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Pradère P, Zajacova A, Bos S, Le Pavec J, Fisher A. Molecular monitoring of lung allograft health: is it ready for routine clinical use? Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:230125. [PMID: 37993125 PMCID: PMC10663940 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0125-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of long-term lung allograft health in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) requires a fine balancing act between providing sufficient immunosuppression to reduce the risk of rejection whilst at the same time not over-immunosuppressing individuals and exposing them to the myriad of immunosuppressant drug side-effects that can cause morbidity and mortality. At present, lung transplant physicians only have limited and rather blunt tools available to assist them with this task. Although therapeutic drug monitoring provides clinically useful information about single time point and longitudinal exposure of LTRs to immunosuppressants, it lacks precision in determining the functional level of immunosuppression that an individual is experiencing. There is a significant gap in our ability to monitor lung allograft health and therefore tailor optimal personalised immunosuppression regimens. Molecular diagnostics performed on blood, bronchoalveolar lavage or lung tissue that can detect early signs of subclinical allograft injury, differentiate rejection from infection or distinguish cellular from humoral rejection could offer clinicians powerful tools in protecting lung allograft health. In this review, we look at the current evidence behind molecular monitoring in lung transplantation and ask if it is ready for routine clinical use. Although donor-derived cell-free DNA and tissue transcriptomics appear to be the techniques with the most immediate clinical potential, more robust data are required on their performance and additional clinical value beyond standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Pradère
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph and Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Zajacova
- Prague Lung Transplant Program, Department of Pneumology, Motol University Hospital and 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Saskia Bos
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jérôme Le Pavec
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph and Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Andrew Fisher
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Soccio P, Moriondo G, Scioscia G, Leo V, Tondo P, Salerno L, Palange P, Barbaro MPF, Lacedonia D. Searching for airways biomarkers useful to identify progressive pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:407. [PMID: 37884953 PMCID: PMC10605223 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disorder with unknown etiology. To date, the identification of new diagnostic, prognostic and progression biomarkers of IPF turns out to be necessary. MicroRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs which negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in several biological and pathological processes. An aberrant regulation of gene expression by miRNA is often associated with various diseases, including IPF. As result, miRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers with relevance to pulmonary fibrosis. Several reports suggested that miRNAs are secreted as microvesicles or exosome, and hance they are stable and can be readily detected in the circulation. In the contest of miRNAs as circulating biomarkers, different studies show their role in various types of interstitial lung diseases and suggest that these small molecules could be used as prognostic markers of the disease. Exosomes are small, lipid-bound vesicles able to carry various elements of the naïve cells such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs and miRNA to facilitate cell communication under normal and diseases condition. Exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRNA) have been studied in relation to many diseases. However, there is little or no knowledge regarding exo-miRNA in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in IPF. Our study's aim is to evaluate the changes in the expression of two exo-miRNAs in BAL, respectively miR-21 and miR-92a, through highlighting the differences between IPF, progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) and not-progressive pulmonary fibrosis (nPPF). METHODS Exosomes were characterized by Western Blot and Multiplex Surface Marker Analysis. Exosomal miRNA expression was performed by qRT-PCR. ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, based on data normality, was used to compare the differential expression between groups. RESULTS MiR-21 expression was significantly higher in the nPPF group than in both IPF and PPF. A result that could point above a possible role of miR-21, as a biomarker in the differential diagnosis between PPF and nPPF. MiR-92a, indeed, was down regulated in PPF compared to IPF and down regulated in PPF compared to nPPF. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the putative role of both miR-21 and miR-92a as possible biomarkers of pulmonary fibrosis progression. Moreover, the role of exo-miRNAs is examined as a possible future direction that could lead to new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of progressive and non-progressive pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Soccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Moriondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 1 , Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - Valentina Leo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Università, 37, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico, 155, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - Luciana Salerno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - Paolo Palange
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Università, 37, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico, 155, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 1 , Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 1 , Foggia, 71122, Italy
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Dong M, Wang X, Li T, Jing Y, Liu Y, Zhao H. miR-27a-3p alleviates lung transplantation-induced bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) via suppressing Smad-mediated myofibroblast differentiation and TLR4-induced dendritic cells maturation. Transpl Immunol 2023; 78:101806. [PMID: 36925075 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), induced by a chronic rejection, remains a significant obstacle for end-stage lung diseases after lung transplantation. We have previously determined that the small non-coding mRNA (miRNA) miR-27a-3p maintained the immature state of dendritic cells (DCs) via the interleukin 10 (IL-10)-dependent regulatory pathway. Such status helped in preventing rejection and alleviating BOS. The present study explored mechanisms how miR-27a-3p may suppress the fibrosis as well as the maturation of DCs, ultimately attenuating BOS in vitro and in vivo. METHODS/RESULTS In our tracheal transplantation mouse model, the expression of Smad2, Smad4, and αSMA were significantly decreased in the miR-27a-3p-transfected DCs (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0006, and p = 0.0002 respectively). Moreover, the expression of fibrosis markers (α-SMA, collagen I, and Fn) were potently inhibited in the miR-27a-3p-transfected NIH-3 T3 cells (p < 0.0001, p = 0.00148, and p < 0.0001 respectively). At the same time, reversed results were observed in the inhibitor group (p = 0.0002, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001 respectively), indicating that miR-27a-3p could directly inhibit myofibroblast differentiation. Furthermore, in the tracheal transplanted mice, the population of Treg cells was significantly decreased (p < 0.0001). In contrast, Th17 cells were down-regulated in the miR-27a-3p-transfected DCs group (p < 0.0001), accompanied by the decreased IL-17 levels (p = 0.0007) and the induction of TGF-β1 and IL-10 (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0016 respectively). Further mechanistic studies indicated that miR-27a-3p altered the maturation of DCs by targeting TLR4 and IRAK (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0002 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that miR-27a-3p selectively blocked the TGF-β1/Smad pathways to suppress the myofibroblast differentiation and targeted the TRL4/IRAK4 pathway to restrain DCs maturation, thus attenuating BOS. Our findings suggest that miR-27a-3p is a potential active molecule on BOS management after lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, No.238 LongYan Road, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yaqing Jing
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, No.22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, No.22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Honglin Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
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Zhang J, Toremurat Z, Liang Y, Cheng J, Sun Z, Huang Y, Liu J, Chaogetu BUREN, Ren G, Chen H. Study on the Association between LRRC8B Gene InDel and Sheep Body Conformation Traits. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020356. [PMID: 36833283 PMCID: PMC9956668 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Marker-assisted selection is an important method for livestock breeding. In recent years, this technology has been gradually applied to livestock breeding to improve the body conformation traits. In this study, the LRRC8B (Leucine Rich Repeat Containing 8 VRAC Subunit B) gene was selected to evaluate the association between its genetic variations and the body conformation traits in two native sheep breeds in China. Four body conformation traits, including withers height, body length, chest circumference, and body weight, were collected from 269 Chaka sheep. We also collected the body length, chest width, withers height, chest depth, chest circumference, cannon bone circumference, and height at hip cross of 149 Small-Tailed Han sheep. Two different genotypes, ID and DD, were detected in all sheep. Our data showed that the polymorphism of the LRRC8B gene was significantly associated with chest depth (p < 0.05) in Small-Tailed Han sheep, and it is greater in sheep with DD than those with ID. In conclusion, our data suggested that the LRRC8B gene could serve as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in Small-Tailed Han sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhansaya Toremurat
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yilin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhenzhen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yangming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Junxia Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - BUREN Chaogetu
- Animal Disease Control Center of Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Delingha 817000, China
| | - Gang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (H.C.); Tel.: +86-029-87092102 (H.C.); Fax: +86-029-87092164 (H.C.)
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (H.C.); Tel.: +86-029-87092102 (H.C.); Fax: +86-029-87092164 (H.C.)
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Halverson LP, Hachem RR. Antibody-Mediated Rejection and Lung Transplantation. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:428-435. [PMID: 34030204 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is now a widely recognized form of lung allograft rejection, with mounting evidence for AMR as an important risk factor for the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction and markedly decreased long-term survival. Despite the recent development of the consensus diagnostic criteria, it remains a challenging diagnosis of exclusion. Furthermore, even after diagnosis, treatment directed at pulmonary AMR has been nearly exclusively derived from practices with other solid-organ transplants and other areas of medicine, such that there is a significant lack of data regarding the efficacy for these in pulmonary AMR. Lastly, outcomes after AMR remain quite poor despite aggressive treatment. In this review, we revisit the history of AMR in lung transplantation, describe our current understanding of its pathophysiology, discuss the use and limitations of the consensus diagnostic criteria, review current treatment strategies, and summarize long-term outcomes. We conclude with a synopsis of our most pressing gaps in knowledge, introduce recommendations for future directions, and highlight promising areas of active research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Halverson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Ramsey R Hachem
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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Casanova NG, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Sun B, Bime C, Sun X, Knox KS, Crouser ED, Sammani N, Gonzales T, Natt B, Chaudhary S, Lussier Y, Garcia JGN. Differential transcriptomics in sarcoidosis lung and lymph node granulomas with comparisons to pathogen-specific granulomas. Respir Res 2020; 21:321. [PMID: 33276795 PMCID: PMC7716494 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite the availability of multi-"omics" strategies, insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of sarcoidosis have been elusive. This is partly due to the lack of reliable preclinical models and a paucity of validated biomarkers. As granulomas are a key feature of sarcoidosis, we speculate that direct genomic interrogation of sarcoid tissues, may lead to identification of dysregulated gene pathways or biomarker signatures. OBJECTIVE To facilitate the development sarcoidosis genomic biomarkers by gene expression profiling of sarcoidosis granulomas in lung and lymph node tissues (most commonly affected organs) and comparison to infectious granulomas (coccidiodomycosis and tuberculosis). METHODS Transcriptomic profiles of immune-related gene from micro-dissected sarcoidosis granulomas within lung and mediastinal lymph node tissues and compared to infectious granulomas from paraffin-embedded blocks. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were profiled, compared among the three granulomatous diseases and analyzed for functional enrichment pathways. RESULTS Despite histologic similarities, DEGs and pathway enrichment markedly differed in sarcoidosis granulomas from lymph nodes and lung. Lymph nodes showed a clear immunological response, whereas a structural regenerative response was observed in lung. Sarcoidosis granuloma gene expression data corroborated previously reported genomic biomarkers (STAB1, HBEGF, and NOTCH4), excluded others and identified new genomic markers present in lung and lymph nodes, ADAMTS1, NPR1 and CXCL2. Comparisons between sarcoidosis and pathogen granulomas identified pathway divergences and commonalities at gene expression level. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the importance of tissue and disease-specificity evaluation when exploring sarcoidosis genomic markers. This relevant translational information in sarcoidosis and other two histopathological similar infections provides meaningful specific genomic-derived biomarkers for sarcoidosis diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy G Casanova
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Manuel L Gonzalez-Garay
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Belinda Sun
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christian Bime
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kenneth S Knox
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elliott D Crouser
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nora Sammani
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Taylor Gonzales
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Bhupinder Natt
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sachin Chaudhary
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yves Lussier
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Cai J, Gehrau R, Tu Z, Leroy V, Su G, Shang J, Mas VR, Emtiazjoo A, Pelaez A, Atkinson C, Machuca T, Upchurch GR, Sharma AK. MicroRNA-206 antagomiR‒enriched extracellular vesicles attenuate lung ischemia‒reperfusion injury through CXCL1 regulation in alveolar epithelial cells. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020; 39:1476-1490. [PMID: 33067103 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our hypothesis is that the immunomodulatory capacities of mesenchymal stem cell‒derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be enhanced by specific microRNAs (miRNAs) to effectively attenuate post-transplant lung ischemia‒reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS The expression of miR-206 was analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients on Days 0 and 1 after lung transplantation. Lung IR injury was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice using a left lung hilar-ligation model with or without treatment with EVs or antagomiR-206‒enriched EVs. Murine lung tissue was used for miRNA microarray hybridization analysis, and cytokine expression, lung injury, and edema were evaluated. A donation after circulatory death and murine orthotopic lung transplantation model was used to evaluate the protection by enriched EVs against lung IR injury. In vitro studies analyzed type II epithelial cell activation after coculturing with EVs. RESULTS A significant upregulation of miR-206 was observed in the BAL fluid of patients on Day 1 after lung transplantation compared with Day 0 and in murine lungs after IR injury compared with sham. Treatment with antagomiR-206‒enriched EVs attenuated lung dysfunction, injury, and edema compared with treatment with EVs alone after murine lung IR injury. Enriched EVs reduced lung injury and neutrophil infiltration as well as improved allograft oxygenation after murine orthotopic lung transplantation. Enriched EVs significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokines, especially epithelial cell‒dependent CXCL1 expression, in the in vivo and in vitro IR injury models. CONCLUSIONS EVs can be used as biomimetic nanovehicles for protective immunomodulation by enriching them with antagomiR-206 to mitigate epithelial cell activation and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs after IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ricardo Gehrau
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zhenxiao Tu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Victoria Leroy
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gang Su
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Junyi Shang
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Valeria R Mas
- Transplant Research Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Amir Emtiazjoo
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andres Pelaez
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Surgery, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Tiago Machuca
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Ashish K Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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Sharma A, Jha NK, Dahiya K, Singh VK, Chaurasiya K, Jha AN, Jha SK, Mishra PC, Dholpuria S, Astya R, Nand P, Kumar A, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK. Nanoparticulate RNA delivery systems in cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 3:e1271. [PMID: 32729987 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug delivery system is a common practice in cancer treatment. RNA interference-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing holds promise as an approach to knockdown in the expression of target genes responsible for cancer cell growth and metastasis. RNA interference (RNAi) can be achieved by delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to target cells. Since neither interfering RNAs can be delivered in naked form due to poor stability, an efficient delivery system is required that protects, guides, and delivers the siRNA and shRNA to target cells as part of cancer therapy (chemotherapy). RECENT FINDINGS In this review, a discussion is presented about the different types of drug delivery system used to deliver siRNA and shRNA, together with an overview of the potential benefits associated with this sophisticated biomolecular therapy. Improved understanding of the different approaches used in nanoparticle (NP) fabrication, along with an enhanced appreciation of the biochemical properties of siRNA/shRNA, will assist in developing improved drug delivery strategies in basic and clinical research. CONCLUSION These novel delivery techniques are able to solve the problems that form an inevitable part of delivering genes in more efficient manner and as part of more effective treatment protocols. The present review concludes that the nanoparticulate RNA delivery system has great possibility for cancer treatment along with several other proposed methods. Several NPs or nanocarriers are already in use, but the methods proposed here could fulfill the missing gap in cancer research. It is the future technology, which unravels the mystery of resolving genomic diseases that is, especially genomic instability and its signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Kajal Dahiya
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Kundan Chaurasiya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Aditya Narayan Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cellular Therapy, StemMax Research & Therapeutics Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, India
| | - Sunny Dholpuria
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Rani Astya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Parma Nand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Ram Krishna College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, India
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Shevchenko OP, Sharapchenko SO, Tsirulnikova OM, Pashkov IV, Gichkun OE, Velikiy DA, Shigaev EF, Oleshkevich DO, Bekov MT. MicroRNA expression levels in lung recipients: correlations with clinical and laboratory data. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTOLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 2020. [DOI: 10.15825/1995-1191-2020-2-86-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: to evaluate the expression levels of miRNA (miR-27, miR-101, miR-142, miR-339 and miR-424) and its relationship with clinical and laboratory parameters in lung transplant recipients. Materials and methods. The study included 57 lung recipients aged 10 to 74 years (35 ± 15), including six children (9%) – four boys 10, 12, 13 and 17 years and girls 13 and 14 years old – and 51 adult recipients, including 30 men (62.5%). The control group was made up of 14 healthy individuals that were not significantly different by gender and age. Expression levels of the microRNAs studied in blood plasma were determined via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Correlations of miRNA expression levels with complete blood count and biochemical blood test indicators were analyzed. Results. Patients with end-stage chronic respiratory failure (potential lung recipients) were found to have significantly higher expression levels of miR-27, miR-101 and miR-339 in plasma than the healthy individuals (p = 0.02, p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). The expression level of miR-339 correlated with the age of potential lung recipients (p = 0.04). It was a negative correlation (r = –0.46). The expression levels of the other four miRNAs were age independent. The average expression level of miR-424 in lung recipients in the long-term period after lung transplant was higher than in waitlisted patients (p = 0.03). Analysis of the relationship between miRNA expression levels and external respiration function in the long-term post-transplant period showed that miR-142 expression level (r = 0.61; p = 0.04) positively correlates with the Tiffeneau-Pinelli index. This strong correlation, which exceeds 85%, indicates the presence of restrictive lung diseases. A year and more after transplantation, it was found that in the recipients, there were close positive correlations between miR-27, miR-142, miR-424 expression levels and blood leukocyte concentration, as well as between the miR-142 expression level and the sCD40L concentration during this period. Conclusion. A comparative study of the expression level of miRNAs (miR-27, miR-101, miR-142, miR-339 and miR-424) in the blood plasma of patients suffering from end-stage chronic lung diseases of various origin and in lung recipients enables us to conclude that further studies of the miRNA panels are needed in order to assess their effectiveness as potential molecular and genetic markers of post-transplant complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. P. Shevchenko
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs;
Sechenov University
| | - S. O. Sharapchenko
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs
| | - O. M. Tsirulnikova
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs;
Sechenov University
| | - I. V. Pashkov
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs
| | - O. E. Gichkun
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs;
Sechenov University
| | - D. A. Velikiy
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs
| | - E. F. Shigaev
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs
| | - D. O. Oleshkevich
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs
| | - M. T. Bekov
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs
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Bery AI, Hachem RR. Antibody-mediated rejection after lung transplantation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:411. [PMID: 32355855 PMCID: PMC7186640 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) has been identified as a significant form of acute allograft dysfunction in lung transplantation. The development of consensus diagnostic criteria has created a uniform definition of AMR; however, significant limitations of these criteria have been identified. Treatment modalities for AMR have been adapted from other areas of medicine and data on the effectiveness of these therapies in AMR are limited. AMR is often refractory to these therapies, and graft failure and death are common. AMR is associated with increased rates of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and poor long-term survival. In this review, we discuss the history of AMR and describe known mechanisms, application of the consensus diagnostic criteria, data for current treatment strategies, and long-term outcomes. In addition, we highlight current gaps in knowledge, ongoing research, and future directions to address these gaps. Promising diagnostic techniques are actively being investigated that may allow for early detection and treatment of AMR. We conclude that further investigation is required to identify and define chronic and subclinical AMR, and head-to-head comparisons of currently used treatment protocols are necessary to identify an optimal treatment approach. Gaps in knowledge regarding the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of AMR continue to exist and future research should focus on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit I Bery
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ramsey R Hachem
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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11
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Li J, Wei L, Han Z, Chen Z, Zhang Q. Long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript silencing ameliorates primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation through microRNA-21-dependent mechanism. EBioMedicine 2020; 52:102600. [PMID: 31981974 PMCID: PMC6976928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a known acute lung injury (ALI) and a major cause of fatality post-lung transplantation. Though some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been studied in ALI through regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), their effects on PGD remain undefined. The present study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) in PGD after lung transplantation. Methods Initially, the expression of miR-21, IL-12A and XIST was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down and RIP assay were performed to identify the targeting relationship between miR-21 and IL-12A and the binding relationship between miR-21 and XIST. Loss- and gain-of-function investigations were conducted in rats treated with prolonged cold ischemia and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Findings miR-21 was decreased, whilst XIST and IL-12A were increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of PGD patients after lung transplantation. Enhanced miR-21 expression in rats and PMNs resulted in downregulated expression of pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines, and enhanced the apoptosis of PMNs. XIST was found to upregulate IL-12A expression in a miR-21-dependent manner. Additionally, XIST silencing enhanced the apoptosis of PMNs and inhibited the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation through upregulation of miR-21 but downregulation of IL-12A in vivo. Interpretation In summary, lncRNA XIST upregulates IL-12A by binding to miR-21, thereby inducing NET formation and accelerating PGD after lung transplantation. This suggests that inhibition of XIST and NET may be beneficial for the treatment of PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China.
| | - Zhijun Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
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12
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Liu R, Wang W, Wang S, Xie W, Li H, Ning B. microRNA-21 regulates astrocytic reaction post-acute phase of spinal cord injury through modulating TGF-β signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1474-1488. [PMID: 29936495 PMCID: PMC6046223 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Astrogliosis following spinal cord injury (SCI) was considered as a negative factor for neural regeneration. We found that miR-21 was significantly upregulated after SCI. So, we aim to determine whether miR-21 acts in a positive manner post SCI. In vitro, we measured the proliferation, apoptosis and cytokine secretion of primary cultured astrocytes after modulating the expression of miR-21 by western blot, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. In vivo, we performed a modified Allen's weight drop model. Manipulation of the miR-21 expression level was achieved by interfering with antagomir and agomir. Clinic score was evaluated and recorded every day. Then, western blot, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay and ELISA were performed to detect pathological and functional alterations. Our results demonstrate that miR-21 can modulate the secretion, proliferation and apoptosis of astrocytes to promote recovery after SCI both in vivo and in vitro. These effects are likely mediated through transforming growth factor beta mediated targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. These data suggest that miR-21 can regulate astrocytic function, then promote the functional recovery after SCI. We therefore highlight the positive effects of miR-21 after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghan Liu
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
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13
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Stone ML, Zhao Y, Robert Smith J, Weiss ML, Kron IL, Laubach VE, Sharma AK. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and enhance reconditioning of donor lungs after circulatory death. Respir Res 2017; 18:212. [PMID: 29268735 PMCID: PMC5740880 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury after transplantation as well as acute shortage of suitable donor lungs are two critical issues impacting lung transplant patients. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory role of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to attenuate lung IR injury and improve of ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP)-mediated rehabilitation in donation after circulatory death (DCD) lungs. Methods C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice underwent sham surgery or lung IR using an in vivo hilar-ligation model with or without MSCs or EVs. In vitro studies used primary iNKT cells and macrophages (MH-S cells) were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation with/without co-cultures with MSCs or EVs. Also, separate groups of WT mice underwent euthanasia and 1 h of warm ischemia and stored at 4 °C for 1 h followed by 1 h of normothermic EVLP using Steen solution or Steen solution containing MSCs or EVs. Results Lungs from MSCs or EV-treated mice had significant attenuation of lung dysfunction and injury (decreased edema, neutrophil infiltration and myeloperoxidase levels) compared to IR alone. A significant decrease in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17, TNF-α, CXCL1 and HMGB1) and upregulation of keratinocyte growth factor, prostaglandin E2 and IL-10 occurred in the BAL fluid from MSC or EV-treated mice after IR compared to IR alone. Furthermore, MSCs or EVs significantly downregulated iNKT cell-produced IL-17 and macrophage-produced HMGB1 and TNF-α after hypoxia/reoxygenation. Finally, EVLP of DCD lungs with Steen solution including MSCs or EVs provided significantly enhanced protection versus Steen solution alone. Co-cultures of MSCs or EVs with lung endothelial cells prevents neutrophil transendothelial migration after exposure to hypoxia/reoxygenation and TNF-α/HMGB1 cytomix. Conclusions These results suggest that MSC-derived EVs can attenuate lung inflammation and injury after IR as well as enhance EVLP-mediated reconditioning of donor lungs. The therapeutic benefits of EVs are in part mediated through anti-inflammatory promoting mechanisms via attenuation of immune cell activation as well as prevention of endothelial barrier integrity to prevent lung edema. Therefore, MSC-derived EVs offer a potential therapeutic strategy to treat post-transplant IR injury as well as rehabilitation of DCD lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Stone
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801359, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Yunge Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801359, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - J Robert Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Mark L Weiss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Irving L Kron
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801359, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Victor E Laubach
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801359, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Ashish K Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801359, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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14
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The Potential of MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Transplant Rejection. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:4072364. [PMID: 28191475 PMCID: PMC5278203 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4072364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) influences many cellular functions, including cellular differentiation, cell proliferation, cell development, and functional regulation of the immune system. Recently, miRNAs have been detected in serum, plasma, and urine and circulating miR profiles have been associated with a variety of diseases. Rejection is one of the major causes of allograft failure and preventing and treating acute rejection are the central task for clinicians working with transplant patients. Invasive biopsies used in monitoring rejection are burdensome and risky to transplant patients. Novel and easily accessible biomarkers of acute rejection could make it possible to detect rejection earlier and make more fine-tuned calibration of immunosuppressive or new target treatment possible. In this review, we discuss whether circulating miRNA can serve as an early noninvasive diagnostic biomarker and an expression fingerprint of allograft rejection and transplant failure. Understanding the regulatory interplay of relevant miRNAs and the rejecting allograft will result in a better understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of alloimmune injury.
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15
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da Silva BDO, Lima KF, Gonçalves LR, da Silveira MB, Moraes KCM. MicroRNA Profiling of the Effect of the Heptapeptide Angiotensin-(1-7) in A549 Lung Tumor Cells Reveals a Role for miRNA149-3p in Cellular Migration Processes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162094. [PMID: 27598578 PMCID: PMC5012581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer in humans and a leading cause of death worldwide. The high mortality rates are correlated with late diagnosis, which leads to high rates of metastasis found in patients. Thus, despite all the improvement in therapeutic approaches, the development of new drugs that control cancer cell migration and metastasis are required. The heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) [ang-(1-7)] has demonstrated the ability to control the growth rates of human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and the elucidation of central elements that control the fine-tuning of cancer cells migration in the presence of the ang-(1-7), will support the development of new therapeutic approaches. Ang-(1-7) is a peptide hormone of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and this study investigates the modulatory effect of the heptapeptide on the expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) in lung tumor cells, to elucidate mechanistic concerns about the effect of the peptide in the control of tumor migratory processes. Our primary aim was to compare the miRNA profiling between treated and untreated-heptapeptide cells to characterize the relevant molecule that modulates cellular migration rates. The analyses selected twenty one miRNAs, which are differentially expressed between the groups; however, statistical analyses indicated miRNA-149-3p as a relevant molecule. Once functional analyses were performed, we demonstrated that miRNA-149-3p plays a role in the cellular migration processes. This information could be useful for future investigations on drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelvin Furtado Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rocha Gonçalves
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departament of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Bonfogo da Silveira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departament of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C. M. Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departament of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Ladak SS, Ward C, Ali S. The potential role of microRNAs in lung allograft rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35:550-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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17
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Liu RH, Ning B, Ma XE, Gong WM, Jia TH. Regulatory roles of microRNA-21 in fibrosis through interaction with diverse pathways (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2359-66. [PMID: 26846276 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a small, non-coding RNA which can regulate gene expression at the post‑transcriptional level. While the fibrogenic process is vital in tissue repair, proliferation and transition of fibrogenic cells combined with an imbalance of secretion and degradation of the extracellular matrix results in excessive tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Recent studies have indicated that miR‑21 is overexpressed during fibrosis and can regulate the fibrogenic process in a variety of organs and tissues via diverse pathways. The present review summarized the significant roles of miR-21 in fibrosis and discussed the underlying key pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Han Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ning
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-En Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Gong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Tang-Hong Jia
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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Tomuleasa C, Fuji S, Cucuianu A, Kapp M, Pileczki V, Petrushev B, Selicean S, Tanase A, Dima D, Berindan-Neagoe I, Irimie A, Einsele H. MicroRNAs as biomarkers for graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2015; 94:1081-92. [PMID: 25900787 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-015-2369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is a well-established treatment for many malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders. As frequent complication in up to 50 % of all patients, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is still the main cause for morbidity and non-relapse mortality. Diagnosis of GVHD is usually done clinically, even though confirmation by pathology is often used to support the clinical findings. Effective treatment requires intensified immunosuppression as early as possible. Although several promising biomarkers have been proposed for an early diagnosis, no internationally recognized consensus has yet been established. Here, microRNAs (miRs) represent an interesting tool since miRs have been recently reported to be an important regulator of various cells, including immune cells such as T cells. Therefore, we could assume that miRs play a key role in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD, and their detection might be an interesting possibility in the early diagnosis and monitoring of acute GVHD. Recent studies additionally demonstrated the implication of miRs in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD. In this review, we aim to summarize the previous reports of miRs, focusing on the pathogenesis of acute GVHD and possible implications in diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bulevardul 21 Decembrie 1918 Nr. 73, 400124, Cluj Napoca, Romania,
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Xu Z, Ramachandran S, Gunasekaran M, Zhou F, Trulock E, Kreisel D, Hachem R, Mohanakumar T. MicroRNA-144 dysregulates the transforming growth factor-β signaling cascade and contributes to the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after human lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:1154-62. [PMID: 25979625 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), chronic lung allograft rejection, remains an impediment for the function of the transplanted organ. In this study, we defined the role of the microRNA (miRNA) miR-144 in fibroproliferation leading to BOS. METHODS Biopsy specimens were obtained from 20 lung transplant recipients with BOS((+)) and 19 without BOS((-)). Expression of miR-144 and its target, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced factor homeobox 1(TGIF1), were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Overexpression of miR-144 and luciferase reporter genes were performed to elucidate miRNA-target interactions. The function of miR-144 was evaluated by transfecting fibroblasts and determining the response to TGF-β by analyzing Sma- and Mad-related family (Smads), fibroblast growth factor, TGF-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Smooth muscle actin-α-positive stress fibers and F-actin filaments in lung fibroblasts were analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Analysis of miR-144 in the biopsy specimens demonstrated 4.1 ± 0.8-fold increases in BOS(+) compared with BOS(-) patients, with a significant reduction in TGIF1 (3.6 ± 1.2-fold), a corepressor of Smads. In vitro transfection confirmed that over-expression of miR-144 results in a reduction in TGIF1 and an increase in SMAD2, SMAD4, fibroblast growth factor-6, TGF-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Increasing miR-144 by transfecting, increased smooth muscle actin-α and fibronectin, and knockdown of miR-144 diminished fibrogenesis in MRC-5 fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS miR-144 is a critical regulator of the TGF-β signaling cascade and is over-expressed in lungs with BOS. Therefore, miR-144 is a potential target toward preventing fibrosis leading to BOS after lung transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thalachallour Mohanakumar
- Departments of Surgery; Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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