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Ji H, de Souza AMA, Bajaj B, Zheng W, Wu X, Speth RC, Sandberg K. Sex-Specific Modulation of Blood Pressure and the Renin-Angiotensin System by ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) 2. Hypertension 2020; 76:478-487. [PMID: 32564694 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We showed ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) 2 is higher in the kidney of male compared with female mice. To further investigate this sex difference, we examined the role of ACE2 in Ang-[1-8] (angiotensin [1-8])-induced hypertension and regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney of WT (wild type) and Ace2 KO (knockout) mice. Mean arterial pressure rose faster in WT male than WT female mice after Ang-[1-8] infusion. This sex difference was attenuated in ACE2 KO mice. Ang-[1-8] infusion reduced glomerular AT1R (angiotensin type 1 receptor) binding in WT female mice by 30%, and deletion of Ace2 abolished this effect. In contrast, Ang-[1-8] infusion increased glomerular AT1R binding in WT male mice by 1.2-fold, and this effect of Ang-[1-8] persisted in Ace2 KO male mice (1.3-fold). ACE2 also had an effect on renal protein expression of the neutral endopeptidase NEP (neprilysin), the enzyme that catabolizes Ang-[1-10] (angiotensin [1-10]), the precursor of Ang-[1-8]. Ang-[1-8] infusion downregulated NEP protein expression by 20% in WT male, whereas there was a slight increase in NEP expression in WT female mice. Deletion of Ace2 resulted in lowered NEP expression after Ang-[1-8] infusion in both sexes. These findings suggest sex-specific ACE2 regulation of the renin-angiotensin system contributes to female protection from Ang-[1-8]-induced hypertension. These findings have ramifications for the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, especially in hypertension since ACE2 is the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and hypertension is a major risk factor for poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ji
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Aline M A de Souza
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Bilkish Bajaj
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Wei Zheng
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Xie Wu
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Robert C Speth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Nova South Eastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.)
| | - Kathryn Sandberg
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease (H.J., A.M.A.d.S., B.B., W.Z., X.W., K.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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Ji H, Zheng W, Li X, Liu J, Wu X, Zhang MA, Umans JG, Hay M, Speth RC, Dunn SE, Sandberg K. Sex-specific T-cell regulation of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Hypertension 2014; 64:573-82. [PMID: 24935938 PMCID: PMC4133294 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest T cells modulate arterial pressure. Because robust sex differences exist in the immune system and in hypertension, we investigated sex differences in T-cell modulation of angiotensin II-induced increases in mean arterial pressure in male (M) and female (F) wild-type and recombination-activating-gene-1-deficient (Rag1(-/-)) mice. Sex differences in peak mean arterial pressure in wild-type were lost in Rag1(-/-) mice (mm Hg: wild-type-F, 136±4.9 versus wild-type-M, 153±1.7; P<0.02; Rag1(-/-)-F, 135±2.1 versus Rag1(-/-)-M, 141±3.8). Peak mean arterial pressure was 13 mm Hg higher after adoptive transfer of male (CD3(M)→Rag1(-/-)-M) versus female (CD3(F)→Rag1(-/-)-M) T cells. CD3(M)→Rag1(-/-)-M mice exhibited higher splenic frequencies of proinflammatory interleukin-17A (2.4-fold) and tumor necrosis factor-α (2.2-fold)-producing T cells and lower plasma levels (13-fold) and renal mRNA expression (2.4-fold) of interleukin-10, whereas CD3(F)→Rag1(-/-)-M mice displayed a higher activation state in general and T-helper-1-biased renal inflammation. Greater T-cell infiltration into perivascular adipose tissue and kidney associated with increased pressor responses to angiotensin II if the T cell donor was male but not female and these sex differences in T-cell subset expansion and tissue infiltration were maintained for 7 to 8 weeks within the male host. Thus, the adaptive immune response and role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling in hypertension are distinct between the sexes and need to be understood to improve therapeutics for hypertension-associated disease in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ji
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging, and Disease (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Center for Development of Radioligands (R.C.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.L.); Biorepository and Biochemistry Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD (J.G.U.); Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.); Department of Physiology and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona at Tucson (M.H.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova South Eastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.); Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); and Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.D.).
| | - Wei Zheng
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging, and Disease (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Center for Development of Radioligands (R.C.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.L.); Biorepository and Biochemistry Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD (J.G.U.); Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.); Department of Physiology and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona at Tucson (M.H.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova South Eastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.); Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); and Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.D.)
| | - Xiangjun Li
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging, and Disease (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Center for Development of Radioligands (R.C.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.L.); Biorepository and Biochemistry Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD (J.G.U.); Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.); Department of Physiology and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona at Tucson (M.H.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova South Eastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.); Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); and Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.D.)
| | - Jun Liu
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging, and Disease (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Center for Development of Radioligands (R.C.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.L.); Biorepository and Biochemistry Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD (J.G.U.); Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.); Department of Physiology and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona at Tucson (M.H.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova South Eastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.); Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); and Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.D.)
| | - Xie Wu
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging, and Disease (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Center for Development of Radioligands (R.C.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.L.); Biorepository and Biochemistry Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD (J.G.U.); Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.); Department of Physiology and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona at Tucson (M.H.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova South Eastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.); Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); and Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.D.)
| | - Monan Angela Zhang
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging, and Disease (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Center for Development of Radioligands (R.C.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.L.); Biorepository and Biochemistry Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD (J.G.U.); Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.); Department of Physiology and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona at Tucson (M.H.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova South Eastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.); Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); and Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.D.)
| | - Jason G Umans
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging, and Disease (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Center for Development of Radioligands (R.C.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.L.); Biorepository and Biochemistry Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD (J.G.U.); Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.); Department of Physiology and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona at Tucson (M.H.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova South Eastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.); Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); and Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.D.)
| | - Meredith Hay
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging, and Disease (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Center for Development of Radioligands (R.C.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.L.); Biorepository and Biochemistry Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD (J.G.U.); Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.); Department of Physiology and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona at Tucson (M.H.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova South Eastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.); Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); and Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.D.)
| | - Robert C Speth
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging, and Disease (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Center for Development of Radioligands (R.C.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.L.); Biorepository and Biochemistry Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD (J.G.U.); Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.); Department of Physiology and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona at Tucson (M.H.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova South Eastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.); Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); and Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.D.)
| | - Shannon E Dunn
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging, and Disease (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Center for Development of Radioligands (R.C.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.L.); Biorepository and Biochemistry Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD (J.G.U.); Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.); Department of Physiology and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona at Tucson (M.H.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova South Eastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.); Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); and Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.D.)
| | - Kathryn Sandberg
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging, and Disease (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Center for Development of Radioligands (R.C.S.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.L.); Biorepository and Biochemistry Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD (J.G.U.); Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC (H.J., W.Z., X.L., J.L., X.W., J.G.U., K.S.); Department of Physiology and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona at Tucson (M.H.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova South Eastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.); Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.Z., S.E.D.); and Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.D.)
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