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Luckett R, Ramogola-Masire D, Gompers A, Moraka N, Moyo S, Sedabadi L, Tawe L, Kashamba T, Gaborone K, Mathoma A, Noubary F, Kula M, Grover S, Dreyer G, Botha MH, Makhema J, Shapiro R, Hacker MR. Triage of HPV positivity in a high HIV prevalence setting: A prospective cohort study comparing visual triage methods and HPV genotype restriction in Botswana. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 165:507-518. [PMID: 37950533 PMCID: PMC11021160 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guidelines for effective triage following positive primary high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) screening in low- and middle-income countries with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-prevalence have not previously been established. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of three triage methods for positive HPV results in women living with HIV (WLHIV) and without HIV in Botswana. METHODS We conducted baseline enrollment of a prospective cohort study from February 2021 to August 2022 in South-East District, Botswana. Non-pregnant women aged 25 or older with an intact cervix and no prior diagnosis of cervical cancer were systematically consented for enrollment, with enrichment of the cohort for WLHIV. Those who consented completed a questionnaire and then collected vaginal self-samples for HPV testing. Primary HPV testing for 15 individual genotypes was conducted using Atila AmpFire® HPV assay. Those with positive HPV results returned for a triage visit where all underwent visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), colposcopy, and biopsy. Triage strategies with VIA, colposcopy and 8-type HPV genotype restriction (16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58), separately and in combination, were compared using histopathology as the gold standard in diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or worse (CIN2+). RESULTS Among 2969 women enrolled, 1480 (50%) tested HPV positive. The cohort included 1478 (50%) WLHIV; 99% were virologically suppressed after a mean of 8 years on antiretroviral therapy. In total, 1269 (86%) women had histopathology data for analysis. Among WLHIV who tested positive for HPV, 131 (19%) of 688 had CIN2+ compared with 71 (12%) of 581 in women without HIV. Screening by 8-type HPV genotype restriction was more sensitive as triage to detect CIN2+ in WLHIV 87.79% (95% CI: 80.92-92.85) and women without HIV 85.92% (95% CI: 75.62-93.03) when compared with VIA (WLHIV 62.31% [95% CI: 53.39-70.65], women without HIV 44.29% [95% CI: 32.41-56.66]) and colposcopy (WLHIV 70.77% [95% CI: 62.15-78.41], women without HIV 45.71% [95% CI: 33.74-58.06]). However, 8-type HPV genotype restriction had low specificity in WLHIV of 30.88% (95% CI: 27.06-34.90) and women without HIV 37.06% (95% CI: 32.85-41.41). These results were similar when CIN3+ was used as the outcome. When combining 8-type HPV genotype restriction with VIA as the triage strategy, there was improved specificity to detect CIN2+ in WLHIV of 81.65% (95% CI: 78.18-84.79) but dramatically reduced sensitivity of 56.15% (95% CI: 47.18-64.84). CONCLUSIONS Eight-type HPV genotype restriction is a promising component of effective triage for HPV positivity. However, novel triage strategies in LMICs with high HIV prevalence may be needed to avoid the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity with currently available options. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION This study is registered on Clinicaltrials.gov no. NCT04242823, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04242823.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Luckett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Doreen Ramogola-Masire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | | | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Leatile Sedabadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Leabaneng Tawe
- Department of Pathology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Thanolo Kashamba
- Department of Pathology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Anikie Mathoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Farzad Noubary
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Maduke Kula
- National Cervical Cancer Prevention Program, Ministry of Health and Wellness Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Surbhi Grover
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Greta Dreyer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Matthys H Botha
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joseph Makhema
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Roger Shapiro
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Gompers A, Olivier MT, Maney DL. Training in the implementation of sex and gender research policies: an evaluation of publicly available online courses. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:32. [PMID: 38570790 PMCID: PMC10988906 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently implemented research policies requiring the inclusion of females and males have created an urgent need for effective training in how to account for sex, and in some cases gender, in biomedical studies. METHODS Here, we evaluated three sets of publicly available online training materials on this topic: (1) Integrating Sex & Gender in Health Research from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); (2) Sex as a Biological Variable: A Primer from the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH); and (3) The Sex and Gender Dimension in Biomedical Research, developed as part of "Leading Innovative measures to reach gender Balance in Research Activities" (LIBRA) from the European Commission. We reviewed each course with respect to their coverage of (1) What is required by the policy; (2) Rationale for the policy; (3) Handling of the concepts "sex" and "gender;" (4) Research design and analysis; and (5) Interpreting and reporting data. RESULTS All three courses discussed the importance of including males and females to better generalize results, discover potential sex differences, and tailor treatments to men and women. The entangled nature of sex and gender, operationalization of sex, and potential downsides of focusing on sex more than other sources of variation were minimally discussed. Notably, all three courses explicitly endorsed invalid analytical approaches that produce bias toward false positive discoveries of difference. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests a need for revised or new training materials that incorporate four major topics: precise operationalization of sex, potential risks of over-emphasis on sex as a category, recognition of gender and sex as complex and entangled, and rigorous study design and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gompers
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Donna L Maney
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Harvard-Radcliffe Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Gompers A, Rossi A, Harding JL. Intersectional race and gender disparities in kidney transplant access in the United States: a scoping review. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:36. [PMID: 38273245 PMCID: PMC10811805 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender and racial disparities in kidney transplant access are well established, however how gender and race interact to shape access to kidney transplant is less clear. Therefore, we examined existing literature to assess what is known about the potential interaction of gender and race and the impact on access to kidney transplantation in the US. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a scoping review and included quantitative and qualitative studies published in English between 1990 and May 31, 2023 among adult end-stage kidney disease patients in the US. All studies reported on access to specific transplant steps or perceived barriers to transplant access in gender and race subgroups, and the intersection between the two. We narratively synthesized findings across studies. RESULTS Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria and included outcomes of referral (n = 4, 29%), evaluation (n = 2, 14%), waitlisting (n = 4, 29%), transplantation (n = 5, 36%), provider perceptions of patient transplant candidacy (n = 3, 21%), and patient preferences and requests for a living donor (n = 5, 36%). Overall, we found that White men have the greatest access at all steps of the transplant process, from referral to eventual living or deceased donor transplantation. In contrast, women from racial or ethnic minorities tend to have the lowest access to kidney transplant, in particular living donor transplant, though this was not consistent across all studies. CONCLUSIONS Examining how racism and sexism interact to shape kidney transplant access should be investigated in future research, in order to ultimately shape policies and interventions to improve equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gompers
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Ana Rossi
- Piedmont Transplant Institute, 1968 Peachtree Rd NW Building 77, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA
| | - Jessica L Harding
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Health Services Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Luckett R, Ramogola-Masire D, Harris DA, Gompers A, Gaborone K, Mochoba L, Ntshese L, Mathoma A, Kula M, Shapiro R, Larson E. Feasibility and acceptability of an HPV self-testing strategy: lessons from a research context to assess for ability to implement into primary care at a national level in Botswana. Front Glob Womens Health 2024; 4:1300788. [PMID: 38259634 PMCID: PMC10800890 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1300788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The WHO strategy for cervical cancer elimination strives to achieve 70% coverage with high-performance cervical screening. While few low- and middle-income countries have achieved this, high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) self-testing creates the possibility to rapidly upscale access to high-performance cervical screening across resource settings. However, effective hrHPV screening requires linkage to follow-up, which has been variable in prior studies. This study developed and tested an implementation strategy aimed at improving screening and linkage to follow-up care in South East District in Botswana. Methods This study performed primary hrHPV self-testing; those with positive results were referred for a triage visit. Withdrawals for any reason, loss-to follow-up between hrHPV test and triage visit, and number of call attempts to give hrHPV results were also documented. Acceptability of the program to patients was measured as the proportion of patients who completed a triage visit when indicated, meeting the a priori threshold of 80%. Feasibility was defined as the proportion of participants receiving the results and attending follow-up. To assess the associations between participant characteristics and loss-to-follow-up we used log-binomial regressions to estimate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Enrollment of 3,000 women occurred from February 2021 to August 2022. In total, 10 participants withdrew and an additional 33 were determined ineligible after consent, leaving a final cohort of 2,957 participants who underwent self-swab hrHPV testing. Half (50%) of participants tested positive for hrHPV and nearly all (98%) of participants received their hrHPV results, primarily via telephone. Few calls to participants were required to communicate results: 2,397 (82%) required one call, 386 (13%) required 2 calls, and only 151 (5%) required 3-5 calls. The median time from specimen collection to participant receiving results was 44 days (IQR, 27-65). Of all hrHPV positive participants, 1,328 (90%) attended a triage visit. Discussion In a large cohort we had low loss-to-follow-up of 10%, indicating that the strategy is acceptable. Telephonic results reporting was associated with high screening completion, required few calls to participants, and supports the feasibility of hrHPV self-testing in primary care followed by interval triage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Luckett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Doreen Ramogola-Masire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Devon A. Harris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Lapelo Ntshese
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bamalete Lutheran Hospital, Ramotswa, Botswana
| | - Anikie Mathoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Maduke Kula
- National Cervical Cancer Prevention Program, Ministry of Health and Wellness Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Roger Shapiro
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elysia Larson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Lee KMN, Rushovich T, Gompers A, Boulicault M, Worthington S, Lockhart JW, Richardson SS. A Gender Hypothesis of sex disparities in adverse drug events. Soc Sci Med 2023; 339:116385. [PMID: 37952268 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacovigilance databases contain larger numbers of adverse drug events (ADEs) that occurred in women compared to men. The cause of this disparity is frequently attributed to sex-linked biological factors. We offer an alternative Gender Hypothesis, positing that gendered social factors are central to the production of aggregate sex disparities in ADE reports. We describe four pathways through which gender may influence observed sex disparities in pharmacovigilance databases: healthcare utilization; bias and discrimination in the clinic; experience of a drug event as adverse; and pre-existing social and structural determinants of health. We then use data from the U.S. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to explore how the Gender Hypothesis might generate novel predictions and explanations of sex disparities in ADEs in existing widely referenced datasets. Analyzing more than 3 million records of ADEs between 2014 and 2022, we find that patient-reported ADEs show a larger female skew than healthcare provider-reported ADEs and that the sex disparity is markedly smaller for outcomes involving death or hospitalization. We also find that the sex disparity varies greatly across types of ADEs, for example, cosmetically salient ADEs are skewed heavily female and sexual dysfunction ADEs are skewed male. Together, we interpret these findings as providing evidence of the promise of the Gender Hypothesis for identifying intervenable mechanisms and pathways contributing to sex disparities in ADEs. Rigorous application of the Gender Hypothesis to additional datasets and in future research studies could yield new insights into the causes of sex disparities in ADEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M N Lee
- Tulane University, Department of Anthropology, 101 Dinwiddie Hall, 6823 St. Charles Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
| | - Tamara Rushovich
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Annika Gompers
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Marion Boulicault
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; University of Edinburgh, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, 40 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JX, UK.
| | - Steven Worthington
- Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, 1737 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Lockhart
- University of Chicago, Social Sciences Division, 1155 E. 60th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Sarah S Richardson
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, 1 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Boylston Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Harding JL, Di M, Pastan SO, Rossi A, DuBay D, Gompers A, Patzer RE. Sex/Gender-Based Disparities in Early Transplant Access by Attributed Cause of Kidney Disease-Evidence from a Multiregional Cohort in the Southeast United States. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:2580-2591. [PMID: 38106598 PMCID: PMC10719652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We examined sex/gender disparities across the continuum of transplant care by attributed cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Methods All adults (18-79 years; N = 43,548) with new-onset ESKD in Georgia, North Carolina, or South Carolina between 2015 and 2019 were identified from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS). Individuals were linked to the Early Steps to Transplant Access Registry (E-STAR) to obtain data on referral and evaluation. Waitlisting data was ascertained from USRDS. Using a Cox-proportional hazards model, with follow-up through 2020, we assessed the association between sex/gender and referral within 12 months (among all incident dialysis patients), evaluation start within 6 months (among referred patients), and waitlisting (among all evaluated patients) by attributed cause of ESKD (type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, cystic disease, and other). Results Overall, women (vs. men) with type 2 diabetes-attributed ESKD were 13% (crude hazard ratio [HR]: 0.87 [0.83-0.91]), 14% (crude HR: 0.86 [0.81-0.91]), and 14% (crude HR: 0.86 [0.78-0.94]) less likely to be referred, evaluated, and waitlisted, respectively. Women (vs. men) with hypertension-attributed ESKD were 14% (crude HR: 0.86 [0.82-0.90]) and 8% (crude HR: 0.92 [0.87-0.98]) less likely to be referred and evaluated, respectively, but similarly likely to be waitlisted once evaluated (crude HR: 1.06 [0.97-1.15]). For all other attributed causes of ESKD, there was no sex/gender disparity in referral, evaluation, or waitlisting rates. Conclusion In the Southeast United States, sex/gender disparities in early access to kidney transplantation are specific to people with ESKD attributed to type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Harding
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Health Services Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mengyu Di
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Health Services Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephen O. Pastan
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ana Rossi
- Piedmont Transplant Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Derek DuBay
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rachel E. Patzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Health Services Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Gompers A, Larson E, Esselen KM, Farid H, Dodge LE. Financial toxicity in pregnancy and postpartum. Birth 2023; 50:606-615. [PMID: 36807551 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The financial burden of pregnancy in the United States can be high and is associated with worse mental health and birth outcomes. Research on the financial burden of health care, such as the development of the COmprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) tool, has been conducted primarily among patients with cancer. This study aimed to validate the COST tool and use it to measure financial toxicity and its impacts among obstetric patients. METHODS We used survey and medical record data from obstetric patients at a large medical center in the United States. We validated the COST tool using common factor analysis. We used linear regression to identify risk factors for financial toxicity and to investigate associations between financial toxicity and patient outcomes including satisfaction, access, mental health, and birth outcomes. RESULTS The COST tool measured two distinct constructs of financial toxicity in this sample: current financial toxicity and concern over future financial toxicity. Racial/ethnic category, insurance, neighborhood deprivation, caregiving, and employment were associated with current financial toxicity (P < 0.05 for all). Only racial/ethnic category and caregiving were associated with concern over future financial toxicity (P < 0.05 for all). Both current and future financial toxicity were associated with worse patient-provider communication, depressive symptoms, and stress (P < 0.05 for all). Financial toxicity was not associated with birth outcomes or keeping obstetric visits. CONCLUSIONS The COST tool captures two constructs among obstetric patients, current and future financial toxicity, both of which are associated with worse mental health and patient-provider communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elysia Larson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katharine M Esselen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Huma Farid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura E Dodge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sudhof LS, Gompers A, Hacker MR. Antepartum depressive symptoms are associated with significant postpartum opioid use. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101009. [PMID: 37156465 PMCID: PMC10524126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antepartum depression is common, and outside of childbirth preoperative anxiety and depression have been associated with heightened postoperative pain. In light of the national opioid epidemic, the relationship between antepartum depressive symptoms and postpartum opioid use is particularly relevant. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the association between antepartum depressive symptoms and significant postpartum opioid use during birth hospitalization. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective cohort study at an urban academic medical center from 2017 to 2019 included patients who received prenatal care at the medical center and linked pharmacy and billing data with electronic medical records. The exposure was antepartum depressive symptoms, defined as Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ≥10 during the antepartum period. The outcome was significant opioid use, defined as: (1) any opioid use following vaginal birth and (2) the top quartile of total opioid use following cesarean delivery. Postpartum opioid use was quantified using standard conversions for opioids dispensed on postpartum days 1 to 4 to calculate morphine milligram equivalents. Poisson regression was used to calculate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals, stratified by mode of delivery and adjusted for suspected confounders. Mean postpartum pain score was a secondary outcome. RESULTS The cohort included 6094 births; 2351 births (38.6%) had an antepartum Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score. Of these, 11.5% had a maximum score ≥10. Significant opioid use was observed in 10.6% of births. We found that individuals with antepartum depressive symptoms were more likely to have significant postpartum opioid use, with an adjusted risk ratio of 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.0). When stratified by mode of delivery, this association was more pronounced for cesarean births, with an adjusted risk ratio of 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.7), and was no longer significant for vaginal births. Mean pain scores after cesarean delivery were significantly higher in parturients with antepartum depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Antepartum depressive symptoms were associated with significant postpartum inpatient opioid use, especially following cesarean delivery. Whether identifying and treating depressive symptoms in pregnancy may impact the pain experience and opioid use postpartum warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna S Sudhof
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (Dr Sudhof, Ms Gompers and Dr Hacker); and; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Drs Sudhof and Hacker).
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (Dr Sudhof, Ms Gompers and Dr Hacker); and
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (Dr Sudhof, Ms Gompers and Dr Hacker); and; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Drs Sudhof and Hacker)
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9
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Rushovich T, Gompers A, Lockhart JW, Omidiran I, Worthington S, Richardson SS, Lee KMN. Adverse Drug Events by Sex After Adjusting for Baseline Rates of Drug Use. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2329074. [PMID: 37603336 PMCID: PMC10442708 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.29074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examines adverse drug events reported by sex in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) database after adjusting for drug use by males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Rushovich
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annika Gompers
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Steven Worthington
- Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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10
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Ward SA, Mendiola M, Royce CS, Anand M, Gompers A, Hacker MR, Winkelman WD. Cross-Sectional Study of Resident-Reported Surgical Experience in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery. Urogynecology (Phila) 2023; 29:597-600. [PMID: 36701293 PMCID: PMC10293472 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Comprehensive surgical training is an essential component of obstetrics and gynecology residency, yet subspecialty experience may be declining. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe trends in reported obstetrics and gynecology resident experience in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS). STUDY DESIGN This study was a retrospective analysis of national case log reports from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) for obstetrics and gynecology residents. RESULTS From 2013 through 2019, ACGME collected data from a median of 241 programs (range, 239-242) with a median of 1,259 residents (range, 1,213-1,286) reporting annually. There was a 26% decrease in resident-reported experience with incontinence and pelvic floor procedures from 74 ± 38 in 2013 to 55 ± 34 in 2019 ( P < 0.001). Cystoscopy increased by 19% from 43 ± 25 in 2013 to 51 ± 29 in 2019 ( P < 0.001). From 2014 to 2019, vaginal hysterectomy cases decreased by 12% ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was a significant decrease in resident-reported FPMRS surgical experience from 2013 to 2019, while cystoscopy numbers increased. After laparoscopic and vaginal hysterectomies were unbundled in 2013, resident vaginal hysterectomy cases decreased from 2014 to 2019. Given that the ACGME Incontinence and Pelvic Floor designation comprises a wide range of procedures, future investigation is needed to elucidate the gaps in FPMRS-specific surgical training during residency and its implication in comprehensive resident surgical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Ward
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge MA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Monica Mendiola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Celeste S. Royce
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Mallika Anand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Michele R. Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - William D. Winkelman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge MA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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11
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Esselen KM, Baig RA, Gompers A, Stack-Dunnbier H, Hacker MR, Jang JW. Factors associated with increased financial toxicity after the completion of radiation treatment for gynecologic cancer. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:388. [PMID: 37300721 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated financial toxicity (FT) in patients with gynecologic cancer treated with radiation and assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients' financial wellbeing. METHODS Patients completed a survey 1 month after completing radiation from August 2019-March 2020 and November 2020-June 2021. The survey included the COmprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) tool, EQ-5D to measure quality of life (QOL) and pandemic-related questions for the second survey period. High FT was COST score ≤ 23. RESULTS Of 97 respondents (92% response rate), 49% completed the survey pre-pandemic and 51% after; the majority were white (76%) and had uterine cancer (64%). Sixty percent received external beam radiation with or without brachytherapy; 40% had only brachytherapy. High FT was associated with worse QOL (r = -0.37, P < 0.001), younger age and type of insurance (both p ≤ 0.03). Respondents with high FT were 6.0 (95% CI 1.0-35.9) times more likely to delay/avoid medical care, 13.6 (95% CI 2.9-64.3) times more likely to borrow money, and 6.9 (95% CI 1.7-27.2) times as likely to reduce spending on basic goods. The pandemic cohort had a smaller proportion of respondents with high FT than the pre-pandemic cohort (20% vs. 35%, p = 0.10) and a higher median COST score (32 (IQR 25-35) vs. 27 (IQR 19-34), p = 0.07). CONCLUSION Privately insured, younger respondents who received radiation for gynecologic cancer were at risk for FT. High FT was associated with worse QOL and economic cost-coping strategies. We observed less FT in the pandemic cohort, though not statistically different from the pre-pandemic cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M Esselen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rasha A Baig
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Stack-Dunnbier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne W Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Hulett RE, Gehrke AR, Gompers A, Rivera-López C, Srivastava M. A wound-induced differentiation trajectory for neurons. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.10.540286. [PMID: 37214981 PMCID: PMC10197691 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.10.540286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Animals capable of whole-body regeneration can replace any missing cell type and regenerate fully-functional new organs, de novo . The regeneration of a new brain requires the formation of diverse neuronal cell types and their assembly into an organized structure and correctly-wired circuits. Recent work in various regenerative animals has revealed transcriptional programs required for the differentiation of distinct neuronal subpopulations, however how these transcriptional programs are initiated upon amputation remains unknown. Here, we focused on the highly regenerative acoel worm, Hofstenia miamia , to study wound-induced transcriptional regulatory events that lead to the production of neurons. Footprinting analysis using chromatin accessibility data on an improved genome assembly revealed that binding sites for the NFY transcription factor complex were significantly bound during regeneration, showing a dynamic increase in binding within one hour upon amputation specifically in tail fragments, which will regenerate a new brain. Strikingly, NFY targets were highly enriched for genes with neuronal functional. Single-cell transcriptome analysis combined with functional studies identified sox4 + stem cells as the likely progenitor population for multiple neuronal subtypes. Further, we found that wound-induced sox4 expression is likely under direct transcriptional control by NFY, uncovering a mechanism for how early wound-induced binding of a transcriptional regulator results in the initiation of a neuronal differentiation pathway. Highlights A new chromosome-scale assembly for Hofstenia enables comprehensive analysis of transcription factor binding during regeneration NFY motifs become dynamically bound by 1hpa in regenerating tail fragments, particularly in the loci of neural genes A sox4 + neural-specialized stem cell is identified using scRNA-seq sox4 is wound-induced and required for differentiation of multiple neural cell types NFY regulates wound-induced expression of sox4 during regeneration.
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13
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Chen JJ, Gompers A, Evenson A, James BC, Royce C. Surgical Adaptation of the Situation Awareness Rating Technique (S-SART): Assessing Situational Awareness Among Medical Students. J Surg Educ 2023; 80:216-227. [PMID: 36270915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Situational awareness (SA) impacts team dynamics and patient care. However, few formal curricula and tools exist to teach and assess longitudinal SA in surgical environments. We sought to evaluate medical students' SA in the operating room (OR) during surgical clerkships over time. DESIGN We prospectively administered pre- and post-rotation surveys using a surgical adaptation of the previously validated Situation Awareness Rating Technique (SART). Surgical SART (S-SART) scores were calculated as: Situational Awareness = Understanding - (Attentional Demand - Attentional Supply) + 14. Each of 10 questions was scored from 1 to 7, with a maximum possible score of 60. Two-tailed two-sample and paired t-tests were conducted to determine differences in S-SART scores. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Sixty-nine of 75 second- and third-year medical students rotating in Surgery and Obstetrics/Gynecology clerkships at a tertiary academic medical center from September 2018 to September 2019 completed the surveys for a response rate of 92.0%. RESULTS The mean baseline pre-rotation baseline S-SART score was 29.5 (SD=8.3), which increased by 20.9% to 35.9 (SD=6.9) post-rotation (p<0.001). Significant predictors of higher baseline S-SART scores included age ≥25 (p=0.02), surgical career interest (p=0.01), completion of prior surgical rotations (p<0.001), confidence about pre-procedural OR steps (p<0.001), and knowledge of OR item locations (p<0.001). There were increases in each of the subdomains of Understanding-including OR familiarity (3.2 to 4.3, p<0.001), knowledge of the medical student OR role (3.5 to 5.7, p<0.001), and knowledge of others' OR roles (4.1 to 5.9, p<0.001)-along with increases in alertness within Attentional Supply (5.1 to 5.5, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS SA is a learnable skill with increases in S-SART scores from pre- to post-rotation, with the greatest gains in the domain of Understanding. More advanced aspects of SA such as Attentional Demand may require further surgical training or curricular innovations to address these needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jane Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Evenson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin C James
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Celeste Royce
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Wamakima BW, McKinney S, Bookman L, Gompers A, Hacker MR, Farid H. Postmenopausal Vaginal and Cervical Cancer Risk Related to In Utero Diethylstilbestrol Exposure. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2023; 27:35-39. [PMID: 36222810 PMCID: PMC10311286 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero have an increased risk of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the lower genital tract, requiring lifelong cervical and vaginal cancer screening. We examined the incidence of DES-related cancers in postmenopausal women 50 years and older. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients 50 years and older exposed to DES in utero who received care at our institution. Patients were identified using billing codes and/or searching through the electronic record for the word DES. With this 2-pronged approach, we reviewed a total of 503 charts with confirmed DES exposure to identify gynecologic cancer occurrence. RESULTS Within the 503 selected charts, 28 cases of gynecologic cancer occurrence were identified. Ten patients had cervical cancer and one patient had vaginal cancer. Only 1 woman of 503 developed a DES-related cervical or vaginal malignancy after age 50 years. No patients were diagnosed with cervical or vaginal cancer after age 65 years. CONCLUSIONS Diethylstilbestrol-related malignancies are rare in those older than 50 years. Current cervical cancer screening guidelines recommend cessation of screening in an average risk, adequately screened patient at age 65 years, but patients exposed to DES have historically received lifelong screening. However, we found no cases of cervical or vaginal cancer related to DES after age 65 years, suggesting that screening recommendations could be changed for these patients to align with current screening guidelines.
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15
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Boulicault M, Perret M, Galka J, Borsa A, Gompers A, Reiches M, Richardson S. The future of sperm: a biovariability framework for understanding global sperm count trends. HUM FERTIL 2022; 25:888-902. [PMID: 33969777 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2021.1917778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The past 50 years have seen heated debate in the reproductive sciences about global trends in human sperm count. In 2017, Levine and colleagues published the largest and most methodologically rigorous meta-regression analysis to date and reported that average total sperm concentration among men from 'Western' countries has decreased by 59.3% since 1973, with no sign of halting. These results reverberated in the scientific community and in public discussions about men and masculinity in the modern world, in part because of scientists' public-facing claims about the societal implications of the decline of male fertility. We find that existing research follows a set of implicit and explicit assumptions about how to measure and interpret sperm counts, which collectively form what we term the Sperm Count Decline hypothesis (SCD). Using the study by Levine and colleagues, we identify weaknesses and inconsistencies in the SCD, and propose an alternative framework to guide research on sperm count trends: the Sperm Count Biovariability hypothesis (SCB). SCB asserts that sperm count varies within a wide range, much of which can be considered non-pathological and species-typical. Knowledge about the relationship between individual and population sperm count and life-historical and ecological factors is critical to interpreting trends in average sperm counts and their relationships to health and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Boulicault
- Department of Philosophy and Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Philosophy, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Meg Perret
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Galka
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex Borsa
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meredith Reiches
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Richardson
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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16
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Manning C, Gompers A, Hacker M, Jorgensen E. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Utilization of Minimally-Invasive Hysterectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2022.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Zuber S, Nicholson K, Baig R, Gompers A, Hacker M, Esselen K, Jang J. Financial Toxicity in Patients with Gynecologic Cancer Undergoing Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Manning C, Gompers A, Hacker M, Jorgensen E. 8760 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Utilization of Laparoscopic Myomectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2022.09.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Zuber SG, Aghdam N, Katharine E, Nicholson K, Hacker M, Gompers A, Baig R, Jang J. GSOR16 Presentation Time: 11:45 AM. Brachytherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2022.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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20
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Danielsen AC, Boulicault M, Gompers A, Rushovich T, Lee KMN, Richardson SS. How Cumulative Statistics Can Mislead: The Temporal Dynamism of Sex Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality in New York State. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14066. [PMID: 36360943 PMCID: PMC9658081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Overall, men have died from COVID-19 at slightly higher rates than women. But cumulative estimates of mortality by sex may be misleading. We analyze New York State COVID-19 mortality by sex between March 2020 and August 2021, demonstrating that 72.7% of the total difference in the number of COVID-19 deaths between women and men was accrued in the first seven weeks of the pandemic. Thus, while the initial surge in COVID-19 mortality was characterized by stark sex disparities, this article shows that disparities were greatly attenuated in subsequent phases of the pandemic. Investigating changes over time could help illuminate how contextual factors contributed to the development of apparent sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Boulicault
- College of Computing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tamara Rushovich
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Sarah S. Richardson
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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21
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Esselen K, Baig R, Gompers A, Stack-Dunnbier H, Hacker M, Jang J. Factors associated with increased financial toxicity after the completion of radiation treatment for gynecologic cancer (512). Gynecol Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0090-8258(22)01734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Collier ARY, Yu J, McMahan K, Liu J, Atyeo C, Ansel JL, Fricker ZP, Pavlakis M, Curry MP, Jacob-Dolan C, Patel H, Sellers D, Barrett J, Rowe M, Ahmad K, Gompers A, Aguayo R, Chandrashekar A, Alter G, Hacker MR, Barouch DH. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccine Immunogenicity in Immunosuppressed Individuals. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:1124-1128. [PMID: 34792136 PMCID: PMC8690024 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals on immunosuppressive (IS) therapy have increased mortality from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and delayed viral clearance may lead to new viral variants. IS therapy reduces antibody responses following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination; however, a comprehensive assessment of vaccine immunogenicity is lacking. Here we show that IS therapy reduced neutralizing, binding, and nonneutralizing antibody functions in addition to CD4 and CD8 T-cell interferon-γ responses following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination compared to immunocompetent individuals. Moreover, IS therapy reduced cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. These data suggest that the standard COVID-19 mRNA vaccine regimens will likely not provide optimal protection in immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-ris Y Collier
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica L Ansel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary P Fricker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martha Pavlakis
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael P Curry
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Het Patel
- Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marjorie Rowe
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kunza Ahmad
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ricardo Aguayo
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Boulicault M, Gompers A, Lee K, Shattuck-Heidorn H. A Feminist Approach to Analyzing Sex Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes. Int J Fem Approaches Bioeth 2022; 15:167-174. [PMID: 35812763 PMCID: PMC9262278 DOI: 10.3138/ijfab-15.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Boulicault
- Harvard GenderSci Lab and the Distinguished Postdoctoral Scholar in Ethics & Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Annika Gompers
- Research Division of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Katharine Lee
- Division of Public Health Sciences at Washington University School of Medicine
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24
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Vaughan DA, Yin SH, Shah JS, Gompers A, Hacker MR, Sakkas D, Domar A, Toth TL. Telemedicine for reproductive medicine: pandemic and beyond. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:327-329. [PMID: 35025052 PMCID: PMC8756755 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Vaughan
- Boston IVF - The Eugin Group, 130 2nd Ave, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sophia H Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaimin S Shah
- Boston IVF - The Eugin Group, 130 2nd Ave, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denny Sakkas
- Boston IVF - The Eugin Group, 130 2nd Ave, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Alice Domar
- Boston IVF - The Eugin Group, 130 2nd Ave, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas L Toth
- Boston IVF - The Eugin Group, 130 2nd Ave, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Danielsen AC, Lee KM, Boulicault M, Rushovich T, Gompers A, Tarrant A, Reiches M, Shattuck-Heidorn H, Miratrix LW, Richardson SS. Sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in the United States: Quantifying and contextualizing variation. Soc Sci Med 2022; 294:114716. [PMID: 35042136 PMCID: PMC8743486 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the first longitudinal study of sex disparities in COVID-19 cases and mortalities across U.S. states, derived from the unique 13-month dataset of the U.S. Gender/Sex COVID-19 Data Tracker. To analyze sex disparities, weekly case and mortality rates by sex and mortality rate ratios were computed for each U.S. state, and a multilevel crossed-effects conditional logistic binomial regression model was fitted to estimate the variation of the sex disparity in mortality over time and across states. Results demonstrate considerable variation in the sex disparity in COVID-19 cases and mortalities over time and between states. These data suggest that the sex disparity, when present, is modest, and likely varies in relation to context-sensitive variables, which may include health behaviors, preexisting health status, occupation, race/ethnicity, and other markers of social experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine Mn Lee
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marion Boulicault
- Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Philosophy, University of Adelaide, 259 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Tamara Rushovich
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amelia Tarrant
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Meredith Reiches
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Heather Shattuck-Heidorn
- Women and Gender Studies, University of Southern Maine, 94 Bedford Street, Portland, ME, 04102, USA
| | - Luke W Miratrix
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, 13 Appian Way, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sarah S Richardson
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, 1 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Boylston Hall, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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26
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Domar AD, Shah JS, Gompers A, Meyers AJ, Khodakhah DR, Hacker MR, Penzias AS, Sakkas D, Toth TL, Vaughan DA. The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women Pregnant Following Infertility Treatment: A Longitudinal Study. F S Rep 2022; 3:71-78. [PMID: 35098174 PMCID: PMC8786401 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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27
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Gompers A, Bruch JD, Richardson SS. Are COVID-19 Case Fatality Rates a Reliable Measure of Sex Disparities? Womens Health Issues 2021; 32:87-89. [PMID: 34930640 PMCID: PMC8616740 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Joseph D Bruch
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah S Richardson
- Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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28
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Shattuck-Heidorn H, Danielsen AC, Gompers A, Bruch JD, Zhao H, Boulicault M, Marsella J, Richardson SS. A finding of sex similarities rather than differences in COVID-19 outcomes. Nature 2021; 597:E7-E9. [PMID: 34552251 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Shattuck-Heidorn
- Women and Gender Studies Program, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA. .,Studies of Women, Gender and Sexuality, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ann Caroline Danielsen
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Dov Bruch
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Zhao
- Department of Philosophy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marion Boulicault
- Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jamie Marsella
- Department of the History of Science, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah S Richardson
- Studies of Women, Gender and Sexuality, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of the History of Science, Cambridge, MA, USA
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29
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Esselen K, Gompers A, Stack-Dunnbier H, Baig R, Benhaga N, Hacker M, Jang J. Factors associated with increased financial toxicity after the completion of radiation treatment for gynecologic cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0090-8258(21)00944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Esselen KM, Stack-Dunnbier H, Gompers A, Hacker MR. Crowdsourcing to measure financial toxicity in gynecologic oncology. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 161:595-600. [PMID: 33551197 PMCID: PMC10029746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To utilize a novel crowdsourcing method to measure financial toxicity and its effects among a national cohort of gynecologic cancer patients. METHODS Crowdsourcing methods were used to administer an online survey to women in the United States with gynecologic cancers. We used the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) tool to measure financial toxicity and the EQ-5D-3L to measure quality of life (QOL). Based on prior work, we defined high financial toxicity as a COST score ≤ 23. We assessed correlation of COST scores with QOL. We used log-binomial regression to examine associations between high financial toxicity and cost-coping strategies. RESULTS Among the final study sample of 334 respondents, 87% were white, median age at diagnosis was 55 (interquartile range 47-63), 52% had stage III or IV disease and 90% had private insurance or Medicare. Median COST score was 24 (interquartile range 15-32) and 49% of respondents reported high financial toxicity. Greater financial toxicity was correlated with worse QOL (p < 0.001). Participants reporting high financial toxicity were more likely to use cost-coping strategies, including spending less on basic goods (RR: 3.3; 95% CI: 2.1-5.1), borrowing money or applying for financial assistance (RR: 4.0; 95% CI: 2.4-6.9), and delaying or avoiding care (RR: 5.6; 95% CI: 2.6-12.1). CONCLUSIONS Crowdsourcing is an effective tool to measure financial toxicity. Nearly half of respondents reported high financial toxicity, which was significantly associated with worse QOL, utilization of cost-coping strategies and delays or avoidance of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M Esselen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hannah Stack-Dunnbier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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31
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Esselen KM, Gompers A, Hacker MR, Bouberhan S, Shea M, Summerlin SS, Rucker LR, Huh WK, Pisu M, Liang MI. Evaluating meaningful levels of financial toxicity in gynecologic cancers. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021; 31:801-806. [PMID: 33858954 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-002475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) is a validated instrument measuring the economic burden experienced by patients with cancer. We evaluated the frequency of financial toxicity at different COST levels and stratified risk factors and associations with cost-coping strategies by financial toxicity severity. METHODS We analyzed previously collected survey data of gynecologic oncology patients from two tertiary care institutions. Both surveys included the COST tool and questions assessing economic and behavioral cost-coping strategies. We adapted a proposed grading scale to define three groups: no/mild, moderate, and severe financial toxicity and used χ2, Fisher's exact test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test to compare groups. We used Poisson regression to calculate crude and adjusted risk ratios for cost-coping strategies, comparing patients with moderate or severe to no/mild financial toxicity. RESULTS Among 308 patients, 14.9% had severe, 32.1% had moderate, and 52.9% had no/mild financial toxicity. Younger age, non-white race, lower education, unemployment, lower income, use of systemic therapy, and shorter time since diagnosis were associated with worse financial toxicity (all p<0.05). Respondents with moderate or severe financial toxicity were significantly more likely to use economic cost-coping strategies such as changing spending habits (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 2.7, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.0 moderate; aRR 3.6, 95% CI 2.4 to 5.4 severe) and borrowing money (aRR 5.5, 95% CI 1.8 to 16.5 moderate; aRR 12.7, 95% CI 4.3 to 37.1 severe). Those with severe financial toxicity also had a significantly higher risk of behavioral cost-coping through medication non-compliance (aRR 4.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 18.1). CONCLUSIONS Among a geographically diverse cohort of gynecologic oncology patients, nearly half reported financial toxicity (COST <26), which was associated with economic cost-coping strategies. In those 14.9% of patients reporting severe financial toxicity (COST <14) there was also an increased risk of medication non-compliance, which may lead to worse health outcomes in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine McKinley Esselen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA .,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Bouberhan
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meghan Shea
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah S Summerlin
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lindsay R Rucker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Warner K Huh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Maria Pisu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret I Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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32
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Richardson SS, Borsa A, Boulicault M, Galka J, Ghosh N, Gompers A, Noll NE, Perret M, Reiches MW, Sandoval JCB, Shattuck-Heidorn H, Vitti J, Weir B, Zhao H. Genome studies must account for history. Science 2019; 366:1461. [PMID: 31857476 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz6594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Richardson
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. .,Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Borsa
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marion Boulicault
- Department of Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan Galka
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nayanika Ghosh
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nicole E Noll
- Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Meg Perret
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Meredith W Reiches
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph Vitti
- Seven Bridges Genomics, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Brianna Weir
- Department of Evolutionary and Organismic Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Helen Zhao
- Department of Philosophy, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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33
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Gehrke AR, Neverett E, Luo YJ, Brandt A, Ricci L, Hulett RE, Gompers A, Ruby JG, Rokhsar DS, Reddien PW, Srivastava M. Acoel genome reveals the regulatory landscape of whole-body regeneration. Science 2019; 363:363/6432/eaau6173. [PMID: 30872491 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau6173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whole-body regeneration is accompanied by complex transcriptomic changes, yet the chromatin regulatory landscapes that mediate this dynamic response remain unexplored. To decipher the regulatory logic that orchestrates regeneration, we sequenced the genome of the acoel worm Hofstenia miamia, a highly regenerative member of the sister lineage of other bilaterians. Epigenomic profiling revealed thousands of regeneration-responsive chromatin regions and identified dynamically bound transcription factor motifs, with the early growth response (EGR) binding site as the most variably accessible during Hofstenia regeneration. Combining egr inhibition with chromatin profiling suggests that Egr functions as a pioneer factor to directly regulate early wound-induced genes. The genetic connections inferred by this approach allowed the construction of a gene regulatory network for whole-body regeneration, enabling genomics-based comparisons of regeneration across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Gehrke
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Emily Neverett
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yi-Jyun Luo
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Brandt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94703, USA
| | - Lorenzo Ricci
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ryan E Hulett
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - J Graham Ruby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniel S Rokhsar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94703, USA
| | - Peter W Reddien
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mansi Srivastava
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. .,Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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