways and the therapeutic drugs involved in the glioma circadian rhythm. There are still many questions in this field waiting for further investigation. The results of glioma chronotherapy in sensitizing radiation therapy and chemotherapy have shown great therapeutic potential in improving clinical outcomes. These findings will help us further understand the characteristics of glioma pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina,Institute of Stroke ResearchSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina,Institute of Stroke ResearchSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Protein interaction networks of the mammalian core clock proteins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 131:207-233. [PMID: 35871891 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a 24-h cycle that regulates the biochemical and behavioral changes of organisms. It controls a wide range of functions, from gene expression to behavior, allowing organisms to anticipate daily changes in their environment. In mammals, circadian rhythm is generated by a complex transcriptional and translational feedback loop mechanism. The binding of CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer to the E-box of DNA located within the promoter region initiates transcription of clock control genes including the transcription of the other two core clock genes of Periods (Pers) and Cryptochromes (Crys). Then PERs and CRYs along with casein kinase 1ɛ/Δ translocate into the nucleus where they suppress CLOCK/BMAL1 transactivation and, in turn, clock-regulated gene expression. Various clock components must be operational to aid in their stabilization and period extension in circadian rhythm. In this review, we have highlighted the recent progress for the core clock interacting proteins to maintain and to stabilize circadian rhythm in mammals.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tartour K, Padmanabhan K. The Clock Takes Shape-24 h Dynamics in Genome Topology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:799971. [PMID: 35047508 PMCID: PMC8762244 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.799971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms orchestrate organismal physiology and behavior in order to anticipate daily changes in the environment. Virtually all cells have an internal rhythm that is synchronized every day by Zeitgebers (environmental cues). The synchrony between clocks within the animal enables the fitness and the health of organisms. Conversely, disruption of rhythms is linked to a variety of disorders: aging, cancer, metabolic diseases, and psychological disorders among others. At the cellular level, mammalian circadian rhythms are built on several layers of complexity. The transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL) was the first to be described in the 90s. Thereafter oscillations in epigenetic marks highlighted the role of chromatin state in organizing the TTFL. More recently, studies on the 3D organization of the genome suggest that genome topology could be yet another layer of control on cellular circadian rhythms. The dynamic nature of genome topology over a solar day implies that the 3D mammalian genome has to be considered in the fourth dimension-in time. Whether oscillations in genome topology are a consequence of 24 h gene-expression or a driver of transcriptional cycles remains an open question. All said and done, circadian clock-gated phenomena such as gene expression, DNA damage response, cell metabolism and animal behavior-go hand in hand with 24 h rhythms in genome topology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Tartour
- Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Kiran Padmanabhan
- Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tuning up an aged clock: Circadian clock regulation in metabolism and aging. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
7
|
Zhang H, Qin Z, Yue X, Liu Y, Sun X, Feng J, Xu Z, Zhao J, Li K, Qiu J, Yang W, He F, Ding C. Proteome-wide profiling of transcriptional machinery on accessible chromatin with biotinylated transposons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh1022. [PMID: 34678055 PMCID: PMC10763760 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To directly and quantitatively identify the transcriptional protein complexes assembled on accessible chromatin, we develop an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using mass spectrum (ATAC-MS) based on direct transposition of biotinylated adaptors into open chromatin. Coupling with activated gene sequence information by ATAC-seq, ATAC-MS can profile the accessible chromatin-protein machinery. ATAC-MS, combined with fractionation strategies (fATAC-MS), can provide a high-resolution chromatin-transcriptional machinery atlas. ATAC-MS with a novel Tn5-dCas9 fusion protein [dCas9-targeted ATAC-MS (ctATAC-MS)] further facilitates systematic pinpointing of the transcriptional machinery at specific open chromatin regions. We used ATAC-MS and ATAC-seq to investigate transcriptional regulation during C2C12 cell differentiation and demonstrated the role of RFX1 in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells. Our strategy provides a universal toolbox including ATAC-MS, fATAC-MS, and ctATAC-MS, which enables us to portray the transcriptional regulation machinery atlas in genome scale and investigate the protein-DNA complex at a specific genomic locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhaoyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuetong Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaogang Sun
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis, (111 Project), College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jinwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ziyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiangyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiange Qiu
- Cell Signaling and Proteomics Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis, (111 Project), College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- Cell Signaling and Proteomics Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sieber KR, Dorman T, Newell N, Yan H. (Epi)Genetic Mechanisms Underlying the Evolutionary Success of Eusocial Insects. INSECTS 2021; 12:498. [PMID: 34071806 PMCID: PMC8229086 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eusocial insects, such as bees, ants, and wasps of the Hymenoptera and termites of the Blattodea, are able to generate remarkable diversity in morphology and behavior despite being genetically uniform within a colony. Most eusocial insect species display caste structures in which reproductive ability is possessed by a single or a few queens while all other colony members act as workers. However, in some species, caste structure is somewhat plastic, and individuals may switch from one caste or behavioral phenotype to another in response to certain environmental cues. As different castes normally share a common genetic background, it is believed that much of this observed within-colony diversity results from transcriptional differences between individuals. This suggests that epigenetic mechanisms, featured by modified gene expression without changing genes themselves, may play an important role in eusocial insects. Indeed, epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, have been shown to influence eusocial insects in multiple aspects, along with typical genetic regulation. This review summarizes the most recent findings regarding such mechanisms and their diverse roles in eusocial insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayli R. Sieber
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (K.R.S.); (T.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Taylor Dorman
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (K.R.S.); (T.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Nicholas Newell
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (K.R.S.); (T.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (K.R.S.); (T.D.); (N.N.)
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yi JS, Díaz NM, D'Souza S, Buhr ED. The molecular clockwork of mammalian cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 126:87-96. [PMID: 33810978 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most organisms contain self-sustained circadian clocks. These clocks can be synchronized by environmental stimuli, but can also oscillate indefinitely in isolation. In mammals this is true at the molecular level for the majority of cell types that have been examined. A core set of "clock genes" form a transcriptional/translational feedback loop (TTFL) which repeats with a period of approximately 24 h. The exact mechanism of the TTFL differs slightly in various cell types, but all involve similar family members of the core cohort of clock genes. The clock has many outputs which are unique for different tissues. Cells in diverse tissues will convert the timing signals provided by the TTFL into uniquely orchestrated transcriptional oscillations of many clock-controlled genes and cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Yi
- University of Washington, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nicolás M Díaz
- University of Washington, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shane D'Souza
- Center for Chronobiology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ethan D Buhr
- University of Washington, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sion B, Bégou M. Can chronopharmacology improve the therapeutic management of neurological diseases? Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:564-581. [PMID: 33539566 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The importance of circadian rhythm dysfunctions in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases has been highlighted recently. Chronopharmacology principles imply that tailoring the timing of treatments to the circadian rhythm of individual patients could optimize therapeutic management. According to these principles, chronopharmacology takes into account the individual differences in patients' clocks, the rhythmic changes in the organism sensitivity to therapeutic and side effects of drugs, and the predictable time variations of disease. This review examines the current literature on chronopharmacology of neurological diseases focusing its scope on epilepsy, Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, and neuropathic pain, even if other neurological diseases could have been analyzed. While the results of the studies discussed in this review point to a potential therapeutic benefit of chronopharmacology in neurological diseases, the field is still in its infancy. Studies including a sufficiently large number of patients and measuring gold standard markers of the circadian rhythmicity are still needed to evaluate the beneficial effect of administration times over the 24-hour day but also of clock modulating drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Sion
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107, NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélina Bégou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107, NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The circadian machinery links metabolic disorders and depression: A review of pathways, proteins and potential pharmacological interventions. Life Sci 2020; 265:118809. [PMID: 33249097 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are responsible for regulating a number of physiological processes. The central oscillator is located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and the SCN synchronises the circadian clocks that are found in our peripheral organs through neural and humoral signalling. At the molecular level, biological clocks consist of transcription-translation feedback loops (TTFLs) and these pathways are influenced by transcription factors, post-translational modifications, signalling pathways and epigenetic modifiers. When disruptions occur in the circadian machinery, the activities of the proteins implicated in this network and the expression of core clock or clock-controlled genes (CCGs) can be altered. Circadian misalignment can also arise when there is desychronisation between our internal clocks and environmental stimuli. There is evidence in the literature demonstrating that disturbances in the circadian rhythm contribute to the pathophysiology of several diseases and disorders. This includes the metabolic syndrome and recently, it has been suggested that the 'circadian syndrome' may be a more appropriate term to use to not only describe the cardio-metabolic risk factors but also the associated comorbidities. Here we overview the molecular architecture of circadian clocks in mammals and provide insight into the effects of shift work, exposure to artificial light, food intake and stress on the circadian rhythm. The relationship between circadian rhythms, metabolic disorders and depression is reviewed and this is a topic that requires further investigation. We also describe how particular proteins involved in the TTFLs can be potentially modulated by small molecules, including pharmacological interventions and dietary compounds.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chatterjee S, Angelakos CC, Bahl E, Hawk JD, Gaine ME, Poplawski SG, Schneider-Anthony A, Yadav M, Porcari GS, Cassel JC, Giese KP, Michaelson JJ, Lyons LC, Boutillier AL, Abel T. The CBP KIX domain regulates long-term memory and circadian activity. BMC Biol 2020; 18:155. [PMID: 33121486 PMCID: PMC7597000 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CREB-dependent transcription necessary for long-term memory is driven by interactions with CREB-binding protein (CBP), a multi-domain protein that binds numerous transcription factors potentially affecting expression of thousands of genes. Identifying specific domain functions for multi-domain proteins is essential to understand processes such as cognitive function and circadian clocks. We investigated the function of the CBP KIX domain in hippocampal memory and gene expression using CBPKIX/KIX mice with mutations that prevent phospho-CREB (Ser133) binding. Results We found that CBPKIX/KIX mice were impaired in long-term memory, but not learning acquisition or short-term memory for the Morris water maze. Using an unbiased analysis of gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus after training in the Morris water maze or contextual fear conditioning, we discovered dysregulation of CREB, CLOCK, and BMAL1 target genes and downregulation of circadian genes in CBPKIX/KIX mice. Given our finding that the CBP KIX domain was important for transcription of circadian genes, we profiled circadian activity and phase resetting in CBPKIX/KIX mice. CBPKIX/KIX mice exhibited delayed activity peaks after light offset and longer free-running periods in constant dark. Interestingly, CBPKIX/KIX mice displayed phase delays and advances in response to photic stimulation comparable to wildtype littermates. Thus, this work delineates site-specific regulation of the circadian clock by a multi-domain protein. Conclusions These studies provide insight into the significance of the CBP KIX domain by defining targets of CBP transcriptional co-activation in memory and the role of the CBP KIX domain in vivo on circadian rhythms. Graphical abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snehajyoti Chatterjee
- Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,LNCA, CNRS UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Christopher C Angelakos
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ethan Bahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joshua D Hawk
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie E Gaine
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shane G Poplawski
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Anne Schneider-Anthony
- Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,LNCA, CNRS UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France
| | - Manish Yadav
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Giulia S Porcari
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Cassel
- Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - K Peter Giese
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jacob J Michaelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Anne-Laurence Boutillier
- Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. .,LNCA, CNRS UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Homer1a Undergoes Bimodal Transcriptional Regulation by CREB and the Circadian Clock. Neuroscience 2020; 434:161-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
14
|
Libbrecht R, Nadrau D, Foitzik S. A Role of Histone Acetylation in the Regulation of Circadian Rhythm in Ants. iScience 2020; 23:100846. [PMID: 32004990 PMCID: PMC6995257 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In many organisms, circadian rhythms and associated oscillations in gene expression are controlled by post-translational modifications of histone proteins. Although epigenetic mechanisms influence key aspects of insect societies, their implication in regulating circadian rhythms has not been studied in social insects. Here we ask whether histone acetylation plays a role in adjusting circadian activity in the ant Temnothorax longispinosus. We characterized activity patterns in 20 colonies to reveal that these ants exhibit a diurnal rhythm in colony-level activity and can rapidly respond to changes in the light regime. Then we fed T. longispinosus colonies with C646, a chemical inhibitor of histone acetyltransferases, to show that treated colonies lost their circadian rhythmicity and failed to adjust their activity to the light regime. These findings suggest a role for histone acetylation in controlling rhythmicity in ants and implicate epigenetic processes in the regulation of circadian rhythms in a social context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Libbrecht
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (IOME), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Biozentrum I, Hanns Dieter Hüsch Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Dennis Nadrau
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (IOME), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Biozentrum I, Hanns Dieter Hüsch Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Foitzik
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (IOME), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Biozentrum I, Hanns Dieter Hüsch Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Cancer Clock Is (Not) Ticking: Links between Circadian Rhythms and Cancer. Clocks Sleep 2019; 1:435-458. [PMID: 33089179 PMCID: PMC7445810 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep1040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate many physiological and behavioral processes, including sleep, metabolism and cell division, which have a 24-h oscillation pattern. Rhythmicity is generated by a transcriptional–translational feedback loop in individual cells, which are synchronized by the central pacemaker in the brain and external cues. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that disruption of these rhythms can increase both tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Environmental changes (shift work, jet lag, exposure to light at night), mutations in circadian regulating genes, and changes to clock gene expression are recognized forms of disruption and are associated with cancer risk and/or cancer progression. Experimental data in animals and cell cultures further supports the role of the cellular circadian clock in coordinating cell division and DNA repair, and disrupted cellular clocks accelerate cancer cell growth. This review will summarize studies linking circadian disruption to cancer biology and explore how such disruptions may be further altered by common characteristics of tumors including hypoxia and acidosis. We will highlight how circadian rhythms might be exploited for cancer drug development, including how delivery of current chemotherapies may be enhanced using chronotherapy. Understanding the role of circadian rhythms in carcinogenesis and tumor progression will enable us to better understand causes of cancer and how to treat them.
Collapse
|
16
|
Verlande A, Masri S. Circadian Clocks and Cancer: Timekeeping Governs Cellular Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:445-458. [PMID: 31155396 PMCID: PMC6679985 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a biological mechanism that dictates an array of rhythmic physiological processes. Virtually all cells contain a functional clock whose disruption results in altered timekeeping and detrimental systemic effects, including cancer. Recent advances have connected genetic disruption of the clock with multiple transcriptional and signaling networks controlling tumor initiation and progression. An additional feature of this circadian control relies on cellular metabolism, both within the tumor microenvironment and the organism systemically. A discussion of major advances related to cancer metabolism and the circadian clock will be outlined, including new efforts related to metabolic flux of transformed cells, metabolic heterogeneity of tumors, and the implications of circadian control of these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Verlande
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92867, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92867, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gaertner VD, Michel S, Curtin JA, Pulkkinen V, Acevedo N, Söderhäll C, von Berg A, Bufe A, Laub O, Rietschel E, Heinzmann A, Simma B, Vogelberg C, Pershagen G, Melén E, Simpson A, Custovic A, Kere J, Kabesch M. Nocturnal asthma is affected by genetic interactions between RORA and NPSR1. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:847-857. [PMID: 30927345 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide S Receptor 1 ( NPSR1) and Retinoid Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORA ) interact biologically, are both known candidate genes for asthma, and are involved in controlling circadian rhythm. Thus, we assessed (1) whether interactions between RORA and NPSR1 specifically affect the nocturnal asthma phenotype and (2) how this may differ from other asthma phenotypes. METHODS Interaction effects between 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RORA and 35 SNPs in NPSR1 on asthma and nocturnal asthma symptoms were determined in 1432 subjects (763 asthmatics [192 with nocturnal asthma symptoms]; 669 controls) from the Multicenter Asthma Genetic in Childhood/International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood studies. The results were validated and extended in children from the Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study (N = 723) and the Children Allergy Milieu Stockholm and Epidemiological cohort (N = 1646). RESULTS RORA* NPSR1 interactions seemed to affect both asthma and nocturnal asthma. In stratified analyses, however, interactions mainly affected nocturnal asthma and less so asthma without nocturnal symptoms or asthma severity. Results were replicated in two independent cohorts and seemed to remain constant over time throughout youth. CONCLUSION RORA* NPSR1 interactions appear to be involved in mechanisms specific for nocturnal asthma. In contrast to previous studies focusing on the role of beta 2 receptor polymorphisms in nocturnal asthma as a feature of asthma control or severity in general, our data suggest that changes in circadian rhythm control are associated with nighttime asthma symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent D Gaertner
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sven Michel
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany
| | - John A Curtin
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ville Pulkkinen
- Heart and Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nathalie Acevedo
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Women´s and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea von Berg
- Children's Department, Research Institute for the Prevention of Allergic Diseases, Marien-Hospital, Wesel, Germany
| | - Albrecht Bufe
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Otto Laub
- Kinder- und Jugendarztpraxis Laub, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Ernst Rietschel
- Faculty of Medicine, University Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Heinzmann
- Center for Pediatrics, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Burkhard Simma
- Children's Department, University Teaching Hospital, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Christian Vogelberg
- University Children's Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Simpson
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Research Programs Unit, Program for Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Folkhälsän Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Kabesch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany.,School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ri H, Lee J, Sonn JY, Yoo E, Lim C, Choe J. Drosophila CrebB is a Substrate of the Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Pathway that Sustains Circadian Behaviors. Mol Cells 2019; 42:301-312. [PMID: 31091556 PMCID: PMC6530642 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation underlies the circadian control of gene expression and animal behaviors. However, the role of mRNA surveillance via the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway in circadian rhythms remains elusive. Here, we report that Drosophila NMD pathway acts in a subset of circadian pacemaker neurons to maintain robust 24 h rhythms of free-running locomotor activity. RNA interference-mediated depletion of key NMD factors in timeless-expressing clock cells decreased the amplitude of circadian locomotor behaviors. Transgenic manipulation of the NMD pathway in clock neurons expressing a neuropeptide PIGMENT-DISPERSING FACTOR (PDF) was sufficient to dampen or lengthen free-running locomotor rhythms. Confocal imaging of a transgenic NMD reporter revealed that arrhythmic Clock mutants exhibited stronger NMD activity in PDF-expressing neurons than wild-type. We further found that hypomorphic mutations in Suppressor with morphogenetic effect on genitalia 5 (Smg5 ) or Smg6 impaired circadian behaviors. These NMD mutants normally developed PDF-expressing clock neurons and displayed daily oscillations in the transcript levels of core clock genes. By contrast, the loss of Smg5 or Smg6 function affected the relative transcript levels of cAMP response element-binding protein B (CrebB ) in an isoform-specific manner. Moreover, the overexpression of a transcriptional repressor form of CrebB rescued free-running locomotor rhythms in Smg5-depleted flies. These data demonstrate that CrebB is a rate-limiting substrate of the genetic NMD pathway important for the behavioral output of circadian clocks in Drosophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwajung Ri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Jongbin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Jun Young Sonn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Eunseok Yoo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919,
Korea
| | - Chunghun Lim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919,
Korea
| | - Joonho Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aylwin CF, Toro CA, Shirtcliff E, Lomniczi A. Emerging Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Pubertal Maturation in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:54-79. [PMID: 30869843 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The adolescent transition begins with the onset of puberty which, upstream in the brain, is initiated by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator that activates the release of peripheral sex hormones. Substantial research in human and animal models has revealed a myriad of cellular networks and heritable genes that control the GnRH pulse generator allowing the individual to begin the process of reproductive competence and sexual maturation. Here, we review the latest knowledge in neuroendocrine pubertal research with emphasis on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the pubertal transition.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hannou L, Roy P, Ballester Roig MN, Mongrain V. Transcriptional control of synaptic components by the clock machinery. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:241-267. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Hannou
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Pierre‐Gabriel Roy
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Maria Neus Ballester Roig
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hosoda H, Kida S. NSP-C contributes to the upregulation of CLOCK/BMAL1-mediated transcription. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:453-460. [PMID: 30600463 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The bHLH-PAS transcription factors clock circadian regulator (CLOCK) and brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1) play essential roles in the generation of circadian gene expression rhythms through the activation of E-box-mediated transcription. Importantly, circadian transcriptional rhythms mediated by CLOCK/BMAL1 are observed in peripheral tissues as well as in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and contribute to tissue-specific functions. These findings suggest that CLOCK/BMAL1 have roles in many biological phenomena by interacting with various cellular regulators. In the present study, to understand the mechanisms underlying the multiple functional roles of CLOCK, we tried to identify new proteins that interact with CLOCK using a yeast two-hybrid system. We identified neuroendocrine-specific protein (NSP)-C, which is highly expressed in the brain, as a positive regulator of CLOCK/BMAL1-mediated transcription. We found that NSP-C interacted with CLOCK in mammalian cells. Co-expression of NSP-C with CLOCK/BMAL1 enhanced the transcriptional activation by CLOCK/BMAL1. Furthermore, knockdown of endogenous NSP-C by small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed E-box-mediated transcription, while this reduction of transcription was rescued by the expression of NSP-C protected from the action of siRNA. These observations suggest that NSP-C contributes to the upregulation of CLOCK/BMAL1-mediated transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hosoda
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kida
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Masri S, Sassone-Corsi P. The emerging link between cancer, metabolism, and circadian rhythms. Nat Med 2018; 24:1795-1803. [PMID: 30523327 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a complex cellular mechanism that, through the control of diverse metabolic and gene expression pathways, governs a large array of cyclic physiological processes. Epidemiological and clinical data reveal a connection between the disruption of circadian rhythms and cancer that is supported by recent preclinical data. In addition, results from animal models and molecular studies underscore emerging links between cancer metabolism and the circadian clock. This has implications for therapeutic approaches, and we discuss the possible design of chronopharmacological strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1233, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fontenot MR, Berto S, Liu Y, Werthmann G, Douglas C, Usui N, Gleason K, Tamminga CA, Takahashi JS, Konopka G. Novel transcriptional networks regulated by CLOCK in human neurons. Genes Dev 2017; 31:2121-2135. [PMID: 29196536 PMCID: PMC5749161 DOI: 10.1101/gad.305813.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fontenot et al. show that CLOCK regulates the expression of genes involved in neuronal migration. Dysregulation of CLOCK disrupts coexpressed networks of genes implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, and the expression of these networks is driven by hub genes with human-specific patterns of expression. The molecular mechanisms underlying human brain evolution are not fully understood; however, previous work suggested that expression of the transcription factor CLOCK in the human cortex might be relevant to human cognition and disease. In this study, we investigated this novel transcriptional role for CLOCK in human neurons by performing chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing for endogenous CLOCK in adult neocortices and RNA sequencing following CLOCK knockdown in differentiated human neurons in vitro. These data suggested that CLOCK regulates the expression of genes involved in neuronal migration, and a functional assay showed that CLOCK knockdown increased neuronal migratory distance. Furthermore, dysregulation of CLOCK disrupts coexpressed networks of genes implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, and the expression of these networks is driven by hub genes with human-specific patterns of expression. These data support a role for CLOCK-regulated transcriptional cascades involved in human brain evolution and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles R Fontenot
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Stefano Berto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Gordon Werthmann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Connor Douglas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Noriyoshi Usui
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Kelly Gleason
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Y, Markert MJ, Groves SC, Hardin PE, Merlin C. Vertebrate-like CRYPTOCHROME 2 from monarch regulates circadian transcription via independent repression of CLOCK and BMAL1 activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7516-E7525. [PMID: 28831003 PMCID: PMC5594645 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702014114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian repression of CLOCK-BMAL1 by PERIOD and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) in mammals lies at the core of the circadian timekeeping mechanism. CRY repression of CLOCK-BMAL1 and regulation of circadian period are proposed to rely primarily on competition for binding with coactivators on an α-helix located within the transactivation domain (TAD) of the BMAL1 C terminus. This model has, however, not been tested in vivo. Here, we applied CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis in the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), which possesses a vertebrate-like CRY (dpCRY2) and an ortholog of BMAL1, to show that insect CRY2 regulates circadian repression through TAD α-helix-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Monarch mutants lacking the BMAL1 C terminus including the TAD exhibited arrhythmic eclosion behavior. In contrast, mutants lacking the TAD α-helix but retaining the most distal C-terminal residues exhibited robust rhythms during the first day of constant darkness (DD1), albeit with a delayed peak of eclosion. Phase delay in this mutant on DD1 was exacerbated in the presence of a single functional allele of dpCry2, and rhythmicity was abolished in the absence of dpCRY2. Reporter assays in Drosophila S2 cells further revealed that dpCRY2 represses through two distinct mechanisms: a TAD-dependent mechanism that involves the dpBMAL1 TAD α-helix and dpCLK W328 and a TAD-independent mechanism involving dpCLK E333. Together, our results provide evidence for independent mechanisms of vertebrate-like CRY circadian regulation on the BMAL1 C terminus and the CLK PAS-B domain and demonstrate the importance of a BMAL1 TAD-independent mechanism for generating circadian rhythms in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Matthew J Markert
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Shayna C Groves
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Paul E Hardin
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Christine Merlin
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843;
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu F, Chang HC. Physiological links of circadian clock and biological clock of aging. Protein Cell 2017; 8:477-488. [PMID: 28108951 PMCID: PMC5498335 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms orchestrate biochemical and physiological processes in living organisms to respond the day/night cycle. In mammals, nearly all cells hold self-sustained circadian clocks meanwhile couple the intrinsic rhythms to systemic changes in a hierarchical manner. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus functions as the master pacemaker to initiate daily synchronization according to the photoperiod, in turn determines the phase of peripheral cellular clocks through a variety of signaling relays, including endocrine rhythms and metabolic cycles. With aging, circadian desynchrony occurs at the expense of peripheral metabolic pathologies and central neurodegenerative disorders with sleep symptoms, and genetic ablation of circadian genes in model organisms resembled the aging-related features. Notably, a number of studies have linked longevity nutrient sensing pathways in modulating circadian clocks. Therapeutic strategies that bridge the nutrient sensing pathways and circadian clock might be rational designs to defy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hung-Chun Chang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Epigenetic regulation and chromatin remodeling in learning and memory. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e281. [PMID: 28082740 PMCID: PMC5291841 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of memory formation and maintenance has been a major goal in the field of neuroscience. Memory formation and maintenance are tightly controlled complex processes. Among the various processes occurring at different levels, gene expression regulation is especially crucial for proper memory processing, as some genes need to be activated while some genes must be suppressed. Epigenetic regulation of the genome involves processes such as DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications. These processes edit genomic properties or the interactions between the genome and histone cores. They then induce structural changes in the chromatin and lead to transcriptional changes of different genes. Recent studies have focused on the concept of chromatin remodeling, which consists of 3D structural changes in chromatin in relation to gene regulation, and is an important process in learning and memory. In this review, we will introduce three major epigenetic processes involved in memory regulation: DNA methylation, histone methylation and histone acetylation. We will also discuss general mechanisms of long-term memory storage and relate the epigenetic control of learning and memory to chromatin remodeling. Finally, we will discuss how epigenetic mechanisms can contribute to the pathologies of neurological disorders and cause memory-related symptoms.
Collapse
|
27
|
Takahashi JS. Transcriptional architecture of the mammalian circadian clock. NATURE REVIEWS. GENETICS 2016. [PMID: 27990019 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.150]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that control 24-hour physiological and behavioural processes in organisms. These cell-autonomous clocks are composed of a transcription-translation-based autoregulatory feedback loop. With the development of next-generation sequencing approaches, biochemical and genomic insights into circadian function have recently come into focus. Genome-wide analyses of the clock transcriptional feedback loop have revealed a global circadian regulation of processes such as transcription factor occupancy, RNA polymerase II recruitment and initiation, nascent transcription, and chromatin remodelling. The genomic targets of circadian clocks are pervasive and are intimately linked to the regulation of metabolism, cell growth and physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Takahashi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, NA4.118, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Takahashi JS. Transcriptional architecture of the mammalian circadian clock. Nat Rev Genet 2016; 18:164-179. [PMID: 27990019 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1495] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that control 24-hour physiological and behavioural processes in organisms. These cell-autonomous clocks are composed of a transcription-translation-based autoregulatory feedback loop. With the development of next-generation sequencing approaches, biochemical and genomic insights into circadian function have recently come into focus. Genome-wide analyses of the clock transcriptional feedback loop have revealed a global circadian regulation of processes such as transcription factor occupancy, RNA polymerase II recruitment and initiation, nascent transcription, and chromatin remodelling. The genomic targets of circadian clocks are pervasive and are intimately linked to the regulation of metabolism, cell growth and physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Takahashi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, NA4.118, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nakano JJ, Shimizu K, Shimba S, Fukada Y. SCOP/PHLPP1β in the basolateral amygdala regulates circadian expression of mouse anxiety-like behavior. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33500. [PMID: 27640726 PMCID: PMC5027591 DOI: 10.1038/srep33500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While disruption of the circadian clock triggers a spectrum of affective abnormalities, how the clock regulates mammalian emotionality remains unclear. Here, we characterized the time-of-day-dependent regulation of mouse anxiety-like behaviors. We show that anxiety-like behaviors are expressed in a circadian manner in mice and demonstrate that the clock machineries in the dorsal telencephalon (dTel) are required for the time-of-day-dependent regulation of anxiety-like behaviors. We identify suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian oscillatory protein (SCOP/PHLPP1β) as an essential intracellular signaling molecule mediating this temporal regulation downstream of the clock. Using viral-mediated, basolateral amygdala (BLA)-specific knockout of Scop, we demonstrate that deletion of SCOP in the BLA exerts anxiolytic effects on the elevated plus maze at early subjective night, thereby blunting the circadian variation in the anxiety-like behavior. We conclude that the circadian expression of SCOP in the BLA plays a key role in generating circadian rhythmicity in the anxiety-like behavior. Our results demonstrate SCOP as a regulator of anxiety-like behaviors and reveal its key roles in the anxiogenic functions of the BLA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun J Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kimiko Shimizu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
TFEB regulates PER3 expression via glucose-dependent effects on CLOCK/BMAL1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
31
|
Morishita Y, Miura D, Kida S. PI3K regulates BMAL1/CLOCK-mediated circadian transcription from the Dbp promoter. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1131-40. [PMID: 27022680 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1136885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm generated by circadian clock underlies a molecular mechanism of rhythmic transcriptional regulation by transcription factor BMAL1/CLOCK. Importantly, the circadian clock is coordinated by exogenous cues to accommodate to changes in the external environment. However, the molecular mechanisms by which intracellular-signaling pathways mediate the adjustments of the circadian transcriptional rhythms remain unclear. In this study, we found that pharmacological inhibition or shRNA-mediated knockdown of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) blocked upregulation of Dbp mRNA induced by serum shock in NIH 3T3 cells. Moreover, the inhibition of PI3K significantly reduced the promoter activity of the Dbp gene, as well as decreased the recruitment of BMAL1/CLOCK to the E-box in the Dbp promoter. Interestingly, the inhibition of PI3K blocked heterodimerization of BMAL1 and CLOCK. Our findings suggest that PI3K signaling plays a modulatory role in the regulation of the transcriptional rhythm of the Dbp gene by targeting BMAL1 and CLOCK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Morishita
- a Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Bioscience , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Daiki Miura
- a Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Bioscience , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Satoshi Kida
- a Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Bioscience , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo , Japan
- b Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency , Saitama , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Zwighaft and colleagues (Zwighaft et al., 2015) describe a novel mechanism through which intracellular polyamines regulate circadian rhythms. These findings are significant, as they add yet another layer of complexity to the interplay between environmental, dietary, and organismal factors in the molecular control of daily behavioral oscillations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tamayo AG, Duong HA, Robles MS, Mann M, Weitz CJ. Histone monoubiquitination by Clock-Bmal1 complex marks Per1 and Per2 genes for circadian feedback. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2015; 22:759-66. [PMID: 26323038 PMCID: PMC4600324 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in mammals are driven by a feedback loop in which the transcription factor Clock-Bmal1 activates expression of Per and Cry proteins, which together form a large nuclear complex (Per complex) that represses Clock-Bmal1 activity. We found that mouse Clock-Bmal1 recruits the Ddb1-Cullin-4 ubiquitin ligase to Per (Per1 and Per2), Cry (Cry1 and Cry2) and other circadian target genes. Histone H2B monoubiquitination at Per genes was rhythmic and depended on Bmal1, Ddb1 and Cullin-4a. Depletion of Ddb1-Cullin-4a or an independent decrease in H2B monoubiquitination caused defective circadian feedback and decreased the association of the Per complex with DNA-bound Clock-Bmal1. Clock-Bmal1 thus covalently marks Per genes for subsequent recruitment of the Per complex. Our results reveal a chromatin-mediated signal from the positive to the negative limb of the clock that provides a licensing mechanism for circadian feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred G Tamayo
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hao A Duong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria S Robles
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Charles J Weitz
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu CC, Su LJ, Tsai WY, Sun HL, Lee HC, Wong CS. Hylan G-F 20 attenuates posttraumatic osteoarthritis progression: Association with upregulated expression of the circardian gene NPAS2. Life Sci 2015; 141:20-4. [PMID: 26388558 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study was to examine the effect of Hylan G-F 20 on the progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) and the expression of the circadian genes neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) and period 2 (Per2). MAIN METHODS We used the anterior cruciate ligament transaction and medial menisectomy (ACLT+MMx) model in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups, the sham-operated group, the Hylan G-F 20-treated group, and the saline-treated group. Rats which underwent ACLT + MMx surgery were injected intraarticularly with, respectively, Hylan G-F 20 or saline once a week for 3 consecutive weeks, starting 7days after surgery. The gross morphology and histopathology of the experimental knee joints were evaluated at the end of week 6. Expression of the NPAS2 and Per2 genes was measured by real-time PCR. KEY FINDINGS Hylan G-F 20 suppressed the articular cartilage destruction and synovitis compared to the saline-treated group. Compared to the sham-operated group, the Hylan G-F 20-treated group showed significantly upregulated expression of NPAS2 in cartilage (2.53±0.08-fold higher; p<0.05) and a non-significant increase in Per2 expression (2.35±1.26-fold higher p=0.28), while the saline-treated group showed significant downregulation of NPAS2 expression and a non-significant decrease in Per2 expression. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggested that early intraarticular injection of Hylan G-F 20 attenuates the progression of PTOA and significantly upregulates NPAS2 expression. These findings provide a new direction for studying associations between the use of a pharmacological agent, the degenerative process, and circadian gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Liu
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Zhongli City, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Su
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Zhongli City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yuan Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Hoong-Chien Lee
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Zhongli City, Taiwan; Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Most living beings, including humans, must adapt to rhythmically occurring daily changes in their environment that are generated by the Earth's rotation. In the course of evolution, these organisms have acquired an internal circadian timing system that can anticipate environmental oscillations and thereby govern their rhythmic physiology in a proactive manner. In mammals, the circadian timing system coordinates virtually all physiological processes encompassing vigilance states, metabolism, endocrine functions and cardiovascular activity. Research performed during the past two decades has established that almost every cell in the body possesses its own circadian timekeeper. The resulting clock network is organized in a hierarchical manner. A master pacemaker, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, is synchronized every day to the photoperiod. In turn, the SCN determines the phase of the cellular clocks in peripheral organs through a wide variety of signalling pathways dependent on feeding cycles, body temperature rhythms, oscillating bloodborne signals and, in some organs, inputs of the peripheral nervous system. A major purpose of circadian clocks in peripheral tissues is the temporal orchestration of key metabolic processes, including food processing (metabolism and xenobiotic detoxification). Here, we review some recent findings regarding the molecular and cellular composition of the circadian timing system and discuss its implications for the temporal coordination of metabolism in health and disease. We focus primarily on metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, although circadian misalignments (shiftwork or 'social jet lag') have also been associated with the aetiology of human malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Dibner
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Hypertension, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gustafson CL, Partch CL. Emerging models for the molecular basis of mammalian circadian timing. Biochemistry 2014; 54:134-49. [PMID: 25303119 PMCID: PMC4303291 DOI: 10.1021/bi500731f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian circadian timekeeping arises from a transcription-based feedback loop driven by a set of dedicated clock proteins. At its core, the heterodimeric transcription factor CLOCK:BMAL1 activates expression of Period, Cryptochrome, and Rev-Erb genes, which feed back to repress transcription and create oscillations in gene expression that confer circadian timing cues to cellular processes. The formation of different clock protein complexes throughout this transcriptional cycle helps to establish the intrinsic ∼24 h periodicity of the clock; however, current models of circadian timekeeping lack the explanatory power to fully describe this process. Recent studies confirm the presence of at least three distinct regulatory complexes: a transcriptionally active state comprising the CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer with its coactivator CBP/p300, an early repressive state containing PER:CRY complexes, and a late repressive state marked by a poised but inactive, DNA-bound CLOCK:BMAL1:CRY1 complex. In this review, we analyze high-resolution structures of core circadian transcriptional regulators and integrate biochemical data to suggest how remodeling of clock protein complexes may be achieved throughout the 24 h cycle. Defining these detailed mechanisms will provide a foundation for understanding the molecular basis of circadian timing and help to establish new platforms for the discovery of therapeutics to manipulate the clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
O'Neill JS, Feeney KA. Circadian redox and metabolic oscillations in mammalian systems. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2966-81. [PMID: 24063592 PMCID: PMC4038991 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A substantial proportion of mammalian physiology is organized around the day/night cycle, being regulated by the co-ordinated action of numerous cell-autonomous circadian oscillators throughout the body. Disruption of internal timekeeping, by genetic or environmental perturbation, leads to metabolic dysregulation, whereas changes in metabolism affect timekeeping. RECENT ADVANCES While gene expression cycles are essential for the temporal coordination of normal physiology, it has become clear that rhythms in metabolism and redox balance are cell-intrinsic phenomena, which may regulate gene expression cycles reciprocally, but persist in their absence. For example, a circadian rhythm in peroxiredoxin oxidation was recently observed in isolated human erythrocytes, fibroblast cell lines in vitro, and mouse liver in vivo. CRITICAL ISSUES Mammalian timekeeping is a cellular phenomenon. While we understand many of the cellular systems that contribute to this biological oscillation's fidelity and robustness, a comprehensive mechanistic understanding remains elusive. Moreover, the formerly clear distinction between "core clock components" and rhythmic cellular outputs is blurred since several outputs, for example, redox balance, can feed back to regulate timekeeping. As with any cyclical system, establishing causality becomes problematic. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A detailed molecular understanding of the temporal crosstalk between cellular systems, and the coincidence detection mechanisms that allow a cell to discriminate clock-relevant from irrelevant stimuli, will be essential as we move toward an integrated model of how this daily biological oscillation works. Such knowledge will highlight new avenues by which the functional consequences of circadian timekeeping can be explored in the context of human health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S O'Neill
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sánchez-Molina S, Estarás C, Oliva JL, Akizu N, Asensio-Juan E, Rojas JM, Martínez-Balbás MA. Regulation of CBP and Tip60 coordinates histone acetylation at local and global levels during Ras-induced transformation. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2194-202. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
39
|
Tong X, Yin L. Circadian rhythms in liver physiology and liver diseases. Compr Physiol 2013; 3:917-40. [PMID: 23720334 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c120017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, circadian rhythms function to coordinate a diverse panel of physiological processes with environmental conditions such as food and light. As the driving force for circadian rhythmicity, the molecular clock is a self-sustained transcription-translational feedback loop system consisting of transcription factors, epigenetic modulators, kinases/phosphatases, and ubiquitin E3 ligases. The molecular clock exists not only in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus but also in the peripheral tissues to regulate cellular and physiological function in a tissue-specific manner. The circadian clock system in the liver plays important roles in regulating metabolism and energy homeostasis. Clock gene mutant animals display impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and are susceptible to diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction, providing strong evidence for the connection between the circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis. Circadian-controlled hepatic metabolism is partially achieved by controlling the expression and/or activity of key metabolic enzymes, transcription factors, signaling molecules, and transporters. Reciprocally, intracellular metabolites modulate the molecular clock activity in response to the energy status. Although still at the early stage, circadian clock dysfunction has been implicated in common chronic liver diseases. Circadian dysregulation of lipid metabolism, detoxification, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell-cycle control might contribute to the onset and progression of liver steatosis, fibrosis, and even carcinogenesis. In summary, these findings call for a comprehensive study of the function and mechanisms of hepatic circadian clock to gain better understanding of liver physiology and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang F, Marshall CB, Ikura M. Transcriptional/epigenetic regulator CBP/p300 in tumorigenesis: structural and functional versatility in target recognition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3989-4008. [PMID: 23307074 PMCID: PMC11113169 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, gene transcription is regulated by sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors that recognize promoter and enhancer elements near the transcriptional start site. Some coactivators promote transcription by connecting transcription factors to the basal transcriptional machinery. The highly conserved coactivators CREB-binding protein (CBP) and its paralog, E1A-binding protein (p300), each have four separate transactivation domains (TADs) that interact with the TADs of a number of DNA-binding transcription activators as well as general transcription factors (GTFs), thus mediating recruitment of basal transcription machinery to the promoter. Most promoters comprise multiple activator-binding sites, and many activators contain tandem TADs, thus multivalent interactions may stabilize CBP/p300 at the promoter, and intrinsically disordered regions in CBP/p300 and many activators may confer adaptability to these multivalent complexes. CBP/p300 contains a catalytic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain, which remodels chromatin to 'relax' its superstructure and enables transcription of proximal genes. The HAT activity of CBP/p300 also acetylates some transcription factors (e.g., p53), hence modulating the function of key transcriptional regulators. Through these numerous interactions, CBP/p300 has been implicated in complex physiological and pathological processes, and, in response to different signals, can drive cells towards proliferation or apoptosis. Dysregulation of the transcriptional and epigenetic functions of CBP/p300 is associated with leukemia and other types of cancer, thus it has been recognized as a potential anti-cancer drug target. In this review, we focus on recent exciting findings in the structural mechanisms of CBP/p300 involving multivalent and dynamic interactions with binding partners, which may pave new avenues for anti-cancer drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9 Canada
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
- Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Christopher B. Marshall
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9 Canada
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Mitsuhiko Ikura
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9 Canada
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
A positive feedback loop links circadian clock factor CLOCK-BMAL1 to the basic transcriptional machinery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:16021-6. [PMID: 24043798 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305980110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks in mammals are built on a negative feedback loop in which the heterodimeric transcription factor circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK)-brain, muscle Arnt-like 1 (BMAL1) drives the expression of its own inhibitors, the PERIOD and CRYPTOCHROME proteins. Reactivation of CLOCK-BMAL1 occurs at a specific time several hours after PERIOD and CRYPTOCHROME protein turnover, but the mechanism underlying this process is unknown. We found that mouse BMAL1 complexes include TRAP150 (thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein-150; also known as THRAP3). TRAP150 is a selective coactivator for CLOCK-BMAL1, which oscillates under CLOCK-BMAL1 transcriptional control. TRAP150 promotes CLOCK-BMAL1 binding to target genes and links CLOCK-BMAL1 to the transcriptional machinery at target-gene promoters. Depletion of TRAP150 caused low-amplitude, long-period rhythms, identifying it as a positive clock element. The activity of TRAP150 defines a positive feedback loop within the clock and provides a potential mechanism for timing the reactivation of circadian transcription.
Collapse
|
42
|
Anderson G, Beischlag TV, Vinciguerra M, Mazzoccoli G. The circadian clock circuitry and the AHR signaling pathway in physiology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:1405-16. [PMID: 23438471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Life forms populating the Earth must face environmental challenges to assure individual and species survival. The strategies predisposed to maintain organismal homeostasis and grant selective advantage rely on anticipatory phenomena facing periodic modifications, and compensatory phenomena facing unpredictable changes. Biological processes bringing about these responses are respectively driven by the circadian timing system, a complex of biological oscillators entrained to the environmental light/dark cycle, and by regulatory and metabolic networks that precisely direct the body's adjustments to variations of external conditions and internal milieu. A critical role in organismal homeostatic functions is played by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) complex, which senses environmental and endogenous compounds, influences metabolic responses controlling phase I/II gene expression, and modulates vital phenomena such as development, inflammation and adaptive immunity. A physiological cross-talk between circadian and AHR signaling pathways has been evidenced. The alteration of AHR signaling pathway deriving from genetic damage with polymorphisms or mutations, or produced by exogenous or endogenous AHR activation, and chronodisruption caused by mismatch between the body's internal clock and geophysical time/social schedules, are capable of triggering pathological mechanisms involved in metabolic, immune-related and neoplastic diseases. On the other hand, the molecular components of the circadian clock circuitry and AHR signaling pathway may represent useful tools for preventive interventions and valuable targets of therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- Clinical Research Centre/Communications, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Koike N, Yoo SH, Huang HC, Kumar V, Lee C, Kim TK, Takahashi JS. Transcriptional architecture and chromatin landscape of the core circadian clock in mammals. Science 2012; 338:349-54. [PMID: 22936566 PMCID: PMC3694775 DOI: 10.1126/science.1226339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1042] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock involves a transcriptional feed back loop in which CLOCK and BMAL1 activate the Period and Cryptochrome genes, which then feedback and repress their own transcription. We have interrogated the transcriptional architecture of the circadian transcriptional regulatory loop on a genome scale in mouse liver and find a stereotyped, time-dependent pattern of transcription factor binding, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) recruitment, RNA expression, and chromatin states. We find that the circadian transcriptional cycle of the clock consists of three distinct phases: a poised state, a coordinated de novo transcriptional activation state, and a repressed state. Only 22% of messenger RNA (mRNA) cycling genes are driven by de novo transcription, suggesting that both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms underlie the mammalian circadian clock. We also find that circadian modulation of RNAPII recruitment and chromatin remodeling occurs on a genome-wide scale far greater than that seen previously by gene expression profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Koike
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111
| | - Hung-Chung Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111
| | - Choogon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111
| | - Joseph S. Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
de Groote ML, Verschure PJ, Rots MG. Epigenetic Editing: targeted rewriting of epigenetic marks to modulate expression of selected target genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:10596-613. [PMID: 23002135 PMCID: PMC3510492 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances made in epigenetic research in recent decades, many questions remain unresolved, especially concerning cause and consequence of epigenetic marks with respect to gene expression modulation (GEM). Technologies allowing the targeting of epigenetic enzymes to predetermined DNA sequences are uniquely suited to answer such questions and could provide potent (bio)medical tools. Toward the goal of gene-specific GEM by overwriting epigenetic marks (Epigenetic Editing, EGE), instructive epigenetic marks need to be identified and their writers/erasers should then be fused to gene-specific DNA binding domains. The appropriate epigenetic mark(s) to change in order to efficiently modulate gene expression might have to be validated for any given chromatin context and should be (mitotically) stable. Various insights in such issues have been obtained by sequence-specific targeting of epigenetic enzymes, as is presented in this review. Features of such studies provide critical aspects for further improving EGE. An example of this is the direct effect of the edited mark versus the indirect effect of recruited secondary proteins by targeting epigenetic enzymes (or their domains). Proof-of-concept of expression modulation of an endogenous target gene is emerging from the few EGE studies reported. Apart from its promise in correcting disease-associated epi-mutations, EGE represents a powerful tool to address fundamental epigenetic questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marloes L de Groote
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EA11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu Y, Wang DL, Chen S, Zhao L, Sun FL. Oncogene Ras/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling targets histone H3 acetylation at lysine 56. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:41469-80. [PMID: 22982396 PMCID: PMC3510844 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.367847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the small GTPase Ras promotes tumor initiation by activating at least three different mediators: Raf, PI3K, and Ras-like (Ral) guanine nucleotide exchange factors. However, the exact mechanisms that underlie these different Ras signaling pathways, which are involved in tumor progression, remain to be elucidated. In this study, we report that the Ras-PI3K pathway, but not Raf or the Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors, specifically targets the acetylation of H3 at lysine 56 (H3K56ac), thereby regulating tumor cell activity. We demonstrate that the Ras-PI3K-induced reduction in H3K56ac is associated with the proliferation and migration of tumor cells by targeting the transcription of tumor-associated genes. The depletion of the histone deacetyltransferases Sirt1 and Sirt2 rescues the Ras-PI3K-induced decrease in H3K56ac, gene transcription, tumor cell proliferation, and tumor cell migration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Ras-PI3K-AKT pathway regulates H3K56ac via the MDM2-dependent degradation of CREB-binding protein/p300. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that the Ras-PI3K signaling pathway targets specific epigenetic modifications in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Institute of Epigenetics and Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nomoto M, Takeda Y, Uchida S, Mitsuda K, Enomoto H, Saito K, Choi T, Watabe AM, Kobayashi S, Masushige S, Manabe T, Kida S. Dysfunction of the RAR/RXR signaling pathway in the forebrain impairs hippocampal memory and synaptic plasticity. Mol Brain 2012; 5:8. [PMID: 22316320 PMCID: PMC3298701 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-5-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoid signaling pathways mediated by retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/retinoid × receptor (RXR)-mediated transcription play critical roles in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that treatment with retinoic acid alleviates age-related deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory performance and, furthermore, memory deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. However, the roles of the RAR/RXR signaling pathway in learning and memory at the behavioral level have still not been well characterized in the adult brain. We here show essential roles for RAR/RXR in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. In the current study, we generated transgenic mice in which the expression of dominant-negative RAR (dnRAR) could be induced in the mature brain using a tetracycline-dependent transcription factor and examined the effects of RAR/RXR loss. Results The expression of dnRAR in the forebrain down-regulated the expression of RARβ, a target gene of RAR/RXR, indicating that dnRAR mice exhibit dysfunction of the RAR/RXR signaling pathway. Similar with previous findings, dnRAR mice displayed impaired LTP and AMPA-mediated synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. More importantly, these mutant mice displayed impaired hippocampus-dependent social recognition and spatial memory. However, these deficits of LTP and memory performance were rescued by stronger conditioning stimulation and spaced training, respectively. Finally, we found that pharmacological blockade of RARα in the hippocampus impairs social recognition memory. Conclusions From these observations, we concluded that the RAR/RXR signaling pathway greatly contributes to learning and memory, and LTP in the hippocampus in the adult brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nomoto
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Increasing CREB function in the CA1 region of dorsal hippocampus rescues the spatial memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:2169-86. [PMID: 21734652 PMCID: PMC3176558 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The principal defining feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is memory impairment. As the transcription factor CREB (cAMP/Ca(2+) responsive element-binding protein) is critical for memory formation across species, we investigated the role of CREB in a mouse model of AD. We found that TgCRND8 mice exhibit a profound impairment in the ability to form a spatial memory, a process that critically relies on the dorsal hippocampus. Perhaps contributing to this memory deficit, we observed additional deficits in the dorsal hippocampus of TgCRND8 mice in terms of (1) biochemistry (decreased CREB activation in the CA1 region), (2) neuronal structure (decreased spine density and dendritic complexity of CA1 pyramidal neurons), and (3) neuronal network activity (decreased arc mRNA levels following behavioral training). Locally and acutely increasing CREB function in the CA1 region of dorsal hippocampus of TgCRND8 mice was sufficient to restore function in each of these key domains (biochemistry, neuronal structure, network activity, and most importantly, memory formation). The rescue produced by increasing CREB was specific both anatomically and behaviorally and independent of plaque load or Aβ levels. Interestingly, humans with AD show poor spatial memory/navigation and AD brains have disrupted (1) CREB activation, and (2) spine density and dendritic complexity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. These parallel findings not only confirm that TgCRND8 mice accurately model key aspects of human AD, but furthermore, suggest the intriguing possibility that targeting CREB may be a useful therapeutic strategy in treating humans with AD.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Unraveling the mechanisms by which the molecular manipulation of genes of interest enhances cognitive function is important to establish genetic therapies for cognitive disorders. Although CREB is thought to positively regulate formation of long-term memory (LTM), gain-of-function effects of CREB remain poorly understood, especially at the behavioral level. To address this, we generated four lines of transgenic mice expressing dominant active CREB mutants (CREB-Y134F or CREB-DIEDML) in the forebrain that exhibited moderate upregulation of CREB activity. These transgenic lines improved not only LTM but also long-lasting long-term potentiation in the CA1 area in the hippocampus. However, we also observed enhanced short-term memory (STM) in contextual fear-conditioning and social recognition tasks. Enhanced LTM and STM could be dissociated behaviorally in these four lines of transgenic mice, suggesting that the underlying mechanism for enhanced STM and LTM are distinct. LTM enhancement seems to be attributable to the improvement of memory consolidation by the upregulation of CREB transcriptional activity, whereas higher basal levels of BDNF, a CREB target gene, predicted enhanced shorter-term memory. The importance of BDNF in STM was verified by microinfusing BDNF or BDNF inhibitors into the hippocampus of wild-type or transgenic mice. Additionally, increasing BDNF further enhanced LTM in one of the lines of transgenic mice that displayed a normal BDNF level but enhanced LTM, suggesting that upregulation of BDNF and CREB activity cooperatively enhances LTM formation. Our findings suggest that CREB positively regulates memory consolidation and affects memory performance by regulating BDNF expression.
Collapse
|
49
|
Kalra IS, Alam MM, Choudhary PK, Pace BS. Krüppel-like Factor 4 activates HBG gene expression in primary erythroid cells. Br J Haematol 2011; 154:248-59. [PMID: 21539536 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The SP1/Krüppel-like Factor (SP1/KLF) family of transcription factors plays a role in diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation and control of gene transcription. The discovery of KLF1 (EKLF), a key regulator of HBB (β-globin) gene expression, expanded our understanding of the role of KLFs in erythropoiesis. In this study, we investigated a mechanism of HBG (γ-globin) regulation by KLF4. siRNA-mediated gene silencing and enforced expression of KLF4 in K562 cells substantiated the ability of KLF4 to positively regulate endogenous HBG gene transcription. The physiological significance of this finding was confirmed in primary erythroid cells, where KLF4 knockdown at day 11 significantly attenuated HBG mRNA levels and enforced expression at day 28 stimulated the silenced HBG genes. In vitro binding characterization using the γ-CACCC and β-CACCC probes demonstrated KLF4 preferentially binds the endogenous γ-CACCC, while CREB binding protein (CREBBP) binding was not selective. Co-immunoprecipitation studies confirmed protein-protein interaction between KLF4 and CREBBP. Furthermore, sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed co-localization of both factors in the γ-CACCC region. Subsequent luciferase reporter studies demonstrated that KLF4 trans-activated HBG promoter activity and that CREBBP enforced expression resulted in gene repression. Our data supports a model of antagonistic interaction of KLF4/CREBBP trans-factors in HBG regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inderdeep S Kalra
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|