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Gunasekaran TI, Meena D, Lee AJ, Wu S, Dumitrescu L, Sperling R, Hohman TJ, Huang J, Dehghan A, Tzoulaki I, Mayeux R, Vardarajan B. Genome-wide scan of Flortaucipir PET levels finds JARID2 associated with cerebral tau deposition. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.10.04.24314853. [PMID: 39417126 PMCID: PMC11482994 DOI: 10.1101/2024.10.04.24314853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has primarily focused on amyloid-β (Aβ) pathogenesis, with fewer studies exploring tau pathology. Elucidating the genetic basis of tau pathology could identify novel pathways in AD. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study of tau standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) from [18]F-flortaucipir positron emission tomography (PET) images to identify genetic variants underlying Tau pathology. Genetic data and tau-SUVRs from [18]F-flortaucipir PET images were acquired from the A4 (311 with preclinical AD) and ADNI (280 cognitively normal, 76 with mild cognitive impairment, and 19 AD patients) studies. Circulating plasma proteins in UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKBPPP, N=54,129) were used to validate genetic findings. SNP genotypes were tested for association with Tau-SUVR levels adjusting for age, sex and population substructure variables. AD association of polygenic risk scores (PRS) of tau and amyloid-SUVRs were assessed. Causal effect of plasma protein levels on Tau pathology were tested using Mendelian randomization analyses. RESULTS GWAS of tau-SUVR revealed two significant loci: rs78636169 (P=5.76×10-10) in JARID2 and rs7292124 (P=2.20×10-8) near ISX. Gene-based analysis of tau deposition highlighted APOE (P=2.55×10-6), CTNNA3 (P=2.86×10-6) and JARID2 (P=1.23×10-4), a component of the PRC2 multi-protein complex which regulates gene expression. Mendelian randomization analysis of available circulating plasma proteins in the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKBPPP) identified LRRFIP1, a protein that binds with PRC2 multi-protein complex, as potentially causally linked to tau pathology. Genes associated with both amyloid and tau pathologies were enriched in endocytosis and signal transduction pathways. AD polygenic risk score (PRS) was associated with amyloid-SUVR but not with tau-SUVR. Amyloid-SUVR PRS had a notable association with AD clinical status, particularly in younger APOE-ε4 carriers, whereas tau-SUVR PRS showed a stronger association in older carriers. CONCLUSION We identified a novel potential therapeutic target, JARID2 in the PRC2 multi-protein complex, for tau pathology. Furthermore, gene pathway analysis clarified the distinct roles of Aβ and tau in AD progression, underscoring the complexity of genetic influences across different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil Iniyan Gunasekaran
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Devendra Meena
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Annie J Lee
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Siwei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Reisa Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jingxian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- BHF Centre of Excellence, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Richard Mayeux
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Yamagata HD, Akatsu H, Fukuoka T, Wake A, Watanabe I, KImura N, Miki T, Kamada K, Miyazaki T, Yamamoto T, Hori A, Sato N, Mimuro M, Yoshida M, Hashizume Y. Novel insights into presenilin 1 mutation associated with a distinctive dementia phenotype and cotton wool plaques. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:4829-4835. [PMID: 38755484 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mutations in the presenilin 1 gene (PSEN1) are the main cause of familial Alzheimer's disease. PSEN1 mutations affect amyloid-beta peptide production, which accumulates in the brain as senile plaque and cotton wool plaques (CWPs) and relates to other neurodegenerative disorders. Here we report the second case of the PSEN1 G266S mutation, which showed distinctive neuropathological features, including abundant CWPs. Lewy body pathology, and altered amyloid-beta production. METHOD Using the proband's samples, we performed genetic analysis of the PSEN1, APP, MAPT, and APOE genes, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of the brain tissue, and biochemical analysis of Aβ production in COS cells transfected with wild-type or mutant PSEN1. RESULTS The patient presented with memory loss, abnormal behavior, and visual hallucinations. Brain scans showed reduced blood flow, mild atrophy, and white matter lesions. Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous mutation at codon 266 (G266S) of PSEN1 and polymorphism of MAPT (Q230R). The brain had many CWPs, severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), senile plaque, Lewy bodies, and neurites. Electron microscopy displayed myelinated fiber degeneration, mitochondrial damage, and amyloid fibrils in the white matter. The production level of Aβ42 in PSEN1 G266S-transfected cells significantly increased. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the PSEN1 G266S mutation may cause a heterogeneous clinical and pathological phenotype, influenced by other genetic or environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomoya Fukuoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Akito Wake
- Matsuyama Memorial Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Naoto KImura
- Matsuyama Memorial Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Touon-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kamada
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Touon-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Miyazaki
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Touon-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Akira Hori
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sato
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Maya Mimuro
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
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Yao X, Ouyang S, Lian Y, Peng Q, Zhou X, Huang F, Hu X, Shi F, Xia J. PheSeq, a Bayesian deep learning model to enhance and interpret the gene-disease association studies. Genome Med 2024; 16:56. [PMID: 38627848 PMCID: PMC11020195 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the abundance of genotype-phenotype association studies, the resulting association outcomes often lack robustness and interpretations. To address these challenges, we introduce PheSeq, a Bayesian deep learning model that enhances and interprets association studies through the integration and perception of phenotype descriptions. By implementing the PheSeq model in three case studies on Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer, and lung cancer, we identify 1024 priority genes for Alzheimer's disease and 818 and 566 genes for breast cancer and lung cancer, respectively. Benefiting from data fusion, these findings represent moderate positive rates, high recall rates, and interpretation in gene-disease association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Yao
- College of Informatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sizhuo Ouyang
- College of Informatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulong Lian
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Peng
- College of Informatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xionghui Zhou
- College of Informatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feier Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuehai Hu
- College of Informatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Shi
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingbo Xia
- College of Informatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Xie J, Rao J, Xie J, Zhao H, Yang Y. Predicting disease-gene associations through self-supervised mutual infomax graph convolution network. Comput Biol Med 2024; 170:108048. [PMID: 38310804 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Illuminating associations between diseases and genes can help reveal the pathogenesis of syndromes and contribute to treatments, but a large number of associations remained unexplored. To identify novel disease-gene associations, many computational methods have been developed using disease and gene-related prior knowledge. However, these methods remain of relatively inferior performance due to the limited external data sources and the inevitable noise among the prior knowledge. In this study, we have developed a new method, Self-Supervised Mutual Infomax Graph Convolution Network (MiGCN), to predict disease-gene associations under the guidance of external disease-disease and gene-gene collaborative graphs. The noises within the collaborative graphs were eliminated by maximizing the mutual information between nodes and neighbors through a graphical mutual infomax layer. In parallel, the node interactions were strengthened by a novel informative message passing layer to improve the learning ability of graph neural network. The extensive experiments showed that our model achieved performance improvement over the state-of-art method by more than 8 % on AUC. The datasets, source codes and trained models of MiGCN are available at https://github.com/biomed-AI/MiGCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancong Xie
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jiahua Rao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Junjie Xie
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Yuedong Yang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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5
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Almeida MR, Tábuas-Pereira M, Baldeiras I, Lima M, Durães J, Massano J, Pinto M, Cruto C, Santana I. Characterization of Progranulin Gene Mutations in Portuguese Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:511. [PMID: 38203682 PMCID: PMC10778719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In Portugal, heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin (GRN) gene account for approximately half of the genetic mediated forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). GRN mutations reported thus far cause FTD through a haploinsufficiency disease mechanism. Herein, we aim to unveil the GRN mutation spectrum, investigated in 257 FTD patients and 19 family members from the central/north region of Portugal using sequencing methods. Seven different pathogenic variants were identified in 46 subjects including 40 patients (16%) and 6 relatives (32%). bvFTD was the most common clinical presentation among the GRN mutation patients, who showed a global pattern of moderate-to-severe frontotemporoparietal deficits in the neuropsychological evaluation. Interestingly, two mutations were novel (p.Thr238Profs*18, p.Leu354Profs*16), and five were previously described, although three of them only in the Portuguese population, suggesting a population-specific GRN mutational spectrum. The subjects harboring a GRN mutation showed a significant reduction in serum PGRN levels, supporting the pathogenic nature of these variants. This work broadens the mutation spectrum of GRN and the identification of the underlying GRN mutations provided an accurate genetic counselling and allowed the enrolment of subjects with GRN mutations (both asymptomatic and symptomatic) in ongoing clinical trials, which is essential to test new drugs for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosário Almeida
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Miguel Tábuas-Pereira
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.T.-P.); (M.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.B.); (I.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marisa Lima
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.T.-P.); (M.L.); (J.D.)
| | - João Durães
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.T.-P.); (M.L.); (J.D.)
| | - João Massano
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Catarina Cruto
- Neurology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Santana
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.B.); (I.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
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6
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Yang Y, Bagyinszky E, An SSA. Patient with PSEN1 Glu318Gly and Other Possible Disease Risk Mutations, Diagnosed with Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15461. [PMID: 37895139 PMCID: PMC10607718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we introduced a French EOAD patient in Korea who carried the presenilin-1 (PSEN1) Glu318Gly mutations with four possible risk variants, including sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1) Glu270Lys, ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 7 (ABCA7) Val1946Met, translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOMM40) Arg239Trp, and granulin (GRN) Ala505Gly. The patient started to present memory decline and behavioral dysfunction in his early 60s. His brain imaging presented amyloid deposits by positron emission tomography (PET-CT). The multimer detection system (MDS) screening test for plasma for amyloid oligomers was also positive, which supported the AD diagnosis. It was verified that PSEN1 Glu318Gly itself may not impact amyloid production. However, additional variants were found in other AD and non-AD risk genes, as follows: SORL1 Glu270Lys was suggested as a risk mutation for AD and could increase amyloid peptide production and impair endosome functions. ABCA7 Val1946Met was a novel variant that was predicted to be damaging. The GRN Ala505Gly was a variant with uncertain significance; however, it may reduce the granulin levels in the plasma of dementia patients. Pathway analysis revealed that PSEN1 Glu318Gly may work as a risk factor along with the SORL1 and ABCA7 variants since pathway analysis revealed that PSEN1 could directly interact with them through amyloid-related and lipid metabolism pathways. TOMM40 and PSEN1 could have common mechanisms through mitochondrial dysfunction. It may be possible that PSEN1 Glu318Gly and GRN Ala505Gly would impact disease by impairing immune-related pathways, including microglia and astrocyte development, or NFkB-related pathways. Taken together, the five risk factors may contribute to disease-related pathways, including amyloid and lipid metabolism, or impair immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungSoon Yang
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, College of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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Chandy T. Intervention of next-generation sequencing in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: challenges and future prospects. Dement Neuropsychol 2023; 17:e20220025. [PMID: 37577182 PMCID: PMC10417152 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis of several neurodegenerative disorders based on clinical phenotype is challenging due to its heterogeneous nature and overlapping disease manifestations. Therefore, the identification of underlying genetic mechanisms is of paramount importance for better diagnosis and therapeutic regimens. With the emergence of next-generation sequencing, it becomes easier to identify all gene variants in the genome simultaneously, with a system-wide and unbiased approach. Presently various bioinformatics databases are maintained on discovered gene variants and phenotypic indications are available online. Since individuals are unique in their genome, evaluation based on their genetic makeup helps evolve the diagnosis, counselling, and treatment process at the personal level. This article aims to briefly summarize the utilization of next-generation sequencing in deciphering the genetic causes of Alzheimer's disease and address the limitations of whole genome and exome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijimol Chandy
- MedGenome Labs Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore-560100, Karnataka, India
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8
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Ciurea AV, Mohan AG, Covache-Busuioc RA, Costin HP, Glavan LA, Corlatescu AD, Saceleanu VM. Unraveling Molecular and Genetic Insights into Neurodegenerative Diseases: Advances in Understanding Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's Diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10809. [PMID: 37445986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are, according to recent studies, one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide. Interest in molecular genetics has started to experience exponential growth thanks to numerous advancements in technology, shifts in the understanding of the disease as a phenomenon, and the change in the perspective regarding gene editing and the advantages of this action. The aim of this paper is to analyze the newest approaches in genetics and molecular sciences regarding four of the most important neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We intend through this review to focus on the newest treatment, diagnosis, and predictions regarding this large group of diseases, in order to obtain a more accurate analysis and to identify the emerging signs that could lead to a better outcome in order to increase both the quality and the life span of the patient. Moreover, this review could provide evidence of future possible novel therapies that target the specific genes and that could be useful to be taken into consideration when the classical approaches fail to shed light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurel George Mohan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bihor County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 410167 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oradea University, 410610 Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Horia-Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luca-Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonio-Daniel Corlatescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vicentiu Mircea Saceleanu
- Neurosurgery Department, Sibiu County Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Neurosurgery Department, "Lucian Blaga" University of Medicine, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
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Mathioudakis L, Dimovasili C, Bourbouli M, Latsoudis H, Kokosali E, Gouna G, Vogiatzi E, Basta M, Kapetanaki S, Panagiotakis S, Kanterakis A, Boumpas D, Lionis C, Plaitakis A, Simos P, Vgontzas A, Kafetzopoulos D, Zaganas I. Study of Alzheimer's disease- and frontotemporal dementia-associated genes in the Cretan Aging Cohort. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 123:111-128. [PMID: 36117051 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Using exome sequencing, we analyzed 196 participants of the Cretan Aging Cohort (CAC; 95 with Alzheimer's disease [AD], 20 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 81 cognitively normal controls). The APOE ε4 allele was more common in AD patients (23.2%) than in controls (7.4%; p < 0.01) and the PSEN2 p.Arg29His and p.Cys391Arg variants were found in 3 AD and 1 MCI patient, respectively. Also, we found the frontotemporal dementia (FTD)-associated TARDBP gene p.Ile383Val variant in 2 elderly patients diagnosed with AD and in 2 patients, non CAC members, with the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/FTD phenotype. Furthermore, the p.Ser498Ala variant in the positively selected GLUD2 gene was less frequent in AD patients (2.11%) than in controls (16%; p < 0.01), suggesting a possible protective effect. While the same trend was found in another local replication cohort (n = 406) and in section of the ADNI cohort (n = 808), this finding did not reach statistical significance and therefore it should be considered preliminary. Our results attest to the value of genetic testing to study aged adults with AD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Mathioudakis
- University of Crete, Medical School, Neurology/Neurogenetics Laboratory, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christina Dimovasili
- University of Crete, Medical School, Neurology/Neurogenetics Laboratory, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mara Bourbouli
- University of Crete, Medical School, Neurology/Neurogenetics Laboratory, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Helen Latsoudis
- Minotech Genomics Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evgenia Kokosali
- University of Crete, Medical School, Neurology/Neurogenetics Laboratory, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Garyfallia Gouna
- University of Crete, Medical School, Neurology/Neurogenetics Laboratory, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouella Vogiatzi
- University of Crete, Medical School, Neurology/Neurogenetics Laboratory, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Basta
- University of Crete, Medical School, Psychiatry Department, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stefania Kapetanaki
- University of Crete, Medical School, Neurology/Neurogenetics Laboratory, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Simeon Panagiotakis
- University of Crete, Medical School, Internal Medicine Department, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kanterakis
- Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (ICS-FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Boumpas
- University of Crete, Medical School, Internal Medicine Department, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christos Lionis
- University of Crete, Medical School, Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Andreas Plaitakis
- University of Crete, Medical School, Neurology/Neurogenetics Laboratory, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Simos
- University of Crete, Medical School, Psychiatry Department, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandros Vgontzas
- University of Crete, Medical School, Psychiatry Department, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kafetzopoulos
- Minotech Genomics Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zaganas
- University of Crete, Medical School, Neurology/Neurogenetics Laboratory, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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10
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Harerimana NV, Goate AM, Bowles KR. The influence of 17q21.31 and APOE genetic ancestry on neurodegenerative disease risk. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1021918. [PMID: 36337698 PMCID: PMC9632173 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1021918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in genomic research over the last two decades have greatly enhanced our knowledge concerning the genetic landscape and pathophysiological processes involved in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. However, current insights arise almost exclusively from studies on individuals of European ancestry. Despite this, studies have revealed that genetic variation differentially impacts risk for, and clinical presentation of neurodegenerative disease in non-European populations, conveying the importance of ancestry in predicting disease risk and understanding the biological mechanisms contributing to neurodegeneration. We review the genetic influence of two important disease-associated loci, 17q21.31 (the "MAPT locus") and APOE, to neurodegenerative disease risk in non-European populations, touching on global population differences and evolutionary genetics by ancestry that may underlie some of these differences. We conclude there is a need to increase representation of non-European ancestry individuals in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and biomarker analyses in order to help resolve existing disparities in understanding risk for, diagnosis of, and treatment for neurodegenerative diseases in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia V. Harerimana
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kathryn R. Bowles
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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11
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Genetics, Functions, and Clinical Impact of Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810970. [PMID: 36142879 PMCID: PMC9504248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) has been verified as an important causative factor for early onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). PSEN1 is a part of γ-secretase, and in addition to amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage, it can also affect other processes, such as Notch signaling, β-cadherin processing, and calcium metabolism. Several motifs and residues have been identified in PSEN1, which may play a significant role in γ-secretase mechanisms, such as the WNF, GxGD, and PALP motifs. More than 300 mutations have been described in PSEN1; however, the clinical phenotypes related to these mutations may be diverse. In addition to classical EOAD, patients with PSEN1 mutations regularly present with atypical phenotypic symptoms, such as spasticity, seizures, and visual impairment. In vivo and in vitro studies were performed to verify the effect of PSEN1 mutations on EOAD. The pathogenic nature of PSEN1 mutations can be categorized according to the ACMG-AMP guidelines; however, some mutations could not be categorized because they were detected only in a single case, and their presence could not be confirmed in family members. Genetic modifiers, therefore, may play a critical role in the age of disease onset and clinical phenotypes of PSEN1 mutations. This review introduces the role of PSEN1 in γ-secretase, the clinical phenotypes related to its mutations, and possible significant residues of the protein.
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12
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Sirkis DW, Bonham LW, Johnson TP, La Joie R, Yokoyama JS. Dissecting the clinical heterogeneity of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2674-2688. [PMID: 35393555 PMCID: PMC9156414 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is a rare but particularly devastating form of AD. Though notable for its high degree of clinical heterogeneity, EOAD is defined by the same neuropathological hallmarks underlying the more common, late-onset form of AD. In this review, we describe the various clinical syndromes associated with EOAD, including the typical amnestic phenotype as well as atypical variants affecting visuospatial, language, executive, behavioral, and motor functions. We go on to highlight advances in fluid biomarker research and describe how molecular, structural, and functional neuroimaging can be used not only to improve EOAD diagnostic acumen but also enhance our understanding of fundamental pathobiological changes occurring years (and even decades) before the onset of symptoms. In addition, we discuss genetic variation underlying EOAD, including pathogenic variants responsible for the well-known mendelian forms of EOAD as well as variants that may increase risk for the much more common forms of EOAD that are either considered to be sporadic or lack a clear autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern. Intriguingly, specific pathogenic variants in PRNP and MAPT-genes which are more commonly associated with other neurodegenerative diseases-may provide unexpectedly important insights into the formation of AD tau pathology. Genetic analysis of the atypical clinical syndromes associated with EOAD will continue to be challenging given their rarity, but integration of fluid biomarker data, multimodal imaging, and various 'omics techniques and their application to the study of large, multicenter cohorts will enable future discoveries of fundamental mechanisms underlying the development of EOAD and its varied clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Sirkis
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Luke W Bonham
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Taylor P Johnson
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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13
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Kreilaus F, Przybyla M, Ittner L, Karl T. Cannabidiol (CBD) treatment improves spatial memory in 14-month-old female TAU58/2 transgenic mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 425:113812. [PMID: 35202719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share the pathological hallmark of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which result from the hyperphosphorylation of microtubule associated protein tau. The P301S mutation in human tau carried by TAU58/2 transgenic mice results in brain pathology and behavioural deficits relevant to FTD and AD. The phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) exhibits properties beneficial for multiple pathological processes evident in dementia. Therefore, 14-month-old female TAU58/2 transgenic and wild type-like (WT) littermates were treated with 100mg/kg CBD or vehicle i.p. starting three weeks prior to conducting behavioural paradigms relevant to FTD and AD. TAU58/2 females exhibited impaired motor function, reduced bodyweight and less anxiety behaviour compared to WT. An impaired spatial reference memory of vehicle-treated transgenic mice were restored by chronic CBD treatment. Chronic CBD also reduced anxiety-like behaviors and decreased contextual fear-associated freezing in all mice. Chronic remedial CBD treatment ameliorated several disease-relevant phenotypes in 14-month-old TAU58/2 transgenic mice, suggesting potential for the treatment of tauopathy-related behavioural impairments including cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kreilaus
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Magdalena Przybyla
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Lars Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW 2560, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), NSW 2031, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
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14
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Pagnon de la Vega M, Näslund C, Brundin R, Lannfelt L, Löwenmark M, Kilander L, Ingelsson M, Giedraitis V. Mutation analysis of disease causing genes in patients with early onset or familial forms of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:99. [PMID: 35120450 PMCID: PMC8817590 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most dementia disorders have a clear genetic background and a number of disease genes have been identified. Mutations in the tau gene (MAPT) lead to frontotemporal dementia (FTD), whereas mutations in the genes for the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) and the presenilins (PSEN1, PSEN2) cause early-onset, dominantly inherited forms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Even if mutations causing Mendelian forms of these diseases are uncommon, elucidation of the pathogenic effects of such mutations have proven important for understanding the pathogenic processes. Here, we performed a screen to identify novel pathogenic mutations in known disease genes among patients undergoing dementia investigation. Results Using targeted exome sequencing we have screened all coding exons in eleven known dementia genes (PSEN1, PSEN2, APP, MAPT, APOE, GRN, TARDBP, CHMP2B, TREM2, VCP and FUS) in 102 patients with AD, FTD, other dementia diagnoses or mild cognitive impairment. We found three AD patients with two previously identified pathogenic mutations in PSEN1 (Pro264Leu and Met146Val). In this screen, we also identified the recently reported APP mutation in two siblings with AD. This mutation, named the Uppsala mutation, consists of a six amino acid intra-amyloid β deletion. In addition, we found several potentially pathogenic mutations in PSEN2, FUS, MAPT, GRN and APOE. Finally, APOE ε4 was prevalent in this patient group with an allele frequency of 54%. Conclusions Among the 102 screened patients, we found two disease causing mutations in PSEN1 and one in APP, as well as several potentially pathogenic mutations in other genes related to neurodegenerative disorders. Apart from giving important information to the clinical investigation, the identification of disease mutations can contribute to an increased understanding of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pagnon de la Vega
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Näslund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - RoseMarie Brundin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Löwenmark
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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15
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Bourbouli M, Paraskevas GP, Rentzos M, Mathioudakis L, Zouvelou V, Bougea A, Tychalas A, Kimiskidis VK, Constantinides V, Zafeiris S, Tzagournissakis M, Papadimas G, Karadima G, Koutsis G, Kroupis C, Kartanou C, Kapaki E, Zaganas I. Genotyping and Plasma/Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiling of a Cohort of Frontotemporal Dementia-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091239. [PMID: 34573259 PMCID: PMC8472580 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are part of the same pathophysiological spectrum and have common genetic and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Our aim here was to identify causative gene variants in a cohort of Greek patients with FTD, ALS and FTD-ALS, to measure levels of CSF biomarkers and to investigate genotype-phenotype/CSF biomarker associations. In this cohort of 130 patients (56 FTD, 58 ALS and 16 FTD-ALS), we performed C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion analysis, whole exome sequencing and measurement of “classical” (Aβ42, total tau and phospho-tau) and novel (TDP-43) CSF biomarkers and plasma progranulin. Through these analyses, we identified 14 patients with C9orf72 repeat expansion and 11 patients with causative variants in other genes (three in TARDBP, three in GRN, three in VCP, one in FUS, one in SOD1). In ALS patients, we found that levels of phospho-tau were lower in C9orf72 repeat expansion and MAPT c.855C>T (p.Asp285Asp) carriers compared to non-carriers. Additionally, carriers of rare C9orf72 and APP variants had lower levels of total tau and Aβ42, respectively. Plasma progranulin levels were decreased in patients carrying GRN pathogenic variants. This study expands the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of FTD/ALS and offers insights in possible genotypic/CSF biomarker associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Bourbouli
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Neurology Department, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (M.B.); (L.M.); (S.Z.); (M.T.)
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (M.R.); (V.Z.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (G.P.); (G.K.); (G.K.); (C.K.); (E.K.)
| | - George P. Paraskevas
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (M.R.); (V.Z.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (G.P.); (G.K.); (G.K.); (C.K.); (E.K.)
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Mihail Rentzos
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (M.R.); (V.Z.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (G.P.); (G.K.); (G.K.); (C.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Lambros Mathioudakis
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Neurology Department, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (M.B.); (L.M.); (S.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Vasiliki Zouvelou
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (M.R.); (V.Z.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (G.P.); (G.K.); (G.K.); (C.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (M.R.); (V.Z.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (G.P.); (G.K.); (G.K.); (C.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Athanasios Tychalas
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vasilios K. Kimiskidis
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vasilios Constantinides
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (M.R.); (V.Z.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (G.P.); (G.K.); (G.K.); (C.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Spiros Zafeiris
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Neurology Department, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (M.B.); (L.M.); (S.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Minas Tzagournissakis
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Neurology Department, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (M.B.); (L.M.); (S.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Georgios Papadimas
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (M.R.); (V.Z.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (G.P.); (G.K.); (G.K.); (C.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Georgia Karadima
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (M.R.); (V.Z.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (G.P.); (G.K.); (G.K.); (C.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Georgios Koutsis
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (M.R.); (V.Z.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (G.P.); (G.K.); (G.K.); (C.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Christos Kroupis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Chrisoula Kartanou
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (M.R.); (V.Z.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (G.P.); (G.K.); (G.K.); (C.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Elisabeth Kapaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (M.R.); (V.Z.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (G.P.); (G.K.); (G.K.); (C.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Ioannis Zaganas
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Neurology Department, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (M.B.); (L.M.); (S.Z.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-394643
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16
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Pytel V, Hernández-Lorenzo L, Torre-Fuentes L, Sanz R, González N, Cabrera-Martín MN, Delgado-Álvarez A, Gómez-Pinedo U, Matías-Guiu J, Matias-Guiu JA. Whole-Exome Sequencing and C9orf72 Analysis in Primary Progressive Aphasia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:985-990. [PMID: 33612544 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is mainly considered a sporadic disease and few studies have systematically analyzed its genetic basis. We here report the analyses of C9orf72 genotyping and whole-exome sequencing data in a consecutive and well-characterized cohort of 50 patients with PPA. We identified three pathogenic GRN variants, one of them unreported, and two cases with C9orf72 expansions. In addition, one likely pathogenic variant was found in the SQSTM1 gene. Overall, we found 12%of patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. These results support the genetic role in the pathophysiology of a proportion of patients with PPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Pytel
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos. Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Hernández-Lorenzo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos. Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Torre-Fuentes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos. Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Sanz
- Center of Genetic Studies ATG Medical, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Nieves Cabrera-Martín
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Delgado-Álvarez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos. Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos. Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi A Matias-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Llibre-Guerra JJ, Behrens MI, Hosogi ML, Montero L, Torralva T, Custodio N, Longoria-Ibarrola EM, Giraldo-Chica M, Aguillón D, Hardi A, Maestre GE, Contreras V, Doldan C, Duque-Peñailillo L, Hesse H, Roman N, Santana-Trinidad DA, Schenk C, Ocampo-Barba N, López-Contreras R, Nitrini R. Frontotemporal Dementias in Latin America: History, Epidemiology, Genetics, and Clinical Research. Front Neurol 2021; 12:710332. [PMID: 34552552 PMCID: PMC8450529 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.710332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The historical development, frequency, and impact of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are less clear in Latin America than in high-income countries. Although there is a growing number of dementia studies in Latin America, little is known collectively about FTD prevalence studies by country, clinical heterogeneity, risk factors, and genetics in Latin American countries. Methods: A systematic review was completed, aimed at identifying the frequency, clinical heterogeneity, and genetics studies of FTD in Latin American populations. The search strategies used a combination of standardized terms for FTD and related disorders. In addition, at least one author per Latin American country summarized the available literature. Collaborative or regional studies were reviewed during consensus meetings. Results: The first FTD reports published in Latin America were mostly case reports. The last two decades marked a substantial increase in the number of FTD research in Latin American countries. Brazil (165), Argentina (84), Colombia (26), and Chile (23) are the countries with the larger numbers of FTD published studies. Most of the research has focused on clinical and neuropsychological features (n = 247), including the local adaptation of neuropsychological and behavioral assessment batteries. However, there are little to no large studies on prevalence (n = 4), biomarkers (n = 9), or neuropathology (n = 3) of FTD. Conclusions: Future FTD studies will be required in Latin America, albeit with a greater emphasis on clinical diagnosis, genetics, biomarkers, and neuropathological studies. Regional and country-level efforts should seek better estimations of the prevalence, incidence, and economic impact of FTD syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J. Llibre-Guerra
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Maria Isabel Behrens
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Neurología, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mirna Lie Hosogi
- Departmento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Montero
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology (LNPS), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa Torralva
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology (LNPS), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nilton Custodio
- Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Margarita Giraldo-Chica
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David Aguillón
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Angela Hardi
- Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Gladys E. Maestre
- Departament of Neurosciences and Alzheimer's Disease Resource Center for Minority Aging Research, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Valeria Contreras
- Departamento de Neuropsicología, Hospital de Clínicas Dr Manuel Quintela, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Celeste Doldan
- Departamento de Neuropsicología Cognitiva, Clínica Especializada en Neurociencias Física y Cognitiva CEFYC, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | - Heike Hesse
- Observatorio COVID-19, Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Norbel Roman
- Hospital Social Security of Costa Rica, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | | | - Christian Schenk
- Sección de Neurología, Dept. de Medicina. Recinto de Ciencias Médicas- Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Ninoska Ocampo-Barba
- Instituto Boliviano de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Ricardo López-Contreras
- Clínica de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Departmento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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High-content image-based analysis and proteomic profiling identifies Tau phosphorylation inhibitors in a human iPSC-derived glutamatergic neuronal model of tauopathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17029. [PMID: 34426604 PMCID: PMC8382845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD). MAPT mutations are associated with abnormal tau phosphorylation levels and accumulation of misfolded tau protein that can propagate between neurons ultimately leading to cell death (tauopathy). Recently, a p.A152T tau variant was identified as a risk factor for FTD, Alzheimer's disease, and synucleinopathies. Here we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from a patient carrying this p.A152T variant to create a robust, functional cellular assay system for probing pathophysiological tau accumulation and phosphorylation. Using stably transduced iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells engineered to enable inducible expression of the pro-neural transcription factor Neurogenin 2 (Ngn2), we generated disease-relevant, cortical-like glutamatergic neurons in a scalable, high-throughput screening compatible format. Utilizing automated confocal microscopy, and an advanced image-processing pipeline optimized for analysis of morphologically complex human neuronal cultures, we report quantitative, subcellular localization-specific effects of multiple kinase inhibitors on tau, including ones under clinical investigation not previously reported to affect tau phosphorylation. These results demonstrate the potential for using patient iPSC-derived ex vivo models of tauopathy as genetically accurate, disease-relevant systems to probe tau biochemistry and support the discovery of novel therapeutics for tauopathies.
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19
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Jiao B, Liu H, Guo L, Xiao X, Liao X, Zhou Y, Weng L, Zhou L, Wang X, Jiang Y, Yang Q, Zhu Y, Zhou L, Zhang W, Wang J, Yan X, Li J, Tang B, Shen L. The role of genetics in neurodegenerative dementia: a large cohort study in South China. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:69. [PMID: 34389718 PMCID: PMC8363644 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative dementias are a group of diseases with highly heterogeneous pathology and complicated etiology. There exist potential genetic component overlaps between different neurodegenerative dementias. Here, 1795 patients with neurodegenerative dementias from South China were enrolled, including 1592 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 110 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and 93 with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Genes targeted sequencing analysis were performed. According to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines, 39 pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants were identified in 47 unrelated patients in 14 different genes, including PSEN1, PSEN2, APP, MAPT, GRN, CHCHD10, TBK1, VCP, HTRA1, OPTN, SQSTM1, SIGMAR1, and abnormal repeat expansions in C9orf72 and HTT. Overall, 33.3% (13/39) of the variants were novel, the identified P/LP variants were seen in 2.2% (35/1592) and 10.9% (12/110) of AD and FTD cases, respectively. The overall molecular diagnostic rate was 2.6%. Among them, PSEN1 was the most frequently mutated gene (46.8%, 22/47), followed by PSEN2 and APP. Additionally, the age at onset of patients with P/LP variants (51.4 years), ranging from 30 to 83 years, was ~10 years earlier than those without P/LP variants (p < 0.05). This study sheds insight into the genetic spectrum and clinical manifestations of neurodegenerative dementias in South China, further expands the existing repertoire of P/LP variants involved in known dementia-associated genes. It provides a new perspective for basic research on genetic pathogenesis and novel guiding for clinical practice of neurodegenerative dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Liu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lina Guo
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewen Xiao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxin Liao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yafang Zhou
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Weng
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaling Jiang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qijie Yang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junling Wang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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20
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Crist AM, Hinkle KM, Wang X, Moloney CM, Matchett BJ, Labuzan SA, Frankenhauser I, Azu NO, Liesinger AM, Lesser ER, Serie DJ, Quicksall ZS, Patel TA, Carnwath TP, DeTure M, Tang X, Petersen RC, Duara R, Graff-Radford NR, Allen M, Carrasquillo MM, Li H, Ross OA, Ertekin-Taner N, Dickson DW, Asmann YW, Carter RE, Murray ME. Transcriptomic analysis to identify genes associated with selective hippocampal vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2311. [PMID: 33875655 PMCID: PMC8055900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective vulnerability of different brain regions is seen in many neurodegenerative disorders. The hippocampus and cortex are selectively vulnerable in Alzheimer's disease (AD), however the degree of involvement of the different brain regions differs among patients. We classified corticolimbic patterns of neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem tissue to capture extreme and representative phenotypes. We combined bulk RNA sequencing with digital pathology to examine hippocampal vulnerability in AD. We identified hippocampal gene expression changes associated with hippocampal vulnerability and used machine learning to identify genes that were associated with AD neuropathology, including SERPINA5, RYBP, SLC38A2, FEM1B, and PYDC1. Further histologic and biochemical analyses suggested SERPINA5 expression is associated with tau expression in the brain. Our study highlights the importance of embracing heterogeneity of the human brain in disease to identify disease-relevant gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Crist
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kelly M Hinkle
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Isabelle Frankenhauser
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Paracelsus Medical Private University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nkem O Azu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth R Lesser
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Daniel J Serie
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Tulsi A Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Troy P Carnwath
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michael DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rickey E Carter
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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21
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Qin W, Zhou A, Zuo X, Jia L, Li F, Wang Q, Li Y, Wei Y, Jin H, Cruchaga C, Benitez BA, Jia J. Exome sequencing revealed PDE11A as a novel candidate gene for early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:811-822. [PMID: 33835157 PMCID: PMC8161517 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify novel risk genes and better understand the molecular pathway underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), whole-exome sequencing was performed in 215 early-onset AD (EOAD) patients and 255 unrelated healthy controls of Han Chinese ethnicity. Subsequent validation, computational annotation and in vitro functional studies were performed to evaluate the role of candidate variants in EOAD. We identified two rare missense variants in the phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A) gene in individuals with EOAD. Both variants are located in evolutionarily highly conserved amino acids, are predicted to alter the protein conformation and are classified as pathogenic. Furthermore, we found significantly decreased protein levels of PDE11A in brain samples of AD patients. Expression of PDE11A variants and knockdown experiments with specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for PDE11A both resulted in an increase of AD-associated Tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple epitopes in vitro. PDE11A variants or PDE11A shRNA also caused increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, protein kinase A (PKA) activation and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation. In addition, pretreatment with a PKA inhibitor (H89) suppressed PDE11A variant-induced Tau phosphorylation formation. This study offers insight into the involvement of Tau phosphorylation via the cAMP/PKA pathway in EOAD pathogenesis and provides a potential new target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Aihong Zhou
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiumei Zuo
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Longfei Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fangyu Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ying Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hongmei Jin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10053, China
- Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10053, China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10053, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, P.R. China. Tel: 0086 10 83199449; Fax: 0086 10 83128678; ,
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22
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Kreilaus F, Masanetz R, Watt G, Przybyla M, Ittner A, Ittner L, Karl T. The behavioural phenotype of 14-month-old female TAU58/2 transgenic mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 397:112943. [PMID: 33017638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit intracellular inclusions [neurofibrillary tangles (NFT's)] of microtubule-associated protein tau that contributes to neuronal dysfunction and death. Mutations in the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene leads to tau hyperphosphorylation and promotes NFT formation. The TAU58/2 transgenic mouse model expresses mutant human tau (P301S mutation) and exhibits behavioural abnormalities relevant to dementia in early adulthood. Here we comprehensively determined the behavioural phenotype of TAU58/2 transgenic female mice at 14 months of age using test paradigms relevant to FTD and AD. TAU58/2 females showed a significant motor deficit and lower bodyweight compared to WT littermates. Transgenic females failed to habituate to the test arena in the light-dark test. Interestingly, transgenics did not exhibit an anxiolytic-like phenotype and intermediate-term spatial learning in the cheeseboard test was intact. However, a significant learning deficit was detected in the 1st trial across test days indicating impaired long-term spatial memory. In addition, the preference for a previously rewarded location was absent in transgenic females during probe trial testing. Finally, TAU58/2 mice had a defective acoustic startle response and impaired sensorimotor gating. In conclusion TAU58/2 mice exhibit several behavioural deficits that resemble those observed in human FTD and AD. Additionally, we observed a novel startle response deficit in these mice. At 14 months of age, TAU58/2 females represent a later disease stage and are therefore a potentially useful model to test efficacy of therapeutics to reverse or ameliorate behavioural deficits in post-onset tauopapthy-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kreilaus
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Rebecca Masanetz
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW 2560, Australia; Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Hochschule Furtwangen University, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Georgia Watt
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Magdalena Przybyla
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Lars Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW 2560, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), NSW 2031, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
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23
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Masnata M, Salem S, de Rus Jacquet A, Anwer M, Cicchetti F. Targeting Tau to Treat Clinical Features of Huntington's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:580732. [PMID: 33329322 PMCID: PMC7710872 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.580732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe motor, cognitive and psychiatric impairments. While motor deficits often confirm diagnosis, cognitive dysfunctions usually manifest early in the disease process and are consistently ranked among the leading factors that impact the patients' quality of life. The genetic component of HD, a mutation in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, is traditionally presented as the main contributor to disease pathology. However, accumulating evidence suggests the implication of the microtubule-associated tau protein to the pathogenesis and therefore, proposes an alternative conceptual framework where tau and mutant huntingtin (mHTT) act conjointly to drive neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. This perspective on disease etiology offers new avenues to design therapeutic interventions and could leverage decades of research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies to rapidly advance drug discovery. In this mini review, we examine the breadth of tau-targeting treatments currently tested in the preclinical and clinical settings for AD and other tauopathies, and discuss the potential application of these strategies to HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Masnata
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Shireen Salem
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Aurelie de Rus Jacquet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mehwish Anwer
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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24
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Deng Y, Zhang J, Sun X, Ma G, Luo G, Miao Z, Song L. miR-132 improves the cognitive function of rats with Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting the MAPK1 signal pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:159. [PMID: 33093897 PMCID: PMC7571341 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common worldwide progressive neurodegenerative disease. The dysregulation of miRNA is crucial in neurodegenerative diseases and neuron apoptosis during AD and is closely associated with the MAPK pathway. By bioinformatic website, we found that there was target inhibiting relationship between microRNA (miR)-132 and MAPK1. Therefore, the current study speculated that miR-132 could improve the cognitive function of rats with AD by inhibiting MAPK1 expression. To verify our hypothesis, 10 normal rats and 60 rats with AD were selected and divided into model, Ad-miR-132 negative control (NC), Ad-miR-132, Ad-small interfering (si)MAPK1 NC, Ad-siMAPK1 and Ad-miR-132 + Ad-MAPK1 groups. Rats were evaluated for learning by performing morris water maze tests and pathological changes of the hippocampus were assessed via HE staining. Additionally, hippocampus cell apoptosis was determined using a TUNEL assay and levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were evaluated in sera via ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression of miR-132, iNOS, MAPK1 and phosphorylated (p)-MAPK1 was determined in hippocampus tissues via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Compared with normal mice, rats with AD had significantly decreased learning abilities, increased cell apoptosis rates, increased levels of AChE, iNOS, ROS, MDA, MAPK1 and p-MAPK1 and decreased levels of SOD, GSH-Px and miR-132. Upregulation of miR-132 group improved the above indictors and silencing MAKP1 worsened the condition of rats. miR-132 upregulation therefore reversed the negative effects caused by MAPK1 silencing in rats with AD. In conclusion, miR-132 inhibited hippocampal iNOS expression and oxidative stress by inhibiting MAPK1expression to improve the cognitive function of rats with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Deng
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Gaoting Ma
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Zhongrong Miao
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Ligang Song
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
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25
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Coppola C, Saracino D, Oliva M, Cipriano L, Puoti G, Pappatà S, Di Fede G, Catania M, Ricci M, Cimini S, Giaccone G, Bonavita S, Rossi G. Singular cases of Alzheimer's disease disclose new and old genetic "acquaintances". Neurol Sci 2020; 42:2021-2029. [PMID: 33006056 PMCID: PMC8043869 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related dementia. Besides its typical presentation with amnestic syndrome at onset, atypical AD cases are being increasingly recognized, often in presenile age. Objectives To provide an extensive clinical and genetic characterization of six AD patients carrying one or more singular features, including age of onset, atypical phenotype and disease progression rate. By reviewing the pertinent literature and accessing publicly available databases, we aimed to assess the frequency and the significance of the identified genetic variants. Methods Biomarkers of amyloid-β deposition and neurodegeneration were used to establish the in vivo diagnosis of probable AD, in addition to neurological and neuropsychological evaluation, extensive laboratory assays and neuroradiological data. Considering the presenile onset of the majority of the cases, we hypothesized genetically determined AD and performed extensive genetic analyses by both Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing (NGS). Results We disclosed two known missense variants, one in PSEN1 and the other in PSEN2, and a novel silent variant in PSEN2. Most notably, we identified several additional variants in other dementia-related genes by NGS. Some of them have never been reported in any control or disease databases, representing variants unique to our cases. Conclusions This work underlines the difficulties in reaching a confident in vivo diagnosis in cases of atypical dementia. Moreover, a wider genetic analysis by NGS approach may prove to be useful in specific cases, especially when the study of the so-far known AD causative genes produces negative or conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Coppola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. .,Second Division of Neurology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Isola 8 - Edificio 10 Policlinico "Federico II" via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Dario Saracino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Oliva
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cipriano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Puoti
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sabina Pappatà
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Division of Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Catania
- Division of Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Ricci
- Division of Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cimini
- Division of Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Division of Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bonavita
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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26
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Qiu Q, Shen L, Jia L, Wang Q, Li F, Li Y, Jia J. A Novel PSEN1 M139L Mutation Found in a Chinese Pedigree with Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Increases Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:199-212. [PMID: 30958370 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presenilin1 (PSEN1) is the most common gene related to familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). Only several mutation types from Chinese have been reported, with less biological function research conducted. OBJECTIVES We explore the pathological function of PSEN1 M139L, a mutation located at α-helix of PSEN1 transmembrane 2, using predictive programs and in vitro study and compare its effects on Aβ production to those of an artificial PSEN1 S141G located at non α-helix mutation face. METHODS APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes were screened for mutations using Sanger sequencing in the DNA samples of the proband and additional available family members. Disease-mutation cosegregation analysis and three software programs were performed to predict the mutation's pathogenicity. In vitro, we investigated the impact of these mutations on Aβ production in HEK293-APPswe cells using lentiviral vectors harboring PSEN1 WT, PSEN1 M139L, the positive control (PSEN1 M139V) and the non α-helical mutation (PSEN1 S141G). In addition, we co-transfected PSEN1 and tau into cells to determine the mutations' impact on tau phosphorylation. RESULTS PSEN1 M139L mutation was discovered in the index patient and four affected siblings. Cosegregation analysis and silicon prediction suggested the mutation was probably disease causing. In vitro studies demonstrated that both PSEN1 M139L and PSEN1 S141G caused elevated ratios of Aβ42/Aβ40, but changes of tau phosphorylation were not detected. CONCLUSION The novel PSEN1 M139L mutation found in familial AD increases the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio significantly. Mutations at non α-helical mutation face of PSEN1 TM2 can affect Aβ production and the region may play a key role in PSEN1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Qiu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. Beijing, China
| | - Luxi Shen
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, P.R. Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, P.R. Beijing, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, P.R. Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, P.R. Beijing, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangyu Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, P.R. Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, P.R. Beijing, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, P.R. Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, P.R. Beijing, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, P.R. Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, P.R. Beijing, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
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27
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Xiang J, Wang X, Gao Y, Li T, Cao R, Yan T, Ma Y, Niu Y, Xue J, Wang B. Phosphodiesterase 4D Gene Modifies the Functional Network of Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Genet 2020; 11:890. [PMID: 32849849 PMCID: PMC7423997 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is affected by several genetic variants. It has been demonstrated that genetic variants affect brain organization and function. In this study, using whole genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we analyzed the functional magnetic resonance imaging and genetic data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset (ADNI) dataset and identified genetic variants associated with the topology of the functional brain network http://www.adni-info.org. We found three novel loci (rs2409627, rs9647533, and rs11955845) in an intron of the phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene that contribute to abnormalities in the topological organization of the functional network. In particular, compared to the wild-type genotype, the subjects carrying the PDE4D variants had altered network properties, including a significantly reduced clustering coefficient, small-worldness, global and local efficiency, a significantly enhanced path length and a normalized path length. In addition, we found that all global brain network attributes were affected by PDE4D variants to different extents as the disease progressed. Additionally, brain regions with alterations in nodal efficiency due to the variations in PDE4D were predominant in the limbic lobe, temporal lobe and frontal lobes. PDE4D has a great effect on memory consolidation and cognition through long-term potentiation (LTP) effects and/or the promotion of inflammatory effects. PDE4D variants might be a main reasons underlyling for the abnormal topological properties and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we speculated that PDE4D is a risk factor for neural degenerative diseases and provided important clues for the earlier detection and therapeutic intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Cao
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunxiao Ma
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Niu
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiayue Xue
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
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28
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Arseniou S, Siokas V, Aloizou AM, Stamati P, Mentis AFA, Tsouris Z, Dastamani M, Peristeri E, Valotassiou V, Bogdanos DP, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E. SLC2A3 rs12842 polymorphism and risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Neurol Res 2020; 42:853-861. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1786973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Arseniou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Stamati
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
- Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Zisis Tsouris
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Metaxia Dastamani
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Peristeri
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Varvara Valotassiou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Mezourlo Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
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29
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Silva MC, Haggarty SJ. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived models and drug screening in CNS precision medicine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1471:18-56. [PMID: 30875083 PMCID: PMC8193821 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of effective therapeutics for neurological disorders has historically been challenging partly because of lack of accurate model systems in which to investigate disease etiology and test new therapeutics at the preclinical stage. Human stem cells, particularly patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) upon differentiation, have the ability to recapitulate aspects of disease pathophysiology and are increasingly recognized as robust scalable systems for drug discovery. We review advances in deriving cellular models of human central nervous system (CNS) disorders using iPSCs along with strategies for investigating disease-relevant phenotypes, translatable biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Given their potential to identify novel therapeutic targets and leads, we focus on phenotype-based, small-molecule screens employing human stem cell-derived models. Integrated efforts to assemble patient iPSC-derived cell models with deeply annotated clinicopathological data, along with molecular and drug-response signatures, may aid in the stratification of patients, diagnostics, and clinical trial success, shifting translational science and precision medicine approaches. A number of remaining challenges, including the optimization of cost-effective, large-scale culture of iPSC-derived cell types, incorporation of aging into neuronal models, as well as robustness and automation of phenotypic assays to support quantitative drug efficacy, toxicity, and metabolism testing workflows, are covered. Continued advancement of the field is expected to help fully humanize the process of CNS drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Catarina Silva
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
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30
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Fischer I, Baas PW. Resurrecting the Mysteries of Big Tau. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:493-504. [PMID: 32434664 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tau, a microtubule-associated protein that modifies the dynamic properties and organization of microtubules in neurons and affects axonal transport, shows remarkable heterogeneity, with multiple isoforms (45-65 kDa) generated by alternative splicing. A high-molecular-weight (HMW) isoform (110 kDa) that contains an additional large exon termed 4a was discovered more than 25 years ago. This isoform, called Big tau, is expressed mainly in the adult peripheral nervous system (PNS), but also in adult neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) that extend processes into the periphery. Surprisingly little has been learned about Big tau since its initial characterization, leaving a significant gap in knowledge about how the dramatic switch to Big tau affects the properties of neurons in the context of development, disease, or injury. Here we review what was learned about the structure and distribution of Big tau in those earlier studies, and add contemporary insights to resurrect interest in the mysteries of Big tau and thereby set a path for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Fischer
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
| | - Peter W Baas
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
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31
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Screening of dementia genes by whole-exome sequencing in Spanish patients with early-onset dementia: likely pathogenic, uncertain significance and risk variants. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 93:e1-e9. [PMID: 32317127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have a high proportion of genetically determined cases. Next-generation sequencing technologies have triggered the discovery of new mutations and genetic variants in dementia-causal genes. We performed whole-exome sequencing and selective analysis of known genes causative of EOAD and FTD in a well-characterized Spanish cohort of 103 patients (60 EOAD, 43 FTD) to find genetic variants associated to patients' phenotype. In EOAD patients, a new likely pathogenic variant in PSEN1 gene (p.G378R) was found. In FTD patients, 2 likely pathogenic variants were found, one in MAPT gene (p.P397S) and one in VCP gene (p.R159H). In our series, 2% of early-onset dementia without criteria for clinical genetic testing according to current guidelines presented a likely pathogenic mutation. We have also detected 13 additional variants of uncertain significance in causal genes, as well as rare variants in risk genes for dementia (ABCA7, SORL1, SQSTM1, and TREM2). Next-generation technologies in neurodegenerative diseases constitute a powerful tool that significantly contributes to patients' diagnosis.
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32
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Li HY, Tsai MS, Huang CG, Wang RYL, Chuang LP, Chen NH, Liu CH, Hsu CM, Cheng WN, Lee LA. Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Gene Expression in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091361. [PMID: 31480626 PMCID: PMC6780075 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and inflammation may be involved in the early pathogenesis of AD in patients with OSA. However, the potential pathways between OSA and AD have yet to be established. In this study, we aimed to investigate differential expressions of AD-associated genes in OSA patients without evident AD or dementia. Methods: This prospective case-control study included five patients with severe OSA and five age and sex-matched patients with non-severe OSA without evident dementia who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015. The expressions of genes associated with AD were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing. Unsupervised two-dimensional hierarchical clustering was performed on these genes. Pearson’s correlation was used as the distance metric to simultaneously cluster subjects and genes. Results: The expressions of CCL2, IL6, CXCL8, HLA-A, and IL1RN in the patients with severe OSA were significantly different from those in the patients with non-severe OSA and contributed to changes in the immune response, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathways. Conclusions: Inflammation may contribute to the onset of AD and physicians need to be aware of the potential occurrence of AD in patients with severe OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Yu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chiayi, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Robert Y L Wang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Li-Pang Chuang
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Hung Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Nuan Cheng
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ang Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Van Giau V, Pyun JM, Suh J, Bagyinszky E, An SSA, Kim SY. A pathogenic PSEN1 Trp165Cys mutation associated with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:188. [PMID: 31391004 PMCID: PMC6685246 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) is one of the causative genes for early onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD). Recently, emerging studies reported several novel PSEN1 mutations among Asian. We describe a male with EOAD had a pathogenic PSEN1 mutation. Case presentation A 53-year-old male presented with memory decline, followed by difficulty in finding ways. Patient had positive family history, since his mother and one of his brother was also affected with dementia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed mild degree of atrophy of bilateral hippocampus and parietal lobe. 18F-Florbetaben-PET (FBB-PET) revealed increased amyloid deposition in bilateral frontal, parietal, temporal lobe and precuneus. Whole exome analysis revealed a heterozygous, probably pathogenic PSEN1 (c.695G > T, p.W165C) mutation. Interestingly, Trp165Cys mutation is located in trans membrane (TM)-III region, which is conserved between PSEN1/PSEN2. In vitro studies revealed that PSEN1 Trp165Cys could result in disturbances in amyloid metabolism. This prediction was confirmed by structure predictions and previous in vitro studies that the p.Trp165Cys could result in decreased Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios. Conclusion We report a case of EOAD having a pathogenic PSEN1 (Trp165Cys) confirmed with in silico and in vitro predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology & Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, South Korea
| | - Jung-Min Pyun
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumidong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Jeewon Suh
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumidong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Bionano Technology & Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology & Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, South Korea.
| | - Sang Yun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumidong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea.
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34
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Nikolac Perkovic M, Pivac N. Genetic Markers of Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1192:27-52. [PMID: 31705489 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a complex and heterogeneous, severe neurodegenerative disorder and the predominant form of dementia, characterized by cognitive disturbances, behavioral and psychotic symptoms, progressive cognitive decline, disorientation, behavioral changes, and death. Genetic background of Alzheimer's disease differs between early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease, other cases of early-onset Alzheimer's disease, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Rare cases of early-onset familial Alzheimer's diseases are caused by high-penetrant mutations in genes coding for amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1, and presenilin 2. Late-onset Alzheimer's disease is multifactorial and associated with many different genetic risk loci (>20), with the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele being a major genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Genetic and genomic studies offer insight into many additional genetic risk loci involved in the genetically complex nature of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. This review highlights the contributions of individual loci to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and suggests that their exact contribution is still not clear. Therefore, the use of genetic markers of Alzheimer's disease, for monitoring development, time course, treatment response, and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease, is still far away from the clinical application, because the contribution of genetic variations to the relative risk of developing Alzheimer's disease is limited. In the light of prediction and prevention of Alzheimer's disease, a novel approach could be found in the form of additive genetic risk scores, which combine additive effects of numerous susceptibility loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
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A new approach based on targeted pooled DNA sequencing identifies novel mutations in patients with Inherited Retinal Dystrophies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15457. [PMID: 30337596 PMCID: PMC6194132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRD) are a heterogeneous group of diseases that mainly affect the retina; more than 250 genes have been linked to the disease and more than 20 different clinical phenotypes have been described. This heterogeneity both at the clinical and genetic levels complicates the identification of causative mutations. Therefore, a detailed genetic characterization is important for genetic counselling and decisions regarding treatment. In this study, we developed a method consisting on pooled targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) that we applied to 316 eye disease related genes, followed by High Resolution Melting and copy number variation analysis. DNA from 115 unrelated test samples was pooled and samples with known mutations were used as positive controls to assess the sensitivity of our approach. Causal mutations for IRDs were found in 36 patients achieving a detection rate of 31.3%. Overall, 49 likely causative mutations were identified in characterized patients, 14 of which were first described in this study (28.6%). Our study shows that this new approach is a cost-effective tool for detection of causative mutations in patients with inherited retinopathies.
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Bartoníková T, Menšíková K, Kolaříková K, Vodička R, Vrtěl R, Otruba P, Kaiserová M, Vaštík M, Mikulicová L, Ovečka J, Šáchová L, Dvorský F, Krša J, Jugas P, Godava M, Bareš M, Janout V, Hluštík P, Procházka M, Kaňovský P. New endemic familial parkinsonism in south Moravia, Czech Republic and its genetical background. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12313. [PMID: 30235682 PMCID: PMC6160209 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased prevalence of familial neurodegenerative parkinsonism or cognitive deterioration was recently found in a small region of southeastern Moravia.The aim of the study was to assess the genetic background of this familial disease.Variants in the ADH1C, EIF4G1, FBXO7, GBA + GBAP1, GIGYF2, HTRA2, LRRK2, MAPT, PRKN, DJ-1, PINK1, PLA2G6, SNCA, UCHL1, VPS35 genes were examined in 12 clinically positive probands of the pedigree in which familial atypical neurodegenerative parkinsonism was identified in previous epidemiological studies. Libraries were sequenced by massive parallel sequencing (MPS) on the Personal Genome Machine (PGM; Ion Torrent). Data were analyzed using Torrent Suite and IonReporter software. All variants were then verified and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.We identified 31 rare heterozygous variants: 11 missense variants, 3 synonymous variants, 8 variants in the UTR region, and 9 intronic variants. Six variants (rs1801334, rs33995883, rs35507033, rs781737269, rs779760087, and rs63750072) were evaluated as pathogenic by at least one in-silico predictor.No single "founder" pathogenic variant associated with parkinsonism has been found in any of the probands from researched pedigree. It may rather be assumed that the familial occurrence of this disease is caused by the combined influence of several "small-effect" genetic variants that accumulate in the population with long-lasting inbreeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristýna Kolaříková
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, University Hospital, Olomouc
| | - Radek Vodička
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, University Hospital, Olomouc
| | - Radek Vrtěl
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, University Hospital, Olomouc
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiří Krša
- General Practitioner, Blatnice pod Svatým Antonínkem
| | - Petr Jugas
- Neurology Outpatient Clinic, Veselí nad Moravou
| | - Marek Godava
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, University Hospital, Olomouc
| | - Martin Bareš
- First Department of Neurology, Masaryk University Medical School, St. Anne University Hospital, Brno
| | - Vladimír Janout
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Procházka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, University Hospital, Olomouc
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Lamp M, Origone P, Geroldi A, Verdiani S, Gotta F, Caponnetto C, Devigili G, Verriello L, Scialò C, Cabona C, Canosa A, Vanni I, Bellone E, Eleopra R, Mandich P. Twenty years of molecular analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: genetic landscape of Italian patients. Neurobiol Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Shulskaya MV, Alieva AK, Vlasov IN, Zyrin VV, Fedotova EY, Abramycheva NY, Usenko TS, Yakimovsky AF, Emelyanov AK, Pchelina SN, Illarioshkin SN, Slominsky PA, Shadrina MI. Whole-Exome Sequencing in Searching for New Variants Associated With the Development of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:136. [PMID: 29867446 PMCID: PMC5963122 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex disease with its monogenic forms accounting for less than 10% of all cases. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) technology has been used successfully to find mutations in large families. However, because of the late onset of the disease, only small families and unrelated patients are usually available. WES conducted in such cases yields in a large number of candidate variants. There are currently a number of imperfect software tools that allow the pathogenicity of variants to be evaluated. Objectives: We analyzed 48 unrelated patients with an alleged autosomal dominant familial form of PD using WES and developed a strategy for selecting potential pathogenetically significant variants using almost all available bioinformatics resources for the analysis of exonic areas. Methods: DNA sequencing of 48 patients with excluded frequent mutations was performed using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. The possible pathogenetic significance of identified variants and their involvement in the pathogenesis of PD was assessed using SNP and Variation Suite (SVS), Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) and Rare Exome Variant Ensemble Learner (REVEL) software. Functional evaluation was performed using the Pathway Studio database. Results: A significant reduction in the search range from 7082 to 25 variants in 23 genes associated with PD or neuronal function was achieved. Eight (FXN, MFN2, MYOC, NPC1, PSEN1, RET, SCN3A and SPG7) were the most significant. Conclusions: The multistep approach developed made it possible to conduct an effective search for potential pathogenetically significant variants, presumably involved in the pathogenesis of PD. The data obtained need to be further verified experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Shulskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anelya Kh Alieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan N Vlasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Zyrin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Fedotova
- Federal State Scientific Institution, Scientific Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu Abramycheva
- Federal State Scientific Institution, Scientific Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Usenko
- The Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of the National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Gatchina, Russia.,Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrei F Yakimovsky
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton K Emelyanov
- The Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of the National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Gatchina, Russia.,Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sofya N Pchelina
- The Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of the National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Gatchina, Russia.,Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei N Illarioshkin
- Federal State Scientific Institution, Scientific Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr A Slominsky
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria I Shadrina
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
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Kim BY, Lim HS, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Koo I, Jeong SJ. Evaluation of Animal Models by Comparison with Human Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9234-9250. [PMID: 29656362 PMCID: PMC6208860 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite many efforts to alleviate the pathological conditions of Alzheimer's disease (AD), effective therapeutic drugs have not been developed, mainly because of the lack of molecular information about AD and animal models. We observed the reciprocal regulation of AD-associated genes (AD genes) and their related functions. Upregulated AD genes were positioned in central regions in the protein-protein interaction network and were involved in inflammation and DNA repair pathways. Downregulated AD genes positioned in the periphery of the network were associated with metabolic pathways. Using these features of AD genes, we found that 5×FAD, amyloid β-injected mice, and rats in the initial phases after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) exhibited patterns that were most similar to those of AD. In contrast, using differentially expressed genes from animal models, we observed that 3×Tg and animals in late phases of BCCAO were positioned close to AD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Yeo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Sun Lim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonju Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medicine of Life Science, University of Science & Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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40
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Ibanez L, Dube U, Davis AA, Fernandez MV, Budde J, Cooper B, Diez-Fairen M, Ortega-Cubero S, Pastor P, Perlmutter JS, Cruchaga C, Benitez BA. Pleiotropic Effects of Variants in Dementia Genes in Parkinson Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:230. [PMID: 29692703 PMCID: PMC5902712 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) increases dramatically with advancing age, approaching 80% in patients who survive 20 years with the disease. Increasing evidence suggests clinical, pathological and genetic overlap between Alzheimer disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia with PD. However, the contribution of the dementia-causing genes to PD risk, cognitive impairment and dementia in PD is not fully established. Objective: To assess the contribution of coding variants in Mendelian dementia-causing genes on the risk of developing PD and the effect on cognitive performance of PD patients. Methods: We analyzed the coding regions of the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), Presenilin 1 and 2 (PSEN1, PSEN2), and Granulin (GRN) genes from 1,374 PD cases and 973 controls using pooled-DNA targeted sequence, human exome-chip and whole-exome sequencing (WES) data by single variant and gene base (SKAT-O and burden tests) analyses. Global cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The effect of coding variants in dementia-causing genes on cognitive performance was tested by multiple regression analysis adjusting for gender, disease duration, age at dementia assessment, study site and APOE carrier status. Results: Known AD pathogenic mutations in the PSEN1 (p.A79V) and PSEN2 (p.V148I) genes were found in 0.3% of all PD patients. There was a significant burden of rare, likely damaging variants in the GRN and PSEN1 genes in PD patients when compared with frequencies in the European population from the ExAC database. Multiple regression analysis revealed that PD patients carrying rare variants in the APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and GRN genes exhibit lower cognitive tests scores than non-carrier PD patients (p = 2.0 × 10-4), independent of age at PD diagnosis, age at evaluation, APOE status or recruitment site. Conclusions: Pathogenic mutations in the Alzheimer disease-causing genes (PSEN1 and PSEN2) are found in sporadic PD patients. PD patients with cognitive decline carry rare variants in dementia-causing genes. Variants in genes causing Mendelian neurodegenerative diseases exhibit pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Umber Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Albert A. Davis
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Maria V. Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Breanna Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel S. Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Departments of Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bruno A. Benitez
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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41
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Sánchez MP, García-Cabrero AM, Sánchez-Elexpuru G, Burgos DF, Serratosa JM. Tau-Induced Pathology in Epilepsy and Dementia: Notions from Patients and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041092. [PMID: 29621183 PMCID: PMC5979593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with dementia present epilepsy more frequently than the general population. Seizures are more common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (LBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) than in other dementias. Missense mutations in the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene have been found to cause familial FTD and PSP, while the P301S mutation in MAPT has been associated with early-onset fast progressive dementia and the presence of seizures. Brains of patients with AD, LBD, FTD and PSP show hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, amyloid-β plaques and neuropil threads. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of overlapping mechanisms related to the generation of network hyperexcitability and cognitive decline. Neuronal overexpression of tau with various mutations found in FTD with parkinsonism-linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) in mice produces epileptic activity. On the other hand, the use of certain antiepileptic drugs in animal models with AD prevents cognitive impairment. Further efforts should be made to search for plausible common targets for both conditions. Moreover, attempts should also be made to evaluate the use of drugs targeting tau and amyloid-β as suitable pharmacological interventions in epileptic disorders. The diagnosis of dementia and epilepsy in early stages of those diseases may be helpful for the initiation of treatments that could prevent the generation of epileptic activity and cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana M García-Cabrero
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Protein Tools Unit, Biotechnology National Center (CNB/CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gentzane Sánchez-Elexpuru
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel F Burgos
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Serratosa
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main form of dementia in the elderly, is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by rapidly progressive cognitive dysfunction and behavior impairment. AD exhibits a considerable heritability and great advances have been made in approaches to searching the genetic etiology of AD. In AD genetic studies, methods have developed from classic linkage-based and candidate-gene-based association studies to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and next generation sequencing (NGS). The identification of new susceptibility genes has provided deeper insights to understand the mechanisms underlying AD. In addition to searching novel genes associated with AD in large samples, the NGS technologies can also be used to shed light on the 'black matter' discovery even in smaller samples. The shift in AD genetics between traditional studies and individual sequencing will allow biomaterials of each patient as the central unit of genetic studies. This review will cover genetic findings in AD and consequences of AD genetic findings. Firstly, we will discuss the discovery of mutations in APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, APOE, and ADAM10. Then we will summarize and evaluate the information obtained from GWAS of AD. Finally, we will outline the efforts to identify rare variants associated with AD using NGS.
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Blue EE, Bis JC, Dorschner MO, Tsuang D, Barral SM, Beecham G, Below JE, Bush WS, Butkiewicz M, Cruchaga C, DeStefano A, Farrer LA, Goate A, Haines J, Jaworski J, Jun G, Kunkle B, Kuzma A, Lee JJ, Lunetta K, Ma Y, Martin E, Naj A, Nato AQ, Navas P, Nguyen H, Reitz C, Reyes D, Salerno W, Schellenberg GD, Seshadri S, Sohi H, Thornton TA, Valladares O, van Duijn C, Vardarajan BN, Wang LS, Boerwinkle E, Dupuis J, Pericak-Vance MA, Mayeux R, Wijsman EM. Genetic Variation in Genes Underlying Diverse Dementias May Explain a Small Proportion of Cases in the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 45:1-17. [PMID: 29486463 PMCID: PMC5971141 DOI: 10.1159/000485503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) aims to identify novel genes influencing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Variants within genes known to cause dementias other than AD have previously been associated with AD risk. We describe evidence of co-segregation and associations between variants in dementia genes and clinically diagnosed AD within the ADSP. METHODS We summarize the properties of known pathogenic variants within dementia genes, describe the co-segregation of variants annotated as "pathogenic" in ClinVar and new candidates observed in ADSP families, and test for associations between rare variants in dementia genes in the ADSP case-control study. The participants were clinically evaluated for AD, and they represent European, Caribbean Hispanic, and isolate Dutch populations. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Pathogenic variants in dementia genes were predominantly rare and conserved coding changes. Pathogenic variants within ARSA, CSF1R, and GRN were observed, and candidate variants in GRN and CHMP2B were nominated in ADSP families. An independent case-control study provided evidence of an association between variants in TREM2, APOE, ARSA, CSF1R, PSEN1, and MAPT and risk of AD. Variants in genes which cause dementing disorders may influence the clinical diagnosis of AD in a small proportion of cases within the ADSP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Debby Tsuang
- University of Washington
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Baylor College of Medicine
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
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Ferrari R, Manzoni C, Momeni P. Genetic Risk Factors for Sporadic Frontotemporal Dementia. NEURODEGENER DIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72938-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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45
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Tang M, Reitz C. Genetics of Alzheimer's disease: an update. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is clear that late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia in western societies, has a significant genetic component. The recent technological advances in high-throughput genome technologies have enabled the identification of more than 20 novel susceptibility loci. These findings have significantly advanced the understanding of the molecular mechanisms potentially underlying AD etiology, and have therefore provided valuable information for the development of targets for genetic testing, prevention and treatment. This article reviews these recent findings in AD genomics and discusses their implications for understanding the molecular underpinnings of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- The Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, NY 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, NY 10032, USA
- The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
- The Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
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Raskin L, Guo Y, Du L, Clendenning M, Rosty C, Lindor NM, Gruber SB, Buchanan DD. Targeted sequencing of established and candidate colorectal cancer genes in the Colon Cancer Family Registry Cohort. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93450-93463. [PMID: 29212164 PMCID: PMC5706810 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying genetic cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) can be identified for 5-10% of all cases, while at least 20% of CRC cases are thought to be due to inherited genetic factors. Screening for highly penetrant mutations in genes associated with Mendelian cancer syndromes using next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be prohibitively expensive for studies requiring large samples sizes. The aim of the study was to identify rare single nucleotide variants and small indels in 40 established or candidate CRC susceptibility genes in 1,046 familial CRC cases (including both MSS and MSI-H tumor subtypes) and 1,006 unrelated controls from the Colon Cancer Family Registry Cohort using a robust and cost-effective DNA pooling NGS strategy. We identified 264 variants in 38 genes that were observed only in cases, comprising either very rare (minor allele frequency <0.001) or not previously reported (n=90, 34%) in reference databases, including six stop-gain, three frameshift, and 255 non-synonymous variants predicted to be damaging. We found novel germline mutations in established CRC genes MLH1, APC, and POLE, and likely pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes BAP1, CDH1, CHEK2, ENG, and MSH3. For the candidate CRC genes, we identified likely pathogenic variants in the helicase domain of POLQ and in the LRIG1, SH2B3, and NOS1 genes and present their clinicopathological characteristics. Using a DNA pooling NGS strategy, we identified novel germline mutations in established CRC susceptibility genes in familial CRC cases. Further studies are required to support the role of POLQ, LRIG1, SH2B3 and NOS1 as CRC susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Raskin
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Liping Du
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark Clendenning
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christophe Rosty
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colon Cancer Family Registry (CCFR)
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Genetic Medicine and Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noralane M. Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Stephen B. Gruber
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel D. Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Genetic Medicine and Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Gordon D, Londono D, Patel P, Kim W, Finch SJ, Heiman GA. An Analytic Solution to the Computation of Power and Sample Size for Genetic Association Studies under a Pleiotropic Mode of Inheritance. Hum Hered 2017; 81:194-209. [PMID: 28315880 DOI: 10.1159/000457135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Our motivation here is to calculate the power of 3 statistical tests used when there are genetic traits that operate under a pleiotropic mode of inheritance and when qualitative phenotypes are defined by use of thresholds for the multiple quantitative phenotypes. Specifically, we formulate a multivariate function that provides the probability that an individual has a vector of specific quantitative trait values conditional on having a risk locus genotype, and we apply thresholds to define qualitative phenotypes (affected, unaffected) and compute penetrances and conditional genotype frequencies based on the multivariate function. We extend the analytic power and minimum-sample-size-necessary (MSSN) formulas for 2 categorical data-based tests (genotype, linear trend test [LTT]) of genetic association to the pleiotropic model. We further compare the MSSN of the genotype test and the LTT with that of a multivariate ANOVA (Pillai). We approximate the MSSN for statistics by linear models using a factorial design and ANOVA. With ANOVA decomposition, we determine which factors most significantly change the power/MSSN for all statistics. Finally, we determine which test statistics have the smallest MSSN. In this work, MSSN calculations are for 2 traits (bivariate distributions) only (for illustrative purposes). We note that the calculations may be extended to address any number of traits. Our key findings are that the genotype test usually has lower MSSN requirements than the LTT. More inclusive thresholds (top/bottom 25% vs. top/bottom 10%) have higher sample size requirements. The Pillai test has a much larger MSSN than both the genotype test and the LTT, as a result of sample selection. With these formulas, researchers can specify how many subjects they must collect to localize genes for pleiotropic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Gordon
- Department of Genetics, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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48
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Tosto G, Reitz C. Genomics of Alzheimer's disease: Value of high-throughput genomic technologies to dissect its etiology. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:397-403. [PMID: 27618776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder in western countries, is clinically defined by progressive worsening in cognitive functions along with function and behavioral impairment. This ultimately results in complete incapacity and death. AD is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disease, and this is reflected by the numerous genetic findings that point to several diverse molecular mechanisms and pathways. Linkage, genome-wide association and next-generation sequencing studies have led to the identification of more than 20 novel susceptibility loci for AD. While these observations have significantly increased the knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets, a large part of the genetic component underlying AD is still unexplained. This review will summarize and discuss the major genetic findings and their potential impact on AD diagnosis and prediction of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tosto
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Dept. of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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49
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Arendt T, Stieler JT, Holzer M. Tau and tauopathies. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:238-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Cerebrospinal fluid soluble TREM2 is higher in Alzheimer disease and associated with mutation status. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:925-33. [PMID: 26754641 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Low frequency coding variants in TREM2 are associated with increased Alzheimer disease (AD) risk, while loss of functions mutations in the gene lead to an autosomal recessive early-onset dementia, named Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD). TREM2 can be detected as a soluble protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, and its CSF levels are elevated in inflammatory CNS diseases. We measured soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) in the CSF of a large AD case-control dataset (n = 180) and 40 TREM2 risk variant carriers to determine whether CSF sTREM2 levels are associated with AD status or mutation status. We also performed genetic studies to identify genetic variants associated with CSF sTREM2 levels. CSF, but not plasma, sTREM2 was highly correlated with CSF total tau and phosphorylated-tau levels (r = 0.35, P < 1×10(-4); r = 0.40, P < 1×10(-4), respectively), but not with CSF Aβ42. AD cases presented higher CSF sTREM2 levels than controls (P = 0.01). Carriers of NHD-associated TREM2 variants presented significantly lower CSF sTREM2 levels, supporting the hypothesis that these mutations lead to reduced protein production/function (R136Q, D87N, Q33X or T66M; P = 1×10(-3)). In contrast, CSF sTREM2 levels were significantly higher in R47H carriers compared to non-carriers (P = 6×10(-3)), suggesting that this variant does not impact protein expression and increases AD risk through a different pathogenic mechanism than NHD variants. In GWAS analyses for CSF sTREM2 levels the most significant signal was located on the MS4A gene locus (P = 5.45 × 10(-07)) corresponding to one of the SNPs reported to be associated with AD risk in this locus. Furthermore, SNPs involved in pathways related to virus cellular entry and vesicular trafficking were overrepresented, suggesting that CSF sTREM2 levels could be an informative phenotype for AD.
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