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Zhang F, Qian H. A comprehensive review of the environmental benefits of urban green spaces. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118837. [PMID: 38570129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This detailed analysis highlights the numerous environmental benefits provided by urban green spaces, emphasizing their critical role in improving urban life quality and advancing sustainable development. The review delves into critical themes such as the impact of urban green spaces on human health, the complex interplay between urban ecology and sustainability, and the evaluation of ecosystem services using a comprehensive review of existing literature. The investigation thoroughly examines various aspects of green infrastructure, shedding light on its contributions to social cohesion, human well-being, and environmental sustainability in general. The analysis summarizes the study's findings and demonstrates the critical role of urban green spaces in urban ecology, which significantly mitigates environmental challenges. The intricate links between these green spaces and human health are thoroughly investigated, with benefits ranging from enhanced mental and physical well-being to comprehensive mental health. Furthermore, the analysis emphasizes how green spaces benefit urban development by increasing property values, boosting tourism, and creating job opportunities. The discussion also considers possible futures, emphasizing the integration of technology, the advancement of natural solutions, and the critical importance of prioritizing health and well-being in the design of urban green spaces. To ensure that urban green spaces are developed and maintained as essential components of resilient and sustainable urban environments, the assessment concludes with practical recommendations for communities, urban planners, and legislators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Haochen Qian
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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2
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Pereponova A, Lischeid G, Grahmann K, Bellingrath-Kimura SD, Ewert FA. Use of the term "landscape" in sustainable agriculture research: A literature review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22173. [PMID: 38053865 PMCID: PMC10694147 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding consensus in definitions of commonly-used terms and concepts is a key requirement to enable cooperations between interdisciplinary scientists and practitioners in inter- or transdisciplinary projects. In research on sustainable agriculture, the term 'landscape' is emphasised in particular, being used in studies that range from biogeochemical to socio-economic topics. However, it is normally used in a rather unspecific manner. Moreover, different disciplines assign deviating meanings to this term, which impedes interdisciplinary understanding and synthesis. To close this gap, a systematic literature review from relevant disciplines was conducted to identify a common understanding of the term "landscape". Three general categories of landscape conceptualizations were identified. In a small subset of studies, "landscape" is defined by area size or by natural or anthropogenic borders. The majority of reviewed papers, though, define landscapes as sets of relationships between various elements. Selection of respective elements differed widely depending on research objects. Based on these findings, a new definition of landscape is proposed, which can be operationalized by interdisciplinary researchers to define a common study object and which allows for sufficient flexibility depending on specific research questions. It also avoids over-emphasis on specific spatio-temporal relations at the "landscape scale", which may be context-dependent. Agricultural landscape research demands for study-specific definitions which should be meticulously provided in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pereponova
- Postdoctoral Researcher at Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Germany
| | - Gunnar Lischeid
- Co-Head of Research Platform Data Analysis and Simulation at the Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF, and Professor at University of Potsdam, Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, Germany
| | - Kathrin Grahmann
- Tenure Track Candidate at the Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Germany
| | - Sonoko Dorothea Bellingrath-Kimura
- Co-Head of Research Area 2 at Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) and Professor at Humboldt University of Berlin, Department of Agronomy and Crop Science, Germany
| | - Frank A. Ewert
- Scientific Director of the Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) and Professor at the University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Germany
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3
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Ghatak A, Chaturvedi P, Waldherr S, Subbarao GV, Weckwerth W. PANOMICS at the interface of root-soil microbiome and BNI. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:106-122. [PMID: 36229336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification and denitrification are soil biological processes responsible for large nitrogen losses from agricultural soils and generation of the greenhouse gas (GHG) N2O. Increased use of nitrogen fertilizer and the resulting decline in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) are a major concern in agroecosystems. This nitrogen cycle in the rhizosphere is influenced by an intimate soil microbiome-root exudate interaction and biological nitrification inhibition (BNI). A PANOMICS approach can dissect these processes. We review breakthroughs in this area, including identification and characterization of root exudates by metabolomics and proteomics, which facilitate better understanding of belowground chemical communications and help identify new biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs). We also address challenges for advancing the understanding of the role root exudates play in biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Steffen Waldherr
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guntur Venkata Subbarao
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Iglesias MC, Hermoso V, Campos JC, Carvalho-Santos C, Fernandes PM, Freitas TR, Honrado JP, Santos JA, Sil Â, Regos A, Azevedo JC. Climate- and fire-smart landscape scenarios call for redesigning protection regimes to achieve multiple management goals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 322:116045. [PMID: 36067662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Integrated management of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) in heterogeneous landscapes requires considering the potential trade-offs between conflicting objectives. The UNESCO's Biosphere Reserve zoning scheme is a suitable context to address these trade-offs by considering multiple management zones that aim to minimise conflicts between management objectives. Moreover, in Mediterranean ecosystems, management and planning also needs to consider drivers of landscape dynamics such as wildfires and traditional farming and forestry practices that have historically shaped landscapes and the biodiversity they host. In this study, we applied a conservation planning approach to prioritise the allocation of management zones under future landscape and climate scenarios. We tested different landscape management scenarios reflecting the outcomes of climate-smart and fire-smart policies. We projected the expected landscape dynamics and associated changes on the distribution of 207 vertebrate species, 4 ES and fire hazard under each scenario. We used Marxan with Zones to allocate three management zones, replicating the Biosphere Reserves zoning scheme ("Core area", "Buffer zone" and "Transition area") to address the various management objectives within the Biosphere Reserve. Our results show that to promote ES supply and biodiversity conservation, while also minimising fire hazard, the reserve will need to: i) Redefine its zoning, especially regarding Core Areas, which need a considerable expansion to help mitigate changes in biodiversity and accommodate ES supply under expected changes in climate and species distribution. ii) Revisit current management policies that will result in encroached landscapes prone to high intensity, uncontrollable wildfires with the potential to heavily damage ecosystems and compromise the supply of ES. Our results support that both climate- and fire-smart policies in the Meseta Ibérica can help develop multifunctional landscapes that help mitigate and adapt to climate change and ensure the best possible maintenance of biodiversity and ES supply under uncertain future climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cánibe Iglesias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Virgilio Hermoso
- Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Ctra. Sant Llorenç de Morunys, km2. 25280, Solsona, Lleida, Spain; Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - João C Campos
- InBIO/CIBIO - Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, nº 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; CICGE - Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Carvalho-Santos
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) & Institute for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Paulo M Fernandes
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Teresa R Freitas
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - João P Honrado
- InBIO/CIBIO - Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, nº 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S/N, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - João A Santos
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ângelo Sil
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; InBIO/CIBIO - Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, nº 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; CITAB - Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Adrián Regos
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Ctra. Sant Llorenç de Morunys, km2. 25280, Solsona, Lleida, Spain; InBIO/CIBIO - Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, nº 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - João C Azevedo
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal.
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5
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Habib-ur-Rahman M, Ahmad A, Raza A, Hasnain MU, Alharby HF, Alzahrani YM, Bamagoos AA, Hakeem KR, Ahmad S, Nasim W, Ali S, Mansour F, EL Sabagh A. Impact of climate change on agricultural production; Issues, challenges, and opportunities in Asia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:925548. [PMID: 36325567 PMCID: PMC9621323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.925548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural production is under threat due to climate change in food insecure regions, especially in Asian countries. Various climate-driven extremes, i.e., drought, heat waves, erratic and intense rainfall patterns, storms, floods, and emerging insect pests have adversely affected the livelihood of the farmers. Future climatic predictions showed a significant increase in temperature, and erratic rainfall with higher intensity while variability exists in climatic patterns for climate extremes prediction. For mid-century (2040-2069), it is projected that there will be a rise of 2.8°C in maximum temperature and a 2.2°C in minimum temperature in Pakistan. To respond to the adverse effects of climate change scenarios, there is a need to optimize the climate-smart and resilient agricultural practices and technology for sustainable productivity. Therefore, a case study was carried out to quantify climate change effects on rice and wheat crops and to develop adaptation strategies for the rice-wheat cropping system during the mid-century (2040-2069) as these two crops have significant contributions to food production. For the quantification of adverse impacts of climate change in farmer fields, a multidisciplinary approach consisted of five climate models (GCMs), two crop models (DSSAT and APSIM) and an economic model [Trade-off Analysis, Minimum Data Model Approach (TOAMD)] was used in this case study. DSSAT predicted that there would be a yield reduction of 15.2% in rice and 14.1% in wheat and APSIM showed that there would be a yield reduction of 17.2% in rice and 12% in wheat. Adaptation technology, by modification in crop management like sowing time and density, nitrogen, and irrigation application have the potential to enhance the overall productivity and profitability of the rice-wheat cropping system under climate change scenarios. Moreover, this paper reviews current literature regarding adverse climate change impacts on agricultural productivity, associated main issues, challenges, and opportunities for sustainable productivity of agriculture to ensure food security in Asia. Flowing opportunities such as altering sowing time and planting density of crops, crop rotation with legumes, agroforestry, mixed livestock systems, climate resilient plants, livestock and fish breeds, farming of monogastric livestock, early warning systems and decision support systems, carbon sequestration, climate, water, energy, and soil smart technologies, and promotion of biodiversity have the potential to reduce the negative effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Raza
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya M. Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif A. Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University, Bahwalpur, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University, Bahwalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatma Mansour
- Department of Economics, Business and Economics Faculty, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Ayman EL Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
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6
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Reith E, Gosling E, Knoke T, Paul C. Exploring trade-offs in agro-ecological landscapes: using a multi-objective land-use allocation model to support agroforestry research. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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7
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Ghimire R, Khatri-Chhetri A, Chhetri N. Institutional Innovations for Climate Smart Agriculture: Assessment of Climate-Smart Village Approach in Nepal. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.734319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Institutions have a crucial role in communicating climate science into meaningful forms and to develop context specific adaptation options. Led by multiple institutions, Climate Smart Village (CSV) in Nepal is an organized approach to designing location specific package of interventions in response to climatic and other ongoing changes in the agricultural system. While addressing the impending risk of climate change and promoting food security objectives in smallholder settings, the CSV approach aims to increase the adoption of Climate Smart Agricultural (CSA) technologies at the local levels. One of the challenges, however, has been to sustain and scale the CSA technologies and practices. Based on the in-depth review of policy documents, field observations, and interviews with stakeholders involved in the implementation of pilot programs, this study evaluates the institutional framework of the CSV approach in the Gandaki region, Nepal. Our analysis proposes a revised conceptual model of innovation in the agricultural system that contributes to an increase in knowledge, attitude, and skills of multiple stakeholders for agricultural adaptation and the scaling of appropriate options. Our case demonstrates that while the scaling of the CSV approach is a concern, the institutional innovation around CSV has been instrumental in making farmers aware of CSA technologies. This has been done largely through collaboration among public, private, civil society organizations, and communities. This collaborative effort illustrates the possibilities for scaling the CSV approaches in the future and highlights their contribution to climate and development goals.
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8
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O'Connor T, Kleemann R, Attard J. Vulnerable vegetables and efficient fishers: A study of primary production food losses and waste in Ireland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 307:114498. [PMID: 35066191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
From 2022, the European Union Waste Framework Directive (WFD) requires member states to report annual food waste from each food supply chain stage. Comprehensive food losses and waste (FLW) data can be challenging to obtain for the primary production stage, i.e., farming and fishing. However, this information is vital in developing FLW mitigation actions appropriate to each country. This study describes the nature and extent of FLW from primary production in Ireland, using methods approved for WFD reporting. Causes of FLW and FLW as a proportion of total production were determined through interviews with Irish primary production stakeholders and using national FLW data where available. The FLW was presented for each primary production sector - animal husbandry, horticulture, tillage, aquaculture, and fisheries. The total annual FLW from Irish primary production was 189,508 tonnes. The main FLW sources were vegetable production (122,398 tonnes), meat production (41,726 tonnes), and tillage (12,502 tonnes). The activities associated with high FLW did not reflect the quantity of food from those activities, e.g., dairy generated the greatest quantity of animal husbandry produce (89%) but only 7% of animal husbandry FLW. The main causes of FLW in Irish primary production were pests, disease, injuries, and production stress (37%), followed by un-harvestable or un-saleable produce, 24% and 21%, respectively. The majority of FLW described in this study (63%) is considered food loss, meaning mitigation efforts should focus on this rather than food waste. These results also clearly indicate priority areas for mitigation action, e.g., horticulture. This research suggests mitigation actions that improve long-term farm sustainability, e.g., improve soil health, reduce FLW and contribute to food production potential in fisheries and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey O'Connor
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Rosanna Kleemann
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Jennifer Attard
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon ABC, Kerry Campus, Munster Technological University, Co. Kerry, Ireland.
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9
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Abstract
In an era in which conventional agriculture has come under question for its environmental and social costs, regenerative agriculture suggests that land management practices can be organized around farming and grazing practices that regenerate interdependent ecological and community processes for generations to come. However, little is known about the geographies of ‘regenerative’ and ‘conventional’ agricultural lands—what defines them, where they are, and the extent to which actual agricultural lands interweave both or are characterizable by neither. In the context of the Midwest of the United States, we develop and map an index quantifying the degrees to which the agricultural lands of counties could be said to be regenerative, conventional, or both. We complement these results by using a clustering method to partition the land into distinct agricultural regions. Both approaches rely on a set of variables characterizing land we developed through an iterative dialogue across difference among our authors, who have a range of relevant backgrounds. We map, analyze, and synthesize our results by considering local contexts beyond our variables, comparing and contrasting the resulting perspectives on the geographies of midwestern agricultural lands. Our results portray agricultural lands of considerable diversity within and between states, as well as ecological and physiographic regions. Understanding the general patterns and detailed empirical geographies that emerge suggests spatial relationships that can inform peer-to-peer exchanges among farmers, agricultural extension, civil society, and policy formation.
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10
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Gordon E, Davila F, Riedy C. Transforming landscapes and mindscapes through regenerative agriculture. AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES 2021; 39:809-826. [PMID: 34744301 PMCID: PMC8561679 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-021-10276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Agriculture occupies 38% of the planet's terrestrial surface, using 70% of freshwater resources. Its modern practice is dominated by an industrial-productivist discourse, which has contributed to the simplification and degradation of human and ecological systems. As such, agricultural transformation is essential for creating more sustainable food systems. This paper focuses on discursive change. A prominent discursive alternative to industrial-productivist agriculture is regenerative agriculture. Regenerative discourses are emergent, radically evolving and diverse. It is unclear whether they have the potential to generate the changes required to shift industrial-productivist agriculture. This paper presents a literature-based discourse analysis to illustrate key thematic characteristics of regenerative agricultural discourses. The analysis finds that such discourses: situate agricultural work within nested, complex living systems; position farms as relational, characterised by co-evolution between humans and other landscape biota; perceive the innate potential of living systems as place-sourced; maintain a transformative openness to alternative thinking and practice; believe that multiple regenerative cultures are necessary for deeply regenerative agriculture; and depart from industrialism to varying degrees. The paper concludes by reviewing three transformative opportunities for regenerative discourses-discourse coalitions, translocal organising and collective learning. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10460-021-10276-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Gordon
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Bldg 10, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Federico Davila
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Bldg 10, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Chris Riedy
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Bldg 10, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
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11
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Ros-Tonen MAF, Willemen L, McCall MK. Spatial Tools for Integrated and Inclusive Landscape Governance: Toward a New Research Agenda. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 68:611-618. [PMID: 34654948 PMCID: PMC8560669 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Participatory spatial tools-community mapping, PGIS, and others-find increasing resonance among research and non-governmental organizations to make stakeholder claims and community perspectives explicit for more inclusive landscape governance. In this paper, we situate the use of participatory spatial tools in debates on integrated landscape approaches and inclusive development. We show that using such spatial tools is not new but argue that their application for inclusive landscape governance requires a new research agenda that focuses on expanding the scope of application of the tools, improving the inclusivity of the processes, and developing new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam A F Ros-Tonen
- Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 VW, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Louise Willemen
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Hengelosestraat 99, 7514 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michael K McCall
- Centro de Investigaciones en Geografia Ambiental (CIGA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, 58190, Morelia, Mich, Mexico
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12
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Ng'ang'a SK, Miller V, Girvetz E. Is investment in Climate-Smart-agricultural practices the option for the future? Cost and benefit analysis evidence from Ghana. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06653. [PMID: 33869865 PMCID: PMC8045009 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A majority of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries depend to a large extent on agriculture for food security and income. Efforts aimed at improving farm-related profitability are therefore important to improving livelihoods among smallholder farmers. In Ghana, for example, smallholder farmers that depend on agriculture face serious risks especially those related to climate change and variability and soil degradation. Notwithstanding these dangers, evidence of the published literature on how best to tackle these challenges is limited. Over the recent decades, however, there has been advancement by programs channelling resources into Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices to improving smallholder livelihoods and food security. The interest in advancing investment in CSA practices is a key pathway that has the potential to significantly reduce the negative effect of climate change and variability risks on smallholder farmers livelihoods. Investing in CSA practices is also a key pathway to improving farm yield per unit area. Consequently, smallholder farmers are adopting and implementing CSA practices. Despite that, a gap still exists on the profitability of undertaking such an investment, as this is key in determining the sustainability of CSA practices. On this basis, the present study undertook a detailed cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of seven CSA practices identified with smallholder farmers in the coastal savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana. A total of 48 smallholder farmers that had adopted these practices were studied. Three CBA indicators namely the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period (PP) were assessed for each of the seven CSA practices. The results showed that out of the seven CSA practices examined, six of them were profitably suitable for adoption and scaling up from the perspective of smallholder farmers as well as the public perspective. The finding from this study, therefore, fill the current information gap in the literature on the costs and benefits of adopting CSA practices on household livelihoods in Ghana. Such a finding is critical to the promotion and scaling up the adoption of CSA practices by smallholder farmers and serve as a basis of formulating appropriate guidelines and policies for supporting CSA practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Karanja Ng'ang'a
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), P. O. Box 6247, Kampala, Uganda
- Corresponding author.
| | - Vail Miller
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), P. O. Box 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Evan Girvetz
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), P. O. Box 823-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
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Exploring Smallholder Farmers’ Preferences for Climate-Smart Seed Innovations: Empirical Evidence from Southern Ethiopia. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid plant breeding is essential to overcome low productivity problems in the face of climatic challenges. Despite considerable efforts to improve breeding practices in Ethiopia, increasing varietal release does not necessarily imply that farmers have access to innovative varietal choices. Prior research did not adequately address whether varietal attributes are compatible with farmers’ preferences in harsh environmental conditions. With an agricultural policy mainly aiming to achieve productivity maximization, existing breeding programs prioritize varietal development based on yield superiority. Against this background, we estimated a multinomial logit (MNL) model based on choice-experiment data from 167 bean growers in southern Ethiopia to explore whether farmers’ attribute preferences significantly diverge from those of breeders’ priorities. Four important bean attributes identified through participatory research methods were used. The results demonstrate that farmers have a higher propensity toward drought-tolerant capability than any of the attributes considered. The model estimates further show the existence of significant preference heterogeneity across farmers. These findings provide important insight to design breeding profiles compatible with specific producer segments. We suggest demand-driven breeding innovations and dissemination strategies in order to accelerate the adoption of climate-smart and higher-yielding bean innovations that contribute to achieve the national and global sustainability goals in Ethiopia.
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Haan NL, Iuliano BG, Gratton C, Landis DA. Designing agricultural landscapes for arthropod-based ecosystem services in North America. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Drews J, Czycholl I, Krieter J. A life cycle assessment study of dairy farms in northern Germany: The influence of performance parameters on environmental efficiency. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 273:111127. [PMID: 32810684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, consumers concerns towards an environmental friendly food production are growing. The dairy sector contributes to the production of important greenhouse gases such as methane. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method enables to quantify the emissions and the use of resources throughout the entire life cycle of a product. The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of performance parameters on the level of important environmental impacts (global warming potential (GWP), freshwater eutrophication (FE), terrestrial acidification (TA) and agricultural land occupation (ALO)) associated with milk production. Therein, the environmental impacts were analyzed using LCA considering two separate datasets (total, continuous) from Northern German farms throughout the years 2004-2013. Therefore, the performance parameters determining the level of environmental impacts were identified using the partial least square method. Thereby, a differentiated analysis among regions with various soil characteristics (Heath, Hill, Marsh) was conducted additionally. Further, linear mixed models were applied to each of the environmental impact categories. Energy-corrected milk yield (ECM), ECM from roughage, feed efficiency and the use of concentrates were identified as the most important determinants of environmental impacts. In general, an increase in productivity, especially an increase in ECM per cow and an increase in the amount of ECM produced per area of agricultural land accompanied with an improvement in environmental efficiency. The type of feed used had the major impact on the level of environmental impacts, whereby both concentrates and roughage had disadvantages. These results were in line with previous studies. Although, this study provides additional information relating the most important determinants of different environmental impacts, including a differentiated consideration of the relationship between performance parameters and environmental efficiency among regions. Further analyses on specific soil characteristics and their impact on environmental efficiency are recommended. In line with the concept of eco-efficiency, useful mitigation strategies in practice need to be applied depending on individual framework conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Drews
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Irena Czycholl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joachim Krieter
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
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16
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Adesipo A, Fadeyi O, Kuca K, Krejcar O, Maresova P, Selamat A, Adenola M. Smart and Climate-Smart Agricultural Trends as Core Aspects of Smart Village Functions. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20215977. [PMID: 33105622 PMCID: PMC7659955 DOI: 10.3390/s20215977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Attention has shifted to the development of villages in Europe and other parts of the world with the goal of combating rural–urban migration, and moving toward self-sufficiency in rural areas. This situation has birthed the smart village idea. Smart village initiatives such as those of the European Union is motivating global efforts aimed at improving the live and livelihood of rural dwellers. These initiatives are focused on improving agricultural productivity, among other things, since most of the food we eat are grown in rural areas around the world. Nevertheless, a major challenge faced by proponents of the smart village concept is how to provide a framework for the development of the term, so that this development is tailored towards sustainability. The current work examines the level of progress of climate smart agriculture, and tries to borrow from its ideals, to develop a framework for smart village development. Given the advances in technology, agricultural development that encompasses reduction of farming losses, optimization of agricultural processes for increased yield, as well as prevention, monitoring, and early detection of plant and animal diseases, has now embraced varieties of smart sensor technologies. The implication is that the studies and results generated around the concept of climate smart agriculture can be adopted in planning of villages, and transforming them into smart villages. Hence, we argue that for effective development of the smart village framework, smart agricultural techniques must be prioritized, viz-a-viz other developmental practicalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegbite Adesipo
- Department of Soil Protection and Recultivation, Brandenburg University of Technology, Konrad-Wachsmann-Alle 6, 03046 Cottbus, Germany;
| | - Oluwaseun Fadeyi
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Geography and Geoscience, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany;
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Ondrej Krejcar
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (A.S.)
- Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Petra Maresova
- Department of Economy, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Ali Selamat
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (A.S.)
- Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Mayowa Adenola
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria;
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Gosnell H, Charnley S, Stanley P. Climate change mitigation as a co-benefit of regenerative ranching: insights from Australia and the United States. Interface Focus 2020; 10:20200027. [PMID: 32832070 PMCID: PMC7435039 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2020.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
‘Managed grazing’ is gaining attention for its potential to contribute to climate change mitigation by reducing bare ground and promoting perennialization, thereby enhancing soil carbon sequestration (SCS). Understanding why ranchers adopt managed grazing is key to developing the right incentives. In this paper, we explore principles and practices associated with the larger enterprise of ‘regenerative ranching’ (RR), which includes managed grazing but infuses the practice with holistic decision-making. We argue that this broader approach is appealing due to a suite of ecological, economic and social benefits, making climate change mitigation an afterthought, or ‘co-benefit’. RR is challenging, however, because it requires a deep understanding of ecological processes along with a set of skills related to monitoring and moving livestock and feeding the soil microbiome. We review the literature regarding links between RR and SCS, then present results of qualitative research focused on motivators, enablers and constraints associated with RR, drawing on interviews with 52 practitioners in New South Wales, Australia and the western United States. Our analysis is guided by a conceptual model of the social–ecological system associated with RR that identifies determinants of regenerative potential. We discuss implications for rancher engagement and conclude with a consideration of leverage points for global scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gosnell
- College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Susan Charnley
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paige Stanley
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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18
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Beyond Sustainability in Food Systems: Perspectives from Agroecology and Social Innovation. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Food security faces many multifaceted challenges, with effects ranging far beyond the sectors of agriculture and food science and involving all the multiscale components of sustainability. This paper puts forward our point of view about more sustainable and responsible approaches to food production research underlying the importance of knowledge and social innovation in agroecological practices. Increased demand for food worldwide and the diversification of food choices would suggest the adoption of highly productive, but low-resilient and unsustainable food production models. However, new perspectives are possible. These include the revitalization and valorization of family-based traditional agriculture and the promotion of diversified farming systems as a social and economic basis to foster social-ecological conversion. Additionally, they encompass the forecasting of the Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) and the drafting of a new agenda for food sovereignty. Thanks to a desk analysis, the study describes and discusses these perspectives, their trajectories and action research implications. The results suggest the need to adopt a more inclusive and systemic approach to the described problems, as the solutions require the promotion of responsibility within decision makers, professionals and consumers. This appears essential for reading, analyzing and understanding the complex ecological-functional, social and economic relations that characterize farming systems, as well as mobilizing local communities.
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19
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How to Improve the Diffusion of Climate-Smart Agriculture: What the Literature Tells us. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12125168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is a technologically innovative response to the challenges faced by agriculture due to climate change. Its implementation needs a change of mentality in the direction of an approach that takes into account how the increase in technologically induced productivity affects climate change. In the belief that the in-depth analysis conducted by scientific research plays a fundamental role, we explore the characteristics, actors, and pillars of CSA, examining both the scientific literature and financed projects. Specifically, through a systematic review of the literature we address both the application and barriers to implementation at a global level, and then we focus on a case study of the geographical distribution of CSA projects in Europe. Our results show a heterogeneous framework in which we can note discrepancies among countries. Finally, as conclusive remarks, we consider the type of policies that could be implemented to improve the diffusion of CSA in the near future.
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20
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Sustainable Territories Adapted to the Climate: Insights from a New University Course Designed and Delivered in Guatemala. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12124978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since 2014, the CGIAR research program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security has collaborated with different stakeholders to implement climate change adaptation approaches and practices in critical locations in the Central American Dry Corridor. A new university course for professionals in the Dry Corridor aims to scale these approaches and practices. This article presents the core elements of the course, summarizes the main results, and offers recommendations for future editions. It was observed that the different trajectories and experiences of professionals participating in the first edition of the course facilitated a lively exchange of knowledge, the integration of local experiences in teaching, and the integration of learning in follow up proposals of governmental and non-governmental organizations. The following aspects should be central in future course editions: diversity of participants, adaptation of didactic strategies to the needs of different users, and follow-up support, as well as the integration of course concepts and practices in the actions of different organizations. The latter requires strong organizational commitment.
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21
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Butler JRA, Rochester W, Skewes TD, Wise RM, Bohensky EL, Katzfey J, Kirono DGC, Peterson N, Suadnya W, Yanuartati Y, Handayani T, Habibi P, Jaya IKD, Sutaryono Y, Masike-Liri B, Vaghelo D, Duggan K. How Feasible Is the Scaling-Out of Livelihood and Food System Adaptation in Asia-Pacific Islands? FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Duncan JMA, Haworth B, Boruff B, Wales N, Biggs EM, Bruce E. Managing multifunctional landscapes: Local insights from a Pacific Island Country context. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:109692. [PMID: 32090791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Across Pacific Island Countries, projects and policies are incorporating objectives related to managing landscape multifunctionality to sustain flows of multiple, valued ecosystem services. Strategies to manage natural resources are often not effective, or do not have intended outcomes, if they do not account for local contexts and the varied needs and constraints of stakeholders who rely upon natural resources for their livelihoods. Through fieldwork in Ba, Fiji, local insights were generated concerning the institutional, geographic, and socio-economic factors which determine and challenge i) different stakeholders' ability to access landscape resources, and ii) stakeholders' capacities to benefit from ecosystem services. The following insights were generated from this research which are important for guiding management of landscape multifunctionality. In Ba, hierarchical governance systems present barriers to effective management of landscape multifunctionality, and projects or policies with aims to manage landscapes should establish context appropriate multi-scale governance. Such governance systems should facilitate communication and interaction between different stakeholders, build upon community knowledge, and support communities as key actors in landscape management. Consideration of the spatial footprint of landscape resources, stakeholders' different physical and financial capacities, and the institutional structures that mediate access to resources should be central to landscape management and planning. Various climatic stressors affect flows of ecosystem services from the Ba landscape and people's capacity to access landscape resources; therefore, it is important that management of landscapes also builds resilience to climate stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M A Duncan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - B Haworth
- Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - B Boruff
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - N Wales
- Geography, Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji
| | - E M Biggs
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - E Bruce
- School of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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McGonigle DF, Rota Nodari G, Phillips RL, Aynekulu E, Estrada-Carmona N, Jones SK, Koziell I, Luedeling E, Remans R, Shepherd K, Wiberg D, Whitney C, Zhang W. A Knowledge Brokering Framework for Integrated Landscape Management. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Wassmann R, Villanueva J, Khounthavong M, Okumu B, Vo T, Sander B. Adaptation, mitigation and food security: Multi-criteria ranking system for climate-smart agriculture technologies illustrated for rainfed rice in Laos. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Biasi R, Brunori E, Ferrara C, Salvati L. Assessing Impacts of Climate Change on Phenology and Quality Traits of Vitis vinifera L.: The Contribution of Local Knowledge. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8050121. [PMID: 31075953 PMCID: PMC6571897 DOI: 10.3390/plants8050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Developing adaptation strategies in Vitis vinifera, a crop sensitive to climate change, is crucial for resilience of traditional viticultural systems, especially in climate-vulnerable areas like the Mediterranean basin. A progressive warming is demonstrated to alter the geographical distribution of grapevine, reducing land capability for typical grapes and vine productions in most Southern European districts traditionally specialized in tree crops. Grapevine growth and reproduction under climate change require a continuous monitoring to adapt agronomic practices and strategies to global change. The present study illustrates an empirical approach grounded on a set of bio-physical indicators assessing the genotype-related response to climate variation. This approach was tested in Umbria, central Italy, to verify the response of some major international and local grapevine varieties to climate variation during a relatively long time interval (1995-2015). Long-term data for ripening time and berry quality collected in the study area were correlated to representative bioclimatic indices including Winkler, Huglin, and Cool night indicators. Results of this study highlighted the increase of air temperature (reflecting the inherent growth in thermal availability for maturation) and the alteration of precipitation patterns toward more intense precipitation. Climate variability exerted distinctive impacts on grapevine phenology depending on the related genotype. Empirical findings underline the usefulness of a permanent field monitoring of the relationship between selected climate variables and grape ripening with the aim to develop adaptive viticultural practices at farm's scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Biasi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Elena Brunori
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Ferrara
- Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Viale Santa Margherita 80, 52100 Arezzo, Italy.
| | - Luca Salvati
- Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Viale Santa Margherita 80, 52100 Arezzo, Italy.
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Langston JD, McIntyre R, Falconer K, Sunderland T, van Noordwijk M, Boedhihartono AK. Discourses mapped by Q-method show governance constraints motivate landscape approaches in Indonesia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211221. [PMID: 30703106 PMCID: PMC6354971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpreting discourses among implementers of what is termed a “landscape approach” enables us to learn from their experience to improve conservation and development outcomes. We use Q-methodology to explore the perspectives of a group of experts in the landscape approach, both from academic and implementation fields, on what hinderances are in place to the realisation of achieving sustainable landscape management in Indonesia. The results show that, at a generic level, “corruption” and “lack of transparency and accountability” rank as the greatest constraints on landscape functionality. Biophysical factors, such as topography and climate change, rank as the least constraining factors. When participants considered a landscape with which they were most familiar, the results changed: the rapid change of regulations, limited local human capacity and inaccessible data on economic risks increased, while the inadequacy of democratic institutions, “overlapping laws” and “corruption” decreased. The difference indicates some fine-tuning of generic perceptions to the local context and may also reflect different views on what is achievable for landscape approach practitioners. Overall, approximately 55% of variance is accounted for by five discourse factors for each trial. Four overlapped and two discourses were discrete enough to merit different discourse labels. We labelled the discourses (1) social exclusionists, (2) state view, (3) community view, (4) integrationists, (5) democrats, and (6) neoliberals. Each discourse contains elements actionable at the landscape scale, as well as exogenous issues that originate at national and global scales. Actionable elements that could contribute to improving governance included trust building, clarified resource rights and responsibilities, and inclusive representation in management. The landscape sustainability discourses studied here suggests that landscape approach “learners” must focus on ways to remedy poor governance if they are to achieve sustainability and multi-functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Douglas Langston
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- Tanah Air Beta, Batu Karu, Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia
- Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Rowan McIntyre
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- Tanah Air Beta, Batu Karu, Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Keith Falconer
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Terry Sunderland
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Meine van Noordwijk
- World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF Southeast Asia Regional Office, Bogor, Indonesia
- Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono
- Tanah Air Beta, Batu Karu, Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia
- Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Gurung J, Chettri N, Sharma E, Ning W, Chaudhary RP, Badola HK, Wangchuk S, Uprety Y, Gaira KS, Bidha N, Phuntsho K, Uddin K, Shah GM. Evolution of a transboundary landscape approach in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: Key learnings from the Kangchenjunga Landscape. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Dimobe K, Tondoh JE, Weber JC, Bayala J, Ouédraogo K, Greenough K. Farmers' preferred tree species and their potential carbon stocks in southern Burkina Faso: Implications for biocarbon initiatives. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199488. [PMID: 30562359 PMCID: PMC6298700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of terrestrial carbon sequestration projects for rural development in sub-Saharan Africa lies in the (i) involvement of local populations in the selection of woody species, which represent the biological assets they use to meet their daily needs, and (ii) information about the potential of these species to store carbon. Although the latter is a key prerequisite, there is very little information available. To help fill this gap, the present study was undertaken in four pilot villages (Kou, Dao, Vrassan and Cassou) in Ziro Province, south-central Burkina Faso. The objective was to determine carbon storage potential for top-priority woody species preferred by local smallholders. We used (i) participatory rural appraisal consisting of group discussions and key informant interviews to identify priority species and functions, and (ii) landscape assessment of carbon stocks in the preferred woody species. Results revealed 79 priority tree and shrub species grouped into six functions, of which medicine, food and income emerge as the most important ones for the communities. For these functions, smallholders overwhelmingly listed Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa, Afzelia africana, Adansonia digitata, Detarium microcarpum, and Lannea microcarpa among the most important tree species. Among the preferred woody species in Cassou and Kou, the highest quantity of carbon was stored by V. paradoxa (1180 ±209 kg C ha-1 to 2089±522 kg C ha-1) and the lowest by Grewia bicolor (5±1.2 kg C ha-1). The potential carbon stored by the preferred tree communities was estimated at 587.9 Mg C ha-1 (95% CI: 456.7; 719.1 Mg C ha-1) in Kou and256.8 Mg C ha-1 (95% CI: 67.6; 324.4 Mg C ha-1) in Cassou. The study showed that the species that farmers preferred most stored more carbon than species that were less preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangbéni Dimobe
- West African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) Competence Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- University Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, UFR/SVT, Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- * E-mail:
| | - Jérôme Ebagnerin Tondoh
- West African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) Competence Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- UFR des Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | | | - Jules Bayala
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), West and Central Africa, Sahel Node, Bamako, Mali
| | - Korotimi Ouédraogo
- University Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, UFR/SVT, Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Linking Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: A Review with Evidence from the Land-Use Sectors. LAND 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/land7040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is extensive scientific evidence that both adaptation and mitigation are essential to address the problem of climate change. However, there is still limited knowledge about the possibilities for exploiting the interrelationships between these measures in the design and implementation of climate change activities. In this paper, first the adaptation–mitigation dichotomy and definitions of adaptation and mitigation are discussed. This is followed by a comprehensive scrutiny of the perceptual overlaps and distinctions between adaptation and mitigation, which include a meta-analysis of synergies and trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation in the agriculture and forestry sectors. The analysis shows that activities greatly depend on their context, design and implementation, so actions have to be tailored to the specific conditions, as few, if any, outcomes are universal. The analysis also indicates that the forestry sector delivers more synergies and has more trade-offs when compared to agriculture, which could be because of the fact that forest areas contain significantly more carbon, but at the same time they also compete with alternative land-uses. The article closes by going through a list of research gaps related to the linking of adaptation and mitigation and by providing implications for climate change policy.
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Managing Moist Forests of the Pacific Northwest United States for Climate Positive Outcomes. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The moist forests of the Pacific Northwest United States (PNW) are among the most naturally carbon rich ecoregions in the world. However, regional in-forest carbon storage levels are currently well below ecological potential. Recent climate policy proposals have renewed and deepened debates over forest sector climate strategies. This paper begins with a review of regionally applicable forest carbon life cycle assessments (LCAs) in an effort to provide some clarity around how these studies are conducted, and why their results may vary. The review highlights the importance of assumptions made during carbon accounting across the wood product lifespan and how the inclusion or exclusions of variables, such as product substitution and leakage, influence study results and subsequent management recommendations. Next we discuss the influence of climate change on forest management and planning. We conclude with a review of regional-specific factors to consider when developing optimal forest climate strategies in the moist forests of the PNW. These strategies include, but are not limited to; extending harvest rotations, shelterwood and select tree harvests (in lieu of full harvest), and managing forests for increased structural, age, and species complexity.
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Fanzo J, Davis C, McLaren R, Choufani J. The effect of climate change across food systems: Implications for nutrition outcomes. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Caron P, Ferrero y de Loma-Osorio G, Nabarro D, Hainzelin E, Guillou M, Andersen I, Arnold T, Astralaga M, Beukeboom M, Bickersteth S, Bwalya M, Caballero P, Campbell BM, Divine N, Fan S, Frick M, Friis A, Gallagher M, Halkin JP, Hanson C, Lasbennes F, Ribera T, Rockstrom J, Schuepbach M, Steer A, Tutwiler A, Verburg G. Food systems for sustainable development: proposals for a profound four-part transformation. AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2018; 38:41. [PMID: 30956691 PMCID: PMC6417402 DOI: 10.1007/s13593-018-0519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows the importance of food systems for sustainable development: they are at the nexus that links food security, nutrition, and human health, the viability of ecosystems, climate change, and social justice. However, agricultural policies tend to focus on food supply, and sometimes, on mechanisms to address negative externalities. We propose an alternative. Our starting point is that agriculture and food systems' policies should be aligned to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This calls for deep changes in comparison with the paradigms that prevailed when steering the agricultural change in the XXth century. We identify the comprehensive food systems transformation that is needed. It has four parts: first, food systems should enable all people to benefit from nutritious and healthy food. Second, they should reflect sustainable agricultural production and food value chains. Third, they should mitigate climate change and build resilience. Fourth, they should encourage a renaissance of rural territories. The implementation of the transformation relies on (i) suitable metrics to aid decision-making, (ii) synergy of policies through convergence of local and global priorities, and (iii) enhancement of development approaches that focus on territories. We build on the work of the "Milano Group," an informal group of experts convened by the UN Secretary General in Milan in 2015. Backed by a literature review, what emerges is a strategic narrative linking climate, agriculture and food, and calling for a deep transformation of food systems at scale. This is critical for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement. The narrative highlights the needed consistency between global actions for sustainable development and numerous local-level innovations. It emphasizes the challenge of designing differentiated paths for food systems transformation responding to local and national expectations. Scientific and operational challenges are associated with the alignment and arbitration of local action within the context of global priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Caron
- Université de Montpellier (Université Montpellier), Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, DGDRS, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | | | - David Nabarro
- Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Etienne Hainzelin
- Université de Montpellier (Université Montpellier), Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, DG, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Tom Arnold
- Institute of International & European Affairs, 8 N Great George’s St., Rotunda, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Marcel Beukeboom
- Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat, Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Sam Bickersteth
- Economic Council on Planetary Health, Oxford Martin School, 34 Broad St, Oxford, OX1 3BD UK
| | | | - Paula Caballero
- RARE, 1310 N. Courthouse Road, Ste. 110, Arlington, Virginia 22201 USA
| | - Bruce M. Campbell
- CCAFS, CGIAR, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ntiokam Divine
- Climate Smart Agriculture Youth Network, SDG Action Campaign, P.O. Box, 8860 Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Shenggen Fan
- IFPRI, 1201 Eye St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-3915 USA
| | - Martin Frick
- UNFCC, UN Campus, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anette Friis
- CCAFS Program Management Unit, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Gallagher
- Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Iveagh House, 80 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Craig Hanson
- World Resources Institute, 10 G Street NE Suite 800, Washington, DC 20002 USA
| | | | | | - Johan Rockstrom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marlen Schuepbach
- Scaling Up Nutrition Movement, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Steer
- World Resources Institute, 10 G Street NE Suite 800, Washington, DC 20002 USA
| | - Ann Tutwiler
- Bioversity International, Via dei Tre Denari 472/a, 00057 Maccarese (Fiumicino), Rome, Italy
| | - Gerda Verburg
- Scaling Up Nutrition Movement, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneve, Switzerland
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Foli S, Ros-Tonen MAF, Reed J, Sunderland T. Natural Resource Management Schemes as Entry Points for Integrated Landscape Approaches: Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 62:82-97. [PMID: 28429061 PMCID: PMC5999123 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recognition of the failures of sectoral approaches to overcome global challenges of biodiversity loss, climate change, food insecurity and poverty, scientific discourse on biodiversity conservation and sustainable development is shifting towards integrated landscape governance arrangements. Current landscape initiatives however very much depend on external actors and funding, raising the question of whether, and how, and under what conditions, locally embedded resource management schemes can serve as entry points for the implementation of integrated landscape approaches. This paper assesses the entry point potential for three established natural resource management schemes in West Africa that target landscape degradation with involvement of local communities: the Chantier d'Aménagement Forestier scheme encompassing forest management sites across Burkina Faso and the Modified Taungya System and community wildlife resource management initiatives in Ghana. Based on a review of the current literature, we analyze the extent to which design principles that define a landscape approach apply to these schemes. We found that the CREMA meets most of the desired criteria, but that its scale may be too limited to guarantee effective landscape governance, hence requiring upscaling. Conversely, the other two initiatives are strongly lacking in their design principles on fundamental components regarding integrated approaches, continual learning, and capacity building. Monitoring and evaluation bodies and participatory learning and negotiation platforms could enhance the schemes' alignment with integrated landscape approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Foli
- Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies and Centre for Sustainable Development Studies, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15629, Amsterdam, 1001 NC The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A. F. Ros-Tonen
- Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies and Centre for Sustainable Development Studies, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15629, Amsterdam, 1001 NC The Netherlands
| | - James Reed
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede,, Bogor, West Java 16115 Indonesia
| | - Terry Sunderland
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede,, Bogor, West Java 16115 Indonesia
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Ros-Tonen MAF, Reed J, Sunderland T. From Synergy to Complexity: The Trend Toward Integrated Value Chain and Landscape Governance. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 62:1-14. [PMID: 29846782 PMCID: PMC5999153 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-018-1055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This Editorial introduces a special issue that illustrates a trend toward integrated landscape approaches. Whereas two papers echo older "win-win" strategies based on the trade of non-timber forest products, ten papers reflect a shift from a product to landscape perspective. However, they differ from integrated landscape approaches in that they emanate from sectorial approaches driven primarily by aims such as forest restoration, sustainable commodity sourcing, natural resource management, or carbon emission reduction. The potential of such initiatives for integrated landscape governance and achieving landscape-level outcomes has hitherto been largely unaddressed in the literature on integrated landscape approaches. This special issue addresses this gap, with a focus on actor constellations and institutional arrangements emerging in the transition from sectorial to integrated approaches. This editorial discusses the trends arising from the papers, including the need for a commonly shared concern and sense of urgency; inclusive stakeholder engagement; accommodating and coordinating polycentric governance in landscapes beset with institutional fragmentation and jurisdictional mismatches; alignment with locally embedded initiatives and governance structures; and a framework to assess and monitor the performance of integrated multi-stakeholder approaches. We conclude that, despite a growing tendency toward integrated approaches at the landscape level, inherent landscape complexity renders persistent and significant challenges such as balancing multiple objectives, equitable inclusion of all relevant stakeholders, dealing with power and gender asymmetries, adaptive management based on participatory outcome monitoring, and moving beyond existing administrative, jurisdictional, and sectorial silos. Multi-stakeholder platforms and bridging organizations and individuals are seen as key in overcoming such challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam A F Ros-Tonen
- Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies and Centre for Sustainable Development Studies, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15629, 1001 NC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - James Reed
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, 16115, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Terry Sunderland
- University of British Columbia (UBC) and Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Forest Sciences Centre 2424 Main Mall Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Brown HCP. An Assessment of Institutional Capacity for Integrated Landscape Management in Eastern Cameroon. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 62:118-127. [PMID: 29696342 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-018-1048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Landscape approaches have become prominent in efforts to address issues of conservation and development through bringing together different actors and sectors, to reconcile diverse land uses, and promote synergies. Some have suggested that integrated landscape management approaches are consistent with the goals of REDD+ and offer a strategy to address multiple goals of climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, maintenance of ecosystem services, and socio-economic development. Institutional or governance arrangements have been shown to be a critical component in influencing outcomes in landscapes. Using diverse methodologies, this study investigated the capacity of institutions to support the planning, implementation, and resource mobilization needed to integrate climate change mitigation, conservation, and livelihood goals in a forest mosaic landscape in East Cameroon. Results showed that diverse institutions are present in the landscape, including institutions of relevant government agencies, local government, local non-government, the private sector, and hybrid institutions of conservation, development and research institutions. However, the overall institutional capacity for integrated landscape planning and management in the study area is limited, although some institutions exhibit increased capacity in some areas over others. Multiple strategies can be employed to build the necessary human, financial, and leadership capacity, and facilitate the institutional planning and coordination that is foundational to multi-stakeholder landscape governance. Given the complexity of integrating climate change mitigation, conservation and livelihood goals in a landscape, building such institutional capacity is a long term endeavour that requires sustained effort and ongoing financial, technical and human resource support.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Carolyn Peach Brown
- Associate Professor and Director of Environmental Studies, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada.
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Environment-Smart Agriculture and Mapping of Interactions among Environmental Factors at the Farm Level: A Directed Graph Approach. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10051580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environment-smart agriculture (ESA) aims at sustaining increased agricultural production while limiting negative impacts on the environment. The present study develops an index of composite on-farm environmental impacts (COEI) as a proxy measure to evaluate ESA and validates the index by mapping interactions amongst agriculture related environmental impacts and potential constraints to practice ESA by using the directed graph approach. The cost of mitigation to practice ESA was calculated by estimating the cost of reducing on-farm environmental impacts by using the damage–cost method. The approach was empirically applied to a sample of 317 High Yielding Variety (HYV) rice farms from three intensive rice-growing regions of northwestern Bangladesh. Results showed that the use of chemical pesticides contributed towards higher level of uncertainty in practicing ESA than the use of chemical fertilizers, irrigation and household pollution. The combined effect of the influence from these factor interactions was estimated at 2.3, which falls in the critical region of influence and implies extreme level of uncertainty in practicing ESA. The cost of mitigating negative environmental impacts is higher for the problems of ‘decline in soil fertility’, ‘increases in crop diseases’ and ‘reduction in fish catch’ as compared to other soil and water related impacts. Policy implications include investments in addressing the problems of ‘soil fertility decline’, ‘increases in crop diseases’ and ‘reduction in fish catch’ and raising farmers’ awareness on using farm chemicals to promote ESA practices for HYV rice production.
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Fedele G, Locatelli B, Djoudi H, Colloff MJ. Reducing risks by transforming landscapes: Cross-scale effects of land-use changes on ecosystem services. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195895. [PMID: 29689062 PMCID: PMC5916864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, anthropogenic environmental change is exacerbating the already vulnerable conditions of many people and ecosystems. In order to obtain food, water, raw materials and shelter, rural people modify forests and other ecosystems, affecting the supply of ecosystem services that contribute to livelihoods and well-being. Despite widespread awareness of the nature and extent of multiple impacts of land-use changes, there remains limited understanding of how these impacts affect trade-offs among ecosystem services and their beneficiaries across spatial scales. We assessed how rural communities in two forested landscapes in Indonesia have changed land uses over the last 20 years to adapt their livelihoods that were at risk from multiple hazards. We estimated the impact of these adaptation strategies on the supply of ecosystem services by comparing different benefits provided to people from these land uses (products, water, carbon, and biodiversity), using forest inventories, remote sensing, and interviews. Local people converted forests to rubber plantations, reforested less productive croplands, protected forests on hillsides, and planted trees in gardens. Our results show that land-use decisions were propagated at the landscape scale due to reinforcing loops, whereby local actors perceived that such decisions contributed positively to livelihoods by reducing risks and generating co-benefits. When land-use changes become sufficiently widespread, they affect the supply of multiple ecosystem services, with impacts beyond the local scale. Thus, adaptation implemented at the local-scale may not address development and climate adaptation challenges at regional or national scale (e.g. as part of UN Sustainable Development Goals or actions taken under the UNFCCC Paris Agreement). A better understanding of the context and impacts of local ecosystem-based adaptation is fundamental to the scaling up of land management policies and practices designed to reduce risks and improve well-being for people at different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Fedele
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Unit Forêts et Sociétés, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, Occitanie, France
- Doctoral School ABIES, AgroParisTech, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Bruno Locatelli
- Research Unit Forêts et Sociétés, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, Occitanie, France
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Lima, Peru
| | - Houria Djoudi
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Matthew J. Colloff
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Revisiting the Factors Shaping Outcomes for Forest and Landscape Restoration in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Way Forward for Policy, Practice and Research. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mathews JA, Kruger L, Wentink GJ. Climate-smart agriculture for sustainable agricultural sectors: The case of Mooifontein. JAMBA (POTCHEFSTROOM, SOUTH AFRICA) 2018; 10:492. [PMID: 29955264 PMCID: PMC6013986 DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v10i1.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is an environmental phenomenon with the potential to exacerbate existing disaster risks and cause extensive human, financial and environmental losses. The Mooifontein agricultural region in South Africa is considered to be a region vulnerable to climate change-associated risks. These climate risks would pose a substantial threat to the livelihoods of farmers in the Mooifontein area. This article aims to explore climate-smart agriculture (CSA) as a resilience-building tool to ensure sustainable agricultural practices. A qualitative research approach was utilised to gain insights into climate change and the lived experiences of farmers and agricultural experts in Mooifontein. The findings revealed that agricultural communities should focus on the identification and application of adaptation strategies like CSA. The adoption of appropriate CSA practices will play a vital role in ensuring sustainable livelihoods and improved community resilience for farming communities in the Mooifontein region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leandri Kruger
- African Centre for Disaster Studies, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Gideon J. Wentink
- African Centre for Disaster Studies, North-West University, South Africa
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Whitfield S, Challinor AJ, Rees RM. Frontiers in Climate Smart Food Systems: Outlining the Research Space. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kearney SP, Coops NC, Chan KMA, Fonte SJ, Siles P, Smukler SM. Predicting carbon benefits from climate-smart agriculture: High-resolution carbon mapping and uncertainty assessment in El Salvador. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 202:287-298. [PMID: 28738202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Agroforestry management in smallholder agriculture can provide climate change mitigation and adaptation benefits and has been promoted as 'climate-smart agriculture' (CSA), yet has generally been left out of international and voluntary carbon (C) mitigation agreements. A key reason for this omission is the cost and uncertainty of monitoring C at the farm scale in heterogeneous smallholder landscapes. A largely overlooked alternative is to monitor C at more aggregated scales and develop C contracts with groups of land owners, community organizations or C aggregators working across entire landscapes (e.g., watersheds, communities, municipalities, etc.). In this study we use a 100-km2 agricultural area in El Salvador to demonstrate how high-spatial resolution optical satellite imagery can be used to map aboveground woody biomass (AGWB) C at the landscape scale with very low uncertainty (95% probability of a deviation of less than 1%). Uncertainty of AGWB-C estimates remained low (<5%) for areas as small as 250 ha, despite high uncertainties at the farm and plot scale (34-99%). We estimate that CSA adoption could more than double AGWB-C stocks on agricultural lands in the study area, and that utilizing AGWB-C maps to target denuded areas could increase C gains per unit area by 46%. The potential value of C credits under a plausible adoption scenario would range from $38,270 to $354,000 yr-1 for the study area, or about $13 to $124 ha-1 yr-1, depending on C prices. Considering farm sizes in smallholder landscapes rarely exceed 1-2 ha, relying solely on direct C payments to farmers may not lead to widespread CSA adoption, especially if farm-scale monitoring is required. Instead, landscape-scale approaches to C contracting, supported by satellite-based monitoring methods such as ours, could be a key strategy to reduce costs and uncertainty of C monitoring in heterogeneous smallholder landscapes, thereby incentivizing more widespread CSA adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Patrick Kearney
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Nicholas C Coops
- Department of Forest Resource Management, 2424 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Kai M A Chan
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202, Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Steven J Fonte
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, 1170 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Pablo Siles
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali, 763537, Colombia.
| | - Sean M Smukler
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Tropical Agriculture Program, The Earth Institute at Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Lamont Hall, Room 2H, Palisades, NY 10964-8000, USA.
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Lerner AM, Zuluaga AF, Chará J, Etter A, Searchinger T. Sustainable Cattle Ranching in Practice: Moving from Theory to Planning in Colombia's Livestock Sector. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017. [PMID: 28624912 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A growing population with increasing consumption of milk and dairy require more agricultural output in the coming years, which potentially competes with forests and other natural habitats. This issue is particularly salient in the tropics, where deforestation has traditionally generated cattle pastures and other commodity crops such as corn and soy. The purpose of this article is to review the concepts and discussion associated with reconciling food production and conservation, and in particular with regards to cattle production, including the concepts of land-sparing and land-sharing. We then present these concepts in the specific context of Colombia, where there are efforts to increase both cattle production and protect tropical forests, in order to discuss the potential for landscape planning for sustainable cattle production. We outline a national planning approach, which includes disaggregating the diverse cattle sector and production types, identifying biophysical, and economic opportunities and barriers for sustainable intensification in cattle ranching, and analyzing areas suitable for habitat restoration and conservation, in order to plan for both land-sparing and land-sharing strategies. This approach can be used in other contexts across the world where there is a need to incorporate cattle production into national goals for carbon sequestration and habitat restoration and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Lerner
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, C.P. 04510, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Andrés Felipe Zuluaga
- Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7, No. 40-62, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Julián Chará
- Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria (CIPAV), Carrera 25, No. 6-62, Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrés Etter
- Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7, No. 40-62, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Timothy Searchinger
- Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy (STEP), Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Robertson Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
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Barriers to the Adoption of Alley Cropping as a Climate-Smart Agriculture Practice: Lessons from Maize Cultivation among the Maya in Southern Belize. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8070260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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How climate-smart is conservation agriculture (CA)? – its potential to deliver on adaptation, mitigation and productivity on smallholder farms in southern Africa. Food Secur 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-017-0665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Agroecology as an Alternative Vision to Conventional Development and Climate-smart Agriculture. Development 2017. [DOI: 10.1057/s41301-016-0013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Kipling RP, Virkajärvi P, Breitsameter L, Curnel Y, De Swaef T, Gustavsson AM, Hennart S, Höglind M, Järvenranta K, Minet J, Nendel C, Persson T, Picon-Cochard C, Rolinski S, Sandars DL, Scollan ND, Sebek L, Seddaiu G, Topp CFE, Twardy S, Van Middelkoop J, Wu L, Bellocchi G. Key challenges and priorities for modelling European grasslands under climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:851-864. [PMID: 27259038 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Grassland-based ruminant production systems are integral to sustainable food production in Europe, converting plant materials indigestible to humans into nutritious food, while providing a range of environmental and cultural benefits. Climate change poses significant challenges for such systems, their productivity and the wider benefits they supply. In this context, grassland models have an important role in predicting and understanding the impacts of climate change on grassland systems, and assessing the efficacy of potential adaptation and mitigation strategies. In order to identify the key challenges for European grassland modelling under climate change, modellers and researchers from across Europe were consulted via workshop and questionnaire. Participants identified fifteen challenges and considered the current state of modelling and priorities for future research in relation to each. A review of literature was undertaken to corroborate and enrich the information provided during the horizon scanning activities. Challenges were in four categories relating to: 1) the direct and indirect effects of climate change on the sward 2) climate change effects on grassland systems outputs 3) mediation of climate change impacts by site, system and management and 4) cross-cutting methodological issues. While research priorities differed between challenges, an underlying theme was the need for accessible, shared inventories of models, approaches and data, as a resource for stakeholders and to stimulate new research. Developing grassland models to effectively support efforts to tackle climate change impacts, while increasing productivity and enhancing ecosystem services, will require engagement with stakeholders and policy-makers, as well as modellers and experimental researchers across many disciplines. The challenges and priorities identified are intended to be a resource 1) for grassland modellers and experimental researchers, to stimulate the development of new research directions and collaborative opportunities, and 2) for policy-makers involved in shaping the research agenda for European grassland modelling under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Kipling
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, 1st Floor, Stapledon Building, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Perttu Virkajärvi
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Halolantie 31 A, 71750 Maaninka, Finland.
| | - Laura Breitsameter
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Systemmodellierung Gemüsebau, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Yannick Curnel
- Farming Systems, Territories and Information Technologies Unit, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), 9 rue de Liroux, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Tom De Swaef
- ILVO, Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
| | - Anne-Maj Gustavsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Agricultural Research for Northern, Umeå, SE 901 83, Sweden.
| | - Sylvain Hennart
- Farming Systems, Territories and Information Technologies Unit, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), 9 rue de Liroux, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Mats Höglind
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Po. Box 115, NO -1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Kirsi Järvenranta
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Halolantie 31 A, 71750 Maaninka, Finland
| | - Julien Minet
- Arlon Campus Environnement, University of Liège, Avenue de Longwy 185, 6700 Arlon, Belgium.
| | - Claas Nendel
- Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Tomas Persson
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Po. Box 115, NO -1431 Ås, Norway.
| | | | - Susanne Rolinski
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Daniel L Sandars
- Cranfield University, School of Energy, Environment, and Agri-food, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Nigel D Scollan
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, 1st Floor, Stapledon Building, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Leon Sebek
- Wageningen UR Livestock Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanna Seddaiu
- NRD, Desertification Research Centre; Dept. of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | | | - Stanislaw Twardy
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences at Falenty, Malopolska Research Centre in Krakow, 31-450 Krakow, ul. Ulanow 21B, Poland.
| | | | - Lianhai Wu
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton EX20 2SB, UK.
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Reed J, Van Vianen J, Deakin EL, Barlow J, Sunderland T. Integrated landscape approaches to managing social and environmental issues in the tropics: learning from the past to guide the future. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:2540-54. [PMID: 26990574 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Poverty, food insecurity, climate change and biodiversity loss continue to persist as the primary environmental and social challenges faced by the global community. As such, there is a growing acknowledgement that conventional sectorial approaches to addressing often inter-connected social, environmental, economic and political challenges are proving insufficient. An alternative is to focus on integrated solutions at landscape scales or 'landscape approaches'. The appeal of landscape approaches has resulted in the production of a significant body of literature in recent decades, yet confusion over terminology, application and utility persists. Focusing on the tropics, we systematically reviewed the literature to: (i) disentangle the historical development and theory behind the framework of the landscape approach and how it has progressed into its current iteration, (ii) establish lessons learned from previous land management strategies, (iii) determine the barriers that currently restrict implementation of the landscape approach and (iv) provide recommendations for how the landscape approach can contribute towards the fulfilment of the goals of international policy processes. This review suggests that, despite some barriers to implementation, a landscape approach has considerable potential to meet social and environmental objectives at local scales while aiding national commitments to addressing ongoing global challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Reed
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Josh Van Vianen
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Elizabeth L Deakin
- Opus International Consultants, Level 9, Majestic Centre, 100 Willis Street, PO Box 12-343, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Terry Sunderland
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
- Center for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4870, Australia
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Salvini G, Ligtenberg A, van Paassen A, Bregt AK, Avitabile V, Herold M. REDD+ and climate smart agriculture in landscapes: A case study in Vietnam using companion modelling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 172:58-70. [PMID: 26921566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Finding land use strategies that merge land-based climate change mitigation measures and adaptation strategies is still an open issue in climate discourse. This article explores synergies and trade-offs between REDD+, a scheme that focuses mainly on mitigation through forest conservation, with "Climate Smart Agriculture", an approach that emphasizes adaptive agriculture. We introduce a framework for ex-ante assessment of the impact of land management policies and interventions and for quantifying their impacts on land-based mitigation and adaptation goals. The framework includes a companion modelling (ComMod) process informed by interviews with policymakers, local experts and local farmers. The ComMod process consists of a Role-Playing Game with local farmers and an Agent Based Model. The game provided a participatory means to develop policy and climate change scenarios. These scenarios were then used as inputs to the Agent Based Model, a spatially explicit model to simulate landscape dynamics and the associated carbon emissions over decades. We applied the framework using as case study a community in central Vietnam, characterized by deforestation for subsistence agriculture and cultivation of acacias as a cash crop. The main findings show that the framework is useful in guiding consideration of local stakeholders' goals, needs and constraints. Additionally the framework provided beneficial information to policymakers, pointing to ways that policies might be re-designed to make them better tailored to local circumstances and therefore more effective in addressing synergistically climate change mitigation and adaptation objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Salvini
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science & Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - A Ligtenberg
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science & Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A van Paassen
- Knowledge Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A K Bregt
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science & Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - V Avitabile
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science & Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Herold
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science & Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Exploring Opportunities for Promoting Synergies between Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Forest Carbon Initiatives. FORESTS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/f7010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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The Role of Citizen Science in Landscape and Seascape Approaches to Integrating Conservation and Development. LAND 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/land4041200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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