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Varma S, Molangiri A, Mudavath S, Ananthan R, Rajanna A, Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Exposure to BPA and BPS during pregnancy disrupts the bone mineralization in the offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114772. [PMID: 38821392 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to plastic-derived estrogen-mimicking endocrine-disrupting bisphenols can have a long-lasting effect on bone health. However, gestational exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogue, bisphenol S (BPS), on offspring's bone mineralization is unclear. The effects of in-utero bisphenol exposure were examined on the offspring's bone parameters. BPA and BPS (0.0, 0.4 μg/kg bw) were administered to pregnant Wistar rats via oral gavage from gestational day 4-21. Maternal exposure to BPA and BPS increased bone mineral content and density in the offspring aged 30 and 90 days (P < 0.05). Plasma analysis revealed that alkaline phosphatase, and Gla-type osteocalcin were significantly elevated in the BPS-exposed offspring (P < 0.05). The expression of BMP1, BMP4, and their signaling mediators SMAD1 mRNAs were decreased in BPS-exposed osteoblast SaOS-2 cells (P < 0.05). The expression of extracellular matrix proteins such as ALPL, COL1A1, DMP1, and FN1 were downregulated (P < 0.05). Bisphenol co-incubation with noggin decreased TGF-β1 expression, indicating its involvement in bone mineralization. Altered mineralization could be due to dysregulated expression of bone morphogenetic proteins and signalling mediators in the osteoblast cells. Thus, bisphenol exposure during gestation altered growth and bone mineralization in the offspring, possibly by modulating the expression of Smad-dependent BMP/TGF-β1 signalling mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikanth Varma
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Archana Molangiri
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sreedhar Mudavath
- Food Chemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajendran Ananthan
- Food Chemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ajumeera Rajanna
- Cell Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India.
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2
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Pervin B, Gizer M, Şeker ME, Erol ÖD, Gür SN, Polat EG, Değirmenci B, Korkusuz P, Aerts‐Kaya F. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells support regeneration of intestinal damage in a colitis mouse model, independent of their CXCR4 expression. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13821. [PMID: 38742709 PMCID: PMC11092303 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by a chronically dysregulated immune response in the gastrointestinal tract. Bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells have an important immunomodulatory function and support regeneration of inflamed tissue by secretion of soluble factors as well as through direct local differentiation. CXCR4 is the receptor for CXCL12 (SDF-1, stromal-derived factor-1) and has been shown to be the main chemokine receptor, required for homing of MSCs. Increased expression of CXCL12 by inflamed intestinal tissue causes constitutive inflammation by attracting lymphocytes but can also be used to direct MSCs to sites of injury/inflammation. Trypsin is typically used to dissociate MSCs into single-cell suspensions but has also been shown to digest surface CXCR4. Here, we assessed the regenerative effects of CXCR4high and CXCR4low MSCs in an immune-deficient mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. We found that transplantation of MSCs resulted in clinical improvement and histological recovery of intestinal epithelium. In contrary to our expectations, the levels of CXCR4 on transplanted MSCs did not affect their regenerative supporting potential, indicating that paracrine effects of MSCs may be largely responsible for their regenerative/protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Pervin
- Department of Stem Cell SciencesHacettepe University Graduate School of Health SciencesAnkaraTurkey
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PediSTEM)AnkaraTurkey
| | - Merve Gizer
- Department of Stem Cell SciencesHacettepe University Graduate School of Health SciencesAnkaraTurkey
- Micro‐Electro‐Mechanic Systems (MEMS) CenterMiddle East Technical UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Şeker
- Department of Stem Cell SciencesHacettepe University Graduate School of Health SciencesAnkaraTurkey
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PediSTEM)AnkaraTurkey
| | - Özgür Doğuş Erol
- Department of Stem Cell SciencesHacettepe University Graduate School of Health SciencesAnkaraTurkey
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PediSTEM)AnkaraTurkey
| | - Sema Nur Gür
- Department of Stem Cell SciencesHacettepe University Graduate School of Health SciencesAnkaraTurkey
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PediSTEM)AnkaraTurkey
| | - Ece Gizem Polat
- Department of Stem Cell SciencesHacettepe University Graduate School of Health SciencesAnkaraTurkey
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PediSTEM)AnkaraTurkey
| | - Bahar Değirmenci
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsBilkent UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Micro‐Electro‐Mechanic Systems (MEMS) CenterMiddle East Technical UniversityAnkaraTurkey
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyHacettepe University Faculty of MedicineAnkaraTurkey
| | - Fatima Aerts‐Kaya
- Department of Stem Cell SciencesHacettepe University Graduate School of Health SciencesAnkaraTurkey
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PediSTEM)AnkaraTurkey
- Hacettepe University Experimental Animals Application and Research Center (HÜDHAM)AnkaraTurkey
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3
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Akerman AW, Alexander KC, Caranasos TG, Ikonomidis JS. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their secreted extracellular vesicles in thoracic aortic aneurysm disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 167:89-93.e1. [PMID: 37084818 PMCID: PMC10882625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Akerman
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kyle C Alexander
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Thomas G Caranasos
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - John S Ikonomidis
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
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4
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Zeng Y, Ng JPL, Wang L, Xu X, Law BYK, Chen G, Lo HH, Yang L, Yang J, Zhang L, Qu L, Yun X, Zhong J, Chen R, Zhang D, Wang Y, Luo W, Qiu C, Huang B, Liu W, Liu L, Wong VKW. Mutant p53 R211* ameliorates inflammatory arthritis in AIA rats via inhibition of TBK1-IRF3 innate immune response. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2199-2219. [PMID: 37935918 PMCID: PMC10656327 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammation disease characterized by imbalance of immune homeostasis. p53 mutants are commonly described as the guardian of cancer cells by conferring them drug-resistance and immune evasion. Importantly, p53 mutations have also been identified in RA patients, and this prompts the investigation of its role in RA pathogenesis. METHODS The cytotoxicity of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) against p53 wild-type (WT)/mutant-transfected RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs) was evaluated by MTT assay. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) was employed to establish p53 WT/R211* adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. The arthritic condition of rats was assessed by various parameters such as micro-CT analysis. Knee joint samples were isolated for total RNA sequencing analysis. The expressions of cytokines and immune-related genes were examined by qPCR, ELISA assay and immunofluorescence. The mechanistic pathway was determined by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Among p53 mutants, p53R213* exhibited remarkable DMARD-resistance in RAFLSs. However, AAV-induced p53R211* overexpression ameliorated inflammatory arthritis in AIA rats without Methotrexate (MTX)-resistance, and our results discovered the immunomodulatory effect of p53R211* via suppression of T-cell activation and T helper 17 cell (Th17) infiltration in rat joint, and finally downregulated expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Total RNA sequencing analysis identified the correlation of p53R211* with immune-related pathways. Further mechanistic studies revealed that p53R213*/R211* instead of wild-type p53 interacted with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and suppressed the innate immune TBK1-Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cascade. CONCLUSIONS This study unravels the role of p53R213* mutant in RA pathogenesis, and identifies TBK1 as a potential anti-inflammatory target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zeng
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Jerome P L Ng
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Linna Wang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Xiongfei Xu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Guobing Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hang Hong Lo
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Jiujie Yang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Liqun Qu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yun
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Ruihong Chen
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Dingqi Zhang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Weidan Luo
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Congling Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Baixiong Huang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
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Moghaddam MZ, Mousavi MJ, Ghotloo S. Cell-based therapies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1091. [PMID: 38018576 PMCID: PMC10664399 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis that is the most prevalent rheumatic autoimmune disorder, affect autologous connective tissues caused by the breakdown of the self-tolerance mechanisms of the immune system. During the last two decades, cell-based therapy, including stem cells and none-stem cells has been increasingly considered as a therapeutic option in various diseases. This is partly due to the unique properties of stem cells that divide and differentiate from the specialized cells in the damaged tissue. Moreover, stem cells and none-stem cells, impose immunomodulatory properties affecting the diseases caused by immunological abnormalities such as rheumatic autoimmune disorders. In the present review, the efficacy of cell-based therapy with four main types of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and human amniotic membrane cells, as well as none-stem cells, including regulatory T cells, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and tolerogenic dendritic cells will be evaluated. Moreover, other related issues, including safety, changes in immunological parameters, suitable choice of stem cell and none-stem cell origin, conditioning regimen, limitations, and complications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Department of HematologyFaculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical SciencesBushehrIran
| | - Somayeh Ghotloo
- Autoimmune Diseases Research CenterKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
- Department of Clinical Laboratory SciencesKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
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6
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Bok EY, Kim SB, Thakur G, Choe YH, Oh SJ, Hwang SC, Ock SA, Rho GJ, Lee SI, Lee WJ, Lee SL. Insensitive Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines on the Reference Genes of Synovial Fluid Resident-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15159. [PMID: 37894839 PMCID: PMC10607131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from rheumatoid arthritis patients (RA-MSCs) provide an understanding of a variety of cellular and immunological responses within the inflammatory milieu. Sustained exposure of MSCs to inflammatory cytokines is likely to exert an influence on genetic variations, including reference genes (RGs). The sensitive effect of cytokines on the reference genes of RA-SF-MSCs may be a variation factor affecting patient-derived MSCs as well as the accuracy and reliability of data. Here, we comparatively evaluated the stability levels of nine RG candidates, namely GAPDH, ACTB, B2M, EEF1A1, TBP, RPLP0, PPIA, YWHAZ, and HPRT1, to find the most stable ones. Alteration of the RG expression was evaluated in MSCs derived from the SF of healthy donors (H-SF-MSCs) and in RA-SF-MSCs using the geNorm and NormFinder software programs. The results showed that TBP, PPIA, and YWHAZ were the most stable RGs for the normalization of H-SF-MSCs and RA-SF-MSCs using RT-qPCR, whereas ACTB, the most commonly used RG, was less stable and performed poorly. Additionally, the sensitivity of RG expression upon exposure to proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) was evaluated. RG stability was sensitive in the H-SF-MSCs exposed to TNF-α and IL-1β but insensitive in the RA-SF-MSCs. Furthermore, the normalization of IDO expression using ACTB falsely diminished the magnitude of biological significance, which was further confirmed with a functional analysis and an IDO activity assay. In conclusion, the results suggest that TBP, PPIA, and YWHAZ can be used in SF-MSCs, regardless of their exposure to inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Yeong Bok
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Saet-Byul Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Gitika Thakur
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Yong-Ho Choe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Seong-Ju Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University, School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun-A. Ock
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Isero-myeon, Wanju-gun 565851, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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7
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Mesenchymal stem cells and connective tissue diseases: From bench to bedside. J Transl Int Med 2022. [PMID: 37533846 PMCID: PMC10393058 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases (CTDs), represented by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), includes various immune cells involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are unique due to their regulatory effect on immunity. This makes them a promising therapeutic approach for patients with immune-mediated disorders such as CTD. The safety and clinical efficacy of MSC treatment in CTD have been tested in a growing number of preclinical and clinical studies. Administration of MSCs has consistently shown benefits with both symptomatic and histologic improvement in CTD animal models. MSC therapies in severe and drug-resistant CTD patients have shown promise in a number of the pilot studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials in SLE, RA, and SSc, but some problems still need to be resolved in the transition from the bench to the bedside. The relevant studies in pSS and IIM are still in their infancy, but have displayed encouraging outcomes. Considerable efficacy variations have been observed in terms of the route of delivery, time of MSC injection, origin of the MSCs and dosage. Furthermore, the optimization of conventional drugs combined with MSC therapies and the applications of novel cell engineering approaches requires additional research. In this review, we summarize the current evidence about the immunoregulatory mechanism of MSCs, as well as the preclinical and clinical studies of MSC-based therapy for the treatment of CTDs.
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8
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Alvites RD, Branquinho MV, Sousa AC, Lopes B, Sousa P, Prada J, Pires I, Ronchi G, Raimondo S, Luís AL, Geuna S, Varejão ASP, Maurício AC. Effects of Olfactory Mucosa Stem/Stromal Cell and Olfactory Ensheating Cells Secretome on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060818. [PMID: 35740943 PMCID: PMC9220795 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell secretome has been explored as a cell-free technique with high scientific and medical interest for Regenerative Medicine. In this work, the secretome produced and collected from Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Olfactory Ensheating Cells was analyzed and therapeutically applied to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The analysis of the conditioned medium revealed the production and secretion of several factors with immunomodulatory functions, capable of intervening beneficially in the phases of nerve regeneration. Subsequently, the conditioned medium was applied to sciatic nerves of rats after neurotmesis, using Reaxon® as tube-guides. Over 20 weeks, the animals were subjected to periodic functional assessments, and after this period, the sciatic nerves and cranial tibial muscles were evaluated stereologically and histomorphometrically, respectively. The results obtained allowed to confirm the beneficial effects resulting from the application of this therapeutic combination. The administration of conditioned medium from Olfactory Mucosal Mesenchymal Stem Cells led to the best results in motor performance, sensory recovery, and gait patterns. Stereological and histomorphometric evaluation also revealed the ability of this therapeutic combination to promote nervous and muscular histologic reorganization during the regenerative process. The therapeutic combination discussed in this work shows promising results and should be further explored to clarify irregularities found in the outcomes and to allow establishing the use of cell secretome as a new therapeutic field applied in the treatment of peripheral nerves after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui D. Alvites
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
| | - Mariana V. Branquinho
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
| | - Ana C. Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
| | - Bruna Lopes
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
| | - Patrícia Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
| | - Justina Prada
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
- Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
- Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (G.R.); (S.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (G.R.); (S.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Ana L. Luís
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (G.R.); (S.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Artur Severo P. Varejão
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
- Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-91-9071286 or +351-22-0428000
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9
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Lee HJ, Lee WJ, Hwang SC, Choe Y, Kim S, Bok E, Lee S, Kim SJ, Kim HO, Ock SA, Noh HS, Rho GJ, Lee SI, Lee SL. Chronic inflammation-induced senescence impairs immunomodulatory properties of synovial fluid mesenchymal stem cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:502. [PMID: 34521481 PMCID: PMC8439066 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been highlighted as a new therapy for autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the disease-specific characteristics of MSCs derived from elderly RA patients are not well understood. Methods We established MSCs derived from synovial fluid (SF) from age-matched early (average duration of the disease: 1.7 years) and long-standing (average duration of the disease: 13.8 years) RA patients (E-/L-SF-MSCs) and then analyzed the MSC characteristics such as stemness, proliferation, cellular senescence, in vitro differentiation, and in vivo immunomodulatory properties. Results The presence of MSC populations in the SF from RA patients was identified. We found that L-SF-MSCs exhibited impaired proliferation, intensified cellular senescence, reduced immunomodulatory properties, and attenuated anti-arthritic capacity in an RA animal model. In particular, E-SF-MSCs demonstrated cellular senescence progression and attenuated immunomodulatory properties similar to those of L-SF-MSC in an RA joint-mimetic milieu due to hypoxia and pro-inflammatory cytokine exposure. Due to a long-term exposure to the chronic inflammatory milieu, cellular senescence, attenuated immunomodulatory properties, and the loss of anti-arthritic potentials were more often identified in SF-MSCs in a long-term RA than early RA. Conclusion We conclude that a chronic RA inflammatory milieu affects the MSC potential. Therefore, this work addresses the importance of understanding MSC characteristics during disease states prior to their application in patients. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02453-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Choe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Saetbyul Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyeong Bok
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyeob Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Joon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Ock
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Isero-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Sook Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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10
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El-Gendy H, Hawass SED, Awad M, Mohsen MA, Amin M, Abdalla HA, Fouad S, Lotfy A. Comparative study between human mesenchymal stem cells and etanercept as immunomodulatory agents in rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Res 2021; 68:255-268. [PMID: 32734446 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To compare human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) and etanercept as immunomodulatory agents for collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA was induced by rats' immunization with collagen type II (CII) in complete Freund's adjuvant in days 0 and 7. Before the onset of CIA, prevention group received five doses of AT-MSCS intraperitoneally. After establishment of arthritis, rats received either five doses of AT-MSCs or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) intraperitoneally or six doses of etanercept subcutaneously. Clinical and histopathological evaluation were performed in all groups; serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and anti-collagen II were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total percent of autoreactive T and regulatory T (Treg) cells were quantified using spleen immune histochemical analysis. AT-MSCs were able to delay the onset of CIA, suppress the ongoing clinical and histopathological signs, decrease serum levels of TNF-α and anti-collagen type II, and downregulate the autoreactive T cells as etanercept. AT-MSCs were more potent in Treg cells upregulation, producing high serum levels of IL10. AT-MSCs might have a therapeutic effect in CIA via their potency in immune cell education, representing an effective new promising approach in rheumatoid arthritis in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba El-Gendy
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Salah El-Deen Hawass
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manal Awad
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona Ahmad Mohsen
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maha Amin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Samah Fouad
- Medical Experimental Research Centre , Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Lotfy
- eBiotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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11
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El-Jawhari JJ, El-Sherbiny Y, McGonagle D, Jones E. Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; From a Leading Role in Pathogenesis to Potential Therapeutic Saviors? Front Immunol 2021; 12:643170. [PMID: 33732263 PMCID: PMC7959804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the autoimmune rheumatological diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is complex with the involvement of several immune cell populations spanning both innate and adaptive immunity including different T-lymphocyte subsets and monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. Despite therapeutic advances in RA and SLE, some patients have persistent and stubbornly refractory disease. Herein, we discuss stromal cells' dual role, including multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) also used to be known as mesenchymal stem cells as potential protagonists in RA and SLE pathology and as potential therapeutic vehicles. Joint MSCs from different niches may exhibit prominent pro-inflammatory effects in experimental RA models directly contributing to cartilage damage. These stromal cells may also be key regulators of the immune system in SLE. Despite these pro-inflammatory roles, MSCs may be immunomodulatory and have potential therapeutic value to modulate immune responses favorably in these autoimmune conditions. In this review, the complex role and interactions between MSCs and the haematopoietically derived immune cells in RA and SLE are discussed. The harnessing of MSC immunomodulatory effects by contact-dependent and independent mechanisms, including MSC secretome and extracellular vesicles, is discussed in relation to RA and SLE considering the stromal immune microenvironment in the diseased joints. Data from translational studies employing MSC infusion therapy against inflammation in other settings are contextualized relative to the rheumatological setting. Although safety and proof of concept studies exist in RA and SLE supporting experimental and laboratory data, robust phase 3 clinical trial data in therapy-resistant RA and SLE is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yasser El-Sherbiny
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
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12
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Hervás-Salcedo R, Fernández-García M, Hernando-Rodríguez M, Quintana-Bustamante O, Segovia JC, Alvarez-Silva M, García-Arranz M, Minguez P, Del Pozo V, de Alba MR, García-Olmo D, Ayuso C, Lamana ML, Bueren JA, Yañez RM. Enhanced anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cells mediated by the transient ectopic expression of CXCR4 and IL10. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:124. [PMID: 33579367 PMCID: PMC7881581 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) constitute one of the cell types most frequently used in cell therapy. Although several studies have shown the efficacy of these cells to modulate inflammation in different animal models, the results obtained in human clinical trials have been more modest. Here, we aimed at improving the therapeutic properties of MSCs by inducing a transient expression of two molecules that could enhance two different properties of these cells. With the purpose of improving MSC migration towards inflamed sites, we induced a transient expression of the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). Additionally, to augment the anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs, a transient expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL10), was also induced. Methods Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs were transfected with messenger RNAs carrying the codon-optimized versions of CXCR4 and/or IL10. mRNA-transfected MSCs were then studied, first to evaluate whether the characteristic phenotype of MSCs was modified. Additionally, in vitro and also in vivo studies in an LPS-induced inflamed pad model were conducted to evaluate the impact associated to the transient expression of CXCR4 and/or IL10 in MSCs. Results Transfection of MSCs with CXCR4 and/or IL10 mRNAs induced a transient expression of these molecules without modifying the characteristic phenotype of MSCs. In vitro studies then revealed that the ectopic expression of CXCR4 significantly enhanced the migration of MSCs towards SDF-1, while an increased immunosuppression was associated with the ectopic expression of IL10. Finally, in vivo experiments showed that the co-expression of CXCR4 and IL10 increased the homing of MSCs into inflamed pads and induced an enhanced anti-inflammatory effect, compared to wild-type MSCs. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the transient co-expression of CXCR4 and IL10 enhances the therapeutic potential of MSCs in a local inflammation mouse model, suggesting that these mRNA-modified cells may constitute a new step in the development of more efficient cell therapies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02193-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Hervás-Salcedo
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-García
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Hernando-Rodríguez
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Quintana-Bustamante
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose-Carlos Segovia
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcio Alvarez-Silva
- Stem Cell and Bioengineering Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Minguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Del Pozo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Damián García-Olmo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Lamana
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bueren
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa María Yañez
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Xie F, Teng L, Xu J, Lu J, Zhang C, Yang L, Ma X, Zhao M. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit cell proliferation and migration and suppress extracellular matrix synthesis in hypertrophic-scar and keloid fibroblasts. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:139. [PMID: 33456506 PMCID: PMC7791925 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological scars occur during skin wound healing, and the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is one of the various treatments. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of ADSCs on the biological properties of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) and keloid fibroblasts (KFs), such as proliferation, migration, and the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. Transwell chambers were used to establish a co-culture system of ADSCs with normal skin fibroblasts (NFs), HSFs or KFs. The effect of ADSCs on the proliferation of fibroblasts was evaluated by CCK8 measurement, while the migration ability of fibroblasts was assessed using cell scratch assay. The expression of extracellular matrix proteins was measured by immunoblotting. Co-culture of NFs with ADSCs did not affect cell proliferation and migration, nor the expression of extracellular matrix proteins [collagen-I, collagen-III, fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)] in NFs. However, as with the inhibitor SB431542, ADSCs significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration and the expression of extracellular matrix proteins (collagen-I, collagen-III, FN and α-SMA), but also suppressed the protein expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), phosphorylated (p-) mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) 2, p-Smad3 and Smad7 in HSFs and KFs. The results show that ADSCs inhibited cell proliferation and migration and the expression of extracellular matrix proteins in HSCs and KFs in vitro, possibly through inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department 2, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Li Teng
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department 2, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Xu
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department 2, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Jianjian Lu
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department 2, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department 2, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Liya Yang
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department 2, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Ma
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department 2, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Minghao Zhao
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department 2, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
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14
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Gong B, Zheng L, Lu Z, Huang J, Pu J, Pan S, Zhang M, Liu J, Tang J. Mesenchymal stem cells negatively regulate CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell activation in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome through the miRNA‑125b and miRNA‑155 TCR pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:43. [PMID: 33179091 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been revealed to suppress CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and autoimmunity in both mouse models and patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) mediate CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell activation, but the mechanism is not understood, particularly for CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells treated with MSCs. Characterization of miRNAs may reveal pSS pathogenesis, guide MSC treatment and provide more personalized management options. The present study aimed to perform an miRNome analysis of quiescent and T cell receptor (TCR)‑activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells treated with MSCs via miRNA profiles and bioinformatics. Following 72 h of co‑culture, MSCs inhibited TCR‑induced CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell activation and decreased IFN‑γ levels. The numbers of aberrant miRNAs in pSS naïve (vs. healthy naïve), pSS activation (vs. pSS naïve), MSC treatment and pre‑IFN‑γ MSC treatment (vs. pSS activation) groups were 42, 55, 27 and 32, respectively. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that 259 pathways were associated with CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell stimulation, and 240 pathways were associated with MSC treatment. Increased miRNA‑7150 and miRNA‑5096 and decreased miRNA‑125b‑5p and miRNA‑22‑3p levels in activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from patients with pSS were reversed by MSC treatment. Notably, the proliferation of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and CD4<sup>+</sup> IFN‑γ<sup>+</sup> cells, expression levels of miRNA‑125b‑5p and miRNA‑155 in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and supernatant IFN‑γ secretion were associated with disease activity. miRNA may play a vital role in MSC treatment for activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. The results indicated that the expression levels of miRNA‑125b‑5p and miRNA‑155 in TCR‑activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from patients with pSS may provide insight regarding autoimmune diseases and offer a novel target for prospective treatment. Therefore, these results may be crucial in providing MSC treatment for pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangdong Gong
- Division of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhao Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jiashu Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jincheng Pu
- Division of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Pan
- Division of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Tang
- Division of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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15
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Liu H, Li R, Liu T, Yang L, Yin G, Xie Q. Immunomodulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1912. [PMID: 32973792 PMCID: PMC7468450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the joints and other organs for which there is currently no effective treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic potential due to their immunomodulatory and differentiation effects. While extensive experimental studies and clinical trials have demonstrated the effects of MSCs in various diseases, MSCs have been found to cause abnormal differentiation and tumor formation. Therefore, extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs (MSC-EVs) are more effective, less toxic, and more stable than the parental cells. MSC-EVs transfer various nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids from parent cells to recipient cells, and thus participate in chronic inflammatory and immune processes. In this review, we summarize the properties and biological functions of MSCs and MSC-EVs in RA. Improvement in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying MSC and MSC-EVs in RA provides an insight into potential biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruicen Li
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leiyi Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geng Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yang JH, Liu FX, Wang JH, Cheng M, Wang SF, Xu DH. Mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: Potential roles in rheumatic diseases. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:688-705. [PMID: 32843922 PMCID: PMC7415241 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i7.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely investigated in rheumatic disease due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Recently, mounting studies have implicated the therapeutic potency of MSCs mostly due to the bioactive factors they produce. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs have been identified as a promising cell-free therapy due to low immunogenicity. Rheumatic disease, primarily including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, is a group of diseases in which immune dysregulation and chronic progressive inflammation lead to irreversible joint damage. Targeting MSCs and MSC-derived EVs may be a more effective and promising therapeutic strategy for rheumatic diseases.
AIM To evaluate the potential therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs and EVs generated from MSCs in rheumatic diseases.
METHODS PubMed was searched for the relevant literature using corresponding search terms alone or in combination. Papers published in English language from January 1999 to February 2020 were considered. Preliminary screening of papers concerning analysis of "immunomodulatory function" or "regenerative function" by scrutinizing the titles and abstracts of the literature, excluded the papers not related to the subject of the article. Some other related studies were obtained by manually retrieving the reference lists of papers that comply with the selection criteria, and these studies were screened to meet the final selection and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS Eighty-six papers were ultimately selected for analysis. After analysis of the literature, it was found that both MSCs and EVs generated from MSCs have great potential in multiple rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, in repair and regeneration of tissues, inhibition of inflammatory response, and regulation of body immunity via promoting chondrogenesis, regulating innate and adaptive immune cells, and regulating the secretion of inflammatory factors. But EVs from MSCs exhibit much more advantages over MSCs, which may represent another promising cell-free restorative strategy. Targeting MSCs and MSC-derived EVs may be a more efficient treatment for patients with rheumatic diseases.
CONCLUSION The enormous potential of MSCs and EVs from MSCs in immunomodulation and tissue regeneration offers a new idea for the treatment of rheumatism. However, more in-depth exploration is needed before their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Han Yang
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng-Xia Liu
- Department of Allergy, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shu-Feng Wang
- Medical Experimental Training Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dong-Hua Xu
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
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Beldi G, Khosravi M, Abdelgawad ME, Salomon BL, Uzan G, Haouas H, Naserian S. TNFα/TNFR2 signaling pathway: an active immune checkpoint for mesenchymal stem cell immunoregulatory function. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:281. [PMID: 32669116 PMCID: PMC7364521 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to their multilineage potential, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a broad range of functions from tissue regeneration to immunomodulation. MSCs have the ability to modulate the immune response and change the progression of different inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. However, there are still many challenges to overcome before their widespread clinical administration including the mechanisms behind their immunoregulatory function. MSCs inhibit effector T cells and other immune cells, while inducing regulatory T cells (T regs), thus, reducing directly and indirectly the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TNF/TNFR signaling plays a dual role: while the interaction of TNFα with TNFR1 mediates pro-inflammatory effects and cell death, its interaction with TNFR2 mediates anti-inflammatory effects and cell survival. Many immunosuppressive cells like T regs, regulatory B cells (B regs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) express TNFR2, and this is directly related to their immunosuppression efficiency. In this article, we investigated the role of the TNFα/TNFR2 immune checkpoint signaling pathway in the immunomodulatory capacities of MSCs. METHODS Co-cultures of MSCs from wild-type (WT) and TNFR2 knocked-out (TNFR2 KO) mice with T cells (WT and TNFα KO) were performed under various experimental conditions. RESULTS We demonstrate that TNFR2 is a key regulatory molecule which is strongly involved in the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs. This includes their ability to suppress T cell proliferation, activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, in addition to their capacity to induce active T regs. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal for the first time the importance of the TNFα/TNFR2 axis as an active immune checkpoint regulating MSC immunological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Beldi
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Carthage University, LR18ES40, Inflammation, environment and signalization pathologies, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Essameldin Abdelgawad
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Biochemistry Division, Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Benoît L Salomon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Houda Haouas
- National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Carthage University, LR18ES40, Inflammation, environment and signalization pathologies, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Sina Naserian
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France. .,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France. .,CellMedEx, Saint Maur Des Fossés, France.
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18
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Basak S, Sengupta S, Chattopadhyay K. Understanding biochemical processes in the presence of sub-diffusive behavior of biomolecules in solution and living cells. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:851-872. [PMID: 31444739 PMCID: PMC6957588 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to maintain cellular function, biomolecules like protein, DNA, and RNAs have to diffuse to the target spaces within the cell. Changes in the cytosolic microenvironment or in the nucleus during the fulfillment of these cellular processes affect their mobility, folding, and stability thereby impacting the transient or stable interactions with their adjacent neighbors in the organized and dynamic cellular interior. Using classical Brownian motion to elucidate the diffusion behavior of these biomolecules is hard considering their complex nature. The understanding of biomolecular diffusion inside cells still remains elusive due to the lack of a proper model that can be extrapolated to these cases. In this review, we have comprehensively addressed the progresses in this field, laying emphasis on the different aspects of anomalous diffusion in the different biochemical reactions in cell interior. These experiment-based models help to explain the diffusion behavior of biomolecules in the cytosolic and nuclear microenvironment. Moreover, since understanding of biochemical reactions within living cellular system is our main focus, we coupled the experimental observations with the concept of sub-diffusion from in vitro to in vivo condition. We believe that the pairing between the understanding of complex behavior and structure-function paradigm of biological molecules would take us forward by one step in order to solve the puzzle around diseases caused by cellular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Basak
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Sombuddha Sengupta
- Protein Folding and Dynamics Lab, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Krishnananda Chattopadhyay
- Protein Folding and Dynamics Lab, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
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19
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He X, Yang Y, Yao MW, Ren TT, Guo W, Li L, Xu X. Full title: High glucose protects mesenchymal stem cells from metformin-induced apoptosis through the AMPK-mediated mTOR pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17764. [PMID: 31780804 PMCID: PMC6882892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and macro-vascular events are directly associated with hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but whether intensive glucose control decreases the risk of diabetic cardiovascular complications remains uncertain. Many studies have confirmed that impaired quality and quantity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a pathogenic role in diabetes. Our previous study found that the abundance of circulating MSCs was significantly decreased in patients with T2DM, which was correlated with the progression of diabetic complications. In addition, metformin-induced MSC apoptosis is one of the reasons for the decreased quantity of endogenous or exogenous MSCs during intensive glucose control. However, the role of glucose in metformin-induced MSC apoptosis during intensive glucose control in T2DM remains unknown. In this study, we found that metformin induces MSC apoptosis during intensive glucose control, while high glucose (standard glucose control) could significantly reverse its adverse effect in an AMPK-mTOR pathway dependent manner. Thus, our results indicate that the poorer clinical benefit of the intensive glucose control strategy may be related to an adverse effect due to metformin-induced MSC apoptosis during intensive glucose control therapy in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory, State Key laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Central Laboratory, State Key laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Wei Yao
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Ren
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory, State Key laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory, State Key laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China. .,Central Laboratory, State Key laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China. .,Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
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20
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Berthelot JM, Le Goff B, Maugars Y. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis: problems rather than solutions? Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:239. [PMID: 31722720 PMCID: PMC6854713 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-2014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can dampen inflammation in animal models of inflammatory rheumatisms and human osteoarthritis. They are expected to be a solution for numerous human conditions. However, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA), subsets of subchondral BM-MSCs might conversely fuel synovitis and enthesitis. Main text Abnormal behaviour of BM-MSCs and/or their progeny has been found in RA and SpA. BM-MSCs also contribute to the ossifying processes observed in ankylosing spondylitis. Some synovial fibroblastic stem cells probably derive from BM-MSCs, but some stem cells can also migrate through the bare zone area of joints, not covered by cartilage, into the synovium. BM-MSCs can also migrate in the synovium over tendons. Sub-populations of bone marrow stem cells also invade the soft tissue side of enthesis via small holes in the bone cortex. The present review aims (1) to make a focus on these two aspects and (2) to put forward the hypothesis that lasting epigenetic changes of some BM-MSCs, induced by transient infections of the bone marrow close to the synovium and/or entheses (i.e. trained immunity of BM-MSCs and/or their progeny), contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory rheumatisms. Such hypothesis would fit with (1) the uneven distribution and/or flares of arthritis and enthesitis observed at the individual level in RA and SpA (reminiscent of what is observed following reactive arthritis and/or in Whipple’s disease); (2) the subchondral bone marrow oedema and erosions occurring in many RA patients, in the bare zone area; and (3) the frequent relapses of RA and SpA despite bone marrow transplantation, whereas most BM-MSCs resist graft preconditioning. Conclusion Some BM-MSCs might be more the problem than the solution in inflammatory rheumatisms. Subchondral bone marrow BM-MSCs and their progeny trafficking through the bare zone area of joints or holes in the bone cortex of entheses should be thoroughly studied in RA and SpA respectively. This may be done first in animal models. Mini-arthroscopy of joints could also be used in humans to specifically sample tissues close to the bare zone and/or enthesis areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoit Le Goff
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Yves Maugars
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
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21
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Hoogduijn MJ, Lombardo E. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Anno 2019: Dawn of the Therapeutic Era? Concise Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1126-1134. [PMID: 31282113 PMCID: PMC6811696 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
2018 was the year of the first marketing authorization of an allogeneic stem cell therapy by the European Medicines Agency. The authorization concerns the use of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for treatment of complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease. This is a breakthrough in the field of MSC therapy. The last few years have, furthermore, seen some breakthroughs in the investigations into the mechanisms of action of MSC therapy. Although the therapeutic effects of MSCs have largely been attributed to their secretion of immunomodulatory and regenerative factors, it has now become clear that some of the effects are mediated through host phagocytic cells that clear administered MSCs and in the process adapt an immunoregulatory and regeneration supporting function. The increased interest in therapeutic use of MSCs and the ongoing elucidation of the mechanisms of action of MSCs are promising indicators that 2019 may be the dawn of the therapeutic era of MSCs and that there will be revived interest in research to more efficient, practical, and sustainable MSC-based therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1126-1134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Hoogduijn
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Zhang Q, Li Q, Zhu J, Guo H, Zhai Q, Li B, Jin Y, He X, Jin F. Comparison of therapeutic effects of different mesenchymal stem cells on rheumatoid arthritis in mice. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7023. [PMID: 31198641 PMCID: PMC6553443 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and nonspecific autoimmune disease, which leads to joint destruction and deformity. To investigate the potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new therapeutic strategy for patients with RA, we compared the therapeutic effects of bone marrow derived MSCs (BMSCs), umbilical cord derived MSCs (UCs), and stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods A total of 24 DBA/1 mice were infused with type II collagen to induce RA in the experimental model. MSC-treated mice were infused with UCs, BMSCs, and SHED, respectively. Bone erosion and joint destruction were measured by micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured by immunohistochemistry and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results Systemic delivery of MSCs significantly improved the severity of the symptoms related to CIA to greater extent compared with the untreated control group. Micro-CT revealed reduced bone erosions in the metatarsophalangeal joints upon treatment with MSCs. Additionally, according to histologic evaluation, reduced synovitis and articular destruction were observed in MSC-treated groups. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum and joints decreased with treatment by MSCs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that systemic infusion of UCs, BMSCs, and SHED may significantly alleviate the effects of RA. The therapeutic effect of BMSCs was greater than that of SHED, while the UCs were shown to have the best therapeutic effect on CIA mice. In conclusion, compared with BMSCs and SHED, UCs may be a more suitable source of MSCs for the treatment of patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qihong Li
- Department of Stomatology, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiming Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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23
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Yan L, Zheng D, Xu RH. Critical Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Signaling in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1658. [PMID: 30079066 PMCID: PMC6062591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been broadly used as a therapy for autoimmune disease in both animal models and clinical trials. MSCs inhibit T effector cells and many other immune cells, while activating regulatory T cells, thus reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and repressing inflammation. TNF can modify the MSC effects via two TNF receptors, i.e., TNFR1 in general mediates pro-inflammatory effects and TNFR2 mediates anti-inflammatory effects. In the central nervous system, TNF signaling plays a dual role, which enhances inflammation via TNFR1 on immune cells while providing cytoprotection via TNFR2 on neural cells. In addition, the soluble form of TNFR1 and membrane-bound TNF also participate in the regulation to fine-tune the functions of target cells. Other factors that impact TNF signaling and MSC functions include the gender of the host, disease course, cytokine concentrations, and the length of treatment time. This review will introduce the fascinating progress in this aspect of research and discuss remaining questions and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Dejin Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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24
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Macrin D, Joseph JP, Pillai AA, Devi A. Eminent Sources of Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Imminence. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:741-756. [PMID: 28812219 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the recent times, stem cell biology has garnered the attention of the scientific fraternity and the general public alike due to the immense therapeutic potential that it holds in the field of regenerative medicine. A breakthrough in this direction came with the isolation of stem cells from human embryo and their differentiation into cell types of all three germ layers. However, the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from adult tissues proved to be advantageous over embryonic stem cells due to the ethical and immunological naivety. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) isolated from the bone marrow were found to differentiate into multiple cell lineages with the help of appropriate differentiation factors. Furthermore, other sources of stem cells including adipose tissue, dental pulp, and breast milk have been identified. Newer sources of stem cells have been emerging recently and their clinical applications are also being studied. In this review, we examine the eminent sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), their immunophenotypes, and therapeutic imminence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannie Macrin
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joel P Joseph
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Arikketh Devi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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25
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Shao B, Fu X, Yu Y, Yang D. Regulatory effects of miRNA‑181a on FasL expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and its effect on CD4+T lymphocyte apoptosis in estrogen deficiency‑induced osteoporosis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:920-930. [PMID: 29845202 PMCID: PMC6059724 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a bone formation disorder induced by estrogen deficiency. Estrogen deficiency facilitates the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts by activating T lymphocytes. In our previous study, it was demonstrated that estrogen promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC)‑induced osteoclast apoptosis through downregulation of microRNA (miR)‑181a and subsequent Fas ligand (FasL) protein accumulation. In the present study, the regulatory effects of miR‑181a on FasL expression in BMMSCs and the apoptotic effects of BMMSCs on cluster of differentiation (CD)4+T lymphocytes were investigated. An ovariectomized mouse model of osteoporosis (OVX) was established and CD4+T lymphocytes were isolated from the bones of these mice. The results demonstrated that the number of CD4+T lymphocytes was increased in the OVX group compared within the control group, thus suggesting that estrogen deficiency may increase CD4+T lymphocyte number. CD4+T lymphocytes were subsequently co‑cultured with estrogen‑treated BMMSCs, after which it was demonstrated that estrogen significantly promoted the apoptosis of CD4+T lymphocytes. Western blot analysis indicated that estrogen promoted the apoptosis of CD4+T lymphocytes through regulation of FasL expression in BMMSCs in a concentration‑dependent manner. Finally, miR‑181a was transfected into BMMSCs, which were co‑cultured with CD4+T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that miR‑181a exerted a negative regulatory effect on BMMSC‑induced CD4+T lymphocyte apoptosis by regulating FasL protein expression in BMMSCs; this maybe a key mechanism underlying the development of estrogen deficiency‑induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Shao
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Fu
- Department of Orthodontics, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Deqin Yang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
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26
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Sun Y, Deng W, Yao G, Chen W, Tang X, Feng X, Lu L, Sun L. Citrullinated fibrinogen impairs immunomodulatory function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by triggering toll-like receptor. Clin Immunol 2018; 193:38-45. [PMID: 29373844 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) have been shown to possess immunomodulatory activities, while its role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown. Citrullinated fibrinogen (cfb) has been considered as a specific autoantigen in RA pathogenesis. Our study aims to determine the role of cfb on immunomodulatory function of BMSC. We demonstrated the specific role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NFκB pathway in the pro-inflammatory response of BMSC to cfb with increased production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and chemokine CC motif ligand 2 (CCL2). Moreover, cfb impaired BMSC-mediated suppression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferation and reduced the production of the key immunomodulatory molecule indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in BMSC. We have uncovered a previously unrecognized role of cfb in interfering BMSC-mediated immunoregulation in RA. Cfb could act as a damage-associated molecule pattern (DAMP) for BMSC and thereby contribute to the propagation of inflammation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Center of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
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27
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Fischer JC, Otten V, Kober M, Drees C, Rosenbaum M, Schmickl M, Heidegger S, Beyaert R, van Loo G, Li XC, Peschel C, Schmidt-Supprian M, Haas T, Spoerl S, Poeck H. A20 Restrains Thymic Regulatory T Cell Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2356-2365. [PMID: 28842469 PMCID: PMC5617121 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining immune tolerance requires the production of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells in the thymus. Activation of NF-κB transcription factors is critically required for Treg cell development, partly via initiating Foxp3 expression. NF-κB activation is controlled by a negative feedback regulation through the ubiquitin editing enzyme A20, which reduces proinflammatory signaling in myeloid cells and B cells. In naive CD4+ T cells, A20 prevents kinase RIPK3-dependent necroptosis. Using mice deficient for A20 in T lineage cells, we show that thymic and peripheral Treg cell compartments are quantitatively enlarged because of a cell-intrinsic developmental advantage of A20-deficient thymic Treg differentiation. A20-deficient thymic Treg cells exhibit reduced dependence on IL-2 but unchanged rates of proliferation and apoptosis. Activation of the NF-κB transcription factor RelA was enhanced, whereas nuclear translocation of c-Rel was decreased in A20-deficient thymic Treg cells. Furthermore, we found that the increase in Treg cells in T cell–specific A20-deficient mice was already observed in CD4+ single-positive CD25+ GITR+ Foxp3− thymic Treg cell progenitors. Treg cell precursors expressed high levels of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily molecule GITR, whose stimulation is closely linked to thymic Treg cell development. A20-deficient Treg cells efficiently suppressed effector T cell–mediated graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, suggesting normal suppressive function. Holding thymic production of natural Treg cells in check, A20 thus integrates Treg cell activity and increased effector T cell survival into an efficient CD4+ T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Clemens Fischer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Otten
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maike Kober
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Drees
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Rosenbaum
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schmickl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Heidegger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xian Chang Li
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030; and.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Christian Peschel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Haas
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Silvia Spoerl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany;
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28
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Hussain N, Zhu W, Jiang C, Xu J, Wu X, Geng M, Hussain S, Cai Y, Xu K, Xu P, Han Y, Sun J, Meng L, Lu S. Down-regulation of miR-10a-5p in synoviocytes contributes to TBX5-controlled joint inflammation. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:241-250. [PMID: 28782180 PMCID: PMC5742673 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are considered to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between miR‐10a‐5p and TBX5 in synoviocytes and evaluate their contribution to joint inflammation. The expression of miR‐10a‐5p and TBX5 in the synovium of RA and human synovial sarcoma cell line SW982 stimulated by IL‐1β was determined by RT‐qPCR and Western blotting. The direct interaction between miR‐10a‐5p and TBX5 3′UTR was determined by dual‐luciferase reporter assay in HeLa cells. Mimics and inhibitors of miR‐10a‐5p were transfected into SW982 cells. TBX5 was overexpressed by plasmid transfection or knocked down by RNAi. Proinflammatory cytokines and TLR3 and MMP13 expressions were determined by RT‐qPCR and Western blotting. Down‐regulated expression of miR‐10a‐5p and up‐regulation of TBX5 in human patients with RA were found compared to patients with OA. IL‐1β could reduce miR‐10a‐5p and increase TBX5 expression in SW982 cells in vitro. The direct target relationship between miR‐10a‐5p and 3′UTR of TBX5 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Alterations of miR‐10‐5p after transfection with its mimic and inhibitor caused the related depression and re‐expression of TBX5 and inflammatory factors in SW982 cells. Overexpression of TBX5 after pCMV3‐TBX5 plasmid transfection significantly promoted the production of TLR3, MMP13 and various inflammatory cytokines, while this effect was rescued after knocking down of TBX5 with its specific siRNA. We conclude that miR‐10a‐5p in a relation with TBX5 regulates joint inflammation in arthritis, which would serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congshan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Manman Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Safdar Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongsong Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liesu Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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29
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Mesenchymal stem cells for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: immune modulation, repair or both? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2017; 29:201-207. [PMID: 27941390 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, in addition to their ability to form cartilage and bone. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent developments and current knowledge gaps in our understanding of the protective effects of MSCs against inflammatory arthritis, and to discuss their clinical exploitation for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RECENT FINDINGS The weight of evidence for protective mechanisms of exogenously administered MSCs is on immunomodulatory effects, including inhibition of dendritic cell maturation, polarization of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and activation of regulatory T cells, thereby dampening inflammation and preventing joint damage. Evidence for direct effects on tissue repair is scant. Recent studies have identified MSC subsets in vivo and an important question is whether MSCs in their native tissues have similar immunoregulatory functions. Recent proof-of-concept clinical studies have shown a satisfactory safety profile of allogeneic MSC therapy in RA patients with promising trends for clinical efficacy. SUMMARY Allogeneic MSCs could be effective in RA. Larger, multicentre clinical studies are needed to provide robust evidence, and MSC treatment at early stages of RA should be explored to 'reset' the immune system.
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30
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Pistoia V, Raffaghello L. Mesenchymal stromal cells and autoimmunity. Int Immunol 2017; 29:49-58. [PMID: 28338763 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are committed progenitors of mesodermal origin that are found virtually in every organ and exhibit multilineage differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes. MSCs also mediate a wide spectrum of immunoregulatory activities that usually dampen innate and adaptive immune responses. These features have attracted interest in the perspective of developing novel cell therapies for autoimmune disease. However, depending on the microenvironmental conditions, MSCs may show a plastic behavior and switch to an immunostimulatory phenotype. After thorough characterization of the effects of MSCs on the immune system, MSC cell therapy has been tested in animal models of autoimmunity using different cell sources, protocols of in vitro expansion and routes and schedules of administration. The pre-clinical results have been encouraging in some models [e.g. Crohn's disease (CD), multiple sclerosis] and heterogeneous in others (e.g. graft-versus-host disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis). Clinical trials have been carried out and many are ongoing. As discussed, the results obtained are too preliminary to draw any conclusion, with the only exception of topical administration of MSCs in CD that has proven efficacious. The mechanism of action of infused MSCs is still under investigation, but the apparent paradox of a therapeutic effect achieved in spite of the very low number of cells reaching the target organ has been solved by the finding that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) closely mimic the therapeutic activity of MSCs in pre-clinical models. These issues are critically discussed in view of the potential clinical use of MSC-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Pistoia
- Immunology Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Lizzia Raffaghello
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
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31
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Klinker MW, Marklein RA, Lo Surdo JL, Wei CH, Bauer SR. Morphological features of IFN-γ-stimulated mesenchymal stromal cells predict overall immunosuppressive capacity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2598-E2607. [PMID: 28283659 PMCID: PMC5380055 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617933114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) lines can vary significantly in their functional characteristics, and the effectiveness of MSC-based therapeutics may be realized by finding predictive features associated with MSC function. To identify features associated with immunosuppressive capacity in MSCs, we developed a robust in vitro assay that uses principal-component analysis to integrate multidimensional flow cytometry data into a single measurement of MSC-mediated inhibition of T-cell activation. We used this assay to correlate single-cell morphological data with overall immunosuppressive capacity in a cohort of MSC lines derived from different donors and manufacturing conditions. MSC morphology after IFN-γ stimulation significantly correlated with immunosuppressive capacity and accurately predicted the immunosuppressive capacity of MSC lines in a validation cohort. IFN-γ enhanced the immunosuppressive capacity of all MSC lines, and morphology predicted the magnitude of IFN-γ-enhanced immunosuppressive activity. Together, these data identify MSC morphology as a predictive feature of MSC immunosuppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Klinker
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Ross A Marklein
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Jessica L Lo Surdo
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Cheng-Hong Wei
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Steven R Bauer
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
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32
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Abdalmula A, Dooley LM, Kaufman C, Washington EA, House JV, Blacklaws BA, Ghosh P, Itescu S, Bailey SR, Kimpton WG. Immunoselected STRO-3 + mesenchymal precursor cells reduce inflammation and improve clinical outcomes in a large animal model of monoarthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:22. [PMID: 28173831 PMCID: PMC5297153 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of intravenously administered immunoselected STRO-3 + mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) on clinical scores, joint pathology and cytokine production in an ovine model of monoarthritis. METHODS Monoarthritis was established in 16 adult merino sheep by administration of bovine type II collagen into the left hock joint following initial sensitization to this antigen. After 24 h, sheep were administered either 150 million allogeneic ovine MPCs (n = 8) or saline (n = 8) intravenously (IV). Lameness, joint swelling and pain were monitored and blood samples for leukocytes and cytokine levels were collected at intervals following arthritis induction. Animals were necropsied 14 days after arthritis induction and gross and histopathological evaluations were undertaken on tissues from the arthritic (left) and contralateral (right) joints. RESULTS MPC-treated sheep demonstrated significantly reduced clinical signs of lameness, joint pain and swelling compared with saline controls. They also showed decreased cartilage erosions, synovial stromal cell activation and angiogenesis. This was accompanied by decreased infiltration of the synovial tissues by CD4+ lymphocytes and CD14+ monocytes/macrophages. Over the 3 days following joint arthropathy induction, the numbers of neutrophils circulating in the blood and plasma concentrations of activin A were significantly reduced in animals administered MPCs. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study have demonstrated the capacity of IV-administered MPCs to mitigate the clinical signs and some of the inflammatory mediators responsible for joint tissue destruction in a large animal model of monoarthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Activins/blood
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Movement
- Collagen Type II/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-17/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Joints/immunology
- Joints/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/immunology
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/pathology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Sheep, Domestic
- Synovial Fluid/chemistry
- Synovial Fluid/cytology
- Synovial Fluid/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Abdalmula
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 5010 Australia
| | - Laura M. Dooley
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 5010 Australia
| | - Claire Kaufman
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 5010 Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Washington
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 5010 Australia
| | - Jacqueline V. House
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Barbara A. Blacklaws
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES UK
| | - Peter Ghosh
- Mesoblast Ltd, 55 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Silviu Itescu
- Mesoblast Ltd, 55 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Simon R. Bailey
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 5010 Australia
| | - Wayne G. Kimpton
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 5010 Australia
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33
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Fuenzalida P, Kurte M, Fernández-O'ryan C, Ibañez C, Gauthier-Abeliuk M, Vega-Letter AM, Gonzalez P, Irarrázabal C, Quezada N, Figueroa F, Carrión F. Toll-like receptor 3 pre-conditioning increases the therapeutic efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis model. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:630-41. [PMID: 27059200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Immunomodulatory properties of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UCMSCs) can be differentially modulated by toll-like receptors (TLR) agonists. Here, the therapeutic efficacy of short TLR3 and TLR4 pre-conditioning of UCMSCs was evaluated in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The novelty of this study is that although modulation of human MSCs activity by TLRs is not a new concept, this is the first time that short TLR pre-conditioning has been carried out in a murine inflammatory model of acute colitis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water ad libitum for 7 days. At days 1 and 3, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1 × 10(6) UCMSCs untreated or TLR3 and TLR4 pre-conditioned UCMSCs. UCMSCs were pre-conditioned with poly(I:C) for TLR3 and LPS for TLR4 for 1 h at 37°C and 5% CO2. We evaluated clinical signs of disease and body weights daily. At the end of the experiment, colon length and histological changes were assessed. RESULTS poly(I:C) pre-conditioned UCMSCs significantly ameliorated the clinical and histopathological severity of DSS-induced colitis compared with UCMSCs or LPS pre-conditioned UCMSCs. In contrast, infusion of LPS pre-conditioned UCMSCs significantly increased clinical signs of disease, colon shortening and histological disease index in DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS These results show that short in vitro TLR3 pre-conditioning with poly(I:C) enhances the therapeutic efficacy of UCMSCs, which is a major breakthrough for developing improved treatments to patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Kurte
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Fernández-O'ryan
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Ibañez
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Melanie Gauthier-Abeliuk
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Vega-Letter
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paz Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile; Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Irarrázabal
- Laboratory of Integrative and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nataly Quezada
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Figueroa
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile.
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Sun X, Zhang C, Jin H, Sun G, Tian Y, Shi W, Zhang D. Flow cytometric analysis of T lymphocyte proliferation in vivo by EdU incorporation. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 41:56-65. [PMID: 27816727 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring T lymphocyte proliferation, especially in vivo, is essential for the evaluation of adaptive immune reactions. Flow cytometry-based proliferation assays have advantages in measuring cell division of different T lymphocyte subsets at the same time by multicolor labelling. In this study, we aimed to establish the use of 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation in vivo to monitor T lymphocyte proliferation by flow cytometry with an adoptive transfer model. We found that fixation followed by permeabilization preserved T cell surface antigens and had no obvious effects on the fluorescence intensity of APC, PE, PE-Cy7, FITC and PerCP-Cy5.5 when the concentration of the permeabilization reagents was optimized. However, the click reaction resulted in a significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity of PE and PE-Cy7, and surface staining after the click reaction improved the fluorescence intensity. Thus, an extra step of blocking with PBS with 3% FBS between the click reaction and cell surface staining is needed. Furthermore, the percentage of EdU-positive cells increased in a dose-dependent manner, and the saturated dose of EdU was 20mg/kg. Intraperitoneal and intravenous injection had no differences in lymphocyte proliferation detection with EdU in vivo. In addition, T cell proliferation measured by EdU incorporation was comparable to BrdU but was lower than CFSE labelling. In conclusion, we optimized the protocols for EdU administration in vivo and staining in vitro, providing a feasible method for the measurement of T lymphocyte proliferation with EdU incorporation by flow cytometry in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Sun
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chunpan Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guangyong Sun
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China.
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35
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Overexpression of soluble RAGE in mesenchymal stem cells enhances their immunoregulatory potential for cellular therapy in autoimmune arthritis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35933. [PMID: 27804999 PMCID: PMC5090969 DOI: 10.1038/srep35933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive agents for cellular therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) serves as a pattern recognition receptor for endogenous inflammatory ligands. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) is a truncated form of RAGE that functions as a decoy and acts as an anti-inflammatory molecule. The aim of this study was to determine whether sRAGE has therapeutic effects and the mechanisms active in sRAGE-overexpressing MSCs (sRAGE-MSCs) in an experimental model of RA. sRAGE-MSCs were generated by DNA transfection of human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (Ad-hMSCs). MSCs showed increased expression of VEGF, IL-1β, IL-6, and HMGB-1 under inflammatory conditions. However, sRAGE-MSCs showed significantly lower production of these proinflammatory molecules. Expression of immunomodulatory molecules such as IL-10, TGF-β, and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase was higher in sRAGE-MSCs than in mock-MSCs. sRAGE-MSCs showed enhanced migration potential. Transplantation of sRAGE-MSCs into arthritic IL-1Ra-knockout mice markedly suppressed inflammatory arthritis, decreased Th17 cells, and reciprocally increased regulatory T cells. The differentiation of IFN-γ+CD4+ and IL-17+CD4+ cells was inhibited by incubation with sRAGE-MSCs compared with mock-MSCs. These findings suggest that sRAGE overexpression in Ad-hMSCs optimizes their immunoregulatory properties, which may be useful as a novel cellular therapy for RA.
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36
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Quaranta P, Focosi D, Freer G, Pistello M. Tweaking Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cell Immunomodulatory Properties with Viral Vectors Delivering Cytokines. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1321-41. [PMID: 27476883 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) can be found in various body sites. Their main role is to differentiate into cartilage, bone, muscle, and fat cells to allow tissue maintenance and repair. During inflammation, MSCs exhibit important immunomodulatory properties that are not constitutive, but require activation, upon which they may exert immunosuppressive functions. MSCs are defined as "sensors of inflammation" since they modulate their ability of interfering with the immune system both in vitro and in vivo upon interaction with different factors. MSCs may influence immune responses through different mechanisms, such as direct cell-to-cell contact, release of soluble factors, and through the induction of anergy and apoptosis. Human MSCs are defined as plastic-adherent cells expressing specific surface molecules. Lack of MHC class II antigens makes them appealing as allogeneic tools for the therapy of both autoimmune diseases and cancer. MSC therapeutic potential could be highly enhanced by the expression of exogenous cytokines provided by transduction with viral vectors. In this review, we attempt to summarize the results of a great number of in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at improving the ability of MSCs as immunomodulators in the therapy of autoimmune, degenerative diseases and cancer. We will also compare results obtained with different vectors to deliver heterologous genes to these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quaranta
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Focosi
- 2 North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
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37
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Yeung WWY, Lau CS. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for rheumatic diseases. HONG KONG BULLETIN ON RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/hkbrd-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT) is an innovative treatment for rheumatic diseases. Underlying mechanism of how MSCT works in rheumatic diseases are still uncertain and with various hypotheses. Animal studies in MSCT show conflicting results mainly attributed by the differences in administration methods of MSCT, types of MSC use and randomization procedures. Human studies of MSCT are so far small scale but with satisfactory results in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Human studies of MSCT, however, showed less rewarding results in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Larger scale studies are needed to confirm the efficiency of MSCT as well as the safety profile in human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Wan-Yin Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youth Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, HK
| | - Chak-Sing Lau
- University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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38
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells: Common Traits in Immune Regulation. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7121580. [PMID: 27529074 PMCID: PMC4978836 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To protect host against immune-mediated damage, immune responses are tightly regulated. The regulation of immune responses is mediated by various populations of mature immune cells, such as T regulatory cells and B regulatory cells, but also by immature cells of different origins. In this review, we discuss regulatory properties and mechanisms whereby two distinct populations of immature cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells mediate immune regulation, focusing on their similarities, discrepancies, and potential clinical applications.
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39
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Yan X, Cen Y, Wang Q. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate experimental rheumatoid arthritis through microRNA-regulated IκB expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28915. [PMID: 27354158 PMCID: PMC4926108 DOI: 10.1038/srep28915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, which is a model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain ill-defined. Here, we showed that MSC transplantation reduced the activities of NF-κB signaling and decreased microRNA-548e (miR-548e) levels in the joint tissue in CIA-mice, seemingly through activation of transforming growth factor β receptor signaling. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that miR-548e inhibited protein translation of the NF-κB inhibitor, IκB, through binding to the 3′-UTR of the IκB mRNA. MSCs co-transplanted with adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying miR-548e abolished the therapeutic effects of MSCs on CIA. On the other hand, transplantation of AAV carrying antisense of miR-548e (as-miR-548e) partially mimicked the effects of MSC transplantation on CIA. Together, these data suggest that MSC transplantation may alleviate experimental RA partially through suppressing miR-548e-mediated IκB inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi University affiliated the First Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yurong Cen
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, South Campus, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, South Campus, Shanghai 201400, China.,Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Nanfang Medical University affiliated Fengxian Hospital, South Campus, Shanghai 201400, China
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40
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Pleyer L, Valent P, Greil R. Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cells in Normal and Dysplastic Hematopoiesis-Masters of Survival and Clonality? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071009. [PMID: 27355944 PMCID: PMC4964385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorders that have the capacity to progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Accumulating evidence suggests that the altered bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in general, and in particular the components of the stem cell niche, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their progeny, play a pivotal role in the evolution and propagation of MDS. We here present an overview of the role of MSCs in the pathogenesis of MDS, with emphasis on cellular interactions in the BM microenvironment and related stem cell niche concepts. MSCs have potent immunomodulatory capacities and communicate with diverse immune cells, but also interact with various other cellular components of the microenvironment as well as with normal and leukemic stem and progenitor cells. Moreover, compared to normal MSCs, MSCs in MDS and AML often exhibit altered gene expression profiles, an aberrant phenotype, and abnormal functional properties. These alterations supposedly contribute to the “reprogramming” of the stem cell niche into a disease-permissive microenvironment where an altered immune system, abnormal stem cell niche interactions, and an impaired growth control lead to disease progression. The current article also reviews molecular targets that play a role in such cellular interactions and possibilities to interfere with abnormal stem cell niche interactions by using specific targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pleyer
- 3rd Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials at Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- 3rd Medical Department, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Richard Greil
- 3rd Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials at Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- 3rd Medical Department, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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41
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Park KH, Mun CH, Kang MI, Lee SW, Lee SK, Park YB. Treatment of Collagen-Induced Arthritis Using Immune Modulatory Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1057-72. [DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immune modulatory properties. We investigated the potential therapeutic effects of human bone marrow (BM)-, adipose tissue (AD)-, and cord blood (CB)-derived MSCs in an experimental animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explored the mechanism underlying immune modulation by MSCs. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of clinically available human BM-, AD-, and CB-derived MSCs in DBA/1 mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA mice were injected intraperitoneally with three types of MSCs. Treatment control animals were injected with 35 mg/kg methotrexate (MTX) twice weekly. Clinical activity in CIA mice, degree of inflammation, cytokine expression in the joint, serum cytokine levels, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were evaluated. Mice treated with human BM-, AD-, and CB-MSCs showed significant improvement in clinical joint score, comparable to MTX-treated mice. Histologic examination showed greatly reduced joint inflammation and damage in MSC-treated mice compared with untreated mice. Microcomputed tomography also showed little joint damage in the MSC-treated group. MSCs significantly decreased serum interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and interferon-γ and increased IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β levels. Tregs were increased in mice treated with MSCs compared to untreated or MTX-treated mice. Human BM-, AD-, and CB-MSCs significantly suppressed joint inflammation in CIA mice. The cells decreased proinflammatory cytokines and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines and induced Tregs. Therefore, our study suggests that the use of human BM-, AD-, and CB-MSCs could be an effective therapeutic approach for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Hyung Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin Hee Mun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Il Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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42
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Lim JY, Im KI, Lee ES, Kim N, Nam YS, Jeon YW, Cho SG. Enhanced immunoregulation of mesenchymal stem cells by IL-10-producing type 1 regulatory T cells in collagen-induced arthritis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26851. [PMID: 27246365 PMCID: PMC4887998 DOI: 10.1038/srep26851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties and have potential, however, there have been conflicting reports regarding their effects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which causes inflammation and destruction of the joints. Through a comparative analysis of regulatory T (Treg) and IL-10-producing type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, we hypothesized that Tr1 cells enhance the immunoregulatory functions of MSCs, and that a combinatorial approach to cell therapy may exert synergistic immunomodulatory effects in an experimental animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A combination of MSCs and Tr1 cells prevented the development of destructive arthritis compared to single cell therapy. These therapeutic effects were associated with an increase in type II collagen (CII)-specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells and inhibition of CII-specific CD4+IL-17+ T cells. We observed that Tr1 cells produce high levels of IL-10-dependent interferon (IFN)-β, which induces toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 expression in MSCs. Moreover, induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by TLR3 involved an autocrine IFN-β that was dependent on STAT1 signaling. Furthermore, we observed that production of IFN-β and IL-10 in Tr1 cells synergistically induces IDO in MSCs through the STAT1 pathway. These findings suggest co-administration of MSCs and Tr1 cells to be a novel therapeutic modality for clinical autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Lim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sol Lee
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
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43
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Farrell E, Fahy N, Ryan AE, Flatharta CO, O'Flynn L, Ritter T, Murphy JM. vIL-10-overexpressing human MSCs modulate naïve and activated T lymphocytes following induction of collagenase-induced osteoarthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:74. [PMID: 27194025 PMCID: PMC4870800 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent efforts in osteoarthritis (OA) research have highlighted synovial inflammation and involvement of immune cells in disease onset and progression. We sought to establish the in-vivo immune response in collagenase-induced OA and investigate the ability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) overexpressing viral interleukin 10 (vIL-10) to modulate immune populations and delay/prevent disease progression. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were injected with 1 U type VII collagenase over two consecutive days. At day 7, 20,000 hMSCs overexpressing vIL-10 were injected into the affected knee. Control groups comprised of vehicle, 20,000 untransduced or adNull-transduced MSCs or virus alone. Six weeks later knees were harvested for histological analysis and popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes for flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS At this time there was no significant difference in knee OA scores between any of the groups. A trend toward more damage in animals treated with hMSCs was observed. Interestingly there was a significant reduction in the amount of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells in the vIL-10-expressing hMSC group. CONCLUSIONS vIL-10-overexpressing hMSCs can induce long-term reduction in activated T cells in draining lymph nodes of mice with collagenase-induced OA. This could lead to reduced OA severity or disease progression over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Room Ee1614, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015CN, The Netherlands. .,Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Niamh Fahy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute Davos (ARI), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Aideen E Ryan
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Cathal O Flatharta
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lisa O'Flynn
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Orbsen Therapeutics Ltd, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Ritter
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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44
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Luz-Crawford P, Ipseiz N, Espinosa-Carrasco G, Caicedo A, Tejedor G, Toupet K, Loriau J, Scholtysek C, Stoll C, Khoury M, Noël D, Jorgensen C, Krönke G, Djouad F. PPARβ/δ directs the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75:2166-2174. [PMID: 26964143 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define how peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ expression level in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could predict and direct both their immunosuppressive and therapeutic properties. PPARβ/δ interacts with factors such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and regulates the expression of molecules including vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1. Since these molecules are critical for MSC function, we investigated the role of PPARβ/δ on MSC immunosuppressive properties. METHODS We either treated human MSCs (hMSCs) with the irreversible PPARβ/δ antagonist (GSK3787) or derived MSCs from mice deficient for PPARβ/δ (PPARβ/δ-/- MSCs). We used the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) as model of immune-mediated disorder and the MSC-immune cell coculture assays. RESULTS Modulation of PPARβ/δ expression in hMSCs either using GSK3787 or hMSCs from different origin reveals that MSC immunosuppressive potential is inversely correlated with Ppard expression. This was consistent with the higher capacity of PPARβ/δ-/- MSCs to inhibit both the proliferation of T lymphocytes, in vitro, and arthritic development and progression in CIA compared with PPARβ/δ+/+ MSCs. When primed with proinflammatory cytokines to exhibit an immunoregulatory phenotype, PPARβ/δ-/- MSCs expressed a higher level of mediators of MSC immunosuppression including VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and nitric oxide (NO) than PPARβ/δ+/+ MSCs. The enhanced NO2 production by PPARβ/δ-/- MSCs was due to the increased retention of NF-κB p65 subunit on the κB elements of the inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter resulting from PPARβ/δ silencing. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to show that the inhibition or knockdown of PPARβ/δ in MSCs primes their immunoregulatory functions. Thus, the regulation of PPARβ/δ expression provides a new strategy to generate therapeutic MSCs with a stable regulatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Luz-Crawford
- Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - N Ipseiz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Espinosa-Carrasco
- Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Caicedo
- Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Hospital de los Valles, Quito Ecuador
| | - G Tejedor
- Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - K Toupet
- Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J Loriau
- Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Scholtysek
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Stoll
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Hospital de los Valles, Quito Ecuador
| | - M Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Noël
- Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Service d'Immuno-Rhumatologie Thérapeutique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | - C Jorgensen
- Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Service d'Immuno-Rhumatologie Thérapeutique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | - G Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Djouad
- Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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45
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Hynes K, Bright R, Proudman S, Haynes D, Gronthos S, Bartold M. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cell in experimental arthritis in rat and mouse models: A systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2016; 46:1-19. [PMID: 27105756 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in the treatment of arthritis with the development of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, 30% of patients still fail to respond to treatment. Given the potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their ability to repair damaged cartilage, bone, and tendons, it has been proposed that MSC could be ideal for cell-based treatment of arthritis. OBJECTIVE This systematic review investigates evidence from studies on the therapeutic efficacy of MSC in rodent models of arthritis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Wed of Science were searched to June 2015 for quantitative studies examining the outcome of treating animal models of arthritis with MSC. Inclusion criteria were as follows: administration of mesenchymal stem as a treatment approach for arthritis; animal models only; and published in English. We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS The literature search identified 30 studies which met the inclusion criteria. A range of MSC populations were assessed in various rodent models of arthritis. Of these, 19 demonstrated positive outcomes while 11 studies failed to demonstrate positive effects. Owing to the extensive variation in the experimental design, cells investigated and the outcome measures described in the manuscripts, no meta-analysis was possible. Furthermore, the numerical values for the primary outcome measure of clinical paw score were frequently not published in the manuscripts analyzed, as they were only illustrated in graphical form. CONCLUSIONS Numerous studies have investigated the utility of a range of MSC populations in the treatment of experimental arthritis. The results obtained from these studies have been highly inconsistent, with multiple studies identifying a statistically significant improvement in arthritis scores after treatment with MSC, while other studies identified a statistically significant deterioration in arthritis scores and thirdly some studies showed no effect. Further studies using standardized protocols and outcome measures are needed to determine fully the potential of MSC populations in the treatment of experimental arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hynes
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Richard Bright
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Susanna Proudman
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Haynes
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark Bartold
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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46
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Abstract
Immunomodulators regulate stem cell activity at all stages of development as well as during adulthood. Embryonic stem cell (ESC) proliferation as well as neurogenic processes during embryonic development are controlled by factors of the immune system. We review here immunophenotypic expression patterns of different stem cell types, including ESC, neural (NSC) and tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and focus on immunodulatory properties of these cells. Immune and inflammatory responses, involving actions of cytokines as well as toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling are known to affect the differentiation capacity of NSC and MSC. Secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory messengers by MSC have been observed as the consequence of TLR and cytokine activation and promotion of differentiation into specified phenotypes. As result of augmented differentiation capacity, stem cells secrete angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor, resulting in multifactorial actions in tissue repair. Immunoregulatory properties of tissue specific adult stem cells are put into the context of possible clinical applications.
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47
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Kang MI, Park YB. Immunomodulatory Function of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Rheumatoid Arthritis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2016.23.5.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Il Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University Medical College, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunologic Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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48
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Luz-Crawford P, Torres MJ, Noël D, Fernandez A, Toupet K, Alcayaga-Miranda F, Tejedor G, Jorgensen C, Illanes SE, Figueroa FE, Djouad F, Khoury M. The immunosuppressive signature of menstrual blood mesenchymal stem cells entails opposite effects on experimental arthritis and graft versus host diseases. Stem Cells 2015; 34:456-69. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
- Inserm, U1183; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Maria J. Torres
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | - Daniele Noël
- Inserm, U1183; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Ainoa Fernandez
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
- Cells for Cells; Santiago Chile
| | - Karine Toupet
- Inserm, U1183; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
- Cells for Cells; Santiago Chile
| | - Gautier Tejedor
- Inserm, U1183; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Inserm, U1183; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
- Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Lapeyronie University Hospital; Montpellier France
| | - Sebastian E. Illanes
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | - Fernando E. Figueroa
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | - Farida Djouad
- Inserm, U1183; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
- Cells for Cells; Santiago Chile
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49
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Garimella MG, Kour S, Piprode V, Mittal M, Kumar A, Rani L, Pote ST, Mishra GC, Chattopadhyay N, Wani MR. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Systemic Bone Loss in Collagen-Induced Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5136-48. [PMID: 26538398 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammatory synovitis leading to joint destruction and systemic bone loss. The inflammation-induced bone loss is mediated by increased osteoclast formation and function. Current antirheumatic therapies primarily target suppression of inflammatory cascade with limited or no success in controlling progression of bone destruction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by virtue of their tissue repair and immunomodulatory properties have shown promising results in various autoimmune and degenerative diseases. However, the role of MSCs in prevention of bone destruction in RA is not yet understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) on in vitro formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and pathological bone loss in the mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model of RA. We observed that ASCs significantly inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in both a contact-dependent and -independent manner. Additionally, ASCs inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-1β. Furthermore, treatment with ASCs at the onset of CIA significantly reduced clinical symptoms and joint pathology. Interestingly, ASCs protected periarticular and systemic bone loss in CIA mice by maintaining trabecular bone structure. We further observed that treatment with ASCs reduced osteoclast precursors in bone marrow, resulting in decreased osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, ASCs suppressed autoimmune T cell responses and increased the percentages of peripheral regulatory T and B cells. Thus, we provide strong evidence that ASCs ameliorate inflammation-induced systemic bone loss in CIA mice by reducing osteoclast precursors and promoting immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Supinder Kour
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India; and
| | - Vikrant Piprode
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India; and
| | - Monika Mittal
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India; and
| | - Lekha Rani
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India; and
| | - Satish T Pote
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India; and
| | - Gyan C Mishra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India; and
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Mohan R Wani
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India; and
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50
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Liu R, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhou M, Sun Y, Su D, Feng X, Gao X, Shi S, Chen W, Sun L. Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells inhibited T follicular helper cell generation in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12777. [PMID: 26259824 PMCID: PMC4531289 DOI: 10.1038/srep12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells provide help for antigen-specific B cells. We have previously shown that Tfh cell frequency was increased and associated with auto-antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), suggesting a possible involvement of Tfh cells in its pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising alternative cell therapy for RA by modulating T and B cell activation and proliferation. However, it remains unknown whether MSCs have immunoregulation on Tfh cells. In this paper, we have demonstrated that allogeneic MSCs could suppress Tfh cell differentiation in RA patients partly via the production of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). IFNγ generated from Tfh cell differentiation system induced IDO expression on MSCs. MSCs transplantation (MSCT) into collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice prevented arthritis progression by inhibiting both the number and function of Tfh cells in vivo. These findings reveal a novel suppressive function of MSCs in Tfh cells, which has implication in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the immunotherapeutic effects of MSCs on RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, PR China
| | - Zhuoya Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Affliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, PR China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Affliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, PR China
| | - Dinglei Su
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, PR China
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, PR China
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