1
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Kløve-Mogensen K, Terp SK, Steffensen R. Comparison of real-time quantitative PCR and two digital PCR platforms to detect copy number variation in FCGR3B. J Immunol Methods 2024; 526:113628. [PMID: 38331313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The importance of structural genetic variants, such as copy number variations (CNVs), in modulating human disease is being increasingly recognized. Several clinical conditions require investigation of human neutrophil antigen (HNA-1), which is encoded by the Fc gamma receptor IIIb gene (FCGR3B), including suspicion of neutropenia, infections, and proactive testing of blood component donors to reduce the potential risk in transfusion. In this study, we compared real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with two digital PCR (dPCR) platforms, namely droplet digital PCR and an array-based platform, to determine copy numbers (CNs) in FCGR3B. We initially tested 400 anonymous blood donors with qPCR using a commercially available TaqMan probe assay (Applied Biosystems) on a Quant Studio 12 Flex. CNs was determined for all 400 tested individuals with CNs ranging from zero to four. Zero copies were detected in 0.2% (1/400), one copy was detected in 3.8% (15/400), two copies were detected in 87.8% (351/400), three copies were detected in 8.0% (32/400), and four copies were detected in 0.2% (1/400) of tested individuals. From this cohort, we selected 32 donors with CNs from zero to four for analyses with Digital Real-Time PCR (dPCR) using Lab on an array (LOAA) on an On-Point analyzer from Optolane Technologies Inc. and the Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) platform from Bio-Rad Laboratories. We compared the obtained CNs of FCGR3B on the three platforms and found full concordance between the CNs obtained. We therefore conclude that all three platforms can be used for quantification of CNs for FCGR3B, and although dPCR has some advantages over qPCR, it was not necessary for reliably estimating CNs of the FCGR3B gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Kløve-Mogensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Simone Karlsson Terp
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
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2
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Kløve-Mogensen K, Steffensen R, Masmas TN, Glenthøj A, Jensen CF, Haunstrup TM, Ratcliffe P, Höglund P, Hasle H, Nielsen KR. Genetic variations in low-to-medium-affinity Fcγ receptors and autoimmune neutropenia in early childhood in a Danish cohort. Int J Immunogenet 2023; 50:65-74. [PMID: 36754570 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) in early childhood is caused by autoantibodies directed against antigens on the neutrophil membrane and is a frequent cause of neutropenia in children. Association of AIN with Fcγ receptor (FCGR) 3B variants is well described. In this study, we investigate genetic variations in the FCGR locus and copy number variation of FCGR3B. A total of 130 antibody-positive AIN patients, 64 with specific anti-HNA-1a antibodies and 66 with broad-reacting anti-FcγRIIIb antibodies, were genotyped with a multiplex ligation probe assay and compared with healthy controls. Positive findings were confirmed with real-time q-PCR. We determined copy numbers of the FCGR2 and FCGR3 genes and the following SNPs: FCGR2A Q62W (rs201218628), FCGR2A H166R (rs1801274), FCGR2B I232T (rs1050501), FCGR3A V176F (rs396991), haplotypes for FCGR2B/C promoters (rs3219018/rs780467580), FCGR2C STOP/ORF and HNA-1 genotypes in FCGR3B (rs447536, rs448740, rs52820103, rs428888 and rs2290834). Generally, associations were antibody specific, with all associations being representative of the anti-HNA-1a-positive group, while the only association found in the anti-FcγRIIIb group was with the HNA-1 genotype. An increased risk of AIN was observed for patients with one copy of FCGR3B; the HNA genotypes HNA-1a, HNA-1aa or HNA-1aac; the FCGR2A 166H and FCGR2B 232I variations; and no copies of FCGR2B 2B.4. A decreased risk was observed for HNA genotype HNA-1bb; FCGR2A 166R; FCGR2B 232T; and one copy of FCGR2B promoter 2B.4. We conclude that in our Danish cohort, there was a strong association between variation in the FCGR locus and AIN. The findings of different genetic associations between autoantibody groups could indicate the presence of two different disease entities and disease heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Kløve-Mogensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tania Nicole Masmas
- Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunodeficiency, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Glenthøj
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Friis Jensen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thure Mors Haunstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Paul Ratcliffe
- Department of medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Höglund
- Department of medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kaspar René Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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3
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Association of Fc Gamma Receptor 3B Gene Copy Number Variation with Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122238. [PMID: 36553504 PMCID: PMC9778311 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variations such as copy number variants (CNVs) have been associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. In this study, we explored the association of the Fc gamma receptor 3B gene (FCGR3B) copy number variation (CNV) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility and related serological traits in the Pakistani population. We also performed a meta-analysis of four published FCGR3B CNV studies along with the current study. A total of 927 subjects (597 RA cases, 330 healthy controls) were recruited from three rheumatology centers in Pakistan. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and rheumatoid factor (RF) were measured in RA patients. FCGR3B copy number was assayed using the TaqMan® CN assay (Hs04211858_cn, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and the copy number was estimated by using CopyCaller® software (version 2.1; Applied Biosystems, USA). Logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of RA risk associated with FCGR3B CNV using sex and age as covariates in R. Meta-analysis on four previously published studies and the current study was performed using the random-effect model. We observed a significant association between FCGR3B copy number < 2 and RA susceptibility (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.22; p = 0.0259) and anti-CCP seropositivity (OR 2.56; 95% CI: 1.34 to 4.89; p = 0.0045). A non-significant association of FCGR3B copy number < 2 was also observed between increased rheumatoid factor (RF) seropositivity (OR = 1.74; 95% CI:0.93 to 3.26; p = 0.0816). Meta-analysis on 13,915 subjects (7005 RA cases and 6907 controls) also showed significant association of copy number < 2 with the increased risk of RA (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.56; p = 0.00671). FCGR3B copy number < 2 is associated with increased RA risk and anti-CCP seropositivity.
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4
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Song RH, Gao CQ, Zhao J, Zhang JA. An Update Evolving View of Copy Number Variations in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Genet 2022; 12:794348. [PMID: 35126462 PMCID: PMC8810490 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.794348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) usually share possible common mechanisms, i.e., a defect in the immune tolerance exists due to diverse causes from central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms. Some genetic variations including copy number variations (CNVs) are known to link to several AIDs and are of importance in the susceptibility to AIDs and the potential therapeutic responses to medicines. As an important source of genetic variants, DNA CNVs have been shown to be very common in AIDs, implying these AIDs may possess possible common mechanisms. In addition, some CNVs are differently distributed in various diseases in different ethnic populations, suggesting that AIDs may have their own different phenotypes and different genetic and/or environmental backgrounds among diverse populations. Due to the continuous advancement in genotyping technology, such as high-throughput whole-genome sequencing method, more susceptible variants have been found. Moreover, further replication studies should be conducted to confirm the results of studies with different ethnic cohorts and independent populations. In this review, we aim to summarize the most relevant data that emerged in the past few decades on the relationship of CNVs and AIDs and gain some new insights into the issue.
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5
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Minguela A, Salido EJ, Soto-Ramírez MF, Olga MA, Leal JD, García-Garay MC, Periago A, Berenguer M, Blanque M, Campillo JA. Low-affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B (FcγRIIIB, CD16B) deficiency in patients with blood and immune system disorders. Br J Haematol 2021; 195:743-747. [PMID: 34544201 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low-affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B (FcγRIIIB) deficiency is present in ˜0·05% of the general population. Among our patients, FcγRIIIB deficiency was less frequent in those with immune-system disorders (one of 1815 patients, 0·05%) than in those with blood disorders (nine of 2147 patients, 0·42%, P = 0·023): mainly primary immune thrombocytopenia (4·34%), therapy related myeloid neoplasms (1·16%) and myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts (1·28%). Four of the nine (44·4%) patients with blood disorders were diagnosed with or quickly evolved to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), suggesting that FcγRIIIB deficiency could be an adverse prognostic factor for progression to AML that should be confirmed in large multicentre studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrrixaca (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Eduardo J Salido
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.,Hematology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrrixaca (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain
| | - María F Soto-Ramírez
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrrixaca (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Montes-Ares Olga
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrrixaca (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan D Leal
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.,Hematology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrrixaca (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain
| | - María C García-Garay
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.,Hematology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrrixaca (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain
| | - Adela Periago
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.,Hematology Service, Hospital Rafael Méndez, Lorca, Spain
| | - Mercedes Berenguer
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.,Hematology Service, General University Hospital Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanque
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.,Hematology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrrixaca (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain
| | - José A Campillo
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrrixaca (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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6
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Spondyloarthritis in North Africa: an update. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:3401-3410. [PMID: 33559776 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been less well studied than rheumatoid arthritis in North Africa, due to a belief that it is rare and benign in certain populations. The main genetic trait of SpA is its association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27. The distribution of this allele largely explains the prevalence and severity of SpA. The prevalence of HLA-B27 in the general population of North Africa is estimated at about 4%, and rises to about 60% among people affected with SpA. Coxitis is one of the main features of North African SpA, but the response to treatment is comparable to the literature from the West. The major challenge in North Africa remains accessibility to specialized care and means of early diagnosis. Prevalent infections in North Africa do not seem to be a major obstacle to optimal treatment strategies.
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7
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Association of VPREB1 Gene Copy Number Variation and Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:7189626. [PMID: 33101545 PMCID: PMC7568136 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7189626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Copy number variation (CNV) is a structural variation in the human genome that has been associated with multiple clinical phenotypes. B cells are important components of rheumatoid arthritis- (RA-) mediated immune response; hence, CNV in the regulators of B cells (such as VPREB1) can influence RA susceptibility. In this study, we aimed to explore the association of CNV in the VPREB1 gene with RA susceptibility in the Pakistani population. Methods A total of 1,106 subjects (616 RA cases, 490 healthy controls) were selected from three rheumatology centers in Pakistan. VPREB1 CNV was determined using the TaqMan® CN assay (Hs02879734_cn, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA), and CNV was estimated by using CopyCaller® (version 2.1; Applied Biosystems, USA) software. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated by logistic regression with sex and age as covariates in R. Results A significant association between >2 VPREB1 CNV and RA risk was observed with an OR of 3.92 (95% CI: 1.27 - 12.12; p = 0.01746) in the total sample. Whereas <2 CNV showed a significantly protective effect against RA risk in women with an OR of 0.48 (95% CI: 0.29-0.79; p = 0.00381). Conclusion CNV > 2 of VPREB1 is a risk factor for RA in the total Pakistani population, while CNV < 2 is protective in women.
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8
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Nagelkerke SQ, Schmidt DE, de Haas M, Kuijpers TW. Genetic Variation in Low-To-Medium-Affinity Fcγ Receptors: Functional Consequences, Disease Associations, and Opportunities for Personalized Medicine. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2237. [PMID: 31632391 PMCID: PMC6786274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc-gamma receptors (FcγR) are the cellular receptors for Immunoglobulin G (IgG). Upon binding of complexed IgG, FcγRs can trigger various cellular immune effector functions, thereby linking the adaptive and innate immune systems. In humans, six classic FcγRs are known: one high-affinity receptor (FcγRI) and five low-to-medium-affinity FcγRs (FcγRIIA, -B and -C, FcγRIIIA and -B). In this review we describe the five genes encoding the low-to-medium -affinity FcγRs (FCGR2A, FCGR2B, FCGR2C, FCGR3A, and FCGR3B), including well-characterized functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), haplotypes as well as copy number variants (CNVs), which occur in distinct copy number regions across the locus. The evolution of the locus is also discussed. Importantly, we recommend a consistent nomenclature of genetic variants in the FCGR2/3 locus. Next, we focus on the relevance of genetic variation in the FCGR2/3 locus in auto-immune and auto-inflammatory diseases, highlighting pathophysiological insights that are informed by genetic association studies. Finally, we illustrate how specific FcγR variants relate to variation in treatment responses and prognosis amongst autoimmune diseases, cancer and transplant immunology, suggesting novel opportunities for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietse Q Nagelkerke
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David E Schmidt
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Sanquin Research, Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Leiden, Netherlands.,Jon J. van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Science, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Wang Y, Jönsson F. Expression, Role, and Regulation of Neutrophil Fcγ Receptors. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1958. [PMID: 31507592 PMCID: PMC6718464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are best known for their critical role in host defense, for which they utilize multiple innate immune mechanisms, including microbe-associated pattern recognition, phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, and the release of potent proteases, mediators, antimicrobials, and neutrophil extracellular traps. Beyond their well-established contribution to innate immunity, neutrophils were more recently reported to interact with various other cell types, including cells from the adaptive immune system, thereby enabling neutrophils to tune the overall immune response of the host. Neutrophils express different receptors for IgG antibodies (Fcγ receptors), which facilitate the engulfment of IgG-opsonized microbes and trigger cell activation upon cross-linking of several receptors. Indeed, FcγRs (via IgG antibodies) confer neutrophils with a key feature of the adaptive immunity: an antigen-specific cell response. This review summarizes the expression and function of FcγRs on human neutrophils in health and disease and how they are affected by polymorphisms in the FCGR loci. Additionally, we will discuss the role of neutrophils in providing help to marginal zone B cells for the production of antibodies, which in turn may trigger neutrophil effector functions when engaging FcγRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR 1222 INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Diderot Paris VII, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR 1222 INSERM, Paris, France
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10
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Dahmani CA, Benzaoui A, Amroun H, Zemani-Fodil F, Petit-Teixeira E, Boudjema A. Association study of copy number variants in CCL3L1, FCGR3A and FCGR3B genes with risk of ankylosing spondylitis in a West Algerian population. Int J Immunogenet 2019; 46:437-443. [PMID: 31433132 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were explored in the Algerian population to evaluate associated ankylosing spondylitis (AS) genetic risk factors, but no study has identified the impact of copy number variations (CNVs). The aim of the study was to determine whether CNVs of CCL3L1, FCGR3A and FCGR3B genes were also associated with the susceptibility of AS disease in Algerian population. The data set of the current study is composed of 81 patients with AS and 119 healthy controls. All samples were genotyped by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Chi-square test and OR calculation were used to evaluate association between CNVs and AS and the risk associated with copy numbers (CN). In results, FCGR3A CN less than two copies (<2) was significantly increased in spondylitis patients (p = .0001, OR = 7.74 [2.32-25.74]). Additionally, FCGR3A CN < 2 copies association was present only in HLA-B27 (-) patients. We have concluded that FCGR3A deletions have an independent effect on AS regarding HLA-B27 status. This is the first study that investigated the CCL3L1 CNVs in relation to AS risk disease. It reveals that CCL3L1 and FCGR3B CNVs may not be involved in susceptibility to AS risk in the Algerian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahinez Amira Dahmani
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire/Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf (USTO-MB), Oran, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Benzaoui
- Service de Rhumatologie/Centre Hospitalo-universitaire d'Oran (CHUO), Oran, Algeria
| | - Habiba Amroun
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique et de Transplantation, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie à Alger, Oran, Algeria
| | - Faouzia Zemani-Fodil
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire/Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf (USTO-MB), Oran, Algeria
| | | | - Abdallah Boudjema
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire/Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf (USTO-MB), Oran, Algeria
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11
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Treffers LW, van Houdt M, Bruggeman CW, Heineke MH, Zhao XW, van der Heijden J, Nagelkerke SQ, Verkuijlen PJJH, Geissler J, Lissenberg-Thunnissen S, Valerius T, Peipp M, Franke K, van Bruggen R, Kuijpers TW, van Egmond M, Vidarsson G, Matlung HL, van den Berg TK. FcγRIIIb Restricts Antibody-Dependent Destruction of Cancer Cells by Human Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3124. [PMID: 30761158 PMCID: PMC6363688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the low-affinity IgG-receptor FcγRIIIb (CD16b), which is uniquely and abundantly expressed on human granulocytes, is not clear. Unlike the other Fcγ receptors (FcγR), it is a glycophosphatidyl inositol (GPI) -anchored molecule and does not have intracellular signaling motifs. Nevertheless, FcγRIIIb can cooperate with other FcγR to promote phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized microbes by human neutrophils. Here we have investigated the role of FcγRIIIb during antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by neutrophils toward solid cancer cells coated with either trastuzumab (anti-HER2) or cetuximab (anti-EGFR). Inhibiting FcγRIIIb using CD16-F(ab')2 blocking antibodies resulted in substantially enhanced ADCC. ADCC was completely dependent on FcγRIIa (CD32a) and the enhanced ADCC seen after FcγRIIIb blockade therefore suggested that FcγRIIIb was competing with FcγRIIa for IgG on the opsonized target cells. Interestingly, the function of neutrophil FcγRIIIb as a decoy receptor was further supported by using neutrophils from individuals with different gene copy numbers of FCGR3B causing different levels of surface FcγRIIIb expression. Individuals with one copy of FCGR3B showed higher levels of ADCC compared to those with two or more copies. Finally, we show that therapeutic antibodies intended to improve FcγRIIIa (CD16a)-dependent natural killer (NK) cell ADCC due to the lack of fucosylation on the N-linked glycan at position N297 of the IgG1 heavy chain Fc-region, show decreased ADCC as compared to regularly fucosylated antibodies. Together, these data confirm FcγRIIIb as a negative regulator of neutrophil ADCC toward tumor cells and a potential target for enhancing tumor cell destruction by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise W Treffers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel van Houdt
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christine W Bruggeman
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke H Heineke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xi Wen Zhao
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joris van der Heijden
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sietse Q Nagelkerke
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul J J H Verkuijlen
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judy Geissler
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katka Franke
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Md Bakri N, Ramachandran V, Hoo FK, Subrayan V, Isa H, Ngah NF, Mohamad NA, Ching SM, Chan YM, Ismail P, Ismail F, Sukiman ES, Wan Sulaiman WA. Copy number variation in VEGF gene as a biomarker of susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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13
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Bakri NM, Ramachandran V, Kee HF, Subrayan V, Isa H, Ngah NF, Mohamad NA, Mooi CS, Mun CY, Ismail P, Ismail F, Sukiman ES, Wan Sulaiman WA. Association of copy number variations in complement factor H-Related genes among age-related macular degenerative subjects. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:602-608. [PMID: 29132549 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most widely recognised cause of irreversible vision loss and previous studies have suggested that the advancement of wet AMD is influenced by both modifiable and non-modifiable elements. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and copy number of variations (CNVs) have been associated with AMD in various populations, however the results are conflicting. Our aim is to determine the CNVs of Complement Factor H-Related genes among Malaysian subjects with wet AMD. 130 patients with wet AMD and 120 healthy controls were included in this research. DNA was extracted from all subjects and CNVs of CFH, CFHR1 and CFHR3 genes; determined using quantitative real-time PCR and were compared between the two groups. A consistent association was observed between CFH gene and wet AMD susceptibility (P < 0.05). The age-adjusted data suggests a possible increased risk of AMD disease (P < 0.05). No correlation was detected between CNVs and wet AMD for the remaining genes after we compared the frequencies of mean for that gene. An association was observed between CFH CNVs and wet AMD in the Malaysian population, however, strong evidence of a link with wet AMD was not found. Further investigative studies are needed using larger sample sizes to elucidate the role of CNVs in AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norshakimah Md Bakri
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Vasudevan Ramachandran
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia.
| | - Hoo Fan Kee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Visvaraja Subrayan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusat Perubatan Universiti of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazlita Isa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Nur Afiqah Mohamad
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Ching Siew Mooi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Chan Yoke Mun
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Patimah Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Fazliana Ismail
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusat Perubatan Universiti of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Erma Suryana Sukiman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Wan Alia Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
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Rahbari R, Zuccherato LW, Tischler G, Chihota B, Ozturk H, Saleem S, Tarazona‐Santos E, Machado LR, Hollox EJ. Understanding the Genomic Structure of Copy-Number Variation of the Low-Affinity Fcγ Receptor Region Allows Confirmation of the Association of FCGR3B Deletion with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:390-399. [PMID: 27995740 PMCID: PMC5363352 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fcγ receptors are a family of cell-surface receptors that are expressed by a host of different innate and adaptive immune cells, and mediate inflammatory responses by binding the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G. In humans, five low-affinity receptors are encoded by the genes FCGR2A, FCGR2B, FCGR2C, FCGR3A, and FCGR3B, which are located in an 82.5-kb segmental tandem duplication on chromosome 1q23.3, which shows extensive copy-number variation (CNV). Deletions of FCGR3B have been suggested to increase the risk of inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we identify the deletion breakpoints of FCGR3B deletion alleles in the UK population and endogamous native American population, and show that some but not all alleles are likely to be identical-by-descent. We also localize a duplication breakpoint, confirming that the mechanism of CNV generation is nonallelic homologous recombination, and identify several alleles with gene conversion events using fosmid sequencing data. We use information on the structure of the deletion alleles to distinguish FCGR3B deletions from FCGR3A deletions in whole-genome array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data. Reanalysis of published aCGH data using this approach supports association of FCGR3B deletion with increased risk of RA in a large cohort of 1,982 cases and 3,271 controls (odds ratio 1.61, P = 2.9×10-3 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Rahbari
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Luciana W Zuccherato
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom
- Departmento de Biologia GeralInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Belinda Chihota
- School of HealthUniversity of NorthamptonNorthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hasret Ozturk
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Sara Saleem
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Tarazona‐Santos
- Departmento de Biologia GeralInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Lee R Machado
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom
- School of HealthUniversity of NorthamptonNorthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Edward J Hollox
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Few previous published papers reported copy number variations of genes could affect the predisposition of Graves' disease (GD). Herein, the aim of this study was to explore the association between copy number variations (CNV) profile and GD. METHODS The preliminary copy number microarray used to screen copy number variant genes was performed in 6 GD patients. Five CNV candidate genes (CFH, CFHR1, KIAA0125, UGT2B15, and UGT2B17) were then validated in an independent set of samples (50 GD patients and 50 matched healthy ones) by the Accucopy assay method. The CNV of the other 2 genes TRY6 and CCL3L1 was investigated in 144 GD patients and 144 healthy volunteers by the definitive genotyping technique using the Taqman quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (Taqman qPCR). TRY6 gene-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs13230029, was genotyped by the PCR-ligase detection reaction (LDR) in 675 GD patients and 898 healthy controls. RESULTS There were no correlation of the gene copy number (GCN) of CFH, CFHR1, KIAA0125, UGT2B15, and UGT2B17 with GD. In comparison with that of controls, the GCN distribution of TRY6 and CCL3L1 in GD patients did not show significantly differ (P > 0.05). Furthermore, TRY6-related polymorphism (rs13230029) showed no difference between GD patients and controls. No correlation was found between CNV or SNP genotype and clinical phenotypes. Generally, there were no link of the copy numbers of several genes, including CFH, CFHR1, KIAA0125, UGT2B15, UGT2B17, TRY6, and CCL3L1 to GD. CONCLUSION Our results clearly indicated that the copy number variations of multiple genes, namely CFH, CFHR1, KIAA0125, UGT2B15, UGT2B17, TRY6, and CCL3L1, were not associated with the development of GD.
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Wang L, Yang X, Cai G, Xin L, Xia Q, Zhang X, Li X, Wang M, Wang K, Xia G, Xu S, Xu J, Zou Y, Pan F. Association study of copy number variants in FCGR3A and FCGR3B gene with risk of ankylosing spondylitis in a Chinese population. Rheumatol Int 2015; 36:437-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Lee YH, Bae SC, Seo YH, Kim JH, Choi SJ, Ji JD, Song GG. Association between FCGR3B copy number variations and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:983-91. [PMID: 26407570 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study determined whether FCGR3B copy number variations (CNVs) were associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association between FCGR3B CNVs and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases by comparing low FCGR3B CN (<2 to ≥2) and high FCGR3B CN (>2 to ≤2). RESULTS In all, 28 comparative studies from 15 reports involving 12,160 patients and 11,103 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed a significant association between low FCGR3B CN and autoimmune diseases (OR=1.496, 95% CI=1.301-1.716, p=1.0×10(-9)). Subgroup analysis according to ethnicity indicated an association between low FCGR3B CN and autoimmune diseases in Caucasians (OR=1.482, 95% CI=1.219-1.801, p=7.7×10(-6)) and Asians (OR=1.498, 95% CI=1.306-1.717, p=1.0×10(-9)). Meta-analysis according to the type of autoimmune disease indicated a significant association of low FCGR3B CN with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; OR=1.797, 95% CI=1.562-2.068, p<1.0×10(-9)), primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS; OR=2.263, 95% CI=1.316-3.892, p=0.003), and Wegener's granulomatosis (WG; OR=1.973, 95% CI=1.178-3.302, p=0.010), but not with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; OR=1.333, 95% CI=0.947-1.877, p=0.099). However, the meta-analysis showed no association between high FCGR3B CN and SLE, RA, pSS, and WG. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the results of this meta-analysis indicated that low FCGR3B CN increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, especially SLE, pSS, and WG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 72 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea.
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Seo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 72 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 72 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 72 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea
| | - Jong Dae Ji
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 72 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea
| | - Gwan Gyu Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 72 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea
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Ding N, Yang X, Zhang L, Cai G, Xia Q, Fan D, Li X, Hu Y, Liu L, Xin L, Wang L, Xu S, Xu J, Zou Y, Ding C, Pan F. Association of β-defensin gene copy number variations with ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese population: A case–control study. Mod Rheumatol 2015; 26:146-50. [DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2015.1056930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Chen JY, Wang CM, Chang SW, Cheng CH, Wu YJJ, Lin JC, Yang B, Ho HH, Wu J. Association of FCGR3A and FCGR3B copy number variations with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis in Taiwanese patients. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 66:3113-21. [PMID: 25154742 PMCID: PMC4232894 DOI: 10.1002/art.38813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine whether copy number variations (CNVs) in FCGR3A and FCGR3B are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Taiwanese individuals. Methods FCGR3A and FCGR3B CNV genotypes were determined in 846 patients with SLE, 948 patients with RA, and 1,420 healthy control subjects, using custom TaqMan CNV assays. The FCGR3A and FCGR3B CNV genotypes were compared between healthy control subjects and patients and among patients stratified according to clinical characteristics. Results A low (<2) FCGR3A copy number was significantly associated with SLE (for <2 copies versus 2 copies, P = 5.06 × 10−4, false discovery rate–corrected P [PFDR] = 0.001, odds ratio [OR] 3.26, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.68−6.35) and RA (for <2 copies versus 2 copies, P = 5.83 × 10−4, PFDR = 0.0012, OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.56−5.1). A low FCGR3B copy number was also significantly associated with SLE (for <2 copies versus 2 copies, P = 0.0032, PFDR = 0.0032, OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.17−2.18). Notably, a high (>2) FCGR3A copy number was also associated with SLE (for >2 copies versus 2 copies, P = 0.003, PFDR = 0.0061, OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.17−2.18). Additionally, the FCGR3A low copy number genotype was significantly enriched in subsets of patients with SLE (those with ulcer, arthritis, rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity, nephritis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, depressed complement levels, and autoantibody positivity) and patients with RA (those positive for rheumatoid factor) compared with healthy control subjects. The FCGR3B low copy number genotype was also significantly enriched in SLE patients with ulcer, rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity, ascites, nephritis, complement level depression, and anti–double-stranded DNA antibody positivity compared with control subjects. However, FCGR3B CNVs were not associated with RA susceptibility (for <2 copy numbers versus 2 copy numbers, P = 0.3584, OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.85–1.55) and clinical characteristics. Conclusion In Taiwanese individuals, a low FCGR3A copy number is a common risk factor for SLE and RA, while a low FCGR3B copy number confers a risk of SLE but not RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yih Chen
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan, Republic of China
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20
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Nagelkerke SQ, Kuijpers TW. Immunomodulation by IVIg and the Role of Fc-Gamma Receptors: Classic Mechanisms of Action after all? Front Immunol 2015; 5:674. [PMID: 25653650 PMCID: PMC4301001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous IgG (IVIg) contains polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) from thousands of donors. It is administered at a low dose at regular intervals as antibody replacement therapy and at a higher dose as immunomodulatory treatment in various auto-immune or auto-inflammatory diseases. The working mechanism of immunomodulation is not well understood. Many different explanations have been given. During the last decade, we have focused on classical antibody binding via the Fc-domain of the IgG molecules to the common IgG receptors, i.e. the Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). Variation in the genes encoding human FcγRs determines function as well as expression among immune cells. As described here, NK cells and myeloid cells, including macrophages, can express different FcγR variants, depending on the individual's genotype, copy number variation (CNV), and promoter polymorphisms. B-cells seem to only express the single inhibitory receptor. Although these inhibitory FcγRIIb receptors are also expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and only rarely by NK cells or neutrophils, their presence is unlikely to explain the immunomodulatory capacity of IVIg, nor does the sialylation of IgG. Direct IVIg effects at the level of the activating FcγRs, including the more recently described FcγRIIc, deserve renewed attention to describe IVIg-related immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietse Q Nagelkerke
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
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Almal SH, Padh H. Frequency distribution of autoimmunity associated FCGR3B gene copy number in Indian population. Int J Immunogenet 2014; 42:26-30. [PMID: 25428402 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Amongst several human genome variations, copy number variations (CNVs) are considered as an important source of variability contributing to susceptibility to wide range of diseases. Although CNV is scattered for genes throughout the human genome, several of autoimmunity related genes have CN variation and therefore play an important role in susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. The association of the Fc gamma receptor 3B (FCGR3B) gene copy number in autoimmunity is well characterized in various populations studied. The Fc gamma receptor is a low affinity, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked receptor for IgG molecule predominantly expressed on human neutrophils. The variable gene copy number of FCGR3B is found to be involved in the impaired clearance of immune complexes, which significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type-1 diabetes and others. The FCGR3B copy number ranged from 0 to ≥ 2 copies per diploid genome in other populations, but yet not explored in Indian population. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the variation in the frequency distribution of FCGR3B CNV in Indian population. FCGR3B gene copy number varied significantly when compared to other population of the world. This observation will help us in exploring the potential role of CNV in FCGR3B gene and its association to autoimmune disorders in Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Almal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Thaltej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Wu Y, Zhang Z, Tao L, Chen G, Liu F, Wang T, Xue F, Chen Y, He L, Zheng J, Liu Y. A high copy number of FCGR3B is associated with psoriasis vulgaris in Han Chinese. Dermatology 2014; 229:70-5. [PMID: 25012234 DOI: 10.1159/000360160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variations of FCGR3B are associated with several immune related diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren's syndrome. Little is known about the association between FCGR3B copy number variants and psoriasis. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether FCGR3B copy number variants are associated with susceptibility to psoriasis vulgaris in the Chinese Han population. METHODS 343 psoriasis vulgaris patients and 574 healthy individuals were recruited as cases and controls. TaqMan® Copy Number Assays were performed to quantify the copy numbers in the FCGR3B locus. CopyCaller v1.0 software and R (version 2.15.3) were used to do the subsequent statistical analysis. RESULTS A significant association between psoriasis vulgaris and a high copy number (>2) of FCGR3B was observed (odds ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.09-2.45, p < 0.02). However, the low copy number of FCGR3B was not significantly associated with psoriasis vulgaris. CONCLUSION A high copy number of FCGR3B is associated with psoriasis vulgaris in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Luwan Branch, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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23
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Human gene copy number variation and infectious disease. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1217-33. [PMID: 25110110 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Variability in the susceptibility to infectious disease and its clinical manifestation can be determined by variation in the environment and by genetic variation in the pathogen and the host. Despite several successes based on candidate gene studies, defining the host variation affecting infectious disease has not been as successful as for other multifactorial diseases. Both single nucleotide variation and copy number variation (CNV) of the host contribute to the host's susceptibility to infectious disease. In this review we focus on CNV, particularly on complex multiallelic CNV that is often not well characterised either directly by hybridisation methods or indirectly by analysis of genotypes and flanking single nucleotide variants. We summarise the well-known examples, such as α-globin deletion and susceptibility to severe malaria, as well as more recent controversies, such as the extensive CNV of the chemokine gene CCL3L1 and HIV infection. We discuss the potential biological mechanisms that could underly any genetic association and reflect on the extensive complexity and functional variation generated by a combination of CNV and sequence variation, as illustrated by the Fc gamma receptor genes FCGR3A, FCGR3B and FCGR2C. We also highlight some understudied areas that might prove fruitful areas for further research.
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Gillis C, Gouel-Chéron A, Jönsson F, Bruhns P. Contribution of Human FcγRs to Disease with Evidence from Human Polymorphisms and Transgenic Animal Studies. Front Immunol 2014; 5:254. [PMID: 24910634 PMCID: PMC4038777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activities of human IgG antibodies predominantly rely on a family of receptors for the Fc portion of IgG, FcγRs: FcγRI, FcγRIIA, FcγRIIB, FcγRIIC, FcγRIIIA, FcγRIIIB, FcRL5, FcRn, and TRIM21. All FcγRs bind IgG at the cell surface, except FcRn and TRIM21 that bind IgG once internalized. The affinity of FcγRs for IgG is determined by polymorphisms of human FcγRs and ranges from 2 × 104 to 8 × 107 M−1. The biological functions of FcγRs extend from cellular activation or inhibition, IgG-internalization/endocytosis/phagocytosis to IgG transport and recycling. This review focuses on human FcγRs and intends to present an overview of the current understanding of how these receptors may contribute to various pathologies. It will define FcγRs and their polymorphic variants, their affinity for human IgG subclasses, and review the associations found between FcγR polymorphisms and human pathologies. It will also describe the human FcγR-transgenic mice that have been used to study the role of these receptors in autoimmune, inflammatory, and allergic disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Gillis
- Laboratoire Anticorps en Thérapie et Pathologie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France ; U760, INSERM , Paris , France
| | - Aurélie Gouel-Chéron
- Laboratoire Anticorps en Thérapie et Pathologie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France ; U760, INSERM , Paris , France ; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospital of Bichat-Claude Bernard, Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris , Paris , France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Laboratoire Anticorps en Thérapie et Pathologie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France ; U760, INSERM , Paris , France
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Laboratoire Anticorps en Thérapie et Pathologie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France ; U760, INSERM , Paris , France
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Singer J, Jensen‐Jarolim E. IgE-based immunotherapy of cancer: challenges and chances. Allergy 2014; 69:137-49. [PMID: 24117861 PMCID: PMC4022995 DOI: 10.1111/all.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies is an indispensable cornerstone of clinical oncology. Notably, all FDA-approved antibodies comprise the IgG class, although numerous research articles proposed monoclonal antibodies of the IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE classes directed specifically against tumor-associated antigens. In particular, for the IgE isotype class, several recent studies could demonstrate high tumoricidic efficacy. Therefore, this review specifically highlights the latest developments toward IgE-based immunotherapy of cancer. Possible mechanisms and safety aspects of IgE-mediated tumor cell death are discussed with special focus on the attracted immune cells. An outlook is given on how especially comparative oncology could contribute to further developments. Humans and dogs have a highly comparable IgE biology, suggesting that translational AllergoOncology studies in patients with canine cancer could have predictive value for the potential of IgE-based anticancer immunotherapy in human clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Singer
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - E. Jensen‐Jarolim
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Comparative Medicine Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna and University Vienna Vienna Austria
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Makowsky R, Wiener HW, Ptacek TS, Silva M, Shendre A, Edberg JC, Portman MA, Shrestha S. FcγR gene copy number in Kawasaki disease and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment response. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2013; 23:455-62. [PMID: 23778324 PMCID: PMC4400828 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e328363686e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kawasaki disease (KD), response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, and associated coronary artery disease progression have been associated with genetic polymorphisms in Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) genes. However, it is not known whether the existing gene copy number (GCN) variability relates to KD treatment response, susceptibility, or associated sequelae. METHODS The copy number of individuals with KD (n=510) and their family members (n=808) for three variable FcγRs was assessed using pyrosequencing. We performed the transmission disequilibrium test to examine the association of GCN for FcγRs (FcγR2C, FcγR3A, and FcγR3B) with susceptibility and used logistic regression models to determine its association with IVIG treatment outcomes. RESULTS FcγR2C and FcγR3B GCN were significantly associated with KD susceptibility. IVIG response was associated with GCN variations of FcγR3B in Whites and FcγR2C in Hispanics, and gene risk score based on single nucleotide polymorphism and GCN in FcγRs were significantly different between IVIG responders and nonresponders among Whites. We found no significant associations between coronary artery disease and any of the FcγR copy numbers. CONCLUSION GCN of FcγR2C and FcγR3B influences IVIG treatment response and predisposes individuals to KD, providing potential insights into understanding the mechanism of the FcγR gene family in the IVIG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Makowsky
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Howard W. Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Travis S. Ptacek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Miriam Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aditi Shendre
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jeffrey C. Edberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael A. Portman
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Dunstan E, Lester S, Black R, Rischmueller M, Chan H, Hewitt AW, Hill CL. No Association between FC γ R3B Copy Number Variation and Susceptibility to Biopsy-Proven Giant Cell Arteritis. ARTHRITIS 2013; 2013:514914. [PMID: 24027635 PMCID: PMC3762162 DOI: 10.1155/2013/514914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To determine the relationship between FCGR3B gene copy number variation (CNV) and biopsy proven giant cell arteritis (GCA). Methods. FCGR3B CNV was determined in 139 Australian biopsy proven GCA patients and 162 population matched controls, using a duplex qPCR assay and RNase P as the reference gene. Copy number was determined using Copy Caller software (v.1.0, Applied Biosystems, USA). CNV genotypes were classified into 3 groups (<2, 2, 3+) for analysis purposes, and analysis was performed using logistic regression. Results. All GCA patients had a positive temporal artery biopsy, and the most common presenting symptoms were visual disturbance and temporal headache. The mean age of patients at biopsy was 74 years (range 51-94) and 88/139 (63%) were female. The frequency of low (<2) FCGR3B copy number was comparable between GCA patients (9/139 = 6.5%) and controls (10/162 = 6.2%), as was the frequency of high (3+) FCGR3B copy number (15/130 (10.8%) in GCA patients versus 13/162 (8.0%) in controls). Overall there was no evidence that FCGR3B CNV frequencies differed between GCA patients and controls (χ (2) = 0.75, df = 2, P = 0.69). Conclusion. FCGR3B CNV is not associated with GCA; however, replicate studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Dunstan
- Rheumatology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- The Health Observatory, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Sue Lester
- Rheumatology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Rachel Black
- Rheumatology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Maureen Rischmueller
- Rheumatology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Helen Chan
- Centre for Eye Research, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Lions Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Catherine L. Hill
- Rheumatology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- The Health Observatory, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Nossent JC, Becker-Merok A, Rischmueller M, Lester S. Susceptibility for Lupus Nephritis by Low Copy Number of the FCGR3B Gene Is Linked to Increased Levels of Pathogenic Autoantibodies. Autoimmune Dis 2013; 2013:750814. [PMID: 23864940 PMCID: PMC3705838 DOI: 10.1155/2013/750814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low copy number (CN) of the FCGR3B gene reduces FCGR3B membrane expression on neutrophils and results in clearance of a smaller amount of immune complex. We investigated FCGR3B CN in relation to the clinical phenotype in a Caucasian SLE cohort (n = 107). FCGR3B CN was determined by three different qPCR parameter estimations (Ct-, Cy0, and cpD1) and confirmed by the FCGR2C/FCGR2A paralog ratio test. Clinical and serological data were then analyzed for their association with FCGR3B CN. Low FCGR3B CN (<2) was more frequent in SLE patients than in healthy controls (n = 162) (20% versus 6%, OR 4.15, P = 0.003) and associated with higher disease activity scores (SLEDAI 10.4 versus 6.1, P = 0.03), lupus nephritis (LN) (25 versus 5%, P = 0.03), and increased levels of antibodies against dsDNA (81 versus 37 IU, P = 0.03), C1q (22 versus 6 IU, P = 0.003), and ribosomal P (10 versus 5 IU, P = 0.01). No such associations were seen with antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens or high FCGR3B CN (>2). In multivariate analyses, LN was independently associated with anti-C1q-Ab levels (P = 0.03) and low FCGR3B CN (P = 0.09). We conclude that the susceptibility for LN in patients with low FCGR3B CN is linked to increased levels of pathogenic autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C. Nossent
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Northern Norway, P.O. Box 14, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5020, Australia
| | - Andrea Becker-Merok
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Northern Norway, P.O. Box 14, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maureen Rischmueller
- Department of Rheumatology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5020, Australia
- Division of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sue Lester
- Department of Rheumatology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5020, Australia
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NOSSENT JOHANNESC, RISCHMUELLER MAUREEN, LESTER SUE. Low Copy Number of the Fc-γ Receptor 3B Gene FCGR3B Is a Risk Factor for Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:2142-7. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Immune complexes play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Crosslinking of the neutrophil-specific Fc-γ receptor 3b (FCGR3B) facilitates immune complex clearance, and copy number variation (CNV) of the FCGR3B gene is known to reduce the uptake, and potentially clearance, of circulating immune complexes. Our objective was to determine whether FCGR3B CNV is a risk factor for pSS.Methods.This was a cross-sectional study of patients with established pSS (n = 174) and population-matched controls (n = 162). FCGR3B CNV was determined by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, using genomic DNA as template and Taqman chemistry. Reactions were performed as a duplex, with RNAse P as the reference gene. Clinical and serological data were analyzed for their association with FCGR3B copy number (CN).Results.Low FCGR3B CN (< 2 copies) was a risk factor for pSS in this cohort (p = 0.016), and combined results from this and a previous study yielded an overall OR of 2.3 (95% CI 1.3, 3.9, p = 0.003). Among patients with pSS in our cohort, low FCGR3B CN was not associated with anti-Ro ± La autoantibodies, but was associated with lower rheumatoid factor titers (p = 0.001) and serum IgG levels (p = 0.031).Conclusion.We confirmed that, similarly to other systemic autoimmune diseases, FCGR3B CN is a genetic susceptibility factor for pSS. As in rheumatoid arthritis, the mechanism does not appear to be related to seropositivity for characteristic autoantibodies.
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30
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Cantsilieris S, White SJ. Correlating multiallelic copy number polymorphisms with disease susceptibility. Hum Mutat 2012; 34:1-13. [PMID: 22837109 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The human genome contains a significant amount of sequence variation, from single nucleotide polymorphisms to large stretches of DNA that may be present in a range of different copies between individuals. Several such regions are variable in >1% of the population (referred to as copy number polymorphisms or CNPs), and many studies have looked for associations between the copy number of genes within multiallelic CNPs and disease susceptibility. Associations have indeed been described for several genes, including the β-defensins (DEFB4, DEFB103, DEFB104), chemokine ligand 3 like 1 (CCL3L1), Fc gamma receptor 3B (FCGR3B), and complement component C4 (C4). However, follow-up replication in independent cohorts has failed to reproduce a number of these associations. It is clear that replicated associations such as those between C4 and systemic lupus erythematosus, and β-defensin and psoriasis, have used robust genotyping methodologies. Technical issues associated with genotyping sequences of high identity may therefore account for failure to replicate other associations. Here, we compare and contrast the most popular approaches that have been used to genotype CNPs, describe how they have been applied in different situations, and discuss potential reasons for the difficulty in reproducibly linking multiallelic CNPs to complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Cantsilieris
- Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Black R, Lester S, Dunstan E, Shahram F, Nadji A, Bayat N, Saeedfar K, Ziaei N, Hill C, Rischmueller M, Davatchi F. Fc-Gamma Receptor 3B Copy Number Variation Is Not a Risk Factor for Behçet's Disease. Int J Rheumatol 2012; 2012:167096. [PMID: 22701122 PMCID: PMC3369435 DOI: 10.1155/2012/167096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is an immune-mediated systemic vasculitis associated with HLAB51. Other gene associations are likely and may provide further insight into the pathogenesis of this disease. Fc-gamma receptors play an important role in regulating immune function. Copy number variation (CNV) of the Fc-gamma receptor 3B (FCGR3B) gene is associated with other inflammatory conditions and may also play a role in BD. The aim of this study was to determine whether CNV of the FCGR3B gene is associated with BD or its clinical features. FCGR3B copy number was determined for 187 Iranian patients and 178 ethnicity-matched controls using quantitative real-time PCR. The genotype frequencies were comparable in both BD patients and controls. The odds ratio for low copy number (<2CN) was 0.6 (P = 0.16) and the odds ratio for high copy number (>2CN) was 0.75 (P = 0.50). There was no association found between high or low CN of the FCGR3B gene and BD or its clinical features in this Iranian population. We are the first to report this finding which, when looked at in the context of other genetic studies, gives us further insight into the complex pathogenesis of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Black
- Department of Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Sue Lester
- Department of Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Emma Dunstan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Farhad Shahram
- Rheumatology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, Tehran 14114, Iran
| | - Abdolhadi Nadji
- Rheumatology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, Tehran 14114, Iran
| | - Noushin Bayat
- Rheumatology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, Tehran 14114, Iran
- Rheumatology Department, Baqyiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Baghiatallah hospital, Molla Sadra Street, Tehran 14359, Iran
| | - Kayvan Saeedfar
- Rheumatology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, Tehran 14114, Iran
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Massih Daneshvari Hospital, Shaid Bahonar Street, Tehran 19556, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Ziaei
- Rheumatology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, Tehran 14114, Iran
| | - Catherine Hill
- Department of Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Maureen Rischmueller
- Department of Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Fereydoun Davatchi
- Rheumatology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, Tehran 14114, Iran
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McKinney C, Broen JCA, Vonk MC, Beretta L, Hesselstrand R, Hunzelmann N, Riemekasten G, Scorza R, Simeon CP, Fonollosa V, Carreira PE, Ortego-Centeno N, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Airo P, Coenen M, Martin J, Radstake TRDJ, Merriman TR. Evidence that deletion at FCGR3B is a risk factor for systemic sclerosis. Genes Immun 2012; 13:458-60. [PMID: 22551723 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2012.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that gene copy number (CN) variation influences clinical phenotype. The low-affinity Fc receptor 3B (FCGR3B) located in the FCGR gene cluster is a CN polymorphic gene involved in the recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to sites of inflammation and their activation. Given the genetic overlap between systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis (SSc) and the strong evidence for FCGR3B CN in the pathology of SLE, we hypothesised that FCGR3B gene dosage influences susceptibility to SSc. We obtained FCGR3B deletion status in 777 European Caucasian cases and 1000 controls. There was an inverse relationship between FCGR3B CN and disease susceptibility. CN of ≤ 1 was a significant risk factor for SSc (OR=1.55 (1.13-2.14), P=0.007) relative to CN ≥ 2. Although requiring replication, these results suggest that impaired immune complex clearance arising from FCGR3B deficiency contributes to the pathology of SSc, and FCGR3B CN variation is a common risk factor for systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McKinney
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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