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Yang C, Ma S, Zhang J, Han Y, Wan L, Zhou W, Dong X, Yang W, Chen Y, Gao L, Cui W, Jia L, Yang J, Wu C, Wang Q, Wang L. EHMT2-mediated transcriptional reprogramming drives neuroendocrine transformation in non-small cell lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317790121. [PMID: 38814866 PMCID: PMC11161775 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317790121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The transformation of lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recognized resistance mechanism and a hindrance to therapies using epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The paucity of pretranslational/posttranslational clinical samples limits the deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms and the exploration of effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we developed preclinical neuroendocrine (NE) transformation models. Next, we identified a transcriptional reprogramming mechanism that drives resistance to erlotinib in NE transformation cell lines and cell-derived xenograft mice. We observed the enhanced expression of genes involved in the EHMT2 and WNT/β-catenin pathways. In addition, we demonstrated that EHMT2 increases methylation of the SFRP1 promoter region to reduce SFRP1 expression, followed by activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and TKI-mediated NE transformation. Notably, the similar expression alterations of EHMT2 and SFRP1 were observed in transformed SCLC samples obtained from clinical patients. Importantly, suppression of EHMT2 with selective inhibitors restored the sensitivity of NE transformation cell lines to erlotinib and delayed resistance in cell-derived xenograft mice. We identify a transcriptional reprogramming process in NE transformation and provide a potential therapeutic target for overcoming resistance to erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
- Division of Drug Screening and Biology Evaluation, Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi117004, China
| | - Shuxiang Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou450008, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
- Division of Drug Screening and Biology Evaluation, Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi117004, China
| | - Yuchen Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
- Division of Drug Screening and Biology Evaluation, Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi117004, China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
- Division of Drug Screening and Biology Evaluation, Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi117004, China
| | - Wenlong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
- Division of Drug Screening and Biology Evaluation, Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi117004, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
- Division of Drug Screening and Biology Evaluation, Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi117004, China
| | - Weiming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
- Division of Drug Screening and Biology Evaluation, Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi117004, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
- Division of Drug Screening and Biology Evaluation, Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi117004, China
| | - Lingyue Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
- Division of Drug Screening and Biology Evaluation, Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi117004, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou450008, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
- Division of Drug Screening and Biology Evaluation, Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi117004, China
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Gilyazova I, Gimalova G, Nizamova A, Galimova E, Ishbulatova E, Pavlov V, Khusnutdinova E. Non-Coding RNAs as Key Regulators in Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:560. [PMID: 38203731 PMCID: PMC10778604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
For several decades, most lung cancer investigations have focused on the search for mutations in candidate genes; however, in the last decade, due to the fact that most of the human genome is occupied by sequences that do not code for proteins, much attention has been paid to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that perform regulatory functions. In this review, we principally focused on recent studies of the function, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of ncRNAs including microRNA (miRNA), long ncRNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) in different types of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gilyazova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Galiya Gimalova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Aigul Nizamova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Elmira Galimova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Ishbulatova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Urology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
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3
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Pustylnyak VO, Alekseenok EY, Perevalova AM, Kozlov VV, Gulyaeva LF. Tumor suppressor PTEN regulation by tobacco smoke in lung squamous-cell carcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19044. [PMID: 37609416 PMCID: PMC10440530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), is a tumor suppressor inactivated in a variety of human cancers. PTEN alteration correlates with lung squamous-cell carcinoma (LUSC) histology. However, it is still unclear how tobacco smoke regulates PTEN in LUSC tissues. In this study, we used free online databases and online tools to analyze PTEN expression and the role of smoking on PTEN alteration in patients with LUSC. We validated bioinformatics data by performing RT-PCR analysis using LUSC patient samples. Our results showed a correlation between the downregulation of PTEN in LUSC tissues compared to normal tissues and smoking exposure. In silico results using online platforms suggest that hsa-mir-301a down-regulates PTEN expression level in smoking patients with LUSC. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the PTEN expression was significantly decreased, whereas expression of hsa-mir-301a was up-regulated in the smoker cohort of LUSC tissue compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues. A significant negative correlation between PTEN and hsa-mir-301a levels was observed in tumour tissues in our cohort of LUSC patients. Our results suggest that the downregulation PTEN gene caused by tobacco smoke-mediated increase of hsa-mir-301a may play an important role in LUSC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir O. Pustylnyak
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Efim Y. Alekseenok
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Vadim V. Kozlov
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk Regional Oncology Center, 630108, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila F. Gulyaeva
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117, Novosibirsk, Russia
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4
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Sultana A, Alam MS, Liu X, Sharma R, Singla RK, Gundamaraju R, Shen B. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis, and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer by using comprehensive bioinformatics approaches. Transl Oncol 2023; 27:101571. [PMID: 36401966 PMCID: PMC9676382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Identification of gene biomarkers and their regulatory factors and signaling pathways is very essential to reveal the molecular mechanisms of NSCLC initiation and progression. Thus, the goal of this study is to identify gene biomarkers for NSCLC diagnosis and prognosis by using scRNA-seq data through bioinformatics techniques. scRNA-seq data were obtained from the GEO database to identify DEGs. A total of 158 DEGs (including 48 upregulated and 110 downregulated) were detected after gene integration. Gene Ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs were performed by FunRich software. A PPI network of DEGs was then constructed using the STRING database and visualized by Cytoscape software. We identified 12 key genes (KGs) including MS4A1, CCL5, and GZMB, by using two topological methods based on the PPI networking results. The diagnostic, expression, and prognostic potentials of the identified 12 key genes were assessed using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and a web-based tool, SurvExpress. From the regulatory network analysis, we extracted the 7 key transcription factors (TFs) (FOXC1, YY1, CEBPB, TFAP2A, SREBF2, RELA, and GATA2), and 8 key miRNAs (hsa-miR-124-3p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-449a, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-let-7b-5p, and hsa-miR-7-5p) associated with the KGs were evaluated. Functional enrichment and pathway analysis, survival analysis, ROC analysis, and regulatory network analysis highlighted crucial roles of the key genes. Our findings might play a significant role as candidate biomarkers in NSCLC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiba Sultana
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University Medical College, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Md Shahin Alam
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University Medical College, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Lab, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Non-coding genome in small cell lung cancer between theoretical view and clinical applications. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:237-250. [PMID: 35367369 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive cancer of the neuroendocrine system, characterized by poor differentiation, rapid growth, and poor overall survival (OS) of patients. Despite the recent advances in the treatment of SCLC recently, the 2-year survival rate of patients with the cancer is only 14-15%, occasioned by the acquired resistance to drugs and serious off-target effects. In humans, the coding region is only 2% of the total genome, and 20% of that is associated with human diseases. Beyond the coding genome are RNAs, promoters, enhancers, and other intricate elements. The non-coding regulatory regions, mainly the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), regulate numerous biological activities including cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. As such, they are potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, and also potential therapeutic targets for SCLC. Therefore, understanding how non-coding elements regulate SCLC development and progression holds significant clinical implications. Herein, we summarized the recent discoveries on the relationship between the non-coding elements including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNA (circRNA), enhancers as well as promotors, and the pathogenesis of SCLC and their potential clinical applications.
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6
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Ghahramani Almanghadim H, Ghorbian S, Khademi NS, Soleymani Sadrabadi M, Jarrahi E, Nourollahzadeh Z, Dastani M, Shirvaliloo M, Sheervalilou R, Sargazi S. New Insights into the Importance of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Cancer: Future Clinical Approaches. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1476-1494. [PMID: 34931869 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, a large part of the gene expression products come from the non-coding ribonucleotide sequences of the protein. These short and long sequences are within the range of tens to hundreds of nucleotides, encompassing more than 200 RNA molecules, and their function is known as the molecular structure of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). LncRNA molecules are unique nucleotides that have a substantial role in epigenetic regulation, transcription, and post-transcriptional modifications in different ways. According to the results of recent studies, lncRNAs have been shown to assume various roles, including tumor suppression or oncogenic functions in common types of cancer such as lung and breast cancer. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a pivotal role in activating transcription factors, managing the ribonucleoproteins, the framework for collecting co-proteins, intermittent processing regulations, chromatin status alterations, and maintaining the control within the cell. Cutting-edge technologies have been introduced to disclose several types of lncRNAs within the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which have accomplished important achievements that are applicable in medicine. Due to these efforts, various data centers have been created to facilitate and modify scientific information related to these molecules, including detection, classification, biological evolution, gene status, spatial structure, status, and location of these small molecules. In the present study, we attempt to present the impacts of these ncRNAs on lung cancer with an emphasis on their mechanisms and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Ghorbian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Nazanin Sadat Khademi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Jarrahi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Nourollahzadeh
- Department of Biological Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Masomeh Dastani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Alvanegh AG, Ganji SM, Kamel A, Tavallaie M, Rafati A, Arpanaei A, Dorostkar R, Ghaleh HEG. Comparison of oncolytic virotherapy and nanotherapy as two new miRNA delivery approaches in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111755. [PMID: 34044282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is known as the second leading cause of cancer death. Finding ways to detect early-stage lung cancer can remarkably increase the survival rate. Biomarkers such as microRNAs can be helpful in cancer diagnosis, predicting its prognosis, and patients' chances of survival. Numerous studies have confirmed the correlation between microRNA expression and the likelihood of patients surviving after treatment. Consequently, it is necessary to study the expression profile of microRNAs during and after treatment. Oncolytic virotherapy and nanotherapy are two neoteric methods that use various vectors to deliver microRNAs into cancer cells. Although these treatments have not yet entered into the clinical trials, much progress has been made in this area. Analyzing the expression profile of microRNAs after applying nanotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy can evaluate the effectiveness of these methods. This review refers to the studies conducted about these two approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods in delivery and affecting microRNA expression patterns are discussed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ghorbani Alvanegh
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Mohammad Ganji
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kamel
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmood Tavallaie
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rafati
- Instructor of Human Genetics, Laboratory Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Arpanaei
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Dorostkar
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Pandey M, Mukhopadhyay A, Sharawat SK, Kumar S. Role of microRNAs in regulating cell proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance and their applications as cancer biomarkers in small cell lung cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188552. [PMID: 33892053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a smoking-related highly aggressive neuroendocrine cancer, is characterized by rapid cell proliferation, early metastatic dissemination, and early relapse due to chemoresistance to first-line platinum-doublet chemotherapy. Genomically, SCLC tumors show nearly universal loss of TP53 and RB1 tumor suppressor genes, while gene expression signature classifies them into 4 distinct subgroups based on the expression patterns of lineage transcription factors - ASCL1/ASH1, NEUROD1, YAP-1, and POU2F3. Due to the lack of targetable molecular alterations and clinically useful diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarker, there is insignificant progress in the therapeutic management of SCLC patients. Numerous studies have shown a significant involvement of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of cell proliferation, invasion and migration, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemoresistance in various human cancers. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating the aforementioned biological process in SCLC. For this, we searched the scientific literature and selected studies that have evaluated the role of miRNAs in the disease pathogenesis or as a cancer biomarker in SCLC. Our review suggests that several miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of SCLC mainly by regulating cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Few studies have also demonstrated the clinical utility of miRNAs in monitoring response to chemotherapy as well as in predicting survival outcomes. However, more in-depth mechanistic studies utilizing in vivo models and multicentric studies with larger patient cohorts are needed before the applications of miRNAs as therapeutic targets or as biomarkers are translated from the laboratory into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Pandey
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Abhirup Mukhopadhyay
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Surender K Sharawat
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
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9
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Detassis S, Del Vescovo V, Grasso M, Masella S, Cantaloni C, Cima L, Cavazza A, Graziano P, Rossi G, Barbareschi M, Ricci L, Denti MA. miR375-3p Distinguishes Low-Grade Neuroendocrine From Non-neuroendocrine Lung Tumors in FFPE Samples. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:86. [PMID: 32528971 PMCID: PMC7263060 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is still one of the leading cause of death worldwide. The clinical variability of lung cancer is high and drives treatment decision. In this context, correct discrimination of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors is still of critical relevance. The spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors is various, and each type has molecular and phenotypical differences. In order to advance in the discrimination of neuroendocrine from non-neuroendocrine lung tumors, we tested a series of 95 surgically resected and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded lung cancer tissues, and we analyzed the expression of miR205-5p and miR375-3p via TaqMan RT-qPCR. Via a robust mathematical approach, we excluded technical outliers increasing the data reproducibility. We found that miR375-3p levels are higher in low-grade neuroendocrine lung tumor samples compared to non-neuroendocrine lung tumors. However, miR375-3p is not able to distinguish among different types of neuroendocrine lung tumors. In this work, we provide a new molecular marker for distinguishing non-neuroendocrine from low-grade neuroendocrine lung tumors samples establishing an easy miRNA score to be used in clinical settings, enabling the pathologist to classify more accurately lung tumors biopsies, which may be ambiguously cataloged in routine examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Detassis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valerio Del Vescovo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefania Masella
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Cantaloni
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Cima
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazza
- Unit of Surgical Pathology, AUSL/IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Paolo Graziano
- Unit of Pathologic Anatomy, Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Operative Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL della Romagna, Hospital Santa Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Ricci
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,CIMeC, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Michela Alessandra Denti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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10
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Huang J, Cao D, Sha J, Zhu X, Han S. DLL3 is regulated by LIN28B and miR-518d-5p and regulates cell proliferation, migration and chemotherapy response in advanced small cell lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:853-860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Li X, Zhong M, Wang J, Wang L, Lin Z, Cao Z, Huang Z, Zhang F, Li Y, Liu M, Ma X. miR-301a promotes lung tumorigenesis by suppressing Runx3. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:99. [PMID: 31122259 PMCID: PMC6532219 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous report demonstrated that genetic ablation of miR-301a reduces Kras-driven lung tumorigenesis in mice. However, the impact of miR-301a on host anti-tumor immunity remains unexplored. Here we assessed the underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-301a in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS The differentially expressed genes were identified by using deep sequencing. The immune cell counts, and cytokines expression were analyzed by realtime PCR, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The role of miR-301a/Runx3 in lung tumor was evaluated on cell growth, migration and invasion. The function of miR-301a/Runx3 in regulating tumor microenvironment and tumor metastasis were evaluated in Kras transgenic mice and B16/LLC1 syngeneic xenografts tumor models. RESULTS In this work, we identified 1166 up-regulated and 475 down-regulated differentially expressed genes in lung tumor tissues between KrasLA2 and miR-301a-/-; KrasLA2 mice. Immune response and cell cycle were major pathways involved in the protective role of miR-301a deletion in lung tumorigenesis. Overexpression of the miR-301a target, Runx3, was an early event identified in miR-301a-/-; KrasLA2 mice compared to WT-KrasLA2 mice. We found that miR-301a deletion enhanced CD8+ T cell accumulation and IFN-γ production in the tumor microenvironment and mediated antitumor immunity. Further studies revealed that miR-301a deficiency in the tumor microenvironment effectively reduced tumor metastasis by elevating Runx3 and recruiting CD8+ T cells, whereas miR-301a knockdown in tumor cells themselves restrained cell migration by elevating Runx3 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings further underscore that miR-301a facilitates tumor microenvironment antitumor immunity by Runx3 suppression in lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Mingtian Zhong
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Jiexuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Zhanwen Lin
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Zhi Cao
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Zhujuan Huang
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
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12
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Sun Y, Hu B, Wang Y, Li Z, Wu J, Yang Y, Wei Y, Peng X, Chen H, Chen R, Jiang P, Fang S, Yu Z, Guo L. miR-216a-5p inhibits malignant progression in small cell lung cancer: involvement of the Bcl-2 family proteins. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4735-4745. [PMID: 30425570 PMCID: PMC6201844 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s178380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective microRNAs are regulatory molecules regarded as important in the pathogenesis of different types of tumors. microRNA-216a (miR-216a-5p) has been identified as a tumor suppressor in multiple malignancies. However, the role of miR-216a-5p in the pathogenesis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains obscure. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the miR-216a-5p/Bcl-2 axis in SCLC pathogenesis. Materials and methods All the experimental methods used were as follows: microarray analysis, cell culture, transient, and stable gene transfection; real-time fluorescence PCR; Western blot; flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis; in vitro proliferation assay; in vitro wound healing experiment; in vivo xenograft model in nude mice; and dual luciferase reporter assay. All statistical analyses were carried out using GraphPad Prism 7 software. Statistical significance was analyzed by Student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA. P <0.05 (typically compared with the negative control group) was considered as significant and is marked with an asterisk in the figures. Results In this study, we observed that miR-216a-5p is downregulated in SCLC cell lines compared to that in the normal human bronchial epithelial cell line 16-HBE. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that upregulation of miR-216a-5p significantly decreased cell growth and migration and its downregulation increased SCLC cell proliferation and migration and influenced the cell cycle. Using bioinformatics analyses, we predicted that the important antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 is targeted by miR-216a-5p, and we identified a functional miR-216a-5p binding site in the 3′-UTR of Bcl-2 using luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, we determined that suppression of miR-216a-5p modulated the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and Bad proteins (Bcl-2 family proteins), while Bcl-2 knockdown abrogated the effect of miR-216a-5p downregulation on cell proliferation, cell migration, and the cell cycle. Conclusion Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-216a-5p regulates SCLC biology via Bcl-2 family proteins. Therefore, our study highlights the role of the miR-216a-5p/Bcl-2 axis in SCLC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Sun
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bingshuang Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Jinxiang People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jingfang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Yunchu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Yue Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hongling Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Rongqi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Pingyan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Sixian Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhiwu Yu
- Division of Laboratory Science, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlang Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
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13
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Lu S, Kong H, Hou Y, Ge D, Huang W, Ou J, Yang D, Zhang L, Wu G, Song Y, Zhang X, Zhai C, Wang Q, Zhu H, Wu Y, Bai C. Two plasma microRNA panels for diagnosis and subtype discrimination of lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2018; 123:44-51. [PMID: 30089594 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early and accurate diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial for effective treatment. This study aimed to identify plasma microRNAs for diagnosis of lung cancer and for further discrimination of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma microRNA expression was investigated using three independent cohorts including 1132 participants recruited between October 2008 and September 2014 from five medical centers. The subjects were healthy individuals and patients with NSCLC or SCLC. Microarrays were used to screen 723 human microRNAs in 106 plasma samples for candidate selection. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR was applied to evaluate the expression of selected microRNAs. Two logistic regression models were constructed based on a training cohort (n = 565) and then validated using an independent cohort (n = 461). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Plasma panel A with six microRNAs (miR-17, miR-190b, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-26b, and miR-375) provided high diagnostic accuracy in discriminating lung cancer patients from healthy individuals (AUC 0.873 and 0.868 for training and validation cohort, respectively). Moreover, plasma panel B with three microRNAs (miR-17, miR-190b, and miR-375) demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy in discriminating SCLC from NSCLC (AUC 0.878 and 0.869 for training and validation cohort, respectively). CONCLUSION We constructed and validated two plasma microRNA panels that have considerable clinical value in diagnosis of lung cancer, and could play an important role in determining optimal treatment strategies based on discrimination between SCLC and NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Lu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxian Ou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guoming Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Changwen Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Jiang Y, Liu B, Yu L, Yan C, Bian H. Predict MiRNA-Disease Association with Collaborative Filtering. Neuroinformatics 2018; 16:363-372. [DOI: 10.1007/s12021-018-9386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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15
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Uddin A, Chakraborty S. Role of miRNAs in lung cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29676470 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths all over the world, among both men and women, with an incidence of over 200,000 new cases per year coupled with a very high mortality rate. LC comprises of two major clinicopathological categories: small-cell (SCLC) and nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs, usually 18-25 nucleotides long, which repress protein translation through binding to complementary target mRNAs. The miRNAs regulate many biological processes including cell cycle regulation, cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, neuronal patterning, and aging. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs expression in LC. It also provides information about the miRNAs as biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer. Understanding the role of miRNAs in LC may provide insights into the diagnosis and treatment strategy for LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Uddin
- Department of Zoology, Moinul Hoque Choudhury Memorial Science College, Algapur, Hailakandi, Assam, India
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16
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Zeng Y, Zhu J, Shen D, Qin H, Lei Z, Li W, Liu Z, Huang JA. MicroRNA-205 targets SMAD4 in non-small cell lung cancer and promotes lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30817-30829. [PMID: 28199217 PMCID: PMC5458170 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains poor; therefore, improved understanding of the disease mechanism and novel treatment strategies are needed. Downregulation of SMAD4 and dysregulated expression of miR-205 have been reported. However, the relationship between them remains unclear. We investigated the effect of microRNA (miR)-205 on the expression of SMAD4 in NSCLC. Knockdown and overexpression of SMAD4 promoted or suppressed cellular viability and proliferation, and accelerated or inhibited the cell cycle in NSCLC cells, respectively. The 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of SMAD4 was predicted as a target of miR-205. Luciferase assays validated that miR-205 binds directly to the SMAD4 3′-UTR. Protein and mRNA expression analyses confirmed that miR-205 overexpression in NSCLC cells inhibited the expression of SMAD4 mRNA and protein. In human NSCLC tissues, increased miR-205 expression was observed frequently and was inversely correlated with decreased SMAD4 expression. Ectopic expression of miR-205 in NSCLC cells suppressed cellular viability and proliferation, accelerated the cell cycle, and promoted tumor growth of lung carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Our study showed that miR-205 decreased SMAD4 expression, thus promoting NSCLC cell growth. Our findings highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting miR-205 in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianjie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dan Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hualong Qin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Lei
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
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17
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MicroRNA7 expression in exhaled breath condensate of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A potential biomarker? EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Yang Y, Ding L, Hu Q, Xia J, Sun J, Wang X, Xiong H, Gurbani D, Li L, Liu Y, Liu A. MicroRNA-218 functions as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer by targeting IL-6/STAT3 and negatively correlates with poor prognosis. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:141. [PMID: 28830450 PMCID: PMC5567631 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of microRNAs in different human cancer types has been widely reported. MiR-218 acts as a tumor suppressor in diverse human cancer types impacting regulation of multiple genes in oncogenic pathways. Here, we evaluated the expression and function of miR-218 in human lung cancer and ALDH positive lung cancer cells to understand the potential mechanisms responsible for disease pathology. Also, the association between its host genes and the target genes could be useful towards the better understanding of prognosis in clinical settings. Methods Publicly-available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was mined to compare the levels of miR-218 and its host gene SLIT2/3 between lung cancer tissues and normal lung tissues. Transfection of miR-218 to investigate its function in lung cancer cells was done and in vivo effects were determined using miR-218 expressing lentiviruses. Aldefluor assay and Flow cytometry was used to quantify and enrich ALDH positive lung cancer cells. Levels of miR-218, IL-6R, JAK3 and phosphorylated STAT3 were compared in ALDH1A1 positive and ALDH1A1 negative cells. Overexpression of miR-218 in ALDH positive cells was carried to test the survival by tumorsphere culture. Finally, utilizing TCGA data we studied the association of target genes of miR-218 with the prognosis of lung cancer. Results We observed that the expression of miR-218 was significantly down-regulated in lung cancer tissues compared to normal lung tissues. Overexpression of miR-218 decreased cell proliferation, invasion, colony formation, and tumor sphere formation in vitro and repressed tumor growth in vivo. We further found that miR-218 negatively regulated IL-6 receptor and JAK3 gene expression by directly targeting the 3′-UTR of their mRNAs. In addition, the levels of both miR-218 host genes and the components of IL-6/STAT3 pathway correlated with prognosis of lung cancer patients. Conclusions MiR-218 acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer via IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0710-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Experimental Medicine Center of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Department of Pediatrics of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Hu
- Department of Pediatrics of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xia
- Department of Pediatrics of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Sun
- Department of Pediatrics of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hua Xiong
- Department of Oncology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Deepak Gurbani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lianbo Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Aiguo Liu
- Department of Pediatrics of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Ruiz-Ceja KA, Chirino YI. Current FDA-approved treatments for non-small cell lung cancer and potential biomarkers for its detection. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:24-37. [PMID: 28340378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading worldwide cancer with almost 1.5 million deaths every year. Some drugs for lung cancer treatment have been available on the market for decades, but novel drugs have emerged promising better outcomes, especially for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), which represents 75% of lung cancer cases. However, how much do drugs have evolved for NSCLC treatment? Are they sharing the same mechanism of action? AIM In this review we analyzed how the approved drugs by Federal Drug Agency for NSCLC have advanced in the last four decades identifying shared mechanism of action of medicines against NSCLC treatment and some of the potential biomarkers for early detection. RESULTS Cisplatin and its derivatives are still the most used therapy in combination with some other more specific drugs. However, increasing the survival rates seems to be a great challenge and research is moving into early detection through biomarkers but also trying to identify molecules such as those derived from the immune system, cell-free DNA, non-coding RNAs, but also polymorphisms to detect early tumor formation. CONCLUSIONS Cisplatin and derivatives have been one of the most successful therapies in spite of their side effects and low specificity. Some of the drugs developed after cisplatin discovery, have been targeted the epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, programmed cell death 1 ligand and vascular endothelial growth factor. Since none of the pharmacological treatments in combination with radiation/surgery have extended dramatically the survival rate, research is now focused in early cancer detection in combination with precision medicine, which attempts to treat patients individually according to their stage and tumor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla A Ruiz-Ceja
- Licenciatura en Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059, Estado de México, Mexico.
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20
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Effects of miR-338 on morphine tolerance by targeting CXCR4 in a rat model of bone cancer pain. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160517. [PMID: 28108674 PMCID: PMC5350600 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-338 on morphine tolerance through the targeting of CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) in a rat model of bone cancer pain (BCP). Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were obtained and divided into model saline (n=10), model morphine (n=50), normal saline (n=10) and normal morphine (healthy rats, n=10) groups. After BCP rat model establishment, the remaining SD rats (n=40) in the model saline group were assigned into pLV-THM-miR-338, pLV-THM-anti-miR-338, CXCR4 shRNA, blank and PBS groups. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used for luciferase activity. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to detect the miR-338 and CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression. The model saline group showed increased mRNA and protein expressions of CXCR4 but decreased miR-338 compared with the model saline group, and the model morphine group had increased mRNA and protein expressions of CXCR4 but decreased miR-338 compared with the model saline group. The mRNA and protein expressions of miR-338 in the pLV-THM-miR-338 group increased remarkably while those of the pLV-THM-anti-miR-338 group decreased significantly compared with the CXCR4 shRNA, blank and PBS groups. The pLV-THM-miR-338, pLV-THM-anti-miR-338, CXCR4 shRNA and CXCR4 mRNA groups all had lower mRNA and protein expressions of CXCR4 than those in the blank and PBS groups. miR-338 exerts significant influence in the inhibition of morphine tolerance by suppressing CXCR4 in BCP.
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21
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Kunz M, Wolf B, Schulze H, Atlan D, Walles T, Walles H, Dandekar T. Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Cancer: Contribution of Bioinformatics Analysis to the Development of Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tools. Genes (Basel) 2016; 8:E8. [PMID: 28035947 PMCID: PMC5295003 DOI: 10.3390/genes8010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer related mortality due to late diagnosis and limited treatment intervention. Non-coding RNAs are not translated into proteins and have emerged as fundamental regulators of gene expression. Recent studies reported that microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are involved in lung cancer development and progression. Moreover, they appear as new promising non-invasive biomarkers for early lung cancer diagnosis. Here, we highlight their potential as biomarker in lung cancer and present how bioinformatics can contribute to the development of non-invasive diagnostic tools. For this, we discuss several bioinformatics algorithms and software tools for a comprehensive understanding and functional characterization of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meik Kunz
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Beat Wolf
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Perolles 80, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - David Atlan
- Phenosystems SA, 137 Rue de Tubize, 1440 Braine le Château, Belgium.
| | - Thorsten Walles
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Heike Walles
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Translational Center Wuerzburg "Regenerative therapies in oncology and musculoskeletal disease" Wuerzburg branch of the Fraunhofer Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Roentgenring 11, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
- BioComputing Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Liu F, Yu X, Huang H, Chen X, Wang J, Zhang X, Lin Q. Upregulation of microRNA-450 inhibits the progression of lung cancer in vitro and in vivo by targeting interferon regulatory factor 2. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:283-90. [PMID: 27246609 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non‑coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in human lung cancer development. The majority of studies have focused on either non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In the present study, we investigated a plausible mechanism of action of miR‑450 in these types of lung cancer. We found that the level of miR‑450 was decreased in lung cancer cell lines, as well as in solid tumors. As exemplified in the H510A (SCLC) and H2291 (NSCLC) cells, transfection with lentivirus carrying miR‑450 upregulated miR‑450 expression and significantly attenuated lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion, as well as the growth of implantated tumors. Interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) was also verified to be a direct target of miR‑450 in lung cancer cells. The overexpression of IRF2 in the H510A and H2291 cells abrogated the inhibitory effects of miR‑450 on lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Taken together, in this study, we identified a novel role of miR‑450 in lung cancer. miR-450 targets IRF2 and thus supresses lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Haihua Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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23
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Zeng Y, Zhu J, Shen D, Qin H, Lei Z, Li W, Huang JA, Liu Z. Repression of Smad4 by miR‑205 moderates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cell lines. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:700-8. [PMID: 27279345 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays important roles in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is the key event in the early stages of cancer metastasis and enhances the capability of cell migration and invasion. Smad4 acts as the only Co-Smad of TGF/Smad signaling pathway and plays the key role in TGF-β-mediated EMT. Nevertheless, the mRNA regulation mechanisms of Smad4 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains largely unclear. Computational algorithms predicted that the 3'-UTR of Smad4 is a target of miR‑205. Here, we validated that miR‑205 could directly bind to 3'-UTR of Smad4 by luciferase assays. Moreover, we investigated the functional roles of miR‑205 and its molecular link to Smad4 in lung cancer cells. In this study, we confirmed that overexpression of miR‑205 suppressed the expression of Smad4, in turn, weakened the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and inhibited TGF-β/Smad4-induced EMT, invasion and migration ultimately. Furthermore, this study shows that miR‑205 can serve as a promising therapeutic target of highly aggressive NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dan Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hualong Qin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Lei
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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24
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Naidu S, Garofalo M. microRNAs: An Emerging Paradigm in Lung Cancer Chemoresistance. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:77. [PMID: 26583081 PMCID: PMC4631988 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is considered the most deadly of all cancers, with limited therapeutic options. Although advanced drugs have been tried in clinic, the therapeutic success has largely been hampered due to rapid development of drug-resistance mechanisms. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, have occupied center stage in cancer biology. miRNAs negatively regulate gene expression either by promoting degradation or by interfering with translation of messenger RNA targets. Several lines of evidence have confirmed the crucial role of miRNAs in carcinogenesis, and, importantly, in the acquisition of resistance to chemotherapeutics. Modulation of miRNA expression levels has been proven to increase the efficacy of genotoxic drugs in various preclinical cancer studies. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of the role(s) of these key players in drug resistance may provide novel opportunities to design effective combinatorial therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In this review, we highlight recent findings on miRNAs acting as oncomiRs and tumor suppressor genes in lung cancer. Moreover, we discuss the involvement of miRNAs in different mechanisms of drug resistance in this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivatsava Naidu
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michela Garofalo
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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25
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Non-coding RNA: a new tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 10:28-37. [PMID: 25654726 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, novel classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been discovered, which are implicated in diverse functional and regulatory activities. Growing evidence indicates that deregulated ncRNAs play crucial roles in the onset and progression of cancer, including small-cell lung cancer. In this review, we highlight nearly all of the findings regarding the roles and the possible mechanisms of ncRNAs as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in small-cell lung cancer. Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers, their significant contribution to the prognosis, and their functions in regulating the response to therapy.
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26
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Ma X, Yan F, Deng Q, Li F, Lu Z, Liu M, Wang L, Conklin DJ, McCracken J, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A, Li Y. Modulation of tumorigenesis by the pro-inflammatory microRNA miR-301a in mouse models of lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Cell Discov 2015; 1:15005. [PMID: 27462406 PMCID: PMC4860842 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer and colorectal cancer account for over one-third of all cancer deaths in the United States. MicroRNA-301a (miR-301a) is an activator of both nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Stat3, and is overexpressed in both deadly malignancies. In this work, we show that genetic ablation of miR-301a reduces Kras-driven lung tumorigenesis in mice. And miR-301a deficiency protects animals from dextran sodium sulfate-induced colon inflammation and colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis. We also demonstrate that miR-301a deletion in bone marrow-derived cells attenuates tumor growth in the colon carcinogenesis model. Our findings ascertain that one microRNA—miR-301a—activates two major inflammatory pathways (NF-κB and Stat3) in vivo, generating a pro-inflammatory microenvironment that facilitates tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qipan Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Fenge Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zhongxin Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan , Wuhan, China
| | - Mofang Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Municipal People's Hospital, Jinan University of Medical Sciences , Shenzhen, China
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - James McCracken
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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27
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Niederst MJ, Sequist LV, Poirier JT, Mermel CH, Lockerman EL, Garcia AR, Katayama R, Costa C, Ross KN, Moran T, Howe E, Fulton LE, Mulvey HE, Bernardo LA, Mohamoud F, Miyoshi N, VanderLaan PA, Costa DB, Jänne PA, Borger DR, Ramaswamy S, Shioda T, Iafrate AJ, Getz G, Rudin CM, Mino-Kenudson M, Engelman JA. RB loss in resistant EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinomas that transform to small-cell lung cancer. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6377. [PMID: 25758528 PMCID: PMC4357281 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective treatments for non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. However, relapse typically occurs after an average of 1 year of continuous treatment. A fundamental histological transformation from NSCLC to small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is observed in a subset of the resistant cancers, but the molecular changes associated with this transformation remain unknown. Analysis of tumour samples and cell lines derived from resistant EGFR mutant patients revealed that Retinoblastoma (RB) is lost in 100% of these SCLC transformed cases, but rarely in those that remain NSCLC. Further, increased neuroendocrine marker and decreased EGFR expression as well as greater sensitivity to BCL2 family inhibition are observed in resistant SCLC transformed cancers compared with resistant NSCLCs. Together, these findings suggest that this subset of resistant cancers ultimately adopt many of the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of classical SCLC. Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors occurs in treatments of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with EGFR mutations but the mechanisms underlying this acquired resistance are unknown. Here the authors examine the molecular changes that occur in resistant cancers that transition from NSCLC to small-cell lung cancer phenotype and implicate loss of retinoblastoma in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Niederst
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - John T Poirier
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Thoracic Oncology Service, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Craig H Mermel
- 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cancer Genome Comparative Analysis Group, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Lockerman
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Angel R Garcia
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Carlotta Costa
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth N Ross
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Teresa Moran
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Emily Howe
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Linnea E Fulton
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hillary E Mulvey
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lindsay A Bernardo
- 1] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Farhiya Mohamoud
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Norikatsu Miyoshi
- 1] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Molecular Profiling Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Paul A VanderLaan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Daniel B Costa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Belfer Institute of Applied Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Darrell R Borger
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cancer Genome Comparative Analysis Group, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Toshi Shioda
- 1] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Molecular Profiling Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Anthony J Iafrate
- 1] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- 1] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cancer Genome Comparative Analysis Group, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Thoracic Oncology Service, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- 1] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- 1] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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28
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Non-small-cell lung cancer and miRNAs: novel biomarkers and promising tools for treatment. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:619-34. [PMID: 25760961 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with approximately 80–85% of cases being non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level by either degradation or inhibition of the translation of target genes. Evidence is mounting that miRNAs exert pivotal effects in the development and progression of human malignancies, including NSCLC. A better understanding of the role that miRNAs play in the disease will contribute to the development of new diagnostic biomarkers and individualized therapeutic tools. In the present review, we briefly describe the role of miRNAs in NSCLC as well as the possible future of these discoveries in clinical applications.
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29
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Borkowski R, Du L, Zhao Z, McMillan E, Kosti A, Yang CR, Suraokar M, Wistuba II, Gazdar AF, Minna JD, White MA, Pertsemlidis A. Genetic mutation of p53 and suppression of the miR-17∼92 cluster are synthetic lethal in non-small cell lung cancer due to upregulation of vitamin D Signaling. Cancer Res 2014; 75:666-75. [PMID: 25519225 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related fatalities. Recent success developing genotypically targeted therapies, with potency only in well-defined subpopulations of tumors, suggests a path to improving patient survival. We used a library of oligonucleotide inhibitors of microRNAs, a class of posttranscriptional gene regulators, to identify novel synthetic lethal interactions between miRNA inhibition and molecular mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Two inhibitors, those for miR-92a and miR-1226*, produced a toxicity distribution across a panel of 27 cell lines that correlated with loss of p53 protein expression. Notably, depletion of p53 was sufficient to confer sensitivity to otherwise resistant telomerase-immortalized bronchial epithelial cells. We found that both miR inhibitors cause sequence-specific downregulation of the miR-17∼92 polycistron, and this downregulation was toxic only in the context of p53 loss. Mechanistic studies indicated that the selective toxicity of miR-17∼92 polycistron inactivation was the consequence of derepression of vitamin D signaling via suppression of CYP24A1, a rate-limiting enzyme in the 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolic pathway. Of note, high CYP24A1 expression significantly correlated with poor patient outcome in multiple lung cancer cohorts. Our results indicate that the screening approach used in this study can identify clinically relevant synthetic lethal interactions and that vitamin D receptor agonists may show enhanced efficacy in p53-negative lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Borkowski
- Division of Basic Sciences, Southwestern Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Liqin Du
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Zhenze Zhao
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Elizabeth McMillan
- Division of Basic Sciences, Southwestern Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Adam Kosti
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Milind Suraokar
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas. Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas. Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - John D Minna
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas. Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas. Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas. Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael A White
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas. Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Alexander Pertsemlidis
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
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30
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Liang H, Liu M, Yan X, Zhou Y, Wang W, Wang X, Fu Z, Wang N, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zen K, Zhang CY, Hou D, Li J, Chen X. miR-193a-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer by down-regulating ERBB4. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:926-40. [PMID: 25391651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB4, one of four ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase family members, plays an important role in the etiology and progression of lung cancer. In this study, we found that the ERBB4 protein levels were consistently up-regulated in lung cancer tissues, whereas the mRNA levels varied randomly, suggesting that a post-transcriptional mechanism was involved in regulating ERBB4 expression. Because microRNAs are powerful post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, we used bioinformatic analyses to search for microRNAs that can potentially target ERBB4. We identified specific targeting sites for miR-193a-3p in the 3'-UTR of ERBB4. We further identified an inverse correlation between miR-193a-3p levels and ERBB4 protein levels, but not mRNA levels, in lung cancer tissue samples. By overexpressing or knocking down miR-193a-3p in lung cancer cells, we experimentally confirmed that miR-193a-3p directly recognizes the 3'-UTR of the ERBB4 transcript and regulates ERBB4 expression. Furthermore, the biological consequences of the targeting of ERBB4 by miR-193a-3p were examined in vitro via cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis assays and in vivo using a mouse xenograft tumor model. We demonstrated that the repression of ERBB4 by miR-193a-3p suppressed proliferation and invasion and promoted apoptosis in lung cancer cells and that miR-193a-3p exerted an anti-tumor effect by negatively regulating ERBB4 in xenograft mice. Taken together, our findings provide the first clues regarding the role of miR-193a-3p as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer through the inhibition of ERBB4 translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liang
- From the Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- From the Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Xin Yan
- the Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital affiliated with Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China, and
| | - Yong Zhou
- the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated with Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Wengong Wang
- the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated with Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xueliang Wang
- From the Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- From the Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Nan Wang
- From the Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Suyang Zhang
- From the Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- From the Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Ke Zen
- From the Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- From the Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Dongxia Hou
- From the Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China,
| | - Jing Li
- From the Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China,
| | - Xi Chen
- From the Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China,
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Ding G, Huang G, Liu HD, Liang HX, Ni YF, Ding ZH, Ni GY, Hua HW. MiR-199a suppresses the hypoxia-induced proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells through targeting HIF1α. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 384:173-80. [PMID: 24022342 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are involved in the carcinogenesis of various cancers, including lung cancer. HIF1a has been suggested to be a master regulator of hypoxia-induced cell proliferation. The relationship between HIF1a expression and the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not fully understood, and whether HIF1a expression is regulated by miRNAs in this process remains unclear. In this study, we found that the upregulation of HIF1a expression and the reduction in miR-199a levels were highly associated with NSCLC progression. NSCLC cells derived from cancer tissues with low miR-199a levels showed high HIF1a expression and high proliferation capacity. Moreover, HIF1a and glycolysis inhibitors suppress the proliferation of NSCLC cells. MiR-199a overexpression suppressed the hypoxia-induced proliferation of NSCLC cells through targeting elevated HIF1a and blocking the downstream upregulation of PDK1 without affecting AKT activation. Together, these results indicate that downregulation of miR-199a is essential for hypoxia-induced proliferation through derepressing the expression of HIF1a expression and affecting HIF1a mediated glycolytic pathway in NSCLC progression.
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Leidinger P, Backes C, Blatt M, Keller A, Huwer H, Lepper P, Bals R, Meese E. The blood-borne miRNA signature of lung cancer patients is independent of histology but influenced by metastases. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:202. [PMID: 25175044 PMCID: PMC4156643 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In our previous studies we reported a panel of 24 miRNAs that allowed discrimination between blood of lung tumor patients independent of the histological subtype and blood of healthy controls with an accuracy of 95.4% [94.9%-95.9%]. Here, we now separately analyzed the miRNA expression in blood of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including squamous cell lung cancer and adenocarcinoma, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Patients and methods In total, we examined the expression levels of 1,205 miRNAs in blood samples from 20 patients from each of the three histological groups and determined differentially expressed miRNAs between histological subtypes and metastatic and non-metastatic lung cancer. We further determined the overlap of miRNAs expressed in each subgroup with the 24-miRNA signature of lung tumor patients. Results Based on a raw p-value < 0.05, only 18 blood-borne miRNAs were differentially expressed between patients with adenocarcinoma and with squamous cell lung carcinoma, 11 miRNAs between adenocarcinoma and SCLC, and 2 between squamous cell lung carcinoma and SCLC. Likewise, the comparison based on a fold change of 1.5 did not reveal major differences of the blood-borne miRNA expression pattern between NSCLC and SCLC. In addition, we found a large overlap between the blood-borne miRNAs detected in the three histological subgroups and the previously described 24-miRNA signature that separates lung cancer patients form controls. We identified several miRNAs that allowed differentiating between metastatic and non-metastatic tumors both in blood of patients with adenocarcinoma and in blood of patients with SCLC. Conclusion There is a common miRNA expression pattern in blood of lung cancer patients that does not allow a reliable further subtyping into NSCLC or SCLC, or into adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung cancer. The previously described 24-miRNA signature for lung cancer appears not primarily dependent on histological subtypes. However, metastatic adenocarcinoma and SCLC can be predicted with 75% accuracy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-202) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Leidinger
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, Saarland University, Building 60, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany.
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Serum markers in small cell lung cancer: opportunities for improvement. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:255-72. [PMID: 23796706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death from malignancy worldwide. In particular small cell lung cancers, which comprise about 15-20% of all lung cancers, are extremely aggressive and cure rates are extremely low. Therefore, new treatment modalities are needed and detection at an early stage of disease, as well as adequate monitoring of treatment response is essential in order to improve outcome. In this respect, the use of non-invasive tools for screening and monitoring has gained increasing interest and the clinical applicability of reliable, tumor-related substances that can be detected as tumor markers in easily accessible body fluids is subject of intense investigation. Some of these indicators, such as high LDH levels in serum as a reflection of the disease, have been in use for a long time as a general tumor marker. To allow for improved monitoring of the efficacy of new therapeutic modalities and for accurate subtyping, there is a strong need for specific and sensitive markers that are more directly related to the biology and behavior of small cell lung cancer. In this review the current status of these potential markers, like CEA, NSE, ProGRP, CK-BB, SCC, CgA, NCAM and several cytokeratins will be critically analyzed with respect to their performance in blood based assays. Based on known cleavage sites for cytoplasmic and extracellular proteases, a prediction of stable fragments can be obtained and used for optimal test design. Furthermore, insight into the synthesis of specific splice variants and neo-epitopes resulting from protein modification and cleavage, offers further opportunities for improvement of tumor assays. Finally, we discuss the possibility that detection of SCLC related autoantibodies in paraneoplastic disease can be used as a very early indicator of SCLC.
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Markou A, Sourvinou I, Vorkas PA, Yousef GM, Lianidou E. Clinical evaluation of microRNA expression profiling in non small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2013; 81:388-396. [PMID: 23756108 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of miRNAs expression levels has been detected in many human tumor types, and recent studies have demonstrated the critical roles of miRNAs in cancer pathogenesis. Numerous recent studies have shown that miRNAs are rapidly released from tissues into the circulation in many pathological conditions. The high relative stability of miRNAs in biofluids such as plasma and serum, and the ability of miRNA expression profiles to accurately classify discrete tissue types and disease states have positioned miRNAs as promising non-invasive new tumor biomarkers. In this study, we used liquid bead array technology (Luminex) to profile the expression of 320 mature miRNAs in a pilot testing group of 19 matched fresh frozen cancerous and non-cancerous tissues from NSCLC patients. We further validated our results by RT-qPCR for differentially expressed miRNAs in an independent group of 40 matched fresh frozen tissues, 37 plasma samples from NSCLC patients and 28 healthy donors. We found that eight miRNAs (miR-21, miR-30d, miR-451, miR-10a, miR-30e-5p and miR-126*, miR-126, miR-145) were differentially expressed by three different statistical analysis approaches. Two of them (miR-10a and miR-30e-5p) are reported here for the first time. Bead-array results were further verified in an independent group of 40 matched fresh frozen tissues by RT-qPCR. According to RT-qPCR miR-21 was significantly up-regulated (P = 0.010), miR-126* (P = 0.002), miR-30d (P = 0.012), miR-30e-5p (P < 0.001) and miR-451 (P < 0.001) were down-regulated, while miR-10a was not differentiated (P = 0.732) in NSCLC tissues. However, in NSCLC plasma samples, only three of these miRNAs (miR-21, miR-10a, and miR-30e-5p) displayed differential expression when compared to plasma of healthy donors. High expression of miR-21 was associated with DFI and OS both in NSCLC tissues (P = 0.022 and P = 0.037) and plasma (P = 0.045 and P = 0.065), respectively. Moreover, we report for the first time that low expression of miR-10a in NSCLC plasma samples was associated with worse DFI (P = 0.050) and high expression of miR-30e-5p was found to be associated with shorter OS (P = 0.048). In conclusion, circulating miR-21, miR-10a and miR-30e-5p in plasma should be further evaluated as potential non-invasive biomarkers in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Markou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Sourvinou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - P A Vorkas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - E Lianidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Vannini I, Fanini F, Fabbri M. MicroRNAs as lung cancer biomarkers and key players in lung carcinogenesis. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:918-25. [PMID: 23396164 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and few genetic markers enable to evaluate lung cancer risk. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression during various cell processes such as apoptosis, differentiation and development. In these last years, many works confirm a role for miRNAs in the initiation and progression of lung cancer. miRNA profiling has the potential to classify tumors with high accuracy and predict outcome. Here, we describe the roles of miRNA in lung carcinogenesis and the possibility to use them as biological markers for diagnostic, prognostic and predictive purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vannini
- IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori I.R.S.T. S.r.l., Meldola, 47014 FC, Italy
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Huang W, Hu J, Yang DW, Fan XT, Jin Y, Hou YY, Wang JP, Yuan YF, Tan YS, Zhu XZ, Bai CX, Wu Y, Zhu HG, Lu SH. Two microRNA panels to discriminate three subtypes of lung carcinoma in bronchial brushing specimens. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:1160-7. [PMID: 23043084 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201203-0534oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Effective treatment for lung cancer requires accuracy in subclassification of carcinoma subtypes. OBJECTIVES To identify microRNAs in bronchial brushing specimens for discriminating small cell lung cancer (SCLC) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and for further differentiating squamous cell carcinoma (SQ) from adenocarcinoma (AC). METHODS Microarrays were used to screen 723 microRNAs in laser-captured, microdissected cancer cells from 82 snap-frozen surgical lung specimens. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed on 153 macrodissected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) surgical lung specimens to evaluate seven microRNA candidates discovered from microarrays. Two microRNA panels were constructed on the basis of a training cohort (n = 85) and validated using an independent cohort (n = 68). The microRNA panels were applied as differentiators of SCLC from NSCLC and of SQ from AC in 207 bronchial brushing specimens. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Two microRNA panels yielded high diagnostic accuracy in discriminating SCLC from NSCLC (miR-29a and miR-375; area under the curve [AUC], 0.991 and 0.982 for training and validation data set, respectively) and in differentiating SQ from AC (miR-205 and miR-34a; AUC, 0.977 and 0.982 for training and validation data set, respectively) in FFPE surgical lung specimens. Moreover, the microRNA panels accurately differentiated SCLC from NSCLC (AUC, 0.947) and SQ from AC (AUC, 0.962) in bronchial brushing specimens. CONCLUSIONS We found two microRNA panels that accurately discriminated between the three subtypes of lung carcinoma in bronchial brushing specimens. The identified microRNA panels may have considerable clinical value in differential diagnosis and optimizing treatment strategies based on lung cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Enfield KSS, Pikor LA, Martinez VD, Lam WL. Mechanistic Roles of Noncoding RNAs in Lung Cancer Biology and Their Clinical Implications. GENETICS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:737416. [PMID: 22852089 PMCID: PMC3407615 DOI: 10.1155/2012/737416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer biology has traditionally focused on genomic and epigenomic deregulation of protein-coding genes to identify oncogenes and tumor suppressors diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Another important layer of cancer biology has emerged in the form of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are major regulators of key cellular processes such as proliferation, RNA splicing, gene regulation, and apoptosis. In the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have moved to the forefront of ncRNA cancer research, while the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is emerging. Here we review the mechanisms by which miRNAs and lncRNAs are deregulated in lung cancer, the technologies that can be applied to detect such alterations, and the clinical potential of these RNA species. An improved comprehension of lung cancer biology will come through the understanding of the interplay between deregulation of non-coding RNAs, the protein-coding genes they regulate, and how these interactions influence cellular networks and signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katey S. S. Enfield
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z1L3
| | - Larissa A. Pikor
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z1L3
| | - Victor D. Martinez
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T2B5
| | - Wan L. Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z1L3
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T2B5
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Molecular and cellular biology of neuroendocrine lung tumors: evidence for separate biological entities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1826:255-71. [PMID: 22579738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are traditionally described as comprising a spectrum of neoplasms, ranging from low grade typical carcinoids (TCs) via the intermediate grade atypical carcinoids (ACs) to the highly malignant small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs). Recent data, however, suggests that two categories can be distinguished on basis of molecular and clinical data, i.e. the high grade neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas and the carcinoid tumors. Bronchial carcinoids and SCLCs may originate from the same pulmonary NE precursor cells, but a precursor lesion has only been observed in association with carcinoids, termed diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. The occurrence of mixed tumors exclusively comprising high grade NE carcinomas also supports a different carcinogenesis for these two groups. Histopathologically, high grade NE lung tumors are characterized by high mitotic and proliferative indices, while carcinoids are defined by maximally 10 mitoses per 2mm(2) (10 high-power fields) and rarely have Ki67-proliferative indices over 10%. High grade NE carcinomas are chemosensitive tumors, although they usually relapse. Surgery is often not an option due to extensive disease at presentation and early metastasis, especially in SCLC. Conversely, carcinoids are often insensitive to chemo- and radiation therapy, but cure can usually be achieved by surgery. A meta-analysis of comparative genomic hybridization studies performed for this review, as well as gene expression profiling data indicates separate clustering of carcinoids and carcinomas. Chromosomal aberrations are much more frequent in carcinomas, except for deletion of 11q, which is involved in the whole spectrum of NE lung tumors. Deletions of chromosome 3p are rare in carcinoids but are a hallmark of the high grade pulmonary NE carcinomas. On the contrary, mutations of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene are restricted to carcinoid tumors. Many of the differences between carcinoids and high grade lung NETs can be ascribed to tobacco consumption, which is strongly linked to the occurrence of high grade NE carcinomas. Smoking causes p53 mutations, very frequently present in SCLCs and LCNECs, but rarely in carcinoids. It further results in other early genetic events in SCLCs and LCNECs, such as 3p and 17p deletions. Smoking induces downregulation of E-cadherin and associated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Also, high grade lung NETs display higher frequencies of aberrations of the Rb pathway, and of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic routes. Carcinoid biology on the other hand is not depending on cigarette smoke intake but rather characterized by aberrations of other specific genetic events, probably including Menin or its targets and interaction partners. This results in a gradual evolution, most likely from proliferating pulmonary NE cells via hyperplasia and tumorlets towards classical carcinoid tumors. We conclude that carcinoids and high grade NE lung carcinomas are separate biological entities and do not comprise one spectrum of pulmonary NETs. This implies the need to reconsider both diagnostic as well as therapeutic approaches for these different groups of malignancies.
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Knock-down of core proteins regulating microRNA biogenesis has no effect on sensitivity of lung cancer cells to ionizing radiation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33134. [PMID: 22479364 PMCID: PMC3316564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies underline the important role of microRNAs (miRNA) in the development of lung cancer. The main regulators of miRNA biogenesis are the ribonucleases Drosha, Dicer and Ago2. Here the role of core proteins of miRNA biogenesis machinery in the response of human non-small and small cell lung carcinoma cell lines to treatment with ionizing radiation was assessed. We found that Drosha and Dicer were expressed at higher levels in radioresistant but not in sensitive cell lines. However, down-regulation of either Dicer or Drosha had no effect on the sensitivity of cells to irradiation. Elimination of components of the RNA-induced silencing complex Ago2 and Tudor staphylococcal nuclease also did not sensitize cells to the same treatment. Thus, modulation of miRNA biogenesis machinery is not sufficient to increase the radiosensitivity of lung tumors and other strategies are required to combat lung cancer.
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Hubaux R, Becker-Santos DD, Enfield KSS, Lam S, Lam WL, Martinez VD. MicroRNAs As Biomarkers For Clinical Features Of Lung Cancer. METABOLOMICS : OPEN ACCESS 2012; 2:1000108. [PMID: 25221729 PMCID: PMC4159950 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0769.1000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Each year about 1.4 million people die from lung cancer worldwide. Despite efforts in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, survival rate remains poor for this disease. This unfortunate situation is largely due to the fact that a high proportion of cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, highlighting the great need for identifying new biomarkers in order to improve early diagnosis and treatment. Recent studies on microRNAs have not only shed light on their involvement in tumor development and progression, but also suggested their potential utility as biomarkers for subtype diagnostics, staging and prediction of treatment response. This review article summarizes the impact of microRNAs on lung cancer biology, and highlights their role in the detection and classification of lung cancer as well as direct targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hubaux
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, V5Z 1L3 Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Daiana D. Becker-Santos
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, V5Z 1L3 Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Katey S. S. Enfield
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, V5Z 1L3 Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, V5Z 1L3 Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Wan L. Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, V5Z 1L3 Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Victor D. Martinez
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, V5Z 1L3 Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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Shen J, Jiang F. Applications of MicroRNAs in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Lung Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 6:197-207. [PMID: 22615714 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2012.672970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, due to its late diagnosis and poor outcome. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional levels by either degrading or blocking translation of messenger RNA targets. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs play a pivotal role in the development and progression of human malignancies, including lung cancer. AREAS COVERED: In this review, the authors focus on 1) application of miRNA-based biomarkers to help classify lung cancer, 2) application of the miRNA biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer, and 3) use of miRNAs as biomarkers to predict outcomes of lung cancer. EXPERT OPINION: MiRNAs provide promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. The developed miRNA biomarkers should be comprehensively and prospectively validated in clinical trials before being used in laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Departments of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MD, 21201, USA, Tel: 1-410-706-4854; FAX: 1-410-706-8414
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Lu YC, Chen YJ, Wang HM, Tsai CY, Chen WH, Huang YC, Fan KH, Tsai CN, Huang SF, Kang CJ, Chang JTC, Cheng AJ. Oncogenic Function and Early Detection Potential of miRNA-10b in Oral Cancer as Identified by microRNA Profiling. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012; 5:665-74. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Leidinger P, Keller A, Meese E. MicroRNAs - Important Molecules in Lung Cancer Research. Front Genet 2012; 2:104. [PMID: 22303398 PMCID: PMC3263430 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are important regulators of gene expression. They are involved in many physiological processes ensuring the cellular homeostasis of human cells. Alterations of the miRNA expression have increasingly been associated with pathophysiologic changes of cancer cells making miRNAs currently to one of the most analyzed molecules in cancer research. Here, we provide an overview of miRNAs in lung cancer. Specifically, we address biological functions of miRNAs in lung cancer cells, miRNA signatures generated from tumor tissue and from patients’ body fluids, the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for lung cancer, and its role as therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Leidinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical School, Saarland University Homburg, Germany
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Chiou GY, Cherng JY, Hsu HS, Wang ML, Tsai CM, Lu KH, Chien Y, Hung SC, Chen YW, Wong CI, Tseng LM, Huang PI, Yu CC, Hsu WH, Chiou SH. Cationic polyurethanes-short branch PEI-mediated delivery of Mir145 inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation and cancer stem-like properties and in lung adenocarcinoma. J Control Release 2012; 159:240-50. [PMID: 22285547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The high invasiveness and frequent recurrence of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) are major reasons for treatment failures and poor prognoses. Alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) expression have been shown in lung cancers. Recent reports have demonstrated that tumors contain a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that possesses self-renewing capacity and is responsible for tumor malignancy including metastasis, relapse, and chemoradioresistance. However, a miRNAs-based therapeutic approach in LAC-associated CSCs (LAC-CSCs) is still blurred. Using miRNA/mRNA-microarray and Quantitative RT-PCR, we found that the expression of miR145 is negatively correlated with the levels of Oct4/Sox2/Fascin1 in LAC patient specimens, and an Oct4(high)Sox2(high)Fascin1(high)miR145(low) phenotype predicted poor prognosis. We enriched LAC-CSCs by side population sorting or identification of CD133 markers and found that LAC-CSCs exhibited low miR145 and high Oct4/Sox2/Fascin1 expression, CSC-like properties, and chemoradioresistance. To clarify the role of miR145, we used a polyurethane-short branch-polyethylenimine (PU-PEI) as the vehicle to deliver miR145 into LAC-CSCs. PU-PEI-mediated miR145 delivery reduced CSC-like properties, and improved chemoradioresistance in LAC-CSCs by directly targeting Oct4/Sox2/Fascin1. Importantly, the repressive effect of miR145 on tumor metastasis was mediated by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) and metastastic ability, partially by regulating Oct4/Sox2/Fascin1, Tcf4, and Wnt5a. Finally, in vivo study showed that PU-PEI-mediated miR145 delivery to xenograft tumors reduced tumor growth and metastasis, sensitized tumors to chemoradiotherapies, and prolonged the survival times of tumor-bearing mice. Our results demonstrated that miR145 acts as a switch regulating lung CSC-like and EMT properties, and provide insights into the clinical prospect of miR145-based therapies for malignant lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yuh Chiou
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
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Hui A, How C, Ito E, Liu FF. Micro-RNAs as diagnostic or prognostic markers in human epithelial malignancies. BMC Cancer 2011. [PMID: 22128797 DOI: 10.1186/147-2407-11-500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRs) are important regulators of mRNA and protein expression; the ability of miR expression profilings to distinguish different cancer types and classify their sub-types has been well-described. They also represent a novel biological entity with potential value as tumour biomarkers, which can improve diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment response for human cancers. This endeavour has been greatly facilitated by the stability of miRs in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, and their detection in circulation. This review will summarize some of the key dysregulated miRs described to date in human epithelial malignancies, and their potential value as molecular bio-markers in FFPE tissues and blood samples. There remain many challenges in this domain, however, with the evolution of different platforms, the complexities of normalizing miR profiling data, and the importance of evaluating sufficiently-powered training and validation cohorts. Nonetheless, well-conducted miR profiling studies should contribute important insights into the molecular aberrations driving human cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Hui
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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46
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Micro-RNAs as diagnostic or prognostic markers in human epithelial malignancies. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:500. [PMID: 22128797 PMCID: PMC3260334 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRs) are important regulators of mRNA and protein expression; the ability of miR expression profilings to distinguish different cancer types and classify their sub-types has been well-described. They also represent a novel biological entity with potential value as tumour biomarkers, which can improve diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment response for human cancers. This endeavour has been greatly facilitated by the stability of miRs in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, and their detection in circulation. This review will summarize some of the key dysregulated miRs described to date in human epithelial malignancies, and their potential value as molecular bio-markers in FFPE tissues and blood samples. There remain many challenges in this domain, however, with the evolution of different platforms, the complexities of normalizing miR profiling data, and the importance of evaluating sufficiently-powered training and validation cohorts. Nonetheless, well-conducted miR profiling studies should contribute important insights into the molecular aberrations driving human cancer development and progression.
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Nishikawa E, Osada H, Okazaki Y, Arima C, Tomida S, Tatematsu Y, Taguchi A, Shimada Y, Yanagisawa K, Yatabe Y, Toyokuni S, Sekido Y, Takahashi T. miR-375 is activated by ASH1 and inhibits YAP1 in a lineage-dependent manner in lung cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6165-73. [PMID: 21856745 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancers with neuroendocrine (NE) features are often very aggressive but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The transcription factor ASH1/ASCL1 is a master regulator of pulmonary NE cell development that is involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancers with NE features (NE-lung cancers). Here we report the definition of the microRNA miR-375 as a key downstream effector of ASH1 function in NE-lung cancer cells. miR-375 was markedly induced by ASH1 in lung cancer cells where it was sufficient to induce NE differentiation. miR-375 upregulation was a prerequisite for ASH1-mediated induction of NE features. The transcriptional coactivator YAP1 was determined to be a direct target of miR-375. YAP1 showed a negative correlation with miR-375 in a panel of lung cancer cell lines and growth inhibitory activities in NE-lung cancer cells. Our results elucidate an ASH1 effector axis in NE-lung cancers that is functionally pivotal in controlling NE features and the alleviation from YAP1-mediated growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Nishikawa
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Markou A, Liang Y, Lianidou E. Prognostic, therapeutic and diagnostic potential of microRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:1591-603. [PMID: 21767219 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) account for about 80% of lung cancers and their remarkable heterogeneity manifests in histology, pathogenesis, prognosis, and response to treatments. Recent advances in molecular characterization help stratifying NSCLC patients for their potential benefit from targeting therapies. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the tumoral heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Expression profiling of many microRNAs (miRNAs) in various normal and disease tissues demonstrated unique spatial and temporal expression patterns and some miRNAs have been functionally characterized as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Genome-wide screening identified specific miRNA expression signatures associated with clinical outcome of NSCLC patients. A group of miRNAs that has enriched expression in normal lung was found down regulated in NSCLC and may function as tumor suppressor genes. In this review we: a) summarize the current understanding of the critical role that miRNAs play in normal cell functions and in disease biology especially in lung cancer tumorigenesis, b) highlight their potential as biomarkers for lung cancer risk stratification, outcome prediction and classification of histologic subtypes, c) critically assess current knowledge on lung-enriched miRNAs and expression of their predicted target genes in NSCLC and d) evaluate their potential as circulating biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Markou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Lee JH, Voortman J, Dingemans AMC, Voeller DM, Pham T, Wang Y, Giaccone G. MicroRNA expression and clinical outcome of small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21300. [PMID: 21731696 PMCID: PMC3120860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNAs in small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is largely unknown. miR-34a is known as a p53 regulated tumor suppressor microRNA in many cancer types. However, its therapeutic implication has never been studied in SCLC, a cancer type with frequent dysfunction of p53. We investigated the expression of a panel of 7 microRNAs (miR-21, miR-29b, miR-34a/b/c, miR-155, and let-7a) in 31 SCLC tumors, 14 SCLC cell lines, and 26 NSCLC cell lines. We observed significantly lower miR-21, miR-29b, and miR-34a expression in SCLC cell lines than in NSCLC cell lines. The expression of the 7 microRNAs was unrelated to SCLC patients' clinical characteristics and was neither prognostic in term of overall survival or progression-free survival nor predictive of treatment response. Overexpression or downregulation of miR-34a did not influence SCLC cell viability. The expression of these 7 microRNAs also did not predict in vitro sensitivity to cisplatin or etoposide in SCLC cell lines. Overexpression or downregulation of miR-34a did not influence sensitivity to cisplatin or etoposide in SCLC cell lines. In contrast to downregulation of the miR-34a target genes cMET and Axl by overexpression of miR-34a in NSCLC cell lines, the intrinsic expression of cMET and Axl was low in SCLC cell lines and was not influenced by overexpression of miR-34a. Our results suggest that the expression of the 7 selected microRNAs are not prognostic in SCLC patients, and miR-34a is unrelated to the malignant behavior of SCLC cells and is unlikely to be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Hsiang Lee
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Johannes Voortman
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anne-Marie C. Dingemans
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Donna M. Voeller
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Trung Pham
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yisong Wang
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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