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Debreceni IL, Barr JY, Upton EM, Chen YG, Lieberman SM. IL-27 promotes pathogenic T cells in a mouse model of Sjögren's disease. Clin Immunol 2024; 264:110260. [PMID: 38788885 PMCID: PMC11203157 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by focal lymphocytic inflammation in lacrimal and salivary glands. We recently identified IL-27 as a requisite signal for the spontaneous SjD-like manifestations in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Here, we define T cell-intrinsic effects of IL-27 in lacrimal gland disease in NOD mice. IL-27 receptor was required by both CD4 T effector (Te) cells and CD8 T cells to mediate focal inflammation. Intrinsic IL-27 signaling was associated with PD-1 and ICOS expressing T follicular helper (Tfh)-like CD4 Te cells within lacrimal glands, including subsets defined by CD73 or CD39 expression. CD8 T cells capable of IL-27 signaling also expressed PD-1 with subsets expressing ICOS and CD73 demonstrating a T follicular cytotoxic (Tfc)-like cell phenotype and others expressing a CD39hi exhausted-like phenotype. These findings suggest IL-27 is a key early signal driving a follicular-type response in lacrimal gland inflammation in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy L Debreceni
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 500 Newton Road, 2191 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 500 Newton Road, 2191 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Jennifer Y Barr
- Scientific Editing and Research Communication Core, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 451 Newton Road, 130 Medicine Administration Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Ellen M Upton
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 500 Newton Road, 2191 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 451 Newton Road, 200 Medicine Administration Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Scott M Lieberman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 500 Newton Road, 2191 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 500 Newton Road, 2191 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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2
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Akgul A, Freguia CF, Maddaloni M, Hoffman C, Voigt A, Nguyen CQ, Fanger NA, Fanger GR, Pascual DW. Treatment with a Lactococcus lactis that chromosomally express E. coli cfaI mitigates salivary flow loss in a Sjögren's syndrome-like disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19489. [PMID: 37945636 PMCID: PMC10636062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS) results in loss of salivary and lacrimal gland excretion due to an autoimmune attack on these secretory glands. Conventional SjS treatments address the symptoms, but not the cause of disease. Recognizing this deficit of treatments to reverse SjS disease, studies were pursued using the fimbriae from enterotoxigenic E. coli, colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I), which has anti-inflammatory properties. To determine if CFA/I fimbriae could attenuate SjS-like disease in C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 (SjS) females, the Lactococcus lactis (LL) 301 strain was developed to chromosomally express the cfaI operon. Western blot analysis confirmed CFA/I protein expression, and this was tested in SjS females at different stages of disease. Repeated dosing with LL 301 proved effective in mitigating salivary flow loss and in reducing anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and inflammation in the submandibular glands (SMGs) in SjS females and in restoring salivary flow in diseased mice. LL 301 treatment reduced proinflammatory cytokine production with concomitant increases in TGF-β+ CD25+ CD4+ T cells. Moreover, LL 301 treatment reduced draining lymph and SMG follicular T helper (Tfh) cell levels and proinflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-21. Such evidence points to the therapeutic capacity of CFA/I protein to suppress SjS disease and to have restorative properties in combating autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akgul
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Massimo Maddaloni
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carol Hoffman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandria Voigt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - David W Pascual
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Delaleu N, Marti HP, Strauss P, Sekulic M, Osman T, Tøndel C, Skrunes R, Leh S, Svarstad E, Nowak A, Gaspert A, Rusu E, Kwee I, Rinaldi A, Flatberg A, Eikrem O. Systems analyses of the Fabry kidney transcriptome and its response to enzyme replacement therapy identified and cross-validated enzyme replacement therapy-resistant targets amenable to drug repurposing. Kidney Int 2023; 104:803-819. [PMID: 37419447 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease is a rare disorder caused by variations in the alpha-galactosidase gene. To a degree, Fabry disease is manageable via enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). By understanding the molecular basis of Fabry nephropathy (FN) and ERT's long-term impact, here we aimed to provide a framework for selection of potential disease biomarkers and drug targets. We obtained biopsies from eight control individuals and two independent FN cohorts comprising 16 individuals taken prior to and after up to ten years of ERT, and performed RNAseq analysis. Combining pathway-centered analyses with network-science allowed computation of transcriptional landscapes from four nephron compartments and their integration with existing proteome and drug-target interactome data. Comparing these transcriptional landscapes revealed high inter-cohort heterogeneity. Kidney compartment transcriptional landscapes comprehensively reflected differences in FN cohort characteristics. With exception of a few aspects, in particular arteries, early ERT in patients with classical Fabry could lastingly revert FN gene expression patterns to closely match that of control individuals. Pathways nonetheless consistently altered in both FN cohorts pre-ERT were mostly in glomeruli and arteries and related to the same biological themes. While keratinization-related processes in glomeruli were sensitive to ERT, a majority of alterations, such as transporter activity and responses to stimuli, remained dysregulated or reemerged despite ERT. Inferring an ERT-resistant genetic module of expressed genes identified 69 drugs for potential repurposing matching the proteins encoded by 12 genes. Thus, we identified and cross-validated ERT-resistant gene product modules that, when leveraged with external data, allowed estimating their suitability as biomarkers to potentially track disease course or treatment efficacy and potential targets for adjunct pharmaceutical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delaleu
- 2cSysBioMed, Contra, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Philipp Strauss
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miroslav Sekulic
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tarig Osman
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Tøndel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rannveig Skrunes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sabine Leh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Einar Svarstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Albina Nowak
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ariana Gaspert
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Rusu
- Department of Nephrology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Nephrology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ivo Kwee
- BigOmics Analytics, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Arnar Flatberg
- Central Administration, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oystein Eikrem
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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TERZİ Ü, ATEŞ İ. SJÖGREN SENDROMU İLE BAZI GEN POLİMORFİZMLERİ ARASINDAKİ OLASI BAĞLANTILAR. ANKARA UNIVERSITESI ECZACILIK FAKULTESI DERGISI 2023; 47:7-7. [DOI: 10.33483/jfpau.1328811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Sjögren’s syndrome is a complex and widespread autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is not fully elucidated and environmental and genetic factors affect the development of the disease. In order to reveal the effect of genetic contribution, studies have been conducted on the genes previously shown to play a role in other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythromatosus. In addition, two GWAS studies were conducted to investigate the role of more genes in the disease by screening the entire genome and the relationship of previously unknown genes with SS was shown.
Result and Discussion: Studies are being conducted with spontaneous and genetically modified animal models in order to better reveal the relationship between SS and genes and to reinforce the data obtained from humans. In this study, the relationship between the genes previously studied in other autoimmune diseases and the genes associated with SS in GWAS studies and the possible pathways that may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease through related genes were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülkü TERZİ
- ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, ECZACILIK MESLEK BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, FARMASOTİK TOKSİKOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - İlker ATEŞ
- ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, ECZACILIK MESLEK BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, FARMASOTİK TOKSİKOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
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Li L, Jasmer KJ, Camden JM, Woods LT, Martin AL, Yang Y, Layton M, Petris MJ, Baker OJ, Weisman GA, Petris CK. Early Dry Eye Disease Onset in a NOD.H-2h4 Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:18. [PMID: 35727180 PMCID: PMC9233292 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.6.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a mouse model of human dry eye disease (DED) for investigation of sex differences in autoimmune-associated dry eye pathology. Methods Ocular surface disease was assessed by quantifying corneal epithelial damage with lissamine green stain in the NOD.H-2h4,IFNγ−/−,CD28−/− (NOD.H-2h4 DKO) mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Lacrimal gland function was assessed by tear volume quantification with phenol red thread and lacrimal gland inflammation (i.e., dacryoadenitis) was assessed by quantification of immune cell foci, flow cytometric analysis of immune cell composition, and expression of proinflammatory markers. Results The NOD.H-2h4 DKO mouse model of SS exhibits greater age-dependent increases in corneal damage than in NOD.H-2h4 parental mice and demonstrates an earlier disease onset in females compared to males. The severity of ocular surface disease correlates with loss of goblet cell density, increased conjunctivitis, and dacryoadenitis that is more pronounced in NOD.H-2h4 DKO than NOD.H-2h4 mice. B cells dominate lacrimal infiltrates in 16-week-old NOD.H-2h4 and NOD.H-2h4 DKO mice, but T helper cells and macrophages are also present. Lacrimal gland expression of proinflammatory genes, including the P2X7 and P2Y2 purinergic receptors, is greater in NOD.H-2h4 DKO than NOD.H-2h4 mice and correlates with dacryoadenitis. Conclusions Our results demonstrate for the first time that autoimmune dry eye disease occurs in both sexes of NOD.H-2h4 DKO and NOD.H-2h4 mice, with earlier onset in female NOD.H-2h4 DKO mice when compared to males of the same strain. This study demonstrates that both NOD.H-2h4 and NOD.H-2h4 DKO mice are novel models that closely resemble SS-related and sex-dependent DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Visual Science and Optometry Center, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kimberly J Jasmer
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Jean M Camden
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Lucas T Woods
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Adam L Martin
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Yong Yang
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Maria Layton
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Michael J Petris
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Olga J Baker
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Carisa K Petris
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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Peck AB, Nguyen CQ, Ambrus JL. A MZB Cell Activation Profile Present in the Lacrimal Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome-Susceptible C57BL/6.NOD- Aec1Aec2 Mice Defined by Global RNA Transcriptomic Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6106. [PMID: 35682784 PMCID: PMC9181468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse has been extensively studied to define the underlying cellular and molecular basis for the onset and development of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a human systemic autoimmune disease characterized clinically as the loss of normal lacrimal and salivary gland functions leading respectively to dry eye and dry mouth pathologies. While an overwhelming majority of SS studies in both humans and rodent models have long focused primarily on pathophysiological events and the potential role of T lymphocytes in these events, recent studies in our murine models have indicated that marginal zone B (MZB) lymphocytes are critical for both development and onset of SS disease. Although migration and function of MZB cells are difficult to study in vivo and in vitro, we have carried out ex vivo investigations that use temporal global RNA transcriptomic analyses to track early cellular and molecular events in these exocrine glands of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice. In the present report, genome-wide transcriptome analyses of lacrimal glands indicate that genes and gene-sets temporally upregulated during early onset of disease define the Notch2/NF-kβ14 and Type1 interferon signal transduction pathways, as well as identify chemokines, especially Cxcl13, and Rho-GTPases, including DOCK molecules, in the cellular migration of immune cells to the lacrimal glands. We discuss how the current results compare with our recently published salivary gland data obtained from similar studies carried out in our C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice, pointing out both similarities and differences in the etiopathogeneses underlying the autoimmune response within the two glands. Overall, this study uses the power of transcriptomic analyses to identify temporal molecular bioprocesses activated during the preclinical covert pathogenic stage(s) of SS disease and how these findings may impact future intervention therapies as the disease within the two exocrine glands may not be identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B. Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.Q.N.); (J.L.A.J.)
| | - Cuong Q. Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.Q.N.); (J.L.A.J.)
| | - Julian L. Ambrus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.Q.N.); (J.L.A.J.)
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Wang Y, Feng R, Cheng G, Huang B, Tian J, Gan Y, Jin Y, Miao M, Zhang X, Sun X, He J, Li Z. Low Dose Interleukin-2 Ameliorates Sjögren's Syndrome in a Murine Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:887354. [PMID: 35665339 PMCID: PMC9160330 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.887354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease with no efficient treatment, and it is associated with dysregulated immune cells and impaired interleukin (IL)-2 signaling. IL-2 is critical for the development and maintenance of Treg cells. The use of low dose of IL-2 (LDIL-2) in the treatment of autoimmune diseases is promising, but the efficacy and mechanism in SS therapy are still to be confirmed. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of LDIL-2 on SS in NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice. NOD mice (female, 8 weeks old) were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 8). Low dose of IL-2 (LDIL-2), high dose of IL-2 (HDIL-2), and isometric sterile water (control) were administered subcutaneously daily from week 8 to week 16. LDIL-2 administration significantly recovered the reduction in saliva flow and suppressed lymphocyte inflammation of the submandibular glands (SMGs) when compared with those treated with sterile water as controls (p < 0.05). SS related biomarkers including ANA, Anti-SSA/Ro, and Anti-SSB/La also declined (p < 0.05). In the low dose of IL-2 treated group, the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs in both spleen and cervical-lymph-node were higher than control mice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CD4+Bcl-6+PD-1+CXCR5+Tfh cells, CD4+IFN-γ+Th1 cells, and CD4+IL-17A+Th17 cells were significantly reduced in LDIL-2 group (p < 0.05). Analysis of the SMGs biopsies showed significantly decreased inflammation scores after LDIL-2 administration and an increase of Tregs with immunohistochemical staining. Our findings provide in vivo evidence that LDIL-2 was an effective therapeutic intervention for SS observed in NOD mice and may restore immune balance through the promotion of Treg and suppression of germinal center (GC) B cells and effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Salivary and Lacrimal Gland Alterations of the Epidermal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (E-FABP) in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073491. [PMID: 35408851 PMCID: PMC8998856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in E-FABP in the salivary and lacrimal glands of the Sjögren syndrome (SS) model non-obese diabetic mice (NOD). Cotton thread and ocular vital staining tests were performed on 10-week NOD male mice (n = 24) and age- and sex-matched wild-type (WT) mice (n = 25). Tear and saliva samples were collected at sacrifice for E-FABP ELISA assays. Salivary and lacrimal gland specimens underwent immunohistochemistry stainings for E-FABP. Real-time RT-PCR was also performed for the quantification of mRNA expression levels in the salivary and lacrimal glands. Corneal vital staining scores in the NOD mice were significantly higher compared with those for the wild-type mice (p = 0.0001). The mean tear E-FABP level showed a significantly lower concentration in the NOD mice (p = 0.001). The mean saliva E-FABP level also showed a significantly lower concentration in the NOD mice (p = 0.04). Immunohistochemistry revealed intense E-FABP staining in the LG acinar epithelium and less intense staining in the acinar epitheliae of the SGs in the NOD mice compared to the WT mice. Real-time RT-PCR for the mRNA expression of E-FABP showed a significantly decreased expression in the SG and a significant increase in the LG of the NOD mice compared to the WT mice. In conclusion, the E-FABP showed marked alterations in the tear film, saliva, lacrimal, and salivary glands of the NOD mouse, which may help explain the ocular surface changes in relation to the dry eye disease in this SS model mouse and keratoconjunctivitis sicca in SS patients.
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Killian M, Colaone F, Haumont P, Nicco C, Cerles O, Chouzenoux S, Cathébras P, Rochereau N, Chanut B, Thomas M, Laroche N, Forest F, Grouard-Vogel G, Batteux F, Paul S. Therapeutic Potential of Anti-Interferon α Vaccination on SjS-Related Features in the MRL/lpr Autoimmune Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666134. [PMID: 34867938 PMCID: PMC8635808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is a frequent systemic autoimmune disease responsible for a major decrease in patients’ quality of life, potentially leading to life-threatening conditions while facing an unmet therapeutic need. Hence, we assessed the immunogenicity, efficacy, and tolerance of IFN-Kinoid (IFN-K), an anti-IFNα vaccination strategy, in a well-known mouse model of systemic autoimmunity with SjS-like features: MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice. Two cohorts (with ISA51 or SWE01 as adjuvants) of 26 female MRL/lpr were divided in parallel groups, “controls” (not treated, PBS and Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin [KLH] groups) or “IFN-K” and followed up for 122 days. Eight-week-old mice received intra-muscular injections (days 0, 7, 28, 56 and 84) of PBS, KLH or IFN-K, emulsified in the appropriate adjuvant, and blood samples were serially collected. At sacrifice, surviving mice were euthanized and their organs were harvested for histopathological analysis (focus score in salivary/lacrimal glands) and IFN signature evaluation. SjS-like features were monitored. IFN-K induced a disease-modifying polyclonal anti-IFNα antibody response in all treated mice with high IFNα neutralization capacities, type 1 IFN signature’s reduction and disease features’ (ocular and oral sicca syndrome, neuropathy, focus score, glandular production of BAFF) improvement, as reflected by the decrease in Murine Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (MuSSDAI) modelled on EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI). No adverse effects were observed. We herein report on the strong efficacy of an innovative anti-IFNα vaccination strategy in a mouse model of SjS, paving the way for further clinical development (a phase IIb trial has just been completed in systemic lupus erythematosus with promising results).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Killian
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
- Internal Medicine Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | | | - Carole Nicco
- Team Stress Oxydant, Prolifération Cellulaire et Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cerles
- Team Stress Oxydant, Prolifération Cellulaire et Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Chouzenoux
- Team Stress Oxydant, Prolifération Cellulaire et Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Cathébras
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
- Internal Medicine Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blandine Chanut
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Mireille Thomas
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1059-Sainbiose, Université de Lyon, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Norbert Laroche
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1059-Sainbiose, Université de Lyon, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Fabien Forest
- Department of Pathology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Frédéric Batteux
- Team Stress Oxydant, Prolifération Cellulaire et Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
- *Correspondence: Stéphane Paul,
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10
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Saito K, Mori S, Kodama T. McH-lpr/lpr-RA1 mice: A novel spontaneous mouse model of autoimmune sialadenitis. Immunol Lett 2021; 237:3-10. [PMID: 34174253 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many studies of the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome have been performed using spontaneous mouse models. In the present study, we describe the characteristics of McH/lpr-RA1 mice and propose their use as a novel murine model of autoimmune sialadenitis. The McH/lpr-RA1 mouse is a recombinant congenic strain derived from generation F54 or more of MRL-Faslpr x (MRL- Faslpr x C3H- Faslpr) F1. We show for the first time that this mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune sialadenitis and vasculitis in submandibular gland tissues. Sialadenitis was accompanied by extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue destruction. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the salivary gland lesions strongly expressed four sialadenitis-related molecules: SSA and SSB (autoantigens of Sjögren's syndrome), gp91phox (an accelerator of reactive oxygen species production) and single strand DNA (a marker of apoptotic cells). In contrast, expression of aquaporin-5 (AQP5), which stimulates salivary secretion was weak or negligible. Statistical correlation analyses indicated that the apoptosis of salivary gland cells provoked by oxidative stress contributed to the severe sialadenitis and reduced expression of AQP5. Our study has demonstrated that McH/lpr-RA1 mice spontaneously develop the pathognomonic features of autoimmune sialadenitis and thus could be used as a new animal model of Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Saito
- Liaison Centre for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shiro Mori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kodama
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan.
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11
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Liu O, Xu J, Wang F, Jin W, Zanvit P, Wang D, Goldberg N, Cain A, Guo N, Han Y, Bynum A, Ma G, Wang S, Tang Z, Chen W. Adipose-mesenchymal stromal cells suppress experimental Sjögren syndrome by IL-33-driven expansion of ST2 + regulatory T cells. iScience 2021; 24:102446. [PMID: 33997712 PMCID: PMC8105666 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) play important roles in the alleviation of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 family, has been shown to regulate innate and adaptive immunity. However, it is still unknown whether ADSCs regulate immune responses via IL-33. We show here that ADSCs produced IL-33 in response to IL-1β stimulation, which depended on TAK1, ERK, and p38 pathways. ADSCs-derived IL-33 drove the proliferation of CD4+Foxp3+ST2+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and alleviated experimental autoimmune Sjögren syndrome in mice. Importantly, human ADSCs also produced IL-33 in response to IL-1β. Thus, we have revealed a previously unrecognized immunoregulatory function of ADSCs by IL-33 production in experimental autoimmunity, which may have clinical applications for human immunopathology. Human and mouse ADSCs express IL-33 in response to IL-β stimulation mADSC-derived IL-33 inhibits inflammation in salivary glands in SS model mADSC-derived IL-33 expand ST2+ Tregs in vitro and in SS model
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousheng Liu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fu Wang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Dalian Medical University, School of Stomatology, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Zanvit
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nathan Goldberg
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander Cain
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nancy Guo
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yichen Han
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Bynum
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guowu Ma
- Dalian Medical University, School of Stomatology, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author
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12
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Tauqeer Z, Bunya VY, Macchi I, Massaro-Giordano M. Ocular Pathophysiology of Sjögren's Syndrome. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 29:796-802. [PMID: 33830848 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1903935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to delve into the clinical and research understanding of the pathophysiology and presentation of Sjögren's-related keratoconjunctivitis sicca in order address the diagnostic and management challenge that it represents, as well as to provide a basis for appreciating the pharmacotherapies designed to treat the ophthalmic symptoms of Sjögren's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujaja Tauqeer
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vatinee Y Bunya
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Studying Sjögren's syndrome in mice: What is the best available model? J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:245-255. [PMID: 33665074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of exocrine glands. The disease manifests primarily in the salivary and lacrimal glands, but other organs are also involved, leading to dry mouth, dry eyes, and other extra-glandular manifestations. Studying the disease in humans is entailed with many limitations and restrictions; therefore, the need for a proper mouse model is mandatory. SS mouse models are categorized, depending on the disease emergence into spontaneous or experimentally manipulated models. The usefulness of each mouse model varies depending on the SS features exhibited by that model; each SS model has advanced our understanding of the disease pathogenesis. In this review article, we list all the available murine models which have been used to study SS and we comment on the characteristics exhibited by each mouse model to assist scientists to select the appropriate model for their specific studies. We also recommend a murine strain that is the most relevant to the ideal SS model, based on our experience acquired during previous and current investigations.
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14
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Early Covert Appearance of Marginal Zone B Cells in Salivary Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome-Susceptible Mice: Initiators of Subsequent Overt Clinical Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041919. [PMID: 33671965 PMCID: PMC7919007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse model has been extensively studied to define the underlying cellular and molecular bioprocesses critical in the onset of primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS), a human systemic autoimmune disease characterized clinically as the loss of lacrimal and salivary gland functions leading to dry eye and dry mouth pathologies. This mouse model, together with several gene knockout mouse models of SS, has indicated that B lymphocytes, especially marginal zone B (MZB) cells, are necessary for development and onset of clinical manifestations despite the fact that destruction of the lacrimal and salivary gland cells involves a classical T cell-mediated autoimmune response. Because migrations and functions of MZB cells are difficult to study in vivo, we have carried out ex vivo investigations that use temporal global RNA transcriptomic analyses to profile autoimmunity as it develops within the salivary glands of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice. Temporal profiles indicate the appearance of Notch2-positive cells within the salivary glands of these SS-susceptible mice concomitant with the early-phase appearance of lymphocytic foci (LF). Data presented here identify cellular bioprocesses occurring during early immune cell migrations into the salivary glands and suggest MZB cells are recruited to the exocrine glands by the upregulated Cxcl13 chemokine where they recognize complement (C’)-decorated antigens via their sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and B cell (BC) receptors. Based on known MZB cell behavior and mobility, we propose that MZB cells activated in the salivary glands migrate to splenic follicular zones to present antigens to follicular macrophages and dendritic cells that, in turn, promote a subsequent systemic cell-mediated and autoantibody-mediated autoimmune T cell response that targets exocrine gland cells and functions. Overall, this study uses the power of transcriptomic analyses to provide greater insight into several molecular events defining cellular bioprocesses underlying SS that can be modelled and more thoroughly studied at the cellular level.
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15
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Del Papa N, Minniti A, Lorini M, Carbonelli V, Maglione W, Pignataro F, Montano N, Caporali R, Vitali C. The Role of Interferons in the Pathogenesis of Sjögren's Syndrome and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020251. [PMID: 33572487 PMCID: PMC7916411 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a great deal of evidence pointing to interferons (IFNs) as being key cytokines in the pathogenesis of different systemic autoimmune diseases, including primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). In this disease, a large number of studies have shown that an overexpression of type I IFN, the ‘so-called’ type I IFN signature, is present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and that this finding is associated with the development of systemic extra-glandular manifestations, and a substantial production of autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, the absence or a milder expression of type I IFN signature and low level of inflammatory cytokines characterizes patients with a different clinical phenotype, where the disease is limited to glandular involvement and often marked by the presence of widespread pain and depression. The role of type II (IFNγ) in this subset of pSS patients, together with the potentially related activation of completely different immunological and metabolic pathways, are emerging issues. Expression of both types of IFNs has also been shown in target tissues, namely in minor salivary glands where a predominance of type II IFN signature appeared to have a certain association with the development of lymphoma. In view of the role played by IFN overexpression in the development and progression of pSS, inhibition or modulation of IFN signaling has been regarded as a potential target for the therapeutic approach. A number of therapeutic compounds with variable mechanisms of action have been tested or are under consideration for the treatment of patients with pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Del Papa
- Department of Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, 20122 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (W.M.); (F.P.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonina Minniti
- Department of Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, 20122 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (W.M.); (F.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Maurizio Lorini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Ca’ Granda IRCCS Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy; (M.L.); (V.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Carbonelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Ca’ Granda IRCCS Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy; (M.L.); (V.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Wanda Maglione
- Department of Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, 20122 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (W.M.); (F.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Francesca Pignataro
- Department of Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, 20122 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (W.M.); (F.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Ca’ Granda IRCCS Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy; (M.L.); (V.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Department of Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, 20122 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (W.M.); (F.P.); (R.C.)
- Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Vitali
- Mater Domini Humanitas Hospital, Rheumatology Outpatient Clinics, 21053 Castellanza, Italy;
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16
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Wang B, Chen S, Zheng Q, Li Y, Zhang X, Xuan J, Liu Y, Shi G. Early diagnosis and treatment for Sjögren's syndrome: current challenges, redefined disease stages and future prospects. J Autoimmun 2020; 117:102590. [PMID: 33310686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There are some challenges and unmet needs in the early diagnosis and management of Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) such as prominent glandular dysfunction at diagnosis and long diagnostic delay. Those challenges are partly attributed to the lack of a good knowledge of the early stages of SjS, which is a major obstacle to delivering appropriate care to SjS patients. Findings from both clinical and experimental studies suggest the plausibility of a redefined SjS course consisting of 4 stages, which includes initiation stage, preclinical stage, asymptomatic SjS stage and overt SjS stage. More studies focusing on the pathological processes and changes during the early stages of SjS are needed. To enable early diagnosis and treatment for SjS, more useful biomarkers of the early stages of SjS need to be identified, and individuals at high risk of SjS development need to be identified. Appropriate screening can be performed to facilitate the early diagnosis of SjS among those high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Shiju Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Jingxiu Xuan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Guixiu Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiamen, 361003, China.
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17
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Masli S, Dartt DA. Mouse Models of Sjögren's Syndrome with Ocular Surface Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239112. [PMID: 33266081 PMCID: PMC7730359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic rheumatic disease that predominantly affects salivary and lacrimal glands resulting in oral and ocular dryness, respectively, referred to as sicca symptoms. The clinical presentation of ocular dryness includes keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), resulting from the inflammatory damage to the ocular surface tissues of cornea and conjunctiva. The diagnostic evaluation of KCS is a critical component of the classification criteria used by clinicians worldwide to confirm SS diagnosis. Therapeutic management of SS requires both topical and systemic treatments. Several mouse models of SS have contributed to our current understanding of immunopathologic mechanisms underlying the disease. This information also helps develop novel therapeutic interventions. Although these models address glandular aspects of SS pathology, their impact on ocular surface tissues is addressed only in a few models such as thrombospondin (TSP)-1 deficient, C57BL/6.NOD.Aec1Aec2, NOD.H2b, NOD.Aire KO, and IL-2Rα (CD25) KO mice. While corneal and/or conjunctival damage is reported in most of these models, the characteristic SS specific autoantibodies are only reported in the TSP-1 deficient mouse model, which is also validated as a preclinical model. This review summarizes valuable insights provided by investigations on the ocular spectrum of the SS pathology in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Masli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (D.A.D.); Tel.: +1-617-358-2195 (S.M.); +1-617-912-0272 (D.A.D.)
| | - Darlene A. Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (D.A.D.); Tel.: +1-617-358-2195 (S.M.); +1-617-912-0272 (D.A.D.)
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18
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Kakan SS, Janga SR, Cooperman B, Craig DW, Edman MC, Okamoto CT, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Small RNA Deep Sequencing Identifies a Unique miRNA Signature Released in Serum Exosomes in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1475. [PMID: 32849505 PMCID: PMC7396589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and loss of function of moisture-producing exocrine glands as well as systemic inflammation. SS diagnosis is cumbersome, subjective and complicated by manifestation of symptoms that overlap with those of other rheumatic and ocular diseases. Definitive diagnosis averages 4–5 years and this delay may lead to irreversible tissue damage. Thus, there is an urgent need for diagnostic biomarkers for earlier detection of SS. Extracellular vesicles called exosomes carry functional small non-coding RNAs which play a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis via transcriptional and translational regulation of mRNA. Alterations in levels of specific exosomal miRNAs may be predictive of disease status. Here, we have assessed serum exosomal RNA using next generation sequencing in a discovery cohort of the NOD mouse, a model of early-intermediate SS, to identify dysregulated miRNAs that may be indicative of SS. We found five miRNAs upregulated in serum exosomes of NOD mice with an adjusted p < 0.05—miRNA-127-3p, miRNA-409-3p, miRNA-410-3p, miRNA-541-5p, and miRNA-540-5p. miRNAs 127-3p and 541-5p were also statistically significantly upregulated in a validation cohort of NOD mice. Pathway analysis and existing literature indicates that differential expression of these miRNAs may dysregulate pathways involved in inflammation. Future studies will apply these findings in a human cohort to understand how they are correlated with manifestations of SS as well as understanding their functional role in systemic autoimmunity specific to SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Singh Kakan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Srikanth R Janga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Cooperman
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David W Craig
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maria C Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Curtis T Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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19
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Gao Y, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Yu X, Zheng J. Recent Advances in Mouse Models of Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1158. [PMID: 32695097 PMCID: PMC7338666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a complex rheumatoid disease that mainly affects exocrine glands, resulting in xerostomia (dry mouth) and xerophthalmia (dry eye). SS is characterized by autoantibodies, infiltration into exocrine glands, and ectopic expression of MHC II molecules on glandular epithelial cells. In contrast to the well-characterized clinical and immunological features, the etiology and pathogenesis of SS remain largely unknown. Animal models are powerful research tools for elucidating the pathogenesis of human diseases. To date, many mouse models of SS, including induced models, in which disease is induced in mice, and genetic models, in which mice spontaneously develop SS-like disease, have been established. These mouse models have provided new insight into the pathogenesis of SS. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the field of experimental SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Gao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Junfeng Zheng
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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20
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Bjordal O, Norheim KB, Rødahl E, Jonsson R, Omdal R. Primary Sjögren's syndrome and the eye. Surv Ophthalmol 2019; 65:119-132. [PMID: 31634487 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects exocrine glands such as the salivary and lacrimal glands. In addition, systemic involvement is common. Primary Sjögren syndrome is of particular interest to ophthalmologists as it constitutes an important differential diagnosis in conditions with dry eye disease. In addition, ocular tests for more precisely diagnosing and monitoring primary Sjögren syndrome have become increasingly important, and new therapeutics for local and systemic treatment evolve as a result of increased understanding of immunological mechanisms and molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren syndrome. We provide an update of interest to ophthalmologists regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, investigative procedures, and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrine Brække Norheim
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Eyvind Rødahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roald Omdal
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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21
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Scuron MD, Fay B, Oliver J, Smith P. Spontaneous Model of Sjögren's Syndrome in NOD Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 86:e65. [DOI: 10.1002/cpph.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Kim JW, Kim SM, Park JS, Hwang SH, Choi J, Jung KA, Ryu JG, Lee SY, Kwok SK, Cho ML, Park SH. Metformin improves salivary gland inflammation and hypofunction in murine Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:136. [PMID: 31164166 PMCID: PMC6549273 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activated T and B cells participate in the development and progression of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). Metformin, a first-line anti-diabetic drug, exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects by activating AMPK. We investigated the therapeutic effect of metformin in non-obese diabetic (NOD)/ShiLtJ mice, an animal model of SS. Methods Metformin or vehicle was administered orally to the mice for 9 weeks. The salivary flow rate was measured at 11, 13, 15, 17, and 20 weeks. Histological analysis of the salivary glands from vehicle- and metformin-treated mice was conducted. CD4+ T and B cell differentiation in the peripheral blood and/or spleen was determined by flow cytometry. Serum total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Metformin reduced salivary gland inflammation and restored the salivary flow rate. Moreover, metformin reduced the interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-17 mRNA, and protein levels in the salivary glands. Metformin reduced the Th17 and Th1 cell populations and increased the regulatory T cell population in the peripheral blood and spleen and modulated the balance between Tfh and follicular regulatory T cells. In addition, metformin reduced B cell differentiation into germinal center B cells, decreased the serum immunoglobulin G level, and maintained the balance between IL-10- and IL-17-producing B cells. Conclusion Metformin suppresses effector T cells, induces regulatory T cells, and regulates B cell differentiation in an animal model of SS. In addition, metformin ameliorates salivary gland inflammation and hypofunction, suggesting that it has potential for the treatment of SS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1904-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sil Park
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Hwang
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongWon Choi
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Jung
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Geol Ryu
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Sjogren's Syndrome and TAM Receptors: A Possible Contribution to Disease Onset. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:4813795. [PMID: 31214622 PMCID: PMC6535826 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4813795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease featuring both organ-specific and systemic manifestations, the most frequent being dry mouth and dry eyes resulting from lymphocytic infiltration into the salivary and lacrimal glands. Like the related autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SS patients and mouse models display accumulation of apoptotic cells and a Type I interferon (IFN) signature. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) of the Tyro3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) family are present on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells and participate in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) and inhibition of Type I IFN signaling. This review examines the relationship between TAM receptor dysfunction and SS and explores the potential contributions of TAM defects on macrophages to SS development.
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24
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Vivino FB, Bunya VY, Massaro-Giordano G, Johr CR, Giattino SL, Schorpion A, Shafer B, Peck A, Sivils K, Rasmussen A, Chiorini JA, He J, Ambrus JL. Sjogren's syndrome: An update on disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment. Clin Immunol 2019; 203:81-121. [PMID: 31022578 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick B Vivino
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Vatinee Y Bunya
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Giacomina Massaro-Giordano
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Chadwick R Johr
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Giattino
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Annemarie Schorpion
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Brian Shafer
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ammon Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Kathy Sivils
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, OK 73104, USA.
| | - John A Chiorini
- NIH, Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Building 10, Room 1n113, 10 Center DR Msc 1190, Bethesda, MD 20892-1190, USA.
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Julian L Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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25
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Abstract
This article discusses the clinical appearance, differential diagnoses, and treatment considerations of corneal disease in the most common domesticated species of rodent: mouse, rat, chinchilla, and guinea pig. Many corneal diseases are related to inbred strains of either research or pet rodents. Diseases are complicated by husbandry and treatment-related challenges in this small, social species. This article is broken down by species, first discussing normal anatomy, then discussing commonly encountered diseases, and concluding with treatment considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Monk
- Ophthalmology, BluePearl Veterinary Partners, 1071 Howell Mill Road Northwest, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA.
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26
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Saito M, Otsuka K, Ushio A, Yamada A, Arakaki R, Kudo Y, Ishimaru N. Unique Phenotypes and Functions of Follicular Helper T Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Sjögren's Syndrome. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2019; 14:239-245. [PMID: 28124612 PMCID: PMC6225342 DOI: 10.2174/1573397113666170125122858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the systemic exocrine glands, such as salivary and lacrimal glands. A variety of T-cell subpopulations maintain immune tolerance in the thymus and periphery through complex immune responses including cellular and humoral immunity. The T-cell subpopulations exhibiting abnormal or unique phenotypes and impaired functionality have been reported to play important roles in the cellular mechanisms of autoimmunity in SS patients and animal models of SS. In this review, we focused on follicular helper T cells related to antibody production and regulatory T cells to control immune tolerance in the pathogenesis of SS. The unique roles of these T-cell subpopulations in the process of the onset or development of SS have been demonstrated in this review of recent publications. The clinical application of these T-cell subpopulations will be helpful for the development of new techniques for diagnosis or treatment of SS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Saito
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Otsuka
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Aya Ushio
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
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27
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Lee J, Lee J, Kwok S, Baek S, Jang SG, Hong S, Min J, Choi SS, Lee J, Cho M, Park S. JAK
‐1 Inhibition Suppresses Interferon‐Induced
BAFF
Production in Human Salivary Gland. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:2057-2066. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseon Lee
- The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer Lee
- The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Ki Kwok
- The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - SeungYe Baek
- The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Se Gwang Jang
- The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Min Hong
- The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Woong Min
- Kangwon National University Chuncheon Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- Kangwon National University Chuncheon Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Mi‐La Cho
- The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Hwan Park
- The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
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28
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Barr JY, Wang X, Kreiger PA, Lieberman SM. Salivary-gland-protective regulatory T-cell dysfunction underlies female-specific sialadenitis in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of Sjögren syndrome. Immunology 2018; 155:225-237. [PMID: 29750331 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell-mediated destruction of salivary glands is a hallmark feature of Sjögren syndrome. Similar to the female predominance in humans, female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice develop spontaneous salivary gland autoimmunity. However, in both humans and mice it is unclear what factors contribute to the initial immune infiltration of the salivary glands. Here, we used an adoptive transfer model of Sjögren syndrome to determine if female mice harbor a sex-specific defect in salivary-gland-protective regulatory T (Treg) cells. Transfer of cervical lymph node (LN) cells from female NOD mice into sex-matched NOD-severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) recipients resulted in sialadenitis, regardless of the presence or absence of Treg cells. In contrast, transfer of cervical LN cells from male NOD mice into sex-matched NOD-SCID recipients only resulted in sialadenitis when Treg cells were depleted before transfer, suggesting that male NOD mice have functional salivary-gland-protective Treg cells. Notably, the host environment affected the ability of Treg cells to prevent sialadenitis with testosterone promoting salivary gland protection. Treg cells from male mice did not protect against sialadenitis in female recipients. Testosterone treatment of female recipients of bulk cervical LN cells decreased sialadenitis, and Treg cells from female mice were capable of protecting against development of sialadenitis in male recipients. Hence, our data demonstrate that female NOD mice develop sialadenitis through a defect in salivary-gland-protective Treg cells that can be reversed in the presence of testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Barr
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Portia A Kreiger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott M Lieberman
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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29
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Zhou J, Yu Q. Anti-IL-7 receptor-α treatment ameliorates newly established Sjögren's-like exocrinopathy in non-obese diabetic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2438-2447. [PMID: 29680668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The levels of interleukin (IL)-7 and its receptor are elevated in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Our previous study indicates that IL-7 plays a critical pathogenic role in the development and onset of SS in a mouse model of this disease. The present study aims at determining whether IL-7 also plays a role in sustaining SS pathologies after the disease onset, by using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) model. Intraperitoneal administration of a blocking antibody against the IL-7 receptor α chain (IL-7Rα) to female NOD mice aged 10 weeks, which exhibited newly onset clinical SS, for the duration of 3 weeks significantly ameliorated characteristic SS pathologies including hyposalivation and leukocyte infiltration of the submandibular glands (SMGs). These changes were accompanied by a decrease in IFN-γ-producing CD4 T- and CD8 T cells, B cells, and lymphocyte chemoattractants CXCL9, -10, -11 and -13 in the SMGs. Anti-IL-7Rα treatment markedly diminished the amount of TNF-α in the SMGs and increased the level of claudin-1 and aquaporin 5, two molecules critical for normal salivary secretion. Furthermore, neutralization of IFN-γ and TNF-α, individually or in combination, considerably improved salivary secretion, reduced leukocyte infiltration and down-regulated CXCL9 and -13 expression in the SMGs. Collectively, the results indicate that endogenous IL-7R signals promote Th1 and Tc1 responses and IFN-γ- and TNF-α production to sustain the persistence of SS-like sialadenitis in NOD mice. These findings suggest that IL-7 and Th1 cytokines could serve as promising therapeutic targets for this prevalent autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Qing Yu
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115..
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30
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Bhattarai KR, Junjappa R, Handigund M, Kim HR, Chae HJ. The imprint of salivary secretion in autoimmune disorders and related pathological conditions. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:376-390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Li B, Wang F, Schall N, Muller S. Rescue of autophagy and lysosome defects in salivary glands of MRL/lpr mice by a therapeutic phosphopeptide. J Autoimmun 2018; 90:132-145. [PMID: 29486915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a multifactorial systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates in exocrine organs. Patients present with sicca symptoms, such as extensive dry eyes and dry mouth, and parotid enlargement. Other serious complications include profound fatigue, chronic pain, major organ involvement, neuropathies and lymphomas. Current treatments only focus on relieving symptoms and do not target the origin of the disease, which is largely unknown. The question we addressed here was whether some defects exist in autophagy processes in Sjögren's syndrome and if they can be corrected or minimized using an appropriate mechanism-driven treatment targeting this central survival pathway. Using a recognized murine model of secondary Sjögren's syndrome, we identified molecular alterations of autophagy occurring in the salivary glands of MRL/lpr mice, and discovered that opposite (up- or down-regulated) autophagy events can arise in distinct organs of the same mouse strain, here in lymphoid organs and salivary glands. We showed further that the therapeutic P140 peptide, known to directly act on chaperone-mediated autophagy, rescued MRL/lpr mice from cellular infiltration and autophagy defects occurring in salivary glands. Our findings provide a proof-of-concept that targeting autophagy might represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treating patients with Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihui Li
- CNRS, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, University of Strasbourg, France; Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, France
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- CNRS, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, University of Strasbourg, France; Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, France
| | - Nicolas Schall
- CNRS, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, University of Strasbourg, France; Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, University of Strasbourg, France; Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France.
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32
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Voynova E, Mahmoud T, Woods LT, Weisman GA, Ettinger R, Braley-Mullen H. Requirement for CD40/CD40L Interactions for Development of Autoimmunity Differs Depending on Specific Checkpoint and Costimulatory Pathways. Immunohorizons 2018; 2:54-66. [PMID: 30607385 PMCID: PMC6309431 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1700069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CD40/CD40L interactions play a critical role in immunity and autoimmunity. In this study, we sought to understand the requirement for CD40 signaling in the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) checkpoint and CD28 costimulatory pathways important for maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Blocking either pathway can result in loss of self-tolerance and development of autoimmunity. We found that primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) that develop spontaneously in CD28-deficient IFN-γ-/- NOD.H-2h4 (CD28-/-) mice required CD40 signaling. Specifically, blockade of CD40L with the anti-CD40L mAb, MR1, inhibited autoantibody production and inflammation in thyroid and salivary gland target tissues. Unexpectedly, however, ATD and pSS in PD-1-deficient IFN-γ-/- NOD.H-2h4 (PD-1-/-) mice developed independently of CD40/CD40L interactions. Treatment with MR1 had no effect and even exacerbated disease development in pSS and ATD, respectively. Most interesting, anti-thyroglobulin and pSS-associated autoantibodies were increased following anti-CD40L treatment, even though MR1 effectively inhibited the spontaneous splenic germinal centers that form in PD-1-deficient mice. Importantly, blockade of the PD-1 pathway by administration of anti-PD-1 mAb in CD28-/- mice recapitulated the PD-1-/- phenotype, significantly impacting the ability of MR1 to suppress ATD and pSS in these mice. These results indicate that there can be different pathways and requirements to autoimmune pathogenesis depending on the availability of specific checkpoint and costimulatory receptors, and an intact PD-1 pathway is apparently required for inhibition of autoimmunity by anti-CD40L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisaveta Voynova
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Group, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Tamer Mahmoud
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Group, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Lucas T. Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Gary A. Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Rachel Ettinger
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Group, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Helen Braley-Mullen
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
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33
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Tanaka Y, Sotome T, Inoue A, Mukozu T, Kuwabara T, Mikami T, Kowhi-Shigematsu T, Kondo M. SATB1 Conditional Knockout Results in Sjögren's Syndrome in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:4016-4022. [PMID: 29127143 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease in which exocrine tissues are affected by cellular and humoral immunity. As a result, the salivary and lacrimal glands of patients with SS are damaged, leading to xerostomia (dry mouth) and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes). Because experimental approaches to investigate SS pathogenesis in human patients are limited, development of a mouse model is indispensable for understanding the disease. In this study, we show that special AT-rich sequence binding protein-1 conditional knockout (SATB1cKO) mice, in which the SATB1 gene is specifically deleted from hematopoietic cells, develop SS by 4 wk of age, soon after weaning. Female mice presented an earlier onset of the disease than males, suggesting that female SATB1cKO mice are more susceptible to SS. T cell-dominant immune cell infiltration was observed in the salivary glands of 4 wk old SATB1cKO mice, and the frequency of B cells gradually increased as the mice aged. Consistently, levels of anti-SSA and anti-SSB Abs were increased around 8 wk of age, after salivary production reached its lowest level in SATB1cKO mice. These results suggest that SATB1cKO mice can be a novel SS model, in which the progression and characteristics of the disease resemble those of human SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sotome
- Department of Pediatrics, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Akiko Inoue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.,Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Takanori Mukozu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Taku Kuwabara
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Tetuo Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan; and
| | - Terumi Kowhi-Shigematsu
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Motonari Kondo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan;
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34
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Ross GR, Fabersani E, Russo M, Gómez A, Japaze H, González SN, Gauffin Cano P. Effect of Excess Iodide Intake on Salivary Glands in a Swiss Albino Mice Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6302869. [PMID: 29250546 PMCID: PMC5698784 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6302869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is an important micronutrient required for nutrition. Excess iodine has adverse effects on thyroid, but there is not enough information regarding its effect on salivary glands. In addition to food and iodized salt, skin disinfectants and maternal nutritional supplements contain iodide, so its intake could be excessive during pregnancy, lactation, and infancy. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of excess iodide ingestion on salivary glands during mating, gestation, lactation, and postweaning period in mouse. During assay, mice were allocated into groups: control and treatment groups (received distilled water with NaI 1 mg/mL). Water intake, glandular weight, and histology were analyzed. Treatment groups showed an increase in glandular weight and a significantly (p < 0.05) higher water intake than control groups. Lymphocyte infiltration was observed in animals of treatment groups, while there was no infiltration in glandular sections of control groups. Results demonstrated that a negative relationship could exist between iodide excess and salivary glands. This work is novel evidence that high levels of iodide intake could induce mononuclear infiltration in salivary glands. These results should be considered, especially in pregnant/lactating women, to whom a higher iodine intake is usually recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Romina Ross
- Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino (UNSTA), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Fabersani
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Matías Russo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Alba Gómez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Hugo Japaze
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia Nelina González
- Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Paola Gauffin Cano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino (UNSTA), Tucumán, Argentina
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
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35
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Meng Z, Klinngam W, Edman MC, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Interferon-γ treatment in vitro elicits some of the changes in cathepsin S and antigen presentation characteristic of lacrimal glands and corneas from the NOD mouse model of Sjögren's Syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184781. [PMID: 28902875 PMCID: PMC5597228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and impaired secretion by lacrimal and salivary glands are hallmarks of the autoimmune disease, Sjögren’s Syndrome. These changes in the lacrimal gland promote dryness and inflammation of the ocular surface, causing pain, irritation and corneal damage. The changes that initiate and sustain autoimmune inflammation in the lacrimal gland are not well-established. Here we demonstrate that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is significantly elevated in lacrimal gland and tears of the male NOD mouse, a model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis which exhibits many ocular characteristics of Sjögren’s Syndrome, by 12 weeks of age early in lacrimal gland inflammation. Working either with primary cultured lacrimal gland acinar cells from BALB/c mice and/or rabbits, in vitro IFN-γ treatment for 48 hr decreased expression of Rab3D concurrent with increased expression of cathepsin S. Although total cellular cathepsin S activity was not commensurately increased, IFN-γ treated lacrimal gland acinar cells showed a significant increase in carbachol-stimulated secretion of cathepsin S similar to the lacrimal gland in disease. In vitro IFN-γ treatment did not increase the expression of most components of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-mediated antigen presentation although antigen presentation was slightly but significantly stimulated in primary cultured lacrimal gland acinar cells. However, exposure of cultured human corneal epithelial cells to IFN-γ more robustly increased expression and activity of cathepsin S in parallel with increased expression and function of MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation. We propose that early elevations in IFN-γ contribute to specific features of ocular disease pathology in Sjögren’s Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Wannita Klinngam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maria C. Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Kim KH, Kim DH, Jeong HJ, Ryu JS, Kim YJ, Oh JY, Kim MK, Wee WR. Effects of subconjunctival administration of anti-high mobility group box 1 on dry eye in a mouse model of Sjӧgren's syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183678. [PMID: 28837629 PMCID: PMC5570279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) acts as a damage associated molecular pattern molecule through the Toll-like receptor to promote autoreactive B cell activation, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of Sjӧgren’s syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subconjunctival administration of anti-HMGB1 on dry eye in a mouse model of Sjӧgren’s syndrome. Methods Ten weeks-old NOD.B10.H2b mice were subconjunctivally injected with 0.02 to 2 μg of anti-HMGB1 antibodies or PBS twice a week for two consecutive weeks. Tear volume and corneal staining scores were measured and compared between before- and after-treatment. Goblet cell density was counted in PAS stained forniceal conjunctiva and inflammatory foci score (>50 cells/focus) was measured in extraorbital glands. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the changes in BrdU+ cells, IL-17-, IL-10-, or IFNγ-secreting cells, functional B cells, and IL-22 secreting innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in cervical lymph nodes. The level of IL-22 in intraorbital glands was measured by ELISA. Results Injection of 2 μg or 0.02 μg anti-HMGB1 attenuated corneal epithelial erosions and increased tear secretion (p<0.05). Goblet cell density was increased in 0.2 μg and 2 μg anti-HMGB1-treated-mice with marginal significance. The inflammatory foci score, and the number of BrdU+ cells, IL-17-, IL-10-, IFNγ-secreting cells, and functional B cells did not significantly change following anti-HMGB1 treatment. Surprisingly, the percentage of ILC3s was significantly increased in the draining lymph nodes (p<0.05), and the expression of IL-22 was significantly increased in the intraorbital glands (p<0.05) after administration of 2 μg anti-HMGB1. Conclusion This study shows that subconjunctival administration of anti-HMGB1 attenuates clinical manifestations of dry eye. The improvement of dry eye may involve an increase of ILC3s, rather than modulation of B or plasma cells, as shown using a mouse model of Sjӧgren’s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Hwan Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Jeong
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Youn Oh
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Won Ryang Wee
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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37
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Azzam KM, Madenspacher JH, Cain DW, Lai L, Gowdy KM, Rai P, Janardhan K, Clayton N, Cunningham W, Jensen H, Patel PS, Kearney JF, Taylor GA, Fessler MB. Irgm1 coordinately regulates autoimmunity and host defense at select mucosal surfaces. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91914. [PMID: 28814662 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disease that targets the mucosa of exocrine tissues, is poorly understood. Although several mouse models have been developed that display features of SS, most of these are within the larger context of a lupus-like presentation. Immunity-related GTPase family M protein 1 (Irgm1) is an interferon-inducible cytoplasmic GTPase that is reported to regulate autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we report that naive Irgm1-/- mice display lymphocytic infiltration of multiple mucosal tissues including the lung in a manner reminiscent of SS, together with IgA class-predominant autoantibodies including anti-Ro and anti-La. This phenotype persists in the germ-free state, but is abolished by deletion of Irgm3. Irgm1-/- mice have increased local production in the lung of TECP15-idiotype IgA, a natural antibody with dual reactivity against host and pneumococcal phosphorylcholine. Associated with this, Irgm1-/- mice display enhanced opsonization and clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the lung and increased survival from pneumococcal pneumonia. Taken together, our results identify Irgm1 as a master regulator of mucosal immunity that dually modulates evolutionarily conserved self- and other-directed immune responses at the interface of host with environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Derek W Cain
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lihua Lai
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory and
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Prashant Rai
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory and
| | - Kyathanahalli Janardhan
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natasha Clayton
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Willie Cunningham
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heather Jensen
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Preeyam S Patel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John F Kearney
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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38
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Barr JY, Wang X, Meyerholz DK, Lieberman SM. CD8 T cells contribute to lacrimal gland pathology in the nonobese diabetic mouse model of Sjögren syndrome. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:684-694. [PMID: 28465508 PMCID: PMC5595634 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by targeted destruction of the lacrimal and salivary glands resulting in symptoms of severe ocular and oral dryness. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms driving autoimmune manifestations are unclear. In patients and in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of Sjögren syndrome, lymphocytic infiltrates consist of CD4 and CD8 T cells, although the role of CD8 T cells in disease pathogenesis has been largely unexplored. Here, we evaluated the contribution of CD8 T cells to lacrimal and salivary gland autoimmunity. Within the lacrimal and salivary glands of NOD mice, CD8 T cells were proliferating, expressed an activated phenotype, and produced inflammatory cytokines. Transfer of purified CD8 T cells isolated from the cervical lymph nodes (LNs) of NOD mice into NOD-severe combined immunodeficiency recipients resulted in inflammation of the lacrimal glands, but was not sufficient to cause inflammation of the salivary glands. Lacrimal gland-infiltrating CD8 T cells displayed a cytotoxic phenotype, and epithelial cell damage in the lacrimal glands was observed in recipients of CD8 T cells regardless of the presence of CD4 T cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CD8 T cells have a pathogenic role in lacrimal gland autoimmunity. The gland-specific pathogenicity of CD8 T cells makes them a valuable resource to further understand the mechanisms that discriminate lacrimal versus salivary gland autoimmunity and for the development of new therapeutics that target the early stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Barr
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Scott M Lieberman
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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39
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Peck AB, Nguyen CQ. What can Sjögren's syndrome-like disease in mice contribute to human Sjögren's syndrome? Clin Immunol 2017; 182:14-23. [PMID: 28478104 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and Sjögren's syndrome-like (SS-like) disease in patients and mouse models, respectively, have been intensely investigated in attempts to identify the underlying etiologies, the pathophysiological changes defining disease phenotypes, the nature of the autoimmune responses, and the propensity for developing B cell lymphomas. An emerging question is whether the generation of a multitude of mouse models and the data obtained from their studies is actually important to the understanding of the human disease and potential interventional therapies. In this brief report, we comment on how and why mouse models can stimulate interest in specific lines of research that apparently parallel aspects of human SS. Focusing on two mouse models, NOD and B6·Il14α, we present the possible relevance of mouse models to human SS, highlighting a few selected disease-associated biological processes that have baffled both SS and SS-like investigations for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B Peck
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, FL 32608, USA
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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41
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Xu T, Xie W, Ma Y, Zhou S, Zhang L, Chen J, Cai M, Sun R, Zhang P, Yu S, Xu Z, Jiang W, Wu M. Leptin/OB-R signaling is elevated in mice with Sjögren's syndrome and is implicated in disease pathogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:835-842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Dry eye disease and uveitis: A closer look at immune mechanisms in animal models of two ocular autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:1181-1192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Multiple Roles for B-Lymphocytes in Sjogren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5100087. [PMID: 27740602 PMCID: PMC5086589 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a complex heterogeneous autoimmune disease resulting in loss of salivary gland and lacrimal gland function that may include multiple systemic manifestations including lymphoma. Multiple cell types participate in disease pathogenesis. This review discusses evidence for abnormal B cell subpopulations in patients with SS, critical roles of B cells in SS and the status of B cell–directed therapies in the management of patients with SS.
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44
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Haskett S, Ding J, Zhang W, Thai A, Cullen P, Xu S, Petersen B, Kuznetsov G, Jandreski L, Hamann S, Reynolds TL, Allaire N, Zheng TS, Mingueneau M. Identification of Novel CD4+ T Cell Subsets in the Target Tissue of Sjögren's Syndrome and Their Differential Regulation by the Lymphotoxin/LIGHT Signaling Axis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3806-3819. [PMID: 27815440 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite being one of the most common rheumatologic diseases, there is still no disease-modifying drug for primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Advancing our knowledge of the target tissue has been limited by the low dimensionality of histology techniques and the small size of human salivary gland biopsies. In this study, we took advantage of a molecularly validated mouse model of pSS to characterize tissue-infiltrating CD4+ T cells and their regulation by the lymphotoxin/LIGHT signaling axis. Novel cell subsets were identified by combining highly dimensional flow and mass cytometry with transcriptomic analyses. Pharmacologic modulation of the LTβR signaling pathway was achieved by treating mice with LTβR-Ig, a therapeutic intervention currently being tested in pSS patients (Baminercept trial NCT01552681). Using these approaches, we identified two novel CD4+ T cell subsets characterized by high levels of PD1: Prdm1+ effector regulatory T cells expressing immunoregulatory factors, such as Il10, Areg, Fgl2, and Itgb8, and Il21+ effector conventional T cells expressing a pathogenic transcriptional signature. Mirroring these observations in mice, large numbers of CD4+PD1+ T cells were detected in salivary glands from Sjögren's patients but not in normal salivary glands or kidney biopsies from lupus nephritis patients. Unexpectedly, LTβR-Ig selectively halted the recruitment of PD1- naive, but not PD1+, effector T cells to the target tissue, leaving the cells with pathogenic potential unaffected. Altogether, this study revealed new cellular players in pSS pathogenesis, their transcriptional signatures, and differential dependency on the lymphotoxin/LIGHT signaling axis that help to interpret the negative results of the Baminercept trial and will guide future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Ding
- Immunology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Wei Zhang
- Immunology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Alice Thai
- Immunology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - Shanqin Xu
- Immunology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Norm Allaire
- Immunology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142
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45
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Kayes TD, Weisman GA, Camden JM, Woods LT, Bredehoeft C, Downey EF, Cole J, Braley-Mullen H. New Murine Model of Early Onset Autoimmune Thyroid Disease/Hypothyroidism and Autoimmune Exocrinopathy of the Salivary Gland. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2119-30. [PMID: 27521344 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sixty to seventy percent of IFN-γ(-/-) NOD.H-2h4 mice given sodium iodide (NaI)-supplemented water develop a slow onset autoimmune thyroid disease, characterized by thyrocyte epithelial cell (TEC) hyperplasia and proliferation (H/P). TEC H/P develops much earlier in CD28(-/-) mice and nearly 100% (both sexes) have severe TEC H/P at 4 mo of age. Without NaI supplementation, 50% of 5- to 6-mo-old CD28(-/-)IFN-γ(-/-) mice develop severe TEC H/P, and 2-3 wk of NaI is sufficient for optimal development of severe TEC H/P. Mice with severe TEC H/P are hypothyroid, and normalization of serum thyroxine levels does not reduce TEC H/P. Activated CD4(+) T cells are sufficient to transfer TEC H/P to SCID recipients. Thyroids of mice with TEC H/P have infiltrating T cells and expanded numbers of proliferating thyrocytes that highly express CD40. CD40 facilitates, but is not required for, development of severe TEC H/P, as CD40(-/-)IFN-γ(-/-)CD28(-/-) mice develop severe TEC H/P. Accelerated development of TEC H/P in IFN-γ(-/-)CD28(-/-) mice is a result of reduced regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers, as CD28(-/-) mice have significantly fewer Tregs, and transfer of CD28(+) Tregs inhibits TEC H/P. Essentially all female IFN-γ(-/-)CD28(-/-) NOD.H-2h4 mice have substantial lymphocytic infiltration of salivary glands and reduced salivary flow by 6 mo of age, thereby providing an excellent new model of autoimmune exocrinopathy of the salivary gland. This is one of very few models where autoimmune thyroid disease and hypothyroidism develop in most mice by 4 mo of age. This model will be useful for studying the effects of hypothyroidism on multiple organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; and
| | - Jean M Camden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; and
| | - Lucas T Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; and
| | - Cole Bredehoeft
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Edward F Downey
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - James Cole
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Helen Braley-Mullen
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
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46
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Abstract
We compiled information on antibodies in Sjögren syndrome, focusing more on clinical manifestations associated with anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies and studies regarding novel antibodies. We reviewed previous as well as most recent studies with the subject heading Sjogren in combination with antibodies and congenital heart block (CHB). Almost half of asymptomatic mothers giving birth to children with CHB ultimately develop Sjögren. We discussed studies concerning the presence of antibodies predating clinical manifestations of disease. Studies in the future are required to ascertain the pathogenic mechanisms associated with these antibodies and the specific clinical manifestation related to new autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Fayyaz
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast, 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, 1000 N Lincoln Boulevard, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Medical and Research Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Biji T Kurien
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast, 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, 1000 N Lincoln Boulevard, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Medical and Research Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast, 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, 1000 N Lincoln Boulevard, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Medical and Research Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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47
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Ding J, Zhang W, Haskett S, Pellerin A, Xu S, Petersen B, Jandreski L, Hamann S, Reynolds TL, Zheng TS, Mingueneau M. BAFF overexpression increases lymphocytic infiltration in Sjögren's target tissue, but only inefficiently promotes ectopic B-cell differentiation. Clin Immunol 2016; 169:69-79. [PMID: 27352977 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) levels are increased in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). However, BAFF contribution to pathogenesis is not completely understood. In pSS, immune infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands leads to xerostomia and xerophtalmia. Glandular B cell hyperactivation, differentiation into germinal center (GC)-like structures and plasma cell accumulation are histopathological hallmarks that were attributed to increased BAFF. Here, we experimentally tested this hypothesis by overexpressing BAFF in a mouse model of pSS. BAFF overexpression enhanced lymphocytic infiltration and MHCII expression on B cells. Increased BAFF also induced B cell differentiation into GC B cells within the autoimmune target tissue. However, even in these conditions, GC B cells only accounted for <1% of glandular B cells, demonstrating that BAFF is not efficiently promoting ectopic GC formation in pSS and warranting further investigation of therapeutics targeting both BAFF and the related TNF-family member APRIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ding
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Scott Haskett
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Alex Pellerin
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Shanqin Xu
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Britta Petersen
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Luke Jandreski
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Stefan Hamann
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Taylor L Reynolds
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Timothy S Zheng
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
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48
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Park YS, Gauna AE, Cha S. Mouse Models of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 21:2350-64. [PMID: 25777752 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150316120024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by immune cell infiltration and progressive injury to the salivary and lacrimal glands. As a consequence, patients with SjS develop xerostomia (dry mouth) and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes). SjS is the third most common rheumatic autoimmune disorder, affecting 4 million Americans with over 90% of patients being female. Current diagnostic criteria for SjS frequently utilize histological examinations of minor salivary glands for immune cell foci, serology for autoantibodies, and dry eye evaluation by corneal or conjunctival staining. SjS can be classified as primary or secondary SjS, depending on whether it occurs alone or in association with other systemic rheumatic conditions, respectively. Clinical manifestations typically become apparent when the disease is relatively advanced in SjS patients, which poses a challenge for early diagnosis and treatment of SjS. Therefore, SjS mouse models, because of their close resemblance to the human SjS, have been extremely valuable to identify early disease markers and to investigate underlying biological and immunological dysregulations. However, it is important to bear in mind that no single mouse model has duplicated all aspects of SjS pathogenesis and clinical features, mainly due to the multifactorial etiology of SjS that includes numerous susceptibility genes and environmental factors. As such, various mouse models have been developed in the field to try to recapitulate SjS. In this review, we focus on recent mouse models of primary SjS xerostomia and describe them under three categories of spontaneous, genetically engineered, and experimentally induced models. In addition, we discuss future perspectives highlighting pros and cons of utilizing mouse models and current demands for improved models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL32610, USA.
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Delaleu N, Mydel P, Brun JG, Jonsson MV, Alimonti A, Jonsson R. Sjögren’s syndrome patients with ectopic germinal centers present with a distinct salivary proteome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:1127-37. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Easley JT, Nelson JW, Mellas RE, Sommakia S, Wu C, Trump B, Baker OJ. Aspirin-Triggered Resolvin D1 Versus Dexamethasone in the Treatment of Sjögren's Syndrome-Like NOD/ShiLtJ Mice - A Pilot Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1. [PMID: 27110599 DOI: 10.23937/2469-5726/1510027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resolvin D1 (RvD1) and its aspirin-triggered epimeric form (AT-RvD1) are endogenous lipid mediators (derived from docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) that control the duration and magnitude of inflammation in models of complex diseases. Our previous studies demonstrated that RvD1-mediated signaling pathways are expressed and active in salivary glands from rodents and humans. Furthermore, treatment of salivary cells with RvD1 blocked TNF-α-mediated inflammatory signals and improved epithelial integrity. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of treatment with AT-RvD1 versus dexamethasone (DEX) on inflammation (i.e., lymphocytic infiltration, cytokine expression and apoptosis) observed in submandibular glands (SMG) from the NOD/ShiLtJ Sjögren's syndrome (SS) mouse model before experimenting with a larger population. NOD/ShiLtJ mice were treated intravenously with NaCl (0.9%, negative control), AT-RvD1 (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) or DEX (4.125-8.25 mg/kg) twice a week for 14 weeks beginning at 4 weeks of age. At 18 weeks of age, SMG were collected for pathological analysis and detection of SS-associated inflammatory genes. The AT-RvD1 treatment alone did not affect lymphocytic infiltration seen in NOD/ShiLtJ mice while DEX partially prevented lymphocytic infiltration. Interestingly, both AT-RvD1 and DEX caused downregulation of SS-associated inflammatory genes and reduction of apoptosis. Results from this pilot study suggest that a systemic treatment with AT-RvD1 and DEX alone attenuated inflammatory responses observed in the NOD/ShiLtJ mice; therefore, they may be considered as potential therapeutic tools in treating SS patients when used alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Easley
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
| | - Joel W Nelson
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
| | - Rachel E Mellas
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
| | - Salah Sommakia
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
| | - Bryan Trump
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
| | - Olga J Baker
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
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