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McMahon M, Erolin C. Biomimicry - medical design concepts inspired by nature. J Vis Commun Med 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39033380 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2024.2375504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Biomimicry is the application of existing features in nature to human technologies, such as the invention of aircraft inspired by bird flight. In the development of medical solutions, biomimicry is a growing field of research, where a holistic understanding of nature can inspire cutting-edge design. The purpose of this study was to create an educational, visual resource exemplifying up-and-coming medical applications of biomimicry. A website was created to present 2D motion graphics (animations) and illustrations. Animation is an established and useful method of communicating health information to the public. This presents an accessible interface for the public to interact with and learn about this area of research, bridging the gap between the two. Increasing public knowledge, engagement, and interest can expand the reach and thereby influence future research. A survey was conducted to assess public engagement and opinions on both the resource and the topic of biomimicry and medical design. The results suggested that participants positively engaged with the resource; 95.7% strongly agreed/agreed that the animations were beneficial for learning. All responding participants agreed that biomimicry could provide useful solutions in medical design. This study suggests that graphic motions are effective at communicating complex ideas for public outreach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muireann McMahon
- Duncan and Jordanstone College of Art and Design, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Caroline Erolin
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, Dundee, UK
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2
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Nishitani T, Hirokawa T, Ishiguro H, Ito T. Mechanism of antibacterial property of micro scale rough surface formed by fine-particle bombarding. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2376522. [PMID: 39055484 PMCID: PMC11271079 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2376522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Fine-particle bombardment (FPB) is typically used to modify metal surfaces by bombarding them with fine particles at high speed. FPB is not a coating technique but is used for forming microscale concavities and convexities on a surface. Previously, we reported that an FPB-treated surface showed antibacterial effects; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that the pitch size of concavity and convexity, and irregular microscale pattern of FPB-treated surfaces might contribute to the antibacterial performance. In this study, we applied FPB to stainless-steel surfaces and evaluated the antibacterial effects of the FPB-treated surfaces based on ISO 22,196:2007. The FPB-treated surfaces exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, with an antibacterial activity value (R) of two or more. Furthermore, our experiments suggest that the antibacterial mechanism of the FPB-treated surface can be attributed to increased oxidative stress in bacteria owing to physical stress from the rough surface. The antibacterial effect of FPB-treated surfaces offers an effective measure against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nishitani
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Surf Technology Co. Ltd., Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hirokawa
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ebina, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishiguro
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ebina, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Fonseca J, Cano-Sarabia M, Cortés P, Saldo J, Montpeyó D, Lorenzo J, Llagostera M, Imaz I, Maspoch D. Metal-Organic Framework-Based Antimicrobial Touch Surfaces to Prevent Cross-Contamination. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403813. [PMID: 38771625 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Infection diseases are a major threat to global public health, with nosocomial infections being of particular concern. In this context, antimicrobial coatings emerge as a promising prophylactic strategy to reduce the transmission of pathogens and control infections. Here, antimicrobial door handle covers to prevent cross-contamination are prepared by incorporating iodine-loaded UiO-66 microparticles into a potentially biodegradable polyurethane polymer (Baycusan eco E 1000). These covers incorporate MOF particles that serve as both storage reservoirs and delivery systems for the biocidal iodine. Under realistic touching conditions, the door handle covers completely inhibit the transmission of Gram-positive bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis), Gram-negative bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii), and fungi (Candida albicans). The covers remain effective even after undergoing multiple contamination cycles, after being cleaned, and when tinted to improve discretion and usability. Furthermore, as the release of iodine from the door handle covers follow hindered Fickian diffusion, their antimicrobial lifetime is calculated to be as long as approximately two years. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of these antimicrobial door handle covers to prevent cross-contamination, and underline the efficacy of integrating MOFs into innovative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fonseca
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Mary Cano-Sarabia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Pilar Cortés
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Saldo
- Centre d'Innovació, Recerca i Transferència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (CIRTTA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - David Montpeyó
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Julia Lorenzo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Montserrat Llagostera
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Inhar Imaz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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Sharma BK, Sharma BP, Kunwar A, Basnet N, Magar PD, Adhikari S. Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producers (ESBLs) with antibiotic resistance pattern of Gram negative pathogenic bacteria isolated from door handles in hospitals of Pokhara, Western Nepal. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:139. [PMID: 37999796 PMCID: PMC10673770 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producers (ESBLs) in hospital associated fomites like door handles can serve as vehicles in transmission and may be the key factor in epidemiology of ESBL producing bacterial infection not only in a hospital setting but also in the community. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBLs and antibiotic resistance of Gram-Negative pathogenic Bacteria isolated from door-handles in two selected hospitals in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Nepal. The study was conducted in selected hospitals in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Western Nepal. A cross-sectional study design was used. The hospitals were selected randomly. A total of 100 swab samples were taken from door-handles. Isolation and identification of bacteria were done using standard microbiological procedures. An antibiotic susceptibility test, screening and confirmation of ESBLs were performed using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute's guidelines. RESULTS Out of the 100 swab samples cultured, 96 (96%) showed bacterial growth. A total of one hundred and forty isolates were isolated in this study which were further identified based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The study also found that door handles/knobs had higher level of contamination in Outpatient Departments (OPDs), Emergency, Laboratory, General wards and Toilets, in that order as compared to Radiology Room, Staff rooms, Intensive Care Unit and Operation Theatre which were lower. The level of contamination varies depending on the traffic exposure and the environment. The most prevalent Gram-negative bacteria identified was Escherichia coli 28.85%, followed by Klebsiella spp 21.15%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15.38%, Proteus spp 11.54%, Enterobacter spp 9.62%, Acenetobacter spp 7.69%, Citrobacter spp 5.77%. The most effective drug of choice was Amikacin, Nitrofurantoin, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline and Imipenem for many Gram-negative isolates. The overall prevalence of ESBLs in this study was 27.14%. Out of total 15 Escherichia coli isolated, 11(73.3%), Klebsiella spp 9/11 (81.8%); Pseudomonas spp 7/8 (87.5%), Proteus spp 4/6 (66.6%); Enterobacter spp 3/5 (60%), Acenetobacter spp 3/4 (75%) and Citrobacter spp 1/3 (33.3%) were found to be Extended β-Lactamase Producers (ESBLs). CONCLUSION The isolation of of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and ESBLs in hospital environments and subsequent detection of high drug resistance patterns indicates a potentially serious public health challenge that strengthens the need for the effective and routine cleaning of door-handles in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Koirala Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Prithivi Narayan Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal.
- Department of Microbiology, Janapriya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal.
| | - Birendra Prasad Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Janapriya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Anjeela Kunwar
- Department of Microbiology, Janapriya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Nirmala Basnet
- Department of Microbiology, Janapriya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Padam Darlami Magar
- Department of Microbiology, Janapriya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Sajana Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology, Janapriya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
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Skilbeck MG, Cannon RD, Farella M, Mei L. The effect of surface roughening of orthodontic elastomers on hydrophobicity and in vitro adherence of Streptococcus gordonii. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105881. [PMID: 37209593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biofilm formation around orthodontic appliances causes gingivitis, enamel decalcification and caries. Bacteria adhere less readily to superhydrophobic surfaces. The aim of this study was to determine whether a superhydrophobic surface could be generated on orthodontic elastomers by surface modification in order to reduce bacterial adhesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orthodontic elastomers were modified with sandpapers of various grit sizes (80-600 grit). Surface roughness of the modified and unmodified surfaces was assessed qualitatively with scanning electron microscopy and quantitatively with confocal microscopy. Water contact angles were measured with a goniometer to quantify hydrophobicity. Measurements were performed on unextended elastomers (100% original length) and elastomers extended to 150%, and 200% of the original length. Adhesion of Streptococcus gordonii to saliva coated elastomers was measured by counting colony forming units on agar plates. RESULTS Abrasion with different sandpapers produced elastomers with surface roughness (Ra) ranging from 2 to 12 μm. Contact angles followed a quadratic trend with a maximum contact angle of 104° at an Ra of 7-9 μm. Average water contact angles, when viewed perpendicular to the direction of extension, decreased from 99° to 90° when the extension was increased from 100% to 200% and increased from 100° to 103° when viewed parallel to the direction of extension. Bacterial adhesion increased as roughness increased and this effect was more pronounced with elastomer extension. CONCLUSION The surface roughness of orthodontic elastomers influences both their hydrophobicity and bacterial adhesion. Superhydrophobicity of elastomers could not be achieved with sandpaper abrasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Skilbeck
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Mauro Farella
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand; Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
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Famojuro OB, Adesanya IO, Ajewole JO, Famojuro TI. Genotypic characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase in gram negative bacterial contaminants of some door handles in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun state. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:208-218. [PMID: 38223573 PMCID: PMC10782325 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i2.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nosocomial infections due to cross-transmission by microorganisms from inanimate surfaces have become a recognized public health problem. Objectives This research was carried out to detect bacterial contaminants of door handles and their production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital. Methods Seventy door handles from twenty-seven sections of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital were swabbed and inoculated on different culture media. The isolates were identified using standard microbiological procedures. Susceptibility of the isolates to eleven antibiotics was determined by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion test. Phenotypic detection of ESBL was determined by modified double disc synergy test (MDDST) followed by PCR amplification of ESBL- encoding genes. Results Forty-four (62.9%) out of 70 door swabs were positive for bacterial growth. S . aureus was the most common isolate (22.9%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 15(79.0%) and 20(69%) of Gram positive and Gram-negative isolates, respectively. Coagulase negative staphylococci, E. coli, Acinetobacter and Shigella species were totally resistant to ceftazidime (100%). PCR amplification of ESBL-genes revealed the presence of blaTEM blaCTX -M and blaSHV in 4(14.3%), 2(7.2%) and 1(3.6%) isolate, respectively. Conclusion This study revealed that door handles of different sections in hospital environment were contaminated by multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria encoding ESBL genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin Bola Famojuro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun state
| | - Ifeoluwa Omolola Adesanya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun state
| | - Jerome Olu Ajewole
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun state
| | - Tayo Ibukun Famojuro
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bingham University, Karu Nasarawa state
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7
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Rajaramon S, David H, Sajeevan A, Shanmugam K, Sriramulu H, Dandela R, Solomon AP. Multi-functional approach in the design of smart surfaces to mitigate bacterial infections: a review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1139026. [PMID: 37287465 PMCID: PMC10242021 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1139026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in biomedical devices are ingenious and indispensable in health care to save millions of lives. However, microbial contamination paves the way for biofilm colonisation on medical devices leading to device-associated infections with high morbidity and mortality. The biofilms elude antibiotics facilitating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the persistence of infections. This review explores nature-inspired concepts and multi-functional approaches for tuning in next-generation devices with antibacterial surfaces to mitigate resistant bacterial infections. Direct implementation of natural inspirations, like nanostructures on insect wings, shark skin, and lotus leaves, has proved promising in developing antibacterial, antiadhesive, and self-cleaning surfaces, including impressive SLIPS with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Effective antimicrobial touch surfaces, photocatalytic coatings on medical devices, and conventional self-polishing coatings are also reviewed to develop multi-functional antibacterial surfaces to mitigate healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobana Rajaramon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Helma David
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Anusree Sajeevan
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Karthi Shanmugam
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Hrithiha Sriramulu
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
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8
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Dogan AB, Dabkowski KE, Cadnum JL, Donskey CJ, von Recum HA. Polymer Additives to Personal Protective Equipment can Inactivate Pathogens. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:833-845. [PMID: 36243778 PMCID: PMC9569176 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Face masks have been proven to be medicine's best public health tool for preventing transmission of airborne pathogens. However, in situations with continuous exposure, lower quality and "do-it-yourself" face masks cannot provide adequate protection against pathogens, especially when mishandled. In addition, the use of multiple face masks each day places a strain on personal protective equipment (PPE) supply and is not environmentally sustainable. Therefore, there is a significant clinical and commercial need for a reusable, pathogen-inactivating face mask. Herein, we propose adding quaternary poly(dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate), q(PDMAHDM), abbreviated to q(PDM), to existing fabric networks to generate "contact-killing" face masks-effectively turning cotton, polypropylene, and polyester into pathogen resistant materials. It was found that q(PDM)-integrated face masks were able to inactivate both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in liquid culture and aerosolized droplets. Furthermore, q(PDM) was electrospun into homogeneous polymer fibers, which makes the polymer practical for low-cost, scaled-up production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B Dogan
- Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | | | - Jennifer L Cadnum
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH, 44116, USA
| | - Curtis J Donskey
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH, 44116, USA
| | - Horst A von Recum
- Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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9
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Hasan J, Bright R, Hayles A, Palms D, Zilm P, Barker D, Vasilev K. Preventing Peri-implantitis: The Quest for a Next Generation of Titanium Dental Implants. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4697-4737. [PMID: 36240391 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are frequently the biomaterial of choice for dental implant applications. Although titanium dental implants have been utilized for decades, there are yet unresolved issues pertaining to implant failure. Dental implant failure can arise either through wear and fatigue of the implant itself or peri-implant disease and subsequent host inflammation. In the present report, we provide a comprehensive review of titanium and its alloys in the context of dental implant material, and how surface properties influence the rate of bacterial colonization and peri-implant disease. Details are provided on the various periodontal pathogens implicated in peri-implantitis, their adhesive behavior, and how this relationship is governed by the implant surface properties. Issues of osteointegration and immunomodulation are also discussed in relation to titanium dental implants. Some impediments in the commercial translation for a novel titanium-based dental implant from "bench to bedside" are discussed. Numerous in vitro studies on novel materials, processing techniques, and methodologies performed on dental implants have been highlighted. The present report review that comprehensively compares the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies of titanium and its alloys for dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Hasan
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Richard Bright
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayles
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis Palms
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Zilm
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dan Barker
- ANISOP Holdings, Pty. Ltd., 101 Collins St, Melbourne VIC, 3000 Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Wu Z, Chan B, Low J, Chu JJH, Hey HWD, Tay A. Microbial resistance to nanotechnologies: An important but understudied consideration using antimicrobial nanotechnologies in orthopaedic implants. Bioact Mater 2022; 16:249-270. [PMID: 35415290 PMCID: PMC8965851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial resistance to current antibiotics therapies is a major cause of implant failure and adverse clinical outcomes in orthopaedic surgery. Recent developments in advanced antimicrobial nanotechnologies provide numerous opportunities to effective remove resistant bacteria and prevent resistance from occurring through unique mechanisms. With tunable physicochemical properties, nanomaterials can be designed to be bactericidal, antifouling, immunomodulating, and capable of delivering antibacterial compounds to the infection region with spatiotemporal accuracy. Despite its substantial advancement, an important, but under-explored area, is potential microbial resistance to nanomaterials and how this can impact the clinical use of antimicrobial nanotechnologies. This review aims to provide a better understanding of nanomaterial-associated microbial resistance to accelerate bench-to-bedside translations of emerging nanotechnologies for effective control of implant associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wu
- Institute of Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Brian Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Jessalyn Low
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,Infectious Disease Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117547, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 35 Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138673, Singapore
| | - Hwee Weng Dennis Hey
- National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Institute of Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Tissue Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
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11
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Saha S, Prajapati DG, Ratrey P, Mishra A. Co-delivery nanosystem of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Rutin for anticancer and antibacterial activities. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Arango-Santander S. Bioinspired Topographic Surface Modification of Biomaterials. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072383. [PMID: 35407716 PMCID: PMC8999667 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical surface modification is an approach that has been investigated over the last decade to reduce bacterial adhesion and improve cell attachment to biomaterials. Many techniques have been reported to modify surfaces, including the use of natural sources as inspiration to fabricate topographies on artificial surfaces. Biomimetics is a tool to take advantage of nature to solve human problems. Physical surface modification using animal and vegetal topographies as inspiration to reduce bacterial adhesion and improve cell attachment has been investigated in the last years, and the results have been very promising. However, just a few animal and plant surfaces have been used to modify the surface of biomaterials with these objectives, and only a small number of bacterial species and cell types have been tested. The purpose of this review is to present the most current results on topographic surface modification using animal and plant surfaces as inspiration to modify the surface of biomedical materials with the objective of reducing bacterial adhesion and improving cell behavior.
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Nishitani T, Masuda K, Mimura S, Hirokawa T, Ishiguro H, Kumagai M, Ito T. Antibacterial effect on microscale rough surface formed by fine particle bombarding. AMB Express 2022; 12:9. [PMID: 35102449 PMCID: PMC8804057 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine particle bombarding (FPB) is typically utilized to modify metal surfaces by bombarding them with fine particles at high-speed. The diameters of the particles range from several to tens of micrometers. FPB forms fine microscale concavities and convexities on a surface. As FPB-treated surfaces are widely used in the food industry, the influence of bacteria on their surface must be considered. In this study, we examined the antibacterial activity of microscale rough surfaces formed by FPB. We applied FPB to a stainless-steel surface and evaluated the antibacterial effect of FPB-treated surfaces based on JIS Z 2801 (a modified test method from ISO 22196:2007). Our results indicated that the FPB-treated surfaces (FPB-1 (avg. pitch: 0.72 µm) and FPB-2 (avg. pitch: 3.56 µm)) exhibited antibacterial activity both against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nishitani
- Surf Technology Co., Ltd, 4-1-83 Onodai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0331, Japan.
| | - Kyosuke Masuda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Soma Mimura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hirokawa
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa, 705-1243-0435, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishiguro
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa, 705-1243-0435, Japan
| | - Masao Kumagai
- Surf Technology Co., Ltd, 4-1-83 Onodai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0331, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
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14
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Investigation of the Mechanical and Liquid Absorption Properties of a Rice Straw-Based Composite for Ayurvedic Treatment Tables. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020606. [PMID: 35057325 PMCID: PMC8779928 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Managing rice crop stubble is one of the major challenges witnessed in the agricultural sector. This work attempts to investigate the physical, mechanical, and liquid absorption properties of rice straw (RS)-reinforced polymer composite for assessing its suitability to use as an ayurvedic treatment table. This material is expected to be an alternative for wooden-based ayurvedic treatment tables. The results showed that the addition of rice straw particles (RSp) up to 60% volume in epoxy reduced the density of the composite material by 46.20% and the hardness by 15.69%. The maximum tensile and flexural strength of the RSp composite was 17.53 MPa and 43.23 MPa, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed deposits of silica in the form of phytoliths in various size and shapes on the outer surface of RS. The study also revealed that the water absorption rate (WA) was less than 7.8% for the test samples with 45% volume of RSp. Interestingly the test samples showed greater resistance to the absorption of Kottakal Dhanvantaram Thailam (<2%). In addition, the developed samples showed resistance towards bacterial and fungal growth under the exposure of treatment oils and water.
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15
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Saeed A, Madkhli AY, Pashameah RA, Bataweel NM, Razvi MA, Salah N. Antibacterial activity of the micro and nanostructures of the optical material tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum and its application as an antimicrobial coating. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27131-27144. [PMID: 36276042 PMCID: PMC9503380 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04750k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This research gives insight into the optical material tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) micro and nanostructures as an antimicrobial agent against different human pathogenic bacteria. In this work, Alq3 was applied as an antimicrobial coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdu Saeed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Thamar University, Thamar 87246, Yemen
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aysh Y. Madkhli
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Adel Pashameah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor M. Bataweel
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mir Ali Razvi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Numan Salah
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Gu T, Meesrisom A, Luo Y, Dinh QN, Lin S, Yang M, Sharma A, Tang R, Zhang J, Jia Z, Millner PD, Pearlstein AJ, Zhang B. Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation as affected by stainless steel surface topography and coating composition. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Firesbhat A, Tigabu A, Tegene B, Gelaw B. Bacterial profile of high-touch surfaces, leftover drugs and antiseptics together with their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:309. [PMID: 34749674 PMCID: PMC8573887 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hospital environment serves as a source of nosocomial infections, which pose a major therapeutic challenge. Although many bacteria species are common in hospital environments, their distribution, frequency, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from high-touch surfaces, leftover drugs, and antiseptics in different wards remain largely unknown. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and frequency of bacterial contaminants and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods A total of 384 samples were collected from five selected wards and processed according to standard bacteriological procedures. Samples were collected from high-touch surface using swabs and inoculated on Blood agar, MacConkey agar, Chocolate agar and Mannitol salt agar plates, and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. On the other hand, the leftover drugs and 80% ethanol samples were collected using sterile cotton swab immersed in sterile tryptone soy broth then inoculated on culture medias and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Identification of bacteria species was done using the morphological characteristics, Gram stain, and biochemical tests while antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique following the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute 2021guidelines. Results Among the 384 samples processed, 102 (26.6%) were culture positive and a total of 114 bacterial isolates were identified. Gram-positive bacterial isolates were predominant, 64.9%, while Gram-negatives were 35.1%. The most frequently isolated bacteria were coagulase negative Staphylococci (38.6%) followed by S. aureus (13.2%) and P. aeruginosa (11.4%). On the other hand, the proportion of bacteria isolated from surgical ward, post-natal ward, orthopedic ward, trauma ward, and neonatal intensive care unit ward were 24.6, 21, 20.2, 18.4,15.8%, respectively. Sinks were mainly contaminated with Klebsiella species (81.8%) and A. baumannii (55.6%), while A. baumannii (22.2%) was the most contaminant for 80% ethanol. Gram-positive bacteria had significantly high resistance levels to penicillin (67.6%), cotrimoxazole (67.8%), and cefepime (80%). On the other hand, Gram-negative bacteria revealed the highest resistance levels to tetracycline (82.4%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (76.5%), cefepime (66.7%), ceftazidime (67.5%), and piperacillin (92.3%). Moreover, the proportion of multidrug resistant bacteria isolates was 44.7%. Conclusions Data of the present study showed that coagulase negative Staphylococci was the dominant bacterial isolates followed by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The proportion of multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates was relatively high. Therefore, appropriate infection prevention and control measures should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsedewoyn Firesbhat
- Unit of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P O. box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abiye Tigabu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P O. box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Birhanemeskel Tegene
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, P. O. box 1271, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia
| | - Baye Gelaw
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P O. box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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18
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Mika K, Okamoto AS, Shubin NH, Mark Welch DB. Bacterial community dynamics during embryonic development of the little skate (Leucoraja erinacea). Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:72. [PMID: 34645528 PMCID: PMC8513177 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microbial transmission from parent to offspring is hypothesized to be widespread in vertebrates. However, evidence for this is limited as many evolutionarily important clades remain unexamined. There is currently no data on the microbiota associated with any Chondrichthyan species during embryonic development, despite the global distribution, ecological importance, and phylogenetic position of this clade. In this study, we take the first steps towards filling this gap by investigating the microbiota associated with embryonic development in the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea, a common North Atlantic species and popular system for chondrichthyan biology. Methods To assess the potential for bacterial transmission in an oviparous chondrichthyan, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the microbial communities associated with the skin, gill, and egg capsule of the little skate, at six points during ontogeny. Community composition was analyzed using the QIIME2 pipeline and microbial continuity between stages was tracked using FEAST. Results We identify site-specific and stage-specific microbiota dominated by the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. This composition is similar to, but distinct from, that of previously published data on the adult microbiota of other chondrichthyan species. Our data reveal that the skate egg capsule harbors a highly diverse bacterial community–particularly on the internal surface of the capsule–and facilitates intergenerational microbial transfer to the offspring. Embryonic skin and external gill tissues host similar bacterial communities; the skin and gill communities later diverge as the internal gills and skin denticles develop. Conclusions Our study is the first exploration of the chondrichthyan microbiota throughout ontogeny and provides the first evidence of vertical transmission in this group. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-021-00136-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Mika
- Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, 900 E 57th St, Culver Hall 108 OBA, Chicago, IL, 60637-1428, USA. .,Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
| | | | - Neil H Shubin
- Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, 900 E 57th St, Culver Hall 108 OBA, Chicago, IL, 60637-1428, USA
| | - David B Mark Welch
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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19
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Frazão LP, Fernandes AM, Oliveira C, Martins A, Silva TH, Vieira de Castro J, Nogueira-Silva C, Neves NM. New Vascular Graft Using the Decellularized Human Chorion Membrane. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3423-3433. [PMID: 34097827 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The increase of both arterial occlusive diseases and coronary heart diseases leads to a higher demand for small-diameter vascular grafts (<6 mm). The gold standard for small-diameter vessel replacement is the use of autologous veins. Nevertheless, up to 30% of these patients need to use vascular grafts. Although synthetic polymers have been successfully used for the replacement of large-diameter vascular grafts (>6 mm), they are associated with thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, calcification, and chronic inflammation when used as small-diameter vascular grafts. Therefore, natural materials have been studied for this application. In this study, a decellularized human chorion membrane (dHCM) vascular graft with a 3-4 mm diameter was created. Herein, the biocompatibility of dHCM with endothelial cells was demonstrated in vitro and ex ovo. Blood biocompatibility of dHCM was also shown by studying plasma protein adsorption, platelet adhesion and activation, and its hemolytic potential. Furthermore, dHCM antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus were also studied. In summary, the dHCM reticular layer side presented all the needed characteristics to be used in the inner side of a vascular graft. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the dHCM tubular construct were studied, being similar to the ones of the saphenous vein, the gold standard for autologous small-diameter vessel replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Frazão
- I3B's-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho: 3Bs Research Group, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana M Fernandes
- I3B's-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho: 3Bs Research Group, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- I3B's-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho: 3Bs Research Group, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Albino Martins
- I3B's-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho: 3Bs Research Group, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H Silva
- I3B's-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho: 3Bs Research Group, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Vieira de Castro
- I3B's-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho: 3Bs Research Group, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Nogueira-Silva
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno M Neves
- I3B's-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho: 3Bs Research Group, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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20
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Antibacterial Treatment of Selected High-Touch Objects and Surfaces within Provision of Nursing Care in Terms of Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060675. [PMID: 34199992 PMCID: PMC8228692 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of healthcare-associated infections is an important part of providing nursing care. High-touch objects and surfaces that can be contaminated with various bacteria are matters of concern. The possibility of reducing contamination is the use of antibacterial and hydrophobic nanolayers. The aim of this study was to determine, by means of an experimental method, the microbial efficacy of applied antibacterial and hydrophobic nanolayers on high-touch objects and surfaces used in nursing practice in a regional hospital in the Czech Republic. The results show that the antibacterial efficacy of the applied nanolayer was not demonstrated. Furthermore, the results show that selected objects and surfaces can always be contaminated by bacterial agents in about 1/3 of cases. It is mainly contamination with nonpathogenic bacteria; however, the presence of pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, has also been detected. The results of this study pinpoint the importance of following the basic rules for the use of decontaminated objects and surfaces used to provide healthcare.
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21
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Faucher S, Lundberg DJ, Liang XA, Jin X, Phillips R, Parviz D, Buongiorno J, Strano MS. A virucidal face mask based on the reverse-flow reactor concept for thermal inactivation of SARS-CoV-2. AIChE J 2021; 67:e17250. [PMID: 33785962 PMCID: PMC7995042 DOI: 10.1002/aic.17250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
While facial coverings reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by viral filtration, masks capable of viral inactivation by heating can provide a complementary method to limit transmission. Inspired by reverse-flow chemical reactors, we introduce a new virucidal face mask concept driven by the oscillatory flow of human breath. The governing heat and mass transport equations are solved to evaluate virus and CO2 transport. Given limits imposed by the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 thermal inactivation, human breath, safety, and comfort, heated masks may inactivate SARS-CoV-2 to medical-grade sterility. We detail one design, with a volume of 300 ml at 90°C that achieves a 3-log reduction in viral load with minimal impedance within the mask mesh, with partition coefficient around 2. This is the first quantitative analysis of virucidal thermal inactivation within a protective face mask, and addresses a pressing need for new approaches for personal protective equipment during a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Faucher
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel James Lundberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Xinyao Anna Liang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Xiaojia Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Rosalie Phillips
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Dorsa Parviz
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Jacopo Buongiorno
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Michael S. Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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22
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Ghavamian S, Hay ID, Habibi R, Lithgow T, Cadarso VJ. Three-Dimensional Micropatterning Deters Early Bacterial Adherence and Can Eliminate Colonization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23339-23351. [PMID: 33974396 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing strategies to prevent bacterial infections that do not rely on the use of drugs is regarded globally as an important means to stem the tide of antimicrobial resistance, as argued by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Mendelson, M.; Matsoso, M. P. The World Health Organization Global Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance. S. Afr. Med. J. 2015, 105 (5), 325-325. DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.9644). Given that many antimicrobial-resistant infections are caused by the bacterial colonization of indwelling medical devices such as catheters and ventilators, the use of microengineered surfaces to prevent the initial attachment of microbes to these devices is a promising solution. In this work, it is demonstrated that 3D engineered surfaces can inhibit the initial phases of surface colonization for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, representing the three most common catheter-associated urinary tract bacterial infections, identified by the WHO as urgent threats. A variety of designs including 11 different topographies and configurations that exhibited random distributions, sharp protrusions, and/or curvilinear shapes with dimensions ranging between 500 nm and 2 μm were tested to better understand the initial stages of surface colonization and how to optimize the design of fabricated surfaces for improved inhibition. These topographies were fabricated in two configurations to obtain either a standard 2D cross section or a 3D engineered topography using a novel UV lithography process enabling cost-efficient high-throughput manufacturing. Evaluating both the number of adhered bacteria and microcolonies formed by all three bacterial pathogens on the different surfaces provides insight into the initial colonization phase of bacterial growth on the various surfaces. The results demonstrate that both initial attachment and subsequent colonization can be significantly reduced on concrete 3D engineered patterns when compared to flat substrates and standard 2D micropatterns. Thus, this technology has great potential to reduce the colonization of bacteria on surfaces in clinical settings without the need for chemical treatments that might enhance antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ghavamian
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Iain D Hay
- Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ruhollah Habibi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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23
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Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Inanimate Surfaces and Equipment in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5519847. [PMID: 34095296 PMCID: PMC8137297 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5519847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Hospital-acquired infections have remained a serious cause of mortality, morbidity, and extended hospitalization. Bacterial contamination of inanimate surfaces of the hospital environment and equipment is considered a major contributing factor to the development of several nosocomial infections worldwide. The hospital environment and many devices are an important reservoir of many clinically important bacterial agents including multidrug-resistant pathogens. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis are aimed at investigating bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns of inanimate surfaces and equipment in Ethiopia. Methods An exhaustive literature search was carried out using the major electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Wiley online library to identify potentially relevant studies without date restriction. Original articles which address the research question were identified, screened, and included using the PRISMA flow diagram. Data extraction was prepared in Microsoft Excel, and data quality was assessed by using 9-point Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Then, data were exported to STATA 16.0 software for analyses of pooled estimation of outcome measures. Estimation of outcome measures at a 95% confidence interval was performed using DerSimonian-Laird's random-effects model. Finally, results were presented via text, figures, and tables. Results A total of 18 studies with 3058 bacterial isolates recovered from 3423 swab specimens were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of bacterial contamination of inanimate surfaces and equipment was found 70% (95% CI: 59, 82). Among the Gram-negative bacterial species, the prevalence of ampicillin-resistant K. pneumoniae was the highest 80% (95% CI: 78, 92) followed by Citrobacter species 78% (95% CI: 57, 83). Conclusion This study has shown a high prevalence of bacterial contamination of inanimate surfaces and equipment in Ethiopia.
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24
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Perez-Gavilan A, de Castro JV, Arana A, Merino S, Retolaza A, Alves SA, Francone A, Kehagias N, Sotomayor-Torres CM, Cocina D, Mortera R, Crapanzano S, Pelegrín CJ, Garrigos MC, Jiménez A, Galindo B, Araque MC, Dykeman D, Neves NM, Marimón JM. Antibacterial activity testing methods for hydrophobic patterned surfaces. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6675. [PMID: 33758227 PMCID: PMC7988007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One strategy to decrease the incidence of hospital-acquired infections is to avoid the survival of pathogens in the environment by the development of surfaces with antimicrobial activity. To study the antibacterial behaviour of active surfaces, different approaches have been developed of which ISO 22916 is the standard. To assess the performance of different testing methodologies to analyse the antibacterial activity of hydrophobic surface patterned plastics as part of a Horizon 2020 European research project. Four different testing methods were used to study the antibacterial activity of a patterned film, including the ISO 22916 standard, the immersion method, the touch-transfer inoculation method, and the swab inoculation method, this latter developed specifically for this project. The non-realistic test conditions of the ISO 22916 standard showed this method to be non-appropriate in the study of hydrophobic patterned surfaces. The immersion method also showed no differences between patterned films and smooth controls due to the lack of attachment of testing bacteria on both surfaces. The antibacterial activity of films could be demonstrated by the touch-transfer and the swab inoculation methods, that more precisely mimicked the way of high-touch surfaces contamination, and showed to be the best methodologies to test the antibacterial activity of patterned hydrophobic surfaces. A new ISO standard would be desirable as the reference method to study the antibacterial behaviour of patterned surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Perez-Gavilan
- Biodonostia, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Microbiology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Joana Vieira de Castro
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute On Biomaterials, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal and The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ainara Arana
- Biodonostia, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Microbiology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Santos Merino
- Tekniker. Iñaki Goenaga 5, 20600, Eibar, Spain.,Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad Del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | | | | | - Achille Francone
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Kehagias
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clivia M Sotomayor-Torres
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Donato Cocina
- Propagroup S.P.a. - R&D Department, via Genova 5/b, 10098, Rivoli (Turin), Italy
| | - Renato Mortera
- Propagroup S.P.a. - R&D Department, via Genova 5/b, 10098, Rivoli (Turin), Italy
| | - Salvatore Crapanzano
- Propagroup S.P.a. - R&D Department, via Genova 5/b, 10098, Rivoli (Turin), Italy
| | - Carlos Javier Pelegrín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Carmen Garrigos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alfonso Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Begoña Galindo
- AIMPLAS Technological Institute of Polymers, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Araque
- AIMPLAS Technological Institute of Polymers, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Donna Dykeman
- Materials Business Unit, Collaborative R&D Department, Ansys Inc, Cambridge, CB17EG, UK
| | - Nuno M Neves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute On Biomaterials, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal and The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jose Maria Marimón
- Biodonostia, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Microbiology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain. .,Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Paseo Dr Beguiristain s/n, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
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25
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Arias SL, Devorkin J, Civantos A, Allain JP. Escherichia coli Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Polydimethylsiloxane are Independent of Substrate Stiffness. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:16-25. [PMID: 32255642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on the surface of biomedical devices are detrimental processes that compromise patient safety and material functionality. Several physicochemical factors are involved in biofilm growth, including the surface properties. Among these, material stiffness has recently been suggested to influence microbial adhesion and biofilm growth in a variety of polymers and hydrogels. However, no clear consensus exists about the role of material stiffness in biofilm initiation and whether very compliant substrates are deleterious to bacterial cell adhesion. Here, by systematically tuning substrate topography and stiffness while keeping the surface free energy of polydimethylsiloxane substrates constant, we show that topographical patterns at the micron and submicron scale impart unique properties to the surface which are independent of the material stiffness. The current work provides a better understanding of the role of material stiffness in bacterial physiology and may constitute a cost-effective and simple strategy to reduce bacterial attachment and biofilm growth even in very compliant and hydrophobic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Arias
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joshua Devorkin
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ana Civantos
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jean Paul Allain
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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26
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Mobini S, Kuliasha CA, Siders ZA, Bohmann NA, Jamal SM, Judy JW, Schmidt CE, Brennan AB. Microtopographical patterns promote different responses in fibroblasts and Schwann cells: A possible feature for neural implants. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:64-76. [PMID: 32419308 PMCID: PMC8059778 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The chronic reliability of bioelectronic neural interfaces has been challenged by foreign body reactions (FBRs) resulting in fibrotic encapsulation and poor integration with neural tissue. Engineered microtopographies could alleviate these challenges by manipulating cellular responses to the implanted device. Parallel microchannels have been shown to modulate neuronal cell alignment and axonal growth, and Sharklet™ microtopographies of targeted feature sizes can modulate bio-adhesion of an array of bacteria, marine organisms, and epithelial cells due to their unique geometry. We hypothesized that a Sharklet™ micropattern could be identified that inhibited fibroblasts partially responsible for FBR while promoting Schwann cell proliferation and alignment. in vitro cell assays were used to screen the effect of Sharklet™ and channel micropatterns of varying dimensions from 2 to 20 μm on fibroblast and Schwann cell metrics (e.g., morphology/alignment, nuclei count, metabolic activity), and a hierarchical analysis of variance was used to compare treatments. In general, Schwann cells were found to be more metabolically active and aligned than fibroblasts when compared between the same pattern. 20 μm wide channels spaced 2 μm apart were found to promote Schwann cell attachment and alignment while simultaneously inhibiting fibroblasts and warrant further in vivo study on neural interface devices. No statistically significant trends between cellular responses and geometrical parameters were identified because mammalian cells can change their morphology dependent on their environment in a manner dissimilar to bacteria. Our results showed although surface patterning is a strong physical tool for modulating cell behavior, responses to micropatterns are highly dependent on the cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahba Mobini
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida, USA
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Cary A. Kuliasha
- Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology, University of Florida, USA
| | - Zachary A. Siders
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, USA
| | - Nicole A. Bohmann
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida, USA
| | - Syed-Mustafa Jamal
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida, USA
| | - Jack W. Judy
- Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology, University of Florida, USA
| | - Christine E. Schmidt
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida, USA
| | - Anthony B. Brennan
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Florida, USA
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27
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Liu Q, Brookbank L, Ho A, Coffey J, Brennan AB, Jones CJ. Surface texture limits transfer of S. aureus, T4 bacteriophage, influenza B virus and human coronavirus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244518. [PMID: 33370781 PMCID: PMC7769612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spread of pathogens on contaminated surfaces plays a key role in disease transmission. Surface technologies that control pathogen transfer can help control fomite transmission and are of great interest to public health. Here, we report a novel bead transfer method for evaluating fomite transmission in common laboratory settings. We show that this method meets several important criteria for quantitative test methods, including reasonableness, relevancy, resemblance, responsiveness, and repeatability, and therefore may be adaptable for standardization. In addition, this method can be applied to a wide variety of pathogens including bacteria, phage, and human viruses. Using the bead transfer method, we demonstrate that an engineered micropattern limits transfer of Staphylococcus aureus by 97.8% and T4 bacteriophage by 93.0% on silicone surfaces. Furthermore, the micropattern significantly reduces transfer of influenza B virus and human coronavirus on silicone and polypropylene surfaces. Our results highlight the potential of using surface texture as a valuable new strategy in combating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Sharklet Technologies, Inc. Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | | | - Angela Ho
- Sharklet Technologies, Inc. Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Jenna Coffey
- Sharklet Technologies, Inc. Aurora, CO, United States of America
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28
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Black WD. A comparison of several media types and basic techniques used to assess outdoor airborne fungi in Melbourne, Australia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238901. [PMID: 33338037 PMCID: PMC7748268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent increase in interest in indoor air quality regarding mould, there is no universally accepted standard media for the detection of airborne fungi, nor verification of many commonly used techniques. Commonly used media including malt-extract agar (MEA), Sabouraud dextrose agar (Sab), potato dextrose agar (PDA) with and without antibiotics chloramphenicol & gentamycin (CG) were compared for their suitability in detecting a range of airborne fungi by collecting 150 L outdoor air on a number of different days and seasons via an Anderson 400-hole sampler in suburban Melbourne, Australia. There was relatively little variation in mean numbers of colony forming units (CFU) and types of fungi recovered between MEA, PDA, Sab media groups relative to variation within each group. There was a significant difference between Sab, Dichloran-18% glycerol (DG18) and V8® Original juice agar media, however. Antibiotics reliably prevented the growth of bacteria that typically interfered with the growth and appearance of fungal colonies. There was no significant evidence for a growth enhancing factor from potato, mineral supplements or various vegetable juices. Differing glucose concentrations had modest effects, showing a vague ideal at 2%-4% with peptone. Sanitisation of the aluminium Andersen 400-hole sampler top-plate by flame is possible, but not strictly required nor advisable. The use of SabCG as a standard medium was generally supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley D. Black
- Biotopia Environmental Assessment, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Stone W, Tolmay J, Tucker K, Wolfaardt GM. Disinfectant, Soap or Probiotic Cleaning? Surface Microbiome Diversity and Biofilm Competitive Exclusion. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111726. [PMID: 33158159 PMCID: PMC7694204 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study extends probiotic cleaning research to a built environment. Through an eight-month cleaning trial, we compared the effect of three cleaning products (disinfectant, plain soap, and a probiotic cleaner containing a patented Bacillus spore consortium), and tap water as the control, on the resident microbiome of three common hospital surfaces (linoleum, ceramic, and stainless steel). Pathogens, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, were deposited and desiccated, and competitive exclusion was assessed for each microbiome. Cell survival was shown to be an incomplete tool for measuring microbial competitive exclusion. Biofilm competition offered a fuller understanding of competitive dynamics. A test for culturable cell survival showed that both plain soap and probiotic cleaner regimes established a surface microbiome that outcompeted the two pathogens. A different picture emerged when observing biofilms with a deposited and desiccated GFP-labeled pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Competitive exclusion was again demonstrated. On surfaces cleaned with disinfectant the pathogen outcompeted the microbiomes. On surfaces cleaned with plain soap, the microbiomes outcompeted the pathogen. However, on surfaces cleaned with probiotic cleaner, despite the exponentially higher surface microbial loads, the microbiome did not completely outcompete the pathogen. Thus, the standard culturable cell test for survival on a surface confirmed the competitive advantage that is typically reported for probiotic cleaners. However, observation of competition in biofilms showed that the more diverse microbiome (according to alpha and beta indices) established on a surface cleaned with plain soap had a better competitive advantage than the monoculture established by the probiotic cleaner. Therefore, microbial diversity appears to be as critical to the competitive exclusion principle as cell numbers. The study showed that both plain soap and probiotic cleaner fostered competitive exclusion far more effectively than disinfectant. Probiotic cleaners with microbial diversity could be worth considering for hospital cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Stone
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Water Institute, Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; (J.T.); (K.T.); (G.M.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Janke Tolmay
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Water Institute, Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; (J.T.); (K.T.); (G.M.W.)
| | - Keira Tucker
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Water Institute, Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; (J.T.); (K.T.); (G.M.W.)
| | - Gideon M. Wolfaardt
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Water Institute, Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; (J.T.); (K.T.); (G.M.W.)
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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30
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Faustino CMC, Lemos SMC, Monge N, Ribeiro IAC. A scope at antifouling strategies to prevent catheter-associated infections. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102230. [PMID: 32961420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of invasive medical devices is becoming more common nowadays, with catheters representing one of the most used medical devices. However, there is a risk of infection associated with the use of these devices, since they are made of materials that are prone to bacterial adhesion with biofilm formation, often requiring catheter removal as the only therapeutic option. Catheter-related urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are among the most common causes of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) worldwide while endotracheal intubation is responsible for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Therefore, to avoid the use of biocides due to the potential risk of bacterial resistance development, antifouling strategies aiming at the prevention of bacterial adherence and colonization of catheter surfaces represent important alternative measures. This review is focused on the main strategies that are able to modify the physical or chemical properties of biomaterials, leading to the creation of antiadhesive surfaces. The most promising approaches include coating the surfaces with hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(acrylamide) and poly(acrylates), betaine-based zwitterionic polymers and amphiphilic polymers or the use of bulk-modified poly(urethanes). Natural polysaccharides and its modifications with heparin, have also been used to improve hemocompatibility. Recently developed bioinspired techniques yielding very promising results in the prevention of bacterial adhesion and colonization of surfaces include slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) based on the superhydrophilic rim of the pitcher plant and the Sharklet topography inspired by the shark skin, which are potential candidates as surface-modifying approaches for biomedical devices. Concerning the potential application of most of these strategies in catheters, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to assure their efficacy and safety for possible future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia M C Faustino
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara M C Lemos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Monge
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos Educacionais (CIED), Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Campus de Benfica do IPL, 1549-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel A C Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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31
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Low ZWK, Li Z, Owh C, Chee PL, Ye E, Dan K, Chan SY, Young DJ, Loh XJ. Recent innovations in artificial skin. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:776-797. [PMID: 31820749 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a "smart", multifunctional organ that is protective, self-healing and capable of sensing and many forms of artificial skins have been developed with properties and functionalities approximating those of natural skin. Starting from specific commercial products for the treatment of burns, progress in two fields of research has since allowed these remarkable materials to be viable skin replacements for a wide range of dermatological conditions. This review maps out the development of bioengineered skin replacements and synthetic skin substitutes, including electronic skins. The specific behaviors of these skins are highlighted, and the performances of both types of artificial skins are evaluated against this. Moving beyond mere replication, highly advanced artificial skin materials are also identified as potential augmented skins that can be used as flexible electronics for health-care monitoring and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Kenny Low
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634.
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32
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Balikci E, Yilmaz B, Tahmasebifar A, Baran ET, Kara E. Surface modification strategies for hemodialysis catheters to prevent catheter-related infections: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:314-327. [PMID: 32864803 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insertion of a central venous catheter is one of the most common invasive procedures applied in hemodialysis therapy for end-stage renal disease. The most important complication of a central venous catheter is catheter-related infections that increase hospitalization and duration of intensive care unit stay, cost of treatment, mortality, and morbidity rates. Pathogenic microorganisms, such as, bacteria and fungi, enter the body from the catheter insertion site and the surface of the catheter can become colonized. The exopolysaccharide-based biofilms from bacterial colonies on the surface are the main challenge in the treatment of infections. Catheter lock solutions and systemic antibiotic treatment, which are commonly used in the treatment of hemodialysis catheter-related infections, are insufficient to prevent and terminate the infections and eventually the catheter needs to be replaced. The inadequacy of these approaches in termination and prevention of infection revealed the necessity of coating of hemodialysis catheters with bactericidal and/or antiadhesive agents. Silver compounds and nanoparticles, anticoagulants (e.g., heparin), antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin and chlorhexidine) are some of the agents used for this purpose. The effectiveness of few commercial hemodialysis catheters that were coated with antibacterial agents has been tested in clinical trials against catheter-related infections of pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with promising results. Novel biomedical materials and engineering techniques, such as, surface micro/nano patterning and the conjugation of antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, metallic cations, and hydrophilic polymers (e.g., poly [ethylene glycol]) on the surface, has been suggested recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Balikci
- Department of Tissue Engineering, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Bengi Yilmaz
- Department of Tissue Engineering, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey.,Department of Biomaterials, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Aydin Tahmasebifar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey.,Department of Biomaterials, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Erkan Türker Baran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey.,Department of Biomaterials, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Kara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey
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33
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Milazzo M, Gallone G, Marcello E, Mariniello MD, Bruschini L, Roy I, Danti S. Biodegradable Polymeric Micro/Nano-Structures with Intrinsic Antifouling/Antimicrobial Properties: Relevance in Damaged Skin and Other Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11030060. [PMID: 32825113 PMCID: PMC7563177 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial colonization of implanted biomedical devices is the main cause of healthcare-associated infections, estimated to be 8.8 million per year in Europe. Many infections originate from damaged skin, which lets microorganisms exploit injuries and surgical accesses as passageways to reach the implant site and inner organs. Therefore, an effective treatment of skin damage is highly desirable for the success of many biomaterial-related surgical procedures. Due to gained resistance to antibiotics, new antibacterial treatments are becoming vital to control nosocomial infections arising as surgical and post-surgical complications. Surface coatings can avoid biofouling and bacterial colonization thanks to biomaterial inherent properties (e.g., super hydrophobicity), specifically without using drugs, which may cause bacterial resistance. The focus of this review is to highlight the emerging role of degradable polymeric micro- and nano-structures that show intrinsic antifouling and antimicrobial properties, with a special outlook towards biomedical applications dealing with skin and skin damage. The intrinsic properties owned by the biomaterials encompass three main categories: (1) physical–mechanical, (2) chemical, and (3) electrostatic. Clinical relevance in ear prostheses and breast implants is reported. Collecting and discussing the updated outcomes in this field would help the development of better performing biomaterial-based antimicrobial strategies, which are useful to prevent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Milazzo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Gallone
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Elena Marcello
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Maria Donatella Mariniello
- Doctoral School in Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Doctoral School in Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.D.)
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34
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Mori DI, Schurr MJ, Nair DP. Selective Inhibition of Streptococci Biofilm Growth via a Hydroxylated Azobenzene Coating. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2020; 7:1902149. [PMID: 33575161 PMCID: PMC7872137 DOI: 10.1002/admi.201902149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to engineer surfaces that can enable the selective inhibition of bacterial pathogens while preserving beneficial microbes can serve as tools to precisely edit the microbiome. In the oral microbiome, this selectivity is crucial in preventing the proliferation of cariogenic species such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). In this communication, coatings consisting of a covalently tethered hydroxylated azobenzene (OH-AAZO) on glassy acrylic resins are studied and characterized for their ability to selectively prevent the attachment and growth of oral Streptococci biofilms. The coating applied on the surface of glassy resins inhibits the growth and proliferation of cariogenic S. mutans and S. oralis biofilms while A. actinomycetemcomitans, S. aureus, and E. coli biofilms are unaffected by the coating . The antibacterial effect is characterized as a function of both the OH-AAZO concentration in the coatings (≥50 mg mL-1) and the structure of the monomer in the coating. Preliminary mechanistic results suggest that the targeted bactericidal effect against Streptococci species is caused by a disruption of membrane ion potential, inducing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan I Mori
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael J Schurr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Devatha P Nair
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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35
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Protruding Nanostructured Surfaces for Antimicrobial and Osteogenic Titanium Implants. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10080756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protruding nanostructured surfaces have gained increasing interest due to their unique wetting behaviours and more recently their antimicrobial and osteogenic properties. Rapid development in nanofabrication techniques that offer high throughput and versatility on titanium substrate open up the possibility for better orthopaedic and dental implants that deter bacterial colonisation while promoting osteointegration. In this review we present a brief overview of current problems associated with bacterial infection of titanium implants and of efforts to fabricate titanium implants that have both bactericidal and osteogenic properties. All of the proposed mechano-bactericidal mechanisms of protruding nanostructured surfaces are then considered so as to explore the potential advantages and disadvantages of adopting such novel technologies for use in future implant applications. Different nanofabrication methods that can be utilised to fabricate such nanostructured surfaces on titanium substrate are briefly discussed.
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36
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Chaudhury A, Korompili G, Mitra M, Chronis N. A 3D-printed, touch-activated, sanitizer dispensing device for reducing healthcare-acquired infections. JOURNAL OF 3D PRINTING IN MEDICINE 2020; 4:91-104. [DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Abstract
Aim: We present a touch-activated, sanitizer dispensing (TSD) device, intended to be mounted on high-touch surfaces, that aims to reduce nosocomial infections. It disinfects the person’s hand touching its surface while being self-sterilizing. Materials & methods: The TSD device consists of an array of 3D-printed, passive, miniaturized, mechanical valves that dispense a small amount of liquid sanitizer when touched. Its mechanical performance and disinfecting efficiency were quantified using simulations and experimental tests. Results & conclusion: The TSD device has a disinfecting efficiency comparable to the standard hand sanitizing approach, reducing the microbiological load by approximately 30-times. It can be easily mounted on high-touch surfaces in a healthcare setting and it is expected to greatly reduce the spread of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ray Chaudhury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Georgia Korompili
- Institute of Nanotechnology & Nanoscience, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, Aghia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Mainak Mitra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nikolaos Chronis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Institute of Nanotechnology & Nanoscience, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, Aghia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Vassilika Voutes GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
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Machado-Paula MM, Corat MAF, Lancellotti M, Mi G, Marciano FR, Vega ML, Hidalgo AA, Webster TJ, Lobo AO. A comparison between electrospinning and rotary-jet spinning to produce PCL fibers with low bacteria colonization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 111:110706. [PMID: 32279777 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the important components in tissue engineering is material structure, providing a model for fixing and the development of cells and tissues, which allows for the transport of nutrients and regulatory molecules to and from cells. The community claims the need for new materials with better properties for use in the clinic. Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a biodegradable polymer, semi crystalline, with superior mechanical properties and has attracted an increasing interest due to its usefulness in various biomedical applications. Herein, two different methods (electrospinning versus rotary jet spinning) with different concentrations of PCL produced ultra thin-fibers each with particular characteristics, verified and analyzed by morphology, wettability, thermal and cytotoxicity features and for bacteria colonization. Different PCL scaffold morphologies were found to be dependent on the fabrication method used. All PCL scaffolds showed greater mammalian cell interactions. Most impressively, rotary-jet spun fibers showed that a special rough surface decreased bacteria colonization, emphasizing that no nanoparticle or antibiotic was used; maybe this effect is related with physical (scaffold) and/or biological mechanisms. Thus, this study showed that rotary jet spun fibers possess a special topography compared to electrospun fibers to reduce bacteria colonization and present no cytotoxicity when in contact with mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Machado-Paula
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São Jose dos Campos, SP 12244 - 000, Brazil; Nanomedicine Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M A F Corat
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-877, Brazil
| | - M Lancellotti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutic Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-877, Brazil
| | - G Mi
- Nanomedicine Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - F R Marciano
- Nanomedicine Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Physics, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - M L Vega
- Materials and Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - A A Hidalgo
- Materials and Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - T J Webster
- Nanomedicine Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - A O Lobo
- Nanomedicine Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Engineering, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Pogoreutz C, Gore MA, Perna G, Millar C, Nestler R, Ormond RF, Clarke CR, Voolstra CR. Similar bacterial communities on healthy and injured skin of black tip reef sharks. Anim Microbiome 2019; 1:9. [PMID: 33499949 PMCID: PMC7807711 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-019-0011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sharks are in severe global decline due to human exploitation. The additional concern of emerging diseases for this ancient group of fish, however, remains poorly understood. While wild-caught and captive sharks may be susceptible to bacterial and transmissible diseases, recent reports suggest that shark skin may harbor properties that prevent infection, such as a specialized ultrastructure or innate immune properties, possibly related to associated microbial assemblages. To assess whether bacterial community composition differs between visibly healthy and insulted (injured) shark skin, we compared bacterial assemblages of skin covering the gills and the back from 44 wild-caught black-tip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) from the Amirante Islands (Seychelles) via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results Shark skin-associated bacterial communities were diverse (5971 bacterial taxa from 375 families) and dominated by three families of the phylum Proteobacteria typical of marine organisms and environments (Rhodobacteraceae, Alteromonadaceae, Halomonadaceae). Significant differences in bacterial community composition of skin were observed for sharks collected from different sites, but not between healthy or injured skin samples or skin type (gills vs. back). The core microbiome (defined as bacterial taxa present in ≥50% of all samples) consisted of 12 bacterial taxa, which are commonly observed in marine organisms, some of which may be associated with animal host health. Conclusion The conserved bacterial community composition of healthy and injured shark skin samples suggests absence of severe bacterial infections or substantial pathogen propagation upon skin insult. While a mild bacterial infection may have gone undetected, the overall conserved bacterial community implies that bacterial function(s) may be maintained in injured skin. At present, the contribution of bacteria, besides intrinsic animal host factors, to counter skin infection and support rapid wound healing in sharks are unknown. This represents clear knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future work, e.g. by screening for antimicrobial properties of skin-associated bacterial isolates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s42523-019-0011-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pogoreutz
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mauvis A Gore
- Marine Conservation International, South Queensferry, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Gabriela Perna
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catriona Millar
- Marine Conservation International, South Queensferry, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Robert Nestler
- Veterinär-Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rupert F Ormond
- Marine Conservation International, South Queensferry, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. .,Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. .,Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Christian R Voolstra
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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Chang TL, Zhou X, Liang J. Synthesis and characterization of Ag-Cu alloy nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications: A polydopamine chemistry application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:675-684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pelling H, Nzakizwanayo J, Milo S, Denham EL, MacFarlane WM, Bock LJ, Sutton JM, Jones BV. Bacterial biofilm formation on indwelling urethral catheters. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:277-293. [PMID: 30811615 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Urethral catheters are the most commonly deployed medical devices and used to manage a wide range of conditions in both hospital and community care settings. The use of long-term catheterization, where the catheter remains in place for a period >28 days remains common, and the care of these patients is often undermined by the acquisition of infections and formation of biofilms on catheter surfaces. Particular problems arise from colonization with urease-producing species such as Proteus mirabilis, which form unusual crystalline biofilms that encrust catheter surfaces and block urine flow. Encrustation and blockage often lead to a range of serious clinical complications and emergency hospital referrals in long-term catheterized patients. Here we review current understanding of bacterial biofilm formation on urethral catheters, with a focus on crystalline biofilm formation by P. mirabilis, as well as approaches that may be used to control biofilm formation on these devices. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Urinary catheters are the most commonly used medical devices in many healthcare systems, but their use predisposes to infection and provide ideal conditions for bacterial biofilm formation. Patients managed by long-term urethral catheterization are particularly vulnerable to biofilm-related infections, with crystalline biofilm formation by urease producing species frequently leading to catheter blockage and other serious clinical complications. This review considers current knowledge regarding biofilm formation on urethral catheters, and possible strategies for their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pelling
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - J Nzakizwanayo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - S Milo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - E L Denham
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - W M MacFarlane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - L J Bock
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - J M Sutton
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - B V Jones
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
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Low ZWK, Li Z, Owh C, Chee PL, Ye E, Kai D, Yang DP, Loh XJ. Using Artificial Skin Devices as Skin Replacements: Insights into Superficial Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805453. [PMID: 30690897 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial skin devices are able to mimic the flexibility and sensory perception abilities of the skin. They have thus garnered attention in the biomedical field as potential skin replacements. This Review delves into issues pertaining to these skin-deep devices. It first elaborates on the roles that these devices have to fulfill as skin replacements, and identify strategies that are used to achieve such functionality. Following which, a comparison is done between the current state of these skin-deep devices and that of natural skin. Finally, an outlook on artificial skin devices is presented, which discusses how complementary technologies can create skin enhancements, and what challenges face such devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Kenny Low
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Cally Owh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Pei Lin Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Da-Peng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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Perera AS, Coppens MO. Re-designing materials for biomedical applications: from biomimicry to nature-inspired chemical engineering. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180268. [PMID: 30967073 PMCID: PMC6335285 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gathering inspiration from nature for the design of new materials, products and processes is a topic gaining rapid interest among scientists and engineers. In this review, we introduce the concept of nature-inspired chemical engineering (NICE). We critically examine how this approach offers advantages over straightforward biomimicry and distinguishes itself from bio-integrated design, as a systematic methodology to present innovative solutions to challenging problems. The scope of application of the nature-inspired approach is demonstrated via examples from the field of biomedicine, where much of the inspiration is still more narrowly focused on imitation or bio-integration. We conclude with an outlook on prospective future applications, offered by the more systematic and mechanistically based NICE approach, complemented by rapid progress in manufacturing, computation and robotics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayomi S. Perera
- Centre for Nature Inspired Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Marc-Olivier Coppens
- Centre for Nature Inspired Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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Kehe GM, Mori DI, Schurr MJ, Nair DP. Optically Responsive, Smart Anti-Bacterial Coatings via the Photofluidization of Azobenzenes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1760-1765. [PMID: 30605328 PMCID: PMC6552654 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial strategies sans antibiotic drugs have recently garnered much interest as a mechanism by which to inhibit biofilm formation and growth on surfaces due to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Based on the photofluidization of azobenzenes, we demonstrate for the first time the ability achieve up to a 4 log reduction in bacterial biofilms by opto-mechanically activating the disruption and dispersion of biofilms. This unique strategy with which to enable biofilm removal offers a novel paradigm with which to combat antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gannon M. Kehe
- Department of Craniofacial Biology and University of Colorado-School of Dental Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Dylan I. Mori
- Department of Craniofacial Biology and University of Colorado-School of Dental Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Michael J. Schurr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado-School of Dental Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Devatha P. Nair
- Department of Craniofacial Biology and University of Colorado-School of Dental Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Peters A, Otter J, Moldovan A, Parneix P, Voss A, Pittet D. Keeping hospitals clean and safe without breaking the bank; summary of the Healthcare Cleaning Forum 2018. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018. [PMCID: PMC6225655 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Keeping hospitals clean is a crucial patient safety issue. The importance of the hospital environment in patient care has only recently been recognized widely in infection prevention and control (IPC). In order to create a movement for change, a group of international infection control experts teamed up with Interclean, the largest cleaning trade-show in the world to create the Healthcare Cleaning Forum. This paper is the result of this conference, which featured leaders in healthcare environmental science from across Europe. Although the available literature is limited, there is now enough evidence to demonstrate that maintaining the hygiene of the hospital environment helps prevent infections. Still, good interventional studies are rare, the quality of products and methods available is heterogeneous, and environmental hygiene personnel is often relatively untrained, unmotivated, under-paid, and under-appreciated by other actors in the hospital. Coupled with understaffed environmental hygiene service departments, this creates lasting issues in regards to patient and healthcare worker safety. The Healthcare Cleaning Forum was designed as a platform for healthcare experts, cleaning experts, hospital managers and industry to meet productively. The conference aimed to summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge in the field, create awareness and dialogue, challenge dogma and begin to shape a research agenda for developing the field of hospital hygiene and environmental control. Hospital environmental hygiene is far more complex than other types of cleaning; further evidence-based research in the field is needed. It involves the integration of current and new technologies with human elements that must work together synergistically to achieve optimal results. The education, training and career development, behavior, and work organization of environmental hygiene personnel are at the core of the proposals for the creation of a global initiative. Ultimately, what is needed is a reevaluation of how hospitals view environmental hygiene: not just as an area from which to cut costs, but one that can add value. Hospitals and key stakeholders must work together to change how we maintain the hospital environment in order to better protect patients.
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Bhatta DR, Hamal D, Shrestha R, Hosuru Subramanya S, Baral N, Singh RK, Nayak N, Gokhale S. Bacterial contamination of frequently touched objects in a tertiary care hospital of Pokhara, Nepal: how safe are our hands? Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:97. [PMID: 30128144 PMCID: PMC6091187 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objects frequently touched by patients and healthcare workers in hospitals harbor potential pathogens and may act as source of infectious agents. This study aimed to determine the bacterial contamination of common hospital objects frequently touched by patients, visitors and healthcare workers. Methods A total of 232 samples were collected from various sites like surface of biometric attendance devices, elevator buttons, door handles, staircase railings, telephone sets and water taps. Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by standard microbiological techniques. Biofilm forming ability of the S. aureus isolates was tested by a microtitre plate method. Results A total of 232 samples were collected and 219 bacterial isolates were recovered from 181 samples. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterial isolate (44/219). Majority of S. aureus isolates were recovered from elevator buttons, biometric attendance devices and door handles. Among the S. aureus isolates, 36.3% (16/44) were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) while remaining were methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Out of 44 S. aureus isolates, 12 (29.5%) were multidrug resistant and 14 (31.8%) were biofilm producers. The majority of MRSA isolates 62.5% (10/16) were biofilm producers. Acinetobacter was the most common Gram negative isolate followed by E coli and Pseudomonas species. Conclusions High bacterial contamination of frequently touched objects with variety of potential pathogens and normal flora was detected. S. aureus was the most common bacterial isolate. Biofilm forming ability offers additional survival advantage to the organisms on these objects. Present study highlights the need of improved hand hygiene among healthcare workers and regular cleaning/disinfection of sites of frequent public contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharm Raj Bhatta
- Department of Microbiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Deependra Hamal
- Department of Microbiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Rajani Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | | | - Nisha Baral
- Department of Microbiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Niranjan Nayak
- Department of Microbiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Shishir Gokhale
- Department of Microbiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
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Orapiriyakul W, Young PS, Damiati L, Tsimbouri PM. Antibacterial surface modification of titanium implants in orthopaedics. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418789838. [PMID: 30083308 PMCID: PMC6071164 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418789838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biomaterials in orthopaedics for joint replacement, fracture healing and bone regeneration is a rapidly expanding field. Infection of these biomaterials is a major healthcare burden, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the cost to healthcare systems is increasing dramatically. With advances in implant design and production, research has predominately focussed on osseointegration; however, modification of implant material, surface topography and chemistry can also provide antibacterial activity. With the increasing burden of infection, it is vitally important that we consider the bacterial interaction with the biomaterial and the host when designing and manufacturing future implants. During this review, we will elucidate the interaction between patient, biomaterial surface and bacteria. We aim to review current and developing surface modifications with a view towards antibacterial orthopaedic implants for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wich Orapiriyakul
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter S Young
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laila Damiati
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Transmission of Monospecies and Dual-Species Biofilms from Smooth to Nanopillared Surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01035-18. [PMID: 29802194 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01035-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of bacteria in biofilms from donor to receiver surfaces precedes the formation of biofilms in many applications. Biofilm transmission is different from bacterial adhesion, because it involves biofilm compression in between two surfaces, followed by a separation force leading to the detachment of the biofilm from the donor surface and subsequent adhesion to the receiver surface. Therewith, the transmission depends on a balance between donor and receiver surface properties and the cohesiveness of the biofilm itself. Here, we compare bacterial transmission from biofilms of an extracellular-polymeric-substance (EPS)-producing and a non-EPS-producing staphylococcal strain and a dual-species oral biofilm from smooth silicon (Si) donor surfaces to smooth and nanopillared Si receiver surfaces. Biofilms were fully covering the donor surface before transmission. However, after transmission, the biofilms only partly covered the donor and receiver surfaces regardless of nanopillaring, indicating bacterial transmission through adhesive failure at the interface between biofilms and donor surfaces as well as through cohesive failure in the biofilms. The numbers of bacteria per unit volume in EPS-producing staphylococcal biofilms before transmission were 2-fold smaller than in biofilms of the non-EPS-producing strain and of dual species. This difference increased after transmission in the biofilm left behind on the donor surfaces due to an increased bacterial density for the non-EPS-producing strain and a dual-species biofilm. This suggests that biofilms of the non-EPS-producing strain and dual species remained compressed after transmission, while biofilms of the EPS-producing strain were induced to produce more EPS during transmission and relaxed toward their initial state after transmission due to the viscoelasticity conferred to the biofilm by its EPS.IMPORTANCE Bacterial transmission from biofilm-covered surfaces to surfaces is mechanistically different from bacterial adhesion to surfaces and involves detachment from the donor and adhesion to the receiver surfaces under pressure. Bacterial transmission occurs, for instance, in food processing or packaging, in household situations, or between surfaces in hospitals. Patients admitted to a hospital room previously occupied by a patient with antibiotic-resistant pathogens are at elevated infection risk by the same pathogens through transmission. Nanopillared receiver surfaces did not collect less biofilm from a smooth donor than a smooth receiver, likely because the pressure applied during transmission negated the smaller contact area between bacteria and nanopillared surfaces, generally held responsible for reduced adhesion. Biofilm left behind on smooth donor surfaces of a non-extracellular-polymeric-substance (EPS)-producing strain and dual species had undergone different structural changes than an EPS-producing strain, which is important for their possible further treatment by antimicrobials or disinfectants.
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Lagree K, Mon HH, Mitchell AP, Ducker WA. Impact of surface topography on biofilm formation by Candida albicans. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197925. [PMID: 29912894 PMCID: PMC6005505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a fungal pathogen that causes serious biofilm-based infections. Here we have asked whether surface topography may affect C. albicans biofilm formation. We tested biofilm growth of the prototypical wild-type strain SC5314 on a series of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solids. The surfaces were prepared with monolayer coatings of monodisperse spherical silica particles that were fused together into a film using silica menisci. The surface topography was varied by varying the diameter of the silica particles that were used to form the film. Biofilm formation was observed to be a strong function of particle size. In the particle size range 4.0-8.0 μm, there was much more biofilm than in the size range 0.5-2.0 μm. The behavior of a clinical isolate from a clade separate from SC5314, strain p76067, showed results similar to that of SC5314. Our results suggest that topographic coatings may be a promising approach to reduce C. albicans biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Lagree
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Htwe H. Mon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Aaron P. Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - William A. Ducker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
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Chang YR, Weeks ER, Ducker WA. Surface Topography Hinders Bacterial Surface Motility. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:9225-9234. [PMID: 29469562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the surface motility of the bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is hindered by a crystalline hemispherical topography with wavelength in the range of 2-8 μm. The motility was determined by the analysis of time-lapse microscopy images of cells in a flowing growth medium maintained at 37 °C. The net displacement of bacteria over 5 min is much lower on surfaces containing 2-8 μm hemispheres than on flat topography, but displacement on the 1 μm hemispheres is not lower. That is, there is a threshold between 1 and 2 μm for response to the topography. Cells on the 4 μm hemispheres were more likely to travel parallel to the local crystal axis than in other directions. Cells on the 8 μm topography were less likely to travel across the crowns of the hemispheres and were also more likely to make 30°-50° turns than on flat surfaces. These results show that surface topography can act as a significant barrier to surface motility and may therefore hinder surface exploration by bacteria. Because surface exploration can be a part of the process whereby bacteria form colonies and seek nutrients, these results help to elucidate the mechanism by which surface topography hinders biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yow-Ren Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Eric R Weeks
- Department of Physics , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - William A Ducker
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
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Mon H, Chang YR, Ritter AL, Falkinham JO, Ducker WA. Effects of Colloidal Crystals, Antibiotics, and Surface-Bound Antimicrobials on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Surface Density. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:257-265. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Htwe Mon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Center for Soft Matter and Biological
Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yow-Ren Chang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Center for Soft Matter and Biological
Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - A. L. Ritter
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Center for Soft Matter and Biological
Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Joseph O. Falkinham
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - William A. Ducker
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Center for Soft Matter and Biological
Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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