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Yang B, Qiao Y, Yan D, Meng Q. Targeting Interactions between Fibroblasts and Macrophages to Treat Cardiac Fibrosis. Cells 2024; 13:764. [PMID: 38727300 PMCID: PMC11082988 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition is a defining feature of cardiac fibrosis. Most notably, it is characterized by a significant change in the concentration and volume fraction of collagen I, a disproportionate deposition of collagen subtypes, and a disturbed ECM network arrangement, which directly affect the systolic and diastolic functions of the heart. Immune cells that reside within or infiltrate the myocardium, including macrophages, play important roles in fibroblast activation and consequent ECM remodeling. Through both direct and indirect connections to fibroblasts, monocyte-derived macrophages and resident cardiac macrophages play complex, bidirectional, regulatory roles in cardiac fibrosis. In this review, we discuss emerging interactions between fibroblasts and macrophages in physiology and pathologic conditions, providing insights for future research aimed at targeting macrophages to combat cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Center for Organoid and Regeneration Medicine, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou 511466, China;
| | - Yan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;
| | - Dong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Qinghang Meng
- Center for Organoid and Regeneration Medicine, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou 511466, China;
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Scott TE, Lewis CV, Zhu M, Wang C, Samuel CS, Drummond GR, Kemp-Harper BK. IL-4 and IL-13 induce equivalent expression of traditional M2 markers and modulation of reactive oxygen species in human macrophages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19589. [PMID: 37949903 PMCID: PMC10638413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In cardiovascular disease, pathological and protective roles are reported for the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, respectively. We hypothesised that differential effects on macrophage function are responsible. Type I and II receptor subunit (IL-2Rγ, IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1) and M2 marker (MRC-1, CCL18, CCL22) expression was assessed via RT-qPCR in IL-4- and IL-13-treated human primary macrophages. Downstream signalling was evaluated via STAT1, STAT3 and STAT6 inhibitors, and IL-4- and IL-13-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assessed. IL-4 and IL-13 exhibited equivalent potency and efficacy for M2 marker induction, which was attenuated by STAT3 inhibition. Both cytokines enhanced PDBu-stimulated superoxide generation however this effect was 17% greater with IL-4 treatment. Type I IL-4 receptor expression was increased on M1-like macrophages but did not lead to a differing ability of these cytokines to modulate M1-like macrophage superoxide production. Overall, this study did not identify major differences in the ability of IL-4 and IL-13 to modulate macrophage function, suggesting that the opposing roles of these cytokines in cardiovascular disease are likely to be via actions on other cell types. Future studies should directly compare IL-4 and IL-13 in vivo to more thoroughly investigate the therapeutic validity of selective targeting of these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Scott
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Caitlin V Lewis
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mingyu Zhu
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chao Wang
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Bernstein ZJ, Shenoy A, Chen A, Heller NM, Spangler JB. Engineering the IL-4/IL-13 axis for targeted immune modulation. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:29-57. [PMID: 37283511 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The structurally and functionally related interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 cytokines play pivotal roles in shaping immune activity. The IL-4/IL-13 axis is best known for its critical role in T helper 2 (Th2) cell-mediated Type 2 inflammation, which protects the host from large multicellular pathogens, such as parasitic helminth worms, and regulates immune responses to allergens. In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 stimulate a wide range of innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as non-hematopoietic cells, to coordinate various functions, including immune regulation, antibody production, and fibrosis. Due to its importance for a broad spectrum of physiological activities, the IL-4/IL-13 network has been targeted through a variety of molecular engineering and synthetic biology approaches to modulate immune behavior and develop novel therapeutics. Here, we review ongoing efforts to manipulate the IL-4/IL-13 axis, including cytokine engineering strategies, formulation of fusion proteins, antagonist development, cell engineering approaches, and biosensor design. We discuss how these strategies have been employed to dissect IL-4 and IL-13 pathways, as well as to discover new immunotherapies targeting allergy, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Looking ahead, emerging bioengineering tools promise to continue advancing fundamental understanding of IL-4/IL-13 biology and enabling researchers to exploit these insights to develop effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Bernstein
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anjali Shenoy
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Knudson KM, Hwang S, McCann MS, Joshi BH, Husain SR, Puri RK. Recent Advances in IL-13Rα2-Directed Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878365. [PMID: 35464460 PMCID: PMC9023787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Rα2, CD213A), a high-affinity membrane receptor of the anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokine IL-13, is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors and is correlated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, adrenocortical carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. While initially hypothesized as a decoy receptor for IL-13-mediated signaling, recent evidence demonstrates IL-13 can signal through IL-13Rα2 in human cells. In addition, expression of IL-13Rα2 and IL-13Rα2-mediated signaling has been shown to promote tumor proliferation, cell survival, tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Given its differential expression in tumor versus normal tissue, IL-13Rα2 is an attractive immunotherapy target, as both a targetable receptor and an immunogenic antigen. Multiple promising strategies, including immunotoxins, cancer vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have been developed to target IL-13Rα2. In this mini-review, we discuss recent developments surrounding IL-13Rα2-targeted therapies in pre-clinical and clinical study, including potential strategies to improve IL-13Rα2-directed cancer treatment efficacy.
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Meng L, Liu J, Wang J, Du M, Zhang S, Huang Y, Shen Z, Dong R, Chen G, Zheng S. Characteristics of the Gut Microbiome and IL-13/TGF-β1 Mediated Fibrosis in Post-Kasai Cholangitis of Biliary Atresia. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:751204. [PMID: 34858903 PMCID: PMC8630618 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.751204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Cholangitis in biliary atresia (BA), which accelerates liver fibrosis progression, is among the most common serious complications after Kasai surgery; however, its etiology remains elusive. Gut microbiome migration may contribute to post-Kasai cholangitis. Further, there is no appropriate model of BA post-Kasai cholangitis for use in investigation of its pathogenesis. Methods: We explored the characteristics of gut microbiome in patients with BA before and after Kasai procedure based on 16S rDNA sequencing. We isolated the dominant strain from patient stool samples and established an in vitro model by infecting patient-derived liver organoids. Bulk RNA-seq was performed, and we conducted qPCR, ELISA, and western blot to explore the mechanism of fibrosis. Results: Gut microbiome diversity was lower in patients after, relative to before, Kasai procedure, while the relative abundance of Klebsiella was higher. Patients who developed cholangitis within 1 month after discharge tended to have simpler gut microbiome composition, dominated by Klebsiella. Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN) was isolated and used for modeling. RNA-seq showed that BA liver organoids expressed markers of hepatic progenitor cells (KRT19, KRT7, EPCAM, etc.) and that organoids were more stable and less heterogeneous among individuals than liver tissues. After infection with KPN, gene expression patterns in BA liver organoids were enriched in pathways related to infection, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Preliminary experiments indicated the presence of IL-13/TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis in post-Kasai cholangitis. Conclusions: Our findings using a newly-developed model, demonstrate a key role for Klebsiella, and a potential mechanism underlying fibrosis in post-Kasai cholangitis, mediated by the IL-13/TGF-β1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdu Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanlei Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
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Balam S, Kesselring R, Eggenhofer E, Blaimer S, Evert K, Evert M, Schlitt HJ, Geissler EK, van Blijswijk J, Lee S, Reis e Sousa C, Brunner SM, Fichtner-Feigl S. Cross-presentation of dead-cell-associated antigens by DNGR-1 + dendritic cells contributes to chronic allograft rejection in mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:2041-2054. [PMID: 32640051 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether DC NK lectin group receptor-1 (DNGR-1)-dependent cross-presentation of dead-cell-associated antigens occurs after transplantation and contributes to CD8+ T cell responses, chronic allograft rejection (CAR), and fibrosis. BALB/c or C57BL/6 hearts were heterotopically transplanted into WT, Clec9a-/- , or Batf3-/- recipient C57BL/6 mice. Allografts were analyzed for cell infiltration, CD8+ T cell activation, fibrogenesis, and CAR using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, qRT2 -PCR, and flow cytometry. Allografts displayed infiltration by recipient DNGR-1+ DCs, signs of CAR, and fibrosis. Allografts in Clec9a-/- recipients showed reduced CAR (p < 0.0001), fibrosis (P = 0.0137), CD8+ cell infiltration (P < 0.0001), and effector cytokine levels compared to WT recipients. Batf3-deficiency greatly reduced DNGR-1+ DC-infiltration, CAR (P < 0.0001), and fibrosis (P = 0.0382). CD8 cells infiltrating allografts of cytochrome C treated recipients, showed reduced production of CD8 effector cytokines (P < 0.05). Further, alloreactive CD8+ T cell response in indirect pathway IFN-γ ELISPOT was reduced in Clec9a-/- recipient mice (P = 0.0283). Blockade of DNGR-1 by antibody, similar to genetic elimination of the receptor, reduced CAR (P = 0.0003), fibrosis (P = 0.0273), infiltration of CD8+ cells (p = 0.0006), and effector cytokine levels. DNGR-1-dependent alloantigen cross-presentation by DNGR-1+ DCs induces alloreactive CD8+ cells that induce CAR and fibrosis. Antibody against DNGR-1 can block this process and prevent CAR and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidou Balam
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kesselring
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elke Eggenhofer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Blaimer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Evert
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Sonia Lee
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Stefan M Brunner
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Nguyen JK, Austin E, Huang A, Mamalis A, Jagdeo J. The IL-4/IL-13 axis in skin fibrosis and scarring: mechanistic concepts and therapeutic targets. Arch Dermatol Res 2020; 312:81-92. [PMID: 31493000 PMCID: PMC7008089 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin fibrosis, characterized by excessive fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition in the dermis, is the histopathologic hallmark of dermatologic diseases such as systemic sclerosis, hypertrophic scars, and keloids. Effective anti-scarring therapeutics remain an unmet need, underscoring the complex pathophysiologic mechanisms of skin fibrosis. The Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 have been implicated as key mediators in the pathogenesis of fibroproliferative disorders. The goal of this article is to summarize the current understanding of the role of the IL-4/IL-13 axis in wound healing and skin fibrosis. We conducted a literature search to identify research studies investigating the roles of IL-4 and IL-13 in fibrotic skin diseases. While transforming growth factor-beta has long been regarded as the main driver of fibrotic processes, research into the cellular and molecular biology of wound healing has revealed other pathways that promote scar tissue formation. IL-4 and IL-13 are important mediators of skin fibrosis, supported by evidence from in vitro data, animal models of fibrosis, and clinical studies. Overactive signaling of the IL-4/IL-13 axis contributes to the initiation and perpetuation of fibrotic skin diseases. Further insights into the IL-4/IL-13 axis may reveal potential targets for the development of novel therapies that prevent or treat fibrotic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Alisen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Andrew Mamalis
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
- Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Winiarczyk D, Michalak K, Adaszek L, Winiarczyk M, Winiarczyk S. Urinary proteome of dogs with kidney injury during babesiosis. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:439. [PMID: 31801572 PMCID: PMC6894246 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury is the most frequent complication of babesiosis in dogs and may provide a natural model for identifying early and specific markers of kidney injury in this species. There are limited data on urine proteomics in dogs, and none of the effect of babesiosis on the urine proteome. This study aimed to identify urinary proteins of dogs with kidney injury during the natural course of babesiosis caused by Babesia canis, and to compare them with proteins in a control group to reveal any potential biomarkers predicting renal injury before the presence of azotemia. Urine samples were collected from 10 dogs of various breeds and sex with naturally occurring babesiosis, and 10 healthy dogs. Pooled urine samples from both groups were separated by 2D (two-dimensional) electrophoresis, followed by protein identification using MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight) mass spectrometry. Results In total, 176 proteins were identified in the urine samples from healthy dogs, and 403 proteins were identified in the urine samples from dogs with babesiosis. Of the 176 proteins, 146 were assigned exclusively to healthy dogs, and 373 of the 403 proteins were assigned exclusively to dogs with babesiosis; 30 proteins were common for both groups. Characteristic analysis of 373 proteins found in dogs with babesiosis led to the isolation of 8 proteins associated with 10 metabolic pathways involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Conclusions It was hypothesized that epithelial-mesenchymal transition might play an important role in the mechanisms underlying pathological changes in renal tissue during babesiosis, as indicated by a causal relationship network built by combining 5 of the 10 selected metabolic pathways, and 4 of the 8 proteins associated with these pathways; this network included cadherins, gonadotropin releasing hormone receptors, inflammatory responses mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathways, integrins, interleukins, and TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) pathways. Those pathways were linked by interleukin-13, bone morphogenetic protein 7, α2(1) collagen, and tyrosine protein kinase Fer, which are potential biomarkers of damage during babesiosis in dogs, that might indicate early renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Winiarczyk
- Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - K Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20- 612, Lublin, Poland
| | - L Adaszek
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20- 612, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Winiarczyk
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079, Lublin, Poland
| | - S Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20- 612, Lublin, Poland.
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Yu Y, Sun J, Wang R, Liu J, Wang P, Wang C. Curcumin Management of Myocardial Fibrosis and its Mechanisms of Action: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1675-1710. [PMID: 31786946 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is implicated as a leading risk factor for heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden death after cardiac injury, as the excessive interstitial extracellular matrix impedes heart contraction and electrical conduction. Complicated mechanisms involving oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokine families, NLRP3 inflammasomes, growth factors, and non-coding RNAs participate in cardiac fibrogenesis and make it difficult to designate specific and effective therapies. Oriental herbs have been popular for thousands of years in the health care of Asian residents, due to their multi-targeted, multi-faceted approaches and their multi-functional effects in fighting difficult and complicated diseases, including cardiovascular disorders such as myocardial fibrosis. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol and yellow pigment obtained from the spice turmeric, was found to have strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Increasing evidence has shown that curcumin can be used to prevent and treat myocardial fibrosis, when the myocardium suffers pathological pro-fibrotic changes in vivo and in vitro. The present review focuses on recent studies elucidating the mechanisms of curcumin in treating different pathologic conditions, including ischemia, hypoxia/reoxygenation, pressure or volume overload, and hyperglycemia or high-fat-induced cardiac fibrosis. Novel analogs such as C66, B2BrBC, Y20, and J17 have been designed to maximize the therapeutic potentials of curcumin. These optimized curcumin analogs with improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles need to be clinically verified before curcumin could be recommended for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Ru Wang
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Peili Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
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Heukels P, Moor C, von der Thüsen J, Wijsenbeek M, Kool M. Inflammation and immunity in IPF pathogenesis and treatment. Respir Med 2019; 147:79-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Witherel CE, Abebayehu D, Barker TH, Spiller KL. Macrophage and Fibroblast Interactions in Biomaterial-Mediated Fibrosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801451. [PMID: 30658015 PMCID: PMC6415913 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial-mediated inflammation and fibrosis remain a prominent challenge in designing materials to support tissue repair and regeneration. Despite the many biomaterial technologies that have been designed to evade or suppress inflammation (i.e., delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrophobic coatings, etc.), many materials are still subject to a foreign body response, resulting in encapsulation of dense, scar-like extracellular matrix. The primary cells involved in biomaterial-mediated fibrosis are macrophages, which modulate inflammation, and fibroblasts, which primarily lay down new extracellular matrix. While macrophages and fibroblasts are implicated in driving biomaterial-mediated fibrosis, the signaling pathways and spatiotemporal crosstalk between these cell types remain loosely defined. In this review, the role of M1 and M2 macrophages (and soluble cues) involved in the fibrous encapsulation of biomaterials in vivo is investigated, with additional focus on fibroblast and macrophage crosstalk in vitro along with in vitro models to study the foreign body response. Lastly, several strategies that have been used to specifically modulate macrophage and fibroblast behavior in vitro and in vivo to control biomaterial-mediated fibrosis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Witherel
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Abebayehu
- University of Virginia, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering & School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Thomas H. Barker
- University of Virginia, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering & School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Kara L. Spiller
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA,
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12
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Frangogiannis NG. Cardiac fibrosis: Cell biological mechanisms, molecular pathways and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:70-99. [PMID: 30056242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases, and is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse outcome. Because the adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity, death of a large number of cardiomyocytes results in reparative fibrosis, a process that is critical for preservation of the structural integrity of the infarcted ventricle. On the other hand, pathophysiologic stimuli, such as pressure overload, volume overload, metabolic dysfunction, and aging may cause interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in the absence of infarction. Activated myofibroblasts are the main effector cells in cardiac fibrosis; their expansion following myocardial injury is primarily driven through activation of resident interstitial cell populations. Several other cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells may contribute to the fibrotic process, by producing proteases that participate in matrix metabolism, by secreting fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins, or by exerting contact-dependent actions on fibroblast phenotype. The mechanisms of induction of fibrogenic signals are dependent on the type of primary myocardial injury. Activation of neurohumoral pathways stimulates fibroblasts both directly, and through effects on immune cell populations. Cytokines and growth factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, chemokines, members of the Transforming Growth Factor-β family, IL-11, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factors are secreted in the cardiac interstitium and play distinct roles in activating specific aspects of the fibrotic response. Secreted fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins bind to cell surface receptors in fibroblasts, such as cytokine receptors, integrins, syndecans and CD44, and transduce intracellular signaling cascades that regulate genes involved in synthesis, processing and metabolism of the extracellular matrix. Endogenous pathways involved in negative regulation of fibrosis are critical for cardiac repair and may protect the myocardium from excessive fibrogenic responses. Due to the reparative nature of many forms of cardiac fibrosis, targeting fibrotic remodeling following myocardial injury poses major challenges. Development of effective therapies will require careful dissection of the cell biological mechanisms, study of the functional consequences of fibrotic changes on the myocardium, and identification of heart failure patient subsets with overactive fibrotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Horsburgh S, Todryk S, Ramming A, Distler JH, O’Reilly S. Innate lymphoid cells and fibrotic regulation. Immunol Lett 2018; 195:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Luo S, Yang M, Jin H, Xu ZQ, Li YF, Xia P, Yang YR, Chen BC, Zhang Y. The role of sildenafil in the development of transplant arteriosclerosis in rat aortic grafts. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4914-4924. [PMID: 29218089 PMCID: PMC5714775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rejection (CR), which is characterized histologically by progressive graft arteriosclerosis, remains a significant barrier to the long-term survival of a graft. Sildenafil has been shown to protect vascular endothelial cells. In this study, we found that sildenafil significantly reduces the thickness of transplant vascular intima in a rat aortic transplant model. Moreover, sildenafil dramatically decreased the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the grafted aortas and increased the concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in serum. Furthermore, the ratio of regulatory T (Treg) cells and the expression of FoxP3 were increased, and the ratio of Th17 cells was decreased in the sildenafil-treated group. These results demonstrate that sildenafil enhances nitric oxide (NO) signaling by increasing the availability of cGMP, leading to an increase in the ratio of Treg/Th17 cells to attenuate transplant arteriosclerosis in a rat aortic transplant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Luo
- Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325015, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Urology, Huangshi Central HospitalHuangshi 435000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Xu
- Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Fu Li
- Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Rrong Yang
- Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325015, Zhejiang Province, China
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Properties and Immune Function of Cardiac Fibroblasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1003:35-70. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57613-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang Y, Tang J, Tian Z, van Velkinburgh JC, Song J, Wu Y, Ni B. Innate Lymphoid Cells: A Promising New Regulator in Fibrotic Diseases. Int Rev Immunol 2016. [PMID: 26222510 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1068304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a consequence of chronic inflammation and the persistent accumulation of extracellular matrix, for which the cycle of tissue injury and repair becomes a predominant feature. Both the innate and adaptive immune systems play key roles in the progress of fibrosis. The recently identified subsets of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which are mainly localize to epithelial surfaces, have been characterized as regulators of chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling, representing a functional bridge between the innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, recent research has implicated ILCs as potential contributing factors to several kinds of fibrosis diseases, such as hepatic fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we will summarize and discuss the key roles of ILCs and their related factors in fibrotic diseases and their potential for translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- a Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , PR China
| | - Jun Tang
- b Department of Dermatology , 105th Hospital of PLA , Hefei , PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- a Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , PR China
| | | | - Jianxun Song
- d Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- a Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , PR China
| | - Bing Ni
- a Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , PR China
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May RD, Fung M. Strategies targeting the IL-4/IL-13 axes in disease. Cytokine 2016; 75:89-116. [PMID: 26255210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-4 and IL-13 are pleiotropic Th2 cytokines produced by a wide variety of different cell types and responsible for a broad range of biology and functions. Physiologically, Th2 cytokines are known to mediate host defense against parasites but they can also trigger disease if their activities are dysregulated. In this review we discuss the rationale for targeting the IL-4/IL-13 axes in asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, COPD, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune disease and fibrotic disease as well as evaluating the associated clinical data derived from blocking IL-4, IL-13 or IL-4 and IL-13 together.
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IL-13 Signals Independent of IL-4 Receptor-Alpha Chain to Drive Ovalbumin-Induced Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1286-1290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis in Children After Heart Transplantations: A Magnetic Resonance T1 Mapping Study. Transplantation 2016; 99:2656-62. [PMID: 26102614 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether the myocardium undergoes accelerated fibrotic remodeling in children after heart transplantation (HTx). METHODS In this prospective study, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) studies in 17 patients 1.3 years (median, range 0.03-12.6 years) after HTx (mean age, 9.8 ± 6.2 years; 8 girls) were compared to CMR studies in 9 healthy controls (mean age, 12.4 ± 2.4 years; 4 girls). T1 measurements were performed at a midventricular short axis slice before (ie, native T1 times) and after the application of 0.2 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine in the interventricular septum, left ventricular (LV) free wall and encompassing the entire LV myocardium. The tissue-blood partition coefficient (TBPC), reflecting the degree of diffuse myocardial fibrosis, was calculated as a function of the ratio of T1 change of myocardium compared to blood. Native T1 times and TBPC were correlated with echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function. RESULTS Native T1 times were significantly higher in HTx patients compared to controls in all regions assessed (LV free wall 973 ± 42 vs 923 ± 12 ms; P < 0.005; interventricular septum 1003 ± 31 vs 974 ± 21 ms, P < 0.05; entire LV myocardium 987 ± 33 vs 951 ± 16 ms; P < 0.005) and correlated with LV E/e' as an echocardiographic marker of diastolic dysfunction (r = 0.54, P < 0.05). The TBPC was elevated in the LV free wall (0.45 ± 0.06 vs 0.40 ± 0.03, P < 0.005) and the entire LV myocardium (0.47 ± 0.06 vs 0.43 ± 0.03, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Evidence of diffuse myocardial fibrosis and is already present in children after HTx. It appears to be associated with diastolic dysfunction.
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Ahamed J, Terry H, Choi ME, Laurence J. Transforming growth factor-β1-mediated cardiac fibrosis: potential role in HIV and HIV/antiretroviral therapy-linked cardiovascular disease. AIDS 2016; 30:535-42. [PMID: 26605511 PMCID: PMC4738098 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
HIV infection elevates the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of traditional risk factors. Autopsy series document cardiac inflammation and endomyocardial fibrosis in the HIV+ treatment naïve, and gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging has identified prominent myocardial fibrosis in the majority of HIV+ individuals despite use of suppressive antiretroviral therapies (ART). The extent of such disease may correlate with specific ART regimens. For example, HIV-infected patients receiving ritonavir (RTV)-boosted protease inhibitors have the highest prevalence of CVD, and RTV-exposed rodents exhibit cardiac dysfunction coupled with cardiac and vascular fibrosis, independent of RTV-mediated lipid alterations. We recently showed that platelet transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is a key contributor to cardiac fibrosis in murine models. We hypothesize that in the HIV+/ART naïve, cardiac fibrosis is a consequence of proinflammatory cytokine and/or ART-linked platelet activation with release of TGF-β1. Resultant TGF-β1/Smad signaling would promote collagen synthesis and organ fibrosis. We document these changes in a pilot immunohistochemical evaluation of cardiac tissue from two ART-naive pediatric AIDS patients. In terms of ART, we showed that RTV inhibits immunoproteasome degradation of TRAF6, a nuclear adapter signaling molecule critical to the regulation of proinflammatory cytokine signaling pathways involved in osteoclast differentiation and accelerated osteoporosis. We now present a model illustrating how RTV could similarly amplify TGF-β1 signaling in the promotion of cardiac fibrosis and accelerated CVD. Supportive clinical data correlate RTV use with elevation of NT-proBNP, a biomarker for CVD. We discuss potential interventions involving intrinsic modulators of inflammation and collagen degradation, including carbon monoxide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahamed
- aDivision of Hematology and Medical OncologybDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medical College, New YorkcCardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Zheng S, Lu Q, Xu Y, Wang X, Shen J, Wang W. GdCl3 Attenuates Schistosomiasis japonicum Egg-Induced Granulomatosis Accompanied by Decreased Macrophage Infiltration in Murine Liver. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132222. [PMID: 26317423 PMCID: PMC4552789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-stage hepatic granuloma and advanced-stage fibrosis are important characteristics of schistosomiasis. The direct consequences of gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) in egg-induced granuloma formation have not been reported, although GdCl3 is known to block the macrophages. In present study, mice were infected with 15 Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) cercariae and treated with GdCl3 (10 mg/kg body weight) twice weekly from day 21 to day 42 post-infection during the onset of egg-laying towards early granuloma formation. Histochemical staining showed that repeated injection of GdCl3 decreased macrophages infiltration in liver of mice infected with S. japonicum. Macrophage depletion by GdCl3 during the initial phase attenuated liver pathological injury characterized by smaller granuloma size and decreased immune inflammation as well as less fibrogenesis. In addition, IL-13Rα2 expression was reduced by GdCl3 in liver of mice infected with S. japonicum. The results suggest that GdCl3 depleted macrophages, which attenuated helminth infected immune responses involving with IL-13Rα2 signal. These findings would highlight a therapeutic potential via manipulating IL-13Rα2+ macrophage in schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsheng Zheng
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratories of Zoonoses of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratories of Zoonoses of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jilong Shen
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratories of Zoonoses of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratories of Zoonoses of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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McCormick SM, Heller NM. Commentary: IL-4 and IL-13 receptors and signaling. Cytokine 2015; 75:38-50. [PMID: 26187331 PMCID: PMC4546937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 were discovered approximately 30years ago and were immediately linked to allergy and atopic diseases. Since then, new roles for IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors in normal gestation, fetal development and neurological function and in the pathogenesis of cancer and fibrosis have been appreciated. Studying IL-4/-13 and their receptors has revealed important clues about cytokine biology and led to the development of numerous experimental therapeutics. Here we aim to highlight new discoveries and consolidate concepts in the field of IL-4 and IL-13 structure, receptor regulation, signaling and experimental therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McCormick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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Luzina IG, Todd NW, Sundararajan S, Atamas SP. The cytokines of pulmonary fibrosis: Much learned, much more to learn. Cytokine 2015; 74:88-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zaiss DMW, Gause WC, Osborne LC, Artis D. Emerging functions of amphiregulin in orchestrating immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair. Immunity 2015; 42:216-226. [PMID: 25692699 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 inflammatory responses can be elicited by diverse stimuli, including toxins, venoms, allergens, and infectious agents, and play critical roles in resistance and tolerance associated with infection, wound healing, tissue repair, and tumor development. Emerging data suggest that in addition to characteristic type 2-associated cytokines, the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like molecule Amphiregulin (AREG) might be a critical component of type 2-mediated resistance and tolerance. Notably, numerous studies demonstrate that in addition to the established role of epithelial- and mesenchymal-derived AREG, multiple leukocyte populations including mast cells, basophils, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and a subset of tissue-resident regulatory CD4(+) T cells can express AREG. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the AREG-EGF receptor pathway and its involvement in infection and inflammation and propose a model for the function of this pathway in the context of resistance and tissue tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar M W Zaiss
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.
| | - William C Gause
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
| | - Lisa C Osborne
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Ranasinghe C, Trivedi S, Wijesundara DK, Jackson RJ. IL-4 and IL-13 receptors: Roles in immunity and powerful vaccine adjuvants. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:437-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Van Linthout S, Miteva K, Tschöpe C. Crosstalk between fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:258-69. [PMID: 24728497 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts, which are traditionally recognized as a quiescent cell responsible for extracellular matrix production, are more and more appreciated as an active key player of the immune system. This review describes how fibroblasts and immune cells reciprocally influence the pathogenesis of fibrosis. An overview is given how fibroblasts are triggered by components of the innate and adaptive immunity on the one hand and how fibroblasts modulate immune cell behaviour via conditioning the cellular and cytokine microenvironment on the other hand. Finally, latest insights into the role of cardiac fibroblasts in the orchestration of inflammatory cell infiltration in the heart, and their impact on heart failure, are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
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