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Stewart HL, Gilbert D, Stefanovski D, Garman Z, Albro MB, Bais M, Grinstaff MW, Snyder BD, Schaer TP. A missed opportunity: A scoping review of the effect of sex and age on osteoarthritis using large animal models. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:501-513. [PMID: 38408635 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to critically analyze the published literature accounting for sex differences and skeletal age (open vs. closed physis) in preclinical animal models of OA, including the disaggregation of data by sex and skeletal maturity when data is generated from combined sex and/or multi-aged cohorts without proper confounding. METHOD A scoping literature review of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SCOPUS was performed for studies evaluating the effect of sex and age in experimental studies and clinical trials utilizing preclinical large animal models of OA. RESULTS A total of 9727 papers were identified in large animal (dog, pig, sheep, goat, horse) models for preclinical OA research, of which 238 ex vivo and/or in vivo studies disclosed model type, animal species, sex, and skeletal age sufficient to analyze their effect on outcomes. Dogs, followed by pigs, sheep, and horses, were the most commonly used models. A paucity of preclinical studies evaluated the effect of sex and age in large animal models of naturally occurring or experimentally induced OA: 26 total studies reported some kind of analysis of the effects of sex or age, with 4 studies discussing the effects of sex only, 11 studies discussing the effects of age only, and 11 studies analyzing both the effects of age and sex. CONCLUSION Fundamental to translational research, OARSI is uniquely positioned to develop recommendations for conducting preclinical studies using large animal models of OA that consider biological mechanisms linked to sex chromosomes, skeletal age, castration, and gonadal hormones affecting OA pathophysiology and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Stewart
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Derek Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Zoe Garman
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael B Albro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Manish Bais
- Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston MA 02118, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Brian D Snyder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Thomas P Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
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Ersoy U, Kanakis I, Alameddine M, Pedraza-Vazquez G, Ozanne SE, Peffers MJ, Jackson MJ, Goljanek-Whysall K, Vasilaki A. Lifelong dietary protein restriction accelerates skeletal muscle loss and reduces muscle fibre size by impairing proteostasis and mitochondrial homeostasis. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102980. [PMID: 38064763 PMCID: PMC10755587 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The early life environment significantly affects the development of age-related skeletal muscle disorders. However, the long-term effects of lactational protein restriction on skeletal muscle are still poorly defined. Our study revealed that male mice nursed by dams fed a low-protein diet during lactation exhibited skeletal muscle growth restriction. This was associated with a dysregulation in the expression levels of genes related to the ribosome, mitochondria and skeletal muscle development. We reported that lifelong protein restriction accelerated loss of type-IIa muscle fibres and reduced muscle fibre size by impairing mitochondrial homeostasis and proteostasis at 18 months of age. However, feeding a normal-protein diet following lactational protein restriction prevented accelerated fibre loss and fibre size reduction in later life. These findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms by which lactational protein restriction hinders skeletal muscle growth and includes evidence that lifelong dietary protein restriction accelerated skeletal muscle loss in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Ersoy
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ioannis Kanakis
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Chester Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Moussira Alameddine
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gibran Pedraza-Vazquez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mandy Jayne Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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3
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Kharaz YA, Zamboulis DE, Fang Y, Welting TJM, Peffers MJ, Comerford EJ. Small RNA signatures of the anterior cruciate ligament from patients with knee joint osteoarthritis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1266088. [PMID: 38187089 PMCID: PMC10768046 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1266088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is susceptible to degeneration, resulting in joint pain, reduced mobility, and osteoarthritis development. There is currently a paucity of knowledge on how anterior cruciate ligament degeneration and disease leads to osteoarthritis. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), such as microRNAs and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), have diverse roles, including regulation of gene expression. Methods: We profiled the sncRNAs of diseased osteoarthritic ACLs to provide novel insights into osteoarthritis development. Small RNA sequencing from the ACLs of non- or end-stage human osteoarthritic knee joints was performed. Significantly differentially expressed sncRNAs were defined, and bioinformatics analysis was undertaken. Results and Discussion: A total of 184 sncRNAs were differentially expressed: 68 small nucleolar RNAs, 26 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), and 90 microRNAs. We identified both novel and recognized (miR-206, -365, and -29b and -29c) osteoarthritis-related microRNAs and other sncRNAs (including SNORD72, SNORD113, and SNORD114). Significant pathway enrichment of differentially expressed miRNAs includes differentiation of the muscle, inflammation, proliferation of chondrocytes, and fibrosis. Putative mRNAs of the microRNA target genes were associated with the canonical pathways "hepatic fibrosis signaling" and "osteoarthritis." The establishing sncRNA signatures of ACL disease during osteoarthritis could serve as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in ACL degeneration and osteoarthritis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda A. Kharaz
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Danae E. Zamboulis
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tim J. M. Welting
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mandy J. Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eithne J. Comerford
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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4
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Chabronova A, van den Akker GGH, Housmans BAC, Caron MMJ, Cremers A, Surtel DAM, Wichapong K, Peffers MMJ, van Rhijn LW, Marchand V, Motorin Y, Welting TJM. Ribosomal RNA-based epitranscriptomic regulation of chondrocyte translation and proteome in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:374-385. [PMID: 36621590 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis-related cartilage extracellular matrix remodeling is dependent on changes in chondrocyte protein expression. Yet, the role of ribosomes in chondrocyte translation regulation is unknown. In this exploratory study, we investigated ribosomal RNA (rRNA) epitranscriptomic-based ribosome heterogeneity in human articular chondrocytes and its relevance for osteoarthritis. METHODS Sequencing-based rRNA 2'-O-methylation profiling analysis (RiboMethSeq) was performed on non-OA primary human articular chondrocytes (n = 5) exposed for 14 days to osteoarthritic synovial fluid (14 donors, pooled, 20% v/v). The SW1353 SNORD71 KO cell pool was generated using LentiCRISPRv2/Cas9. The mode of translation initiation and fidelity were determined by dual-luciferase reporters. The cellular proteome was analyzed by LC-MS/MS and collagen type I protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting. Loading of COL1A1 mRNA into polysomes was determined by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and fractionation. RESULTS We discovered that osteoarthritic synovial fluid instigates site-specific changes in the rRNA 2'-O-me profile of primary human articular chondrocytes. We identified five sites with differential 2'-O-me levels. The 2'-O-me status of 5.8S-U14 (one of identified differential 2'-O-me sites; decreased by 7.7%, 95% CI [0.9-14.5%]) was targeted by depleting the level of its guide snoRNA SNORD71 (50% decrease, 95% CI [33-64%]). This resulted in an altered ribosome translation modus (e.g., CrPV IRES, FC 3, 95% CI [2.2-4.1]) and promoted translation of COL1A1 mRNA which led to increased levels of COL1A1 protein (FC 1.7, 95% CI [1.3-2.0]). CONCLUSIONS Our data identify a novel concept suggesting that articular chondrocytes employ rRNA epitranscriptomic mechanisms in osteoarthritis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chabronova
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - G G H van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - B A C Housmans
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M M J Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - D A M Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - K Wichapong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M M J Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - V Marchand
- Université de Lorraine, UAR2008 IBSLor CNRS-INSERM, BioPole, Nancy, France
| | - Y Motorin
- Université de Lorraine, UAR2008 IBSLor CNRS-INSERM, BioPole, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR7365 IMoPA, CNRS, BioPole, Nancy, France
| | - T J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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5
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Xiao F, Wang C, Peng J, Zhou X, Ma D, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen X, Wang C. Changes in Small Noncoding RNA Expression during Chondrocyte Senescence. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221118165. [PMID: 35993268 PMCID: PMC9403477 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221118165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by the chronic and progressive deterioration of articular cartilage. Chondrocyte senescence could lead to a shift in the balance between extracellular matrix (ECM) component synthesis and degradation. Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), P-element-induced wimpy testis-(PIWI-) interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), and repeat-associated siRNAs (rasiRNAs), are a class of important epigenetic molecules. We aimed to gain insights into the changes and roles of sncRNA in chondrocyte senescence. DESIGN Healthy mouse postnatal chondrocytes were isolated, and a replicative aging model was constructed. We used small RNA sequencing (small RNA-seq) to generate extensive small RNA data. We identified differentially expressed sncRNAs and performed tissue-specific analysis using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). β-galactosidase staining was used to detect chondrocyte senescence. The results showed that the expression profiles of sncRNA in passage 5 chondrocytes were significantly different from those in passage 0 chondrocytes. The expression of sncRNA was tissue specific. We found that 40 miRNAs were upregulated and 70 miRNAs were downregulated during chondrocyte senescence, and that miR-132-5p expression inhibition prevented chondrocyte senescence. We found that 8 piRNAs were upregulated and 17 piRNAs were downregulated during chondrocyte senescence, and that piRNA piR_025576 overexpression delayed chondrocyte senescence. We found that 24 snoRNAs were upregulated and 28 snoRNAs were downregulated during chondrocyte senescence, and that snoRNA ENSMUSG00000087935 overexpression delayed chondrocyte senescence. We found that 5 snRNAs were upregulated and 6 snRNAs were downregulated during chondrocyte senescence, and that snRNA ENSMUSG00000064682 overexpression delayed chondrocyte senescence. We found that 1 rasiRNA was upregulated and 4 rasiRNAs were downregulated during chondrocyte senescence. CONCLUSIONS These findings might provide novel insights into OA pathogenesis and contribute to the development of candidates for targeted therapeutics in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,
Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,
Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,
Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center
for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,
Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shidong
Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated
Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,
Shanghai, China
| | - Chuandong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,
Shanghai, China,Xiaodong Chen, Department of Orthopedic
Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of
Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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6
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Chabronova A, van den Akker GGH, Meekels-Steinbusch MMF, Friedrich F, Cremers A, Surtel DAM, Peffers MJ, van Rhijn LW, Lausch E, Zabel B, Caron MMJ, Welting TJM. Uncovering pathways regulating chondrogenic differentiation of CHH fibroblasts. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 6:211-224. [PMID: 34988338 PMCID: PMC8688813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the non-coding snoRNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP) are the cause of cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH). CHH is a rare form of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature and abnormal growth plate development. The process of chondrogenic differentiation within growth plates of long bones is vital for longitudinal bone growth. However, molecular mechanisms behind impaired skeletal development in CHH patients remain unclear. We employed a transdifferentiation model (FDC) combined with whole transcriptome analysis to investigate the chondrogenic transdifferentiation capacity of CHH fibroblasts and to examine pathway regulation in CHH cells during chondrogenic differentiation. We established that the FDC transdifferentiation model is a relevant in vitro model of chondrogenic differentiation, with an emphasis on the terminal differentiation phase, which is crucial for longitudinal bone growth. We demonstrated that CHH fibroblasts are capable of transdifferentiating into chondrocyte-like cells, and show a reduced commitment to terminal differentiation. We also found a number of key factors of BMP, FGF, and IGF-1 signalling axes to be significantly upregulated in CHH cells during the chondrogenic transdifferentiation. Our results support postulated conclusions that RMRP has pleiotropic functions and profoundly affects multiple aspects of cell fate and signalling. Our findings shed light on the consequences of pathological CHH mutations in snoRNA RMRP during chondrogenic differentiation and the relevance and roles of non-coding RNAs in genetic diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Chabronova
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Guus G H van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy M F Meekels-Steinbusch
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska Friedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andy Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Don A M Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Lodewijk W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ekkehart Lausch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Zabel
- Medical Faculty, Otto van Guericke University of Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marjolein M J Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Anderson JR, Jacobsen S, Walters M, Bundgaard L, Diendorfer A, Hackl M, Clarke EJ, James V, Peffers MJ. Small non-coding RNA landscape of extracellular vesicles from a post-traumatic model of equine osteoarthritis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:901269. [PMID: 36003409 PMCID: PMC9393553 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.901269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles comprise an as yet inadequately investigated intercellular communication pathway in the field of early osteoarthritis. We hypothesised that the small non-coding RNA expression pattern in synovial fluid and plasma would change during progression of experimental osteoarthritis. In this study, we conducted small RNA sequencing to provide a comprehensive overview of the temporal expression profiles of small non-coding transcripts carried by extracellular vesicles derived from plasma and synovial fluid for the first time in a posttraumatic model of equine osteoarthritis. Additionally, we characterised synovial fluid and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles with respect to quantity, size, and surface markers. The different temporal expressions of seven microRNAs in plasma and synovial fluid-derived extracellular vesicles, eca-miR-451, eca-miR-25, eca-miR-215, eca-miR-92a, eca-miR-let-7c, eca-miR-486-5p, and eca-miR-23a, and four snoRNAs, U3, snord15, snord46, and snord58, represent potential biomarkers for early osteoarthritis. Bioinformatics analysis of the differentially expressed microRNAs in synovial fluid highlighted that in early osteoarthritis these related to the inhibition of cell cycle, cell cycle progression, DNA damage and cell proliferation as well as increased cell viability and differentiation of stem cells. Plasma and synovial fluid-derived extracellular vesicle small non-coding signatures have been established for the first time in a temporal model of osteoarthritis. These could serve as novel biomarkers for evaluation of osteoarthritis progression or act as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Anderson
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Marie Walters
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Louise Bundgaard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | | | | | - Emily J Clarke
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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8
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Translation of genetic information encoded within mRNA molecules by ribosomes into proteins is a key part of the central dogma of molecular biology. Despite the central position of the ribosome in the translation of proteins, and considering the major proteomic changes that occur in the joint during osteoarthritis development and progression, the ribosome has received very limited attention as driver of osteoarthritis pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS We provide an overview of the limited literature regarding this developing topic for the osteoarthritis field. Recent key findings that connect ribosome biogenesis and activity with osteoarthritis include: ribosomal RNA transcription, processing and maturation, ribosomal protein expression, protein translation capacity and preferential translation. SUMMARY The ribosome as the central cellular protein synthesis hub is largely neglected in osteoarthritis research. Findings included in this review reveal that in osteoarthritis, ribosome aberrations have been found from early-stage ribosome biogenesis, through ribosome build-up and maturation, up to preferential translation. Classically, osteoarthritis has been explained as an imbalance between joint tissue anabolism and catabolism. We postulate that osteoarthritis can be interpreted as an acquired ribosomopathy. This hypothesis fine-tunes the dogmatic anabolism/katabolism point-of-view, and may provide novel molecular opportunities for the development of osteoarthritis disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guus G.H. van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University
| | - Marjolein M.J. Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University
| | - Mandy J. Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tim J.M. Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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9
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Castanheira CI, Anderson JR, Fang Y, Milner PI, Goljanek-Whysall K, House L, Clegg PD, Peffers MJ. Mouse microRNA signatures in joint ageing and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2021; 3:100186. [PMID: 34977596 PMCID: PMC8683752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2021.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated mice serum and joint microRNA expression profiles in ageing and osteoarthritis to elucidate the role of microRNAs in the development and progression of disease, and provide biomarkers for ageing and osteoarthritis. DESIGN Whole joints and serum samples were collected from C57BL6/J male mice and subjected to small RNA sequencing. Groups used included; surgically-induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis, (DMM; 24 months-old); sham surgery (24 months-old); old mice (18 months-old); and young mice (8 months-old). Differentially expressed microRNAs between the four groups were identified and validated using real-time quantitative PCR. MicroRNA differential expression data was used for target prediction and pathway analysis. RESULTS In joint tissues, miR-140-5p, miR-205-5p, miR-682, miR-208b-3p, miR-499-5p, miR-455-3p and miR-6238 were differentially expressed between young and old groups; miR-146a-5p, miR-3474, miR-615-3p and miR-151-5p were differentially expressed between DMM and Sham groups; and miR-652-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-708-5p, miR-5099, miR-23a-3p, miR-214-3p, miR-6238 and miR-148-3p between the old and DMM groups. The number of differentially expressed microRNAs in serum was higher, some in common with joint tissues including miR-140-5p and miR-455-3p between young and old groups; and miR-23b-3p, miR-5099 and miR-6238 between old and DMM groups.We confirmed miR-140-5p, miR-499-5p and miR-455-3p expression to be decreased in old mouse joints compared to young, suggesting their potential use as biomarkers of joint ageing in mice. CONCLUSIONS MiR-140-5p, miR-499-5p and miR-455-3p could be used as joint ageing biomarkers in mice. Further research into these specific molecules in human tissues is now warranted to check their potential suitability as human biomarkers of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I.G.D. Castanheira
- Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - James R. Anderson
- Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Peter I. Milner
- Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Louise House
- Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Peter D. Clegg
- Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Mandy J. Peffers
- Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
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10
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Wang K, Esbensen Q, Karlsen T, Eftang C, Owesen C, Aroen A, Jakobsen R. Low-Input RNA-Sequencing in Patients with Cartilage Lesions, Osteoarthritis, and Healthy Cartilage. Cartilage 2021; 13:550S-562S. [PMID: 34775802 PMCID: PMC8808811 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211057245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze and compare cartilage samples from 3 groups of patients utilizing low-input RNA-sequencing. DESIGN Cartilage biopsies were collected from patients in 3 groups (n = 48): Cartilage lesion (CL) patients had at least ICRS grade 2, osteoarthritis (OA) samples were taken from patients undergoing knee replacement, and healthy cartilage (HC) was taken from ACL-reconstruction patients without CLs. RNA was isolated using an optimized protocol. RNA samples were assessed for quality and sequenced with a low-input SmartSeq2 protocol. RESULTS RNA isolation yielded 48 samples with sufficient quality for sequencing. After quality control, 13 samples in the OA group, 9 in the HC group, and 9 in the CL group were included in the analysis. There was a high degree of co-clustering between the HC and CL groups with only 6 genes significantly up- or downregulated. OA and the combined HC/CL group clustered significantly separate from each other, yielding 659 significantly upregulated and 1,369 downregulated genes. GO-term analysis revealed that genes matched to cartilage and connective tissue development terms. CONCLUSION The gene expression profiles from the 3 groups suggest that there are no major differences in gene expression between cartilage from knees with a cartilage injury and knees without an apparent cartilage injury. OA cartilage, as expected, showed markedly different gene expression from the other 2 groups. The gene expression profiles resulting from this low-input RNA-sequencing study offer opportunities to discover new pathways not previously recognized that may be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of
Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center,
Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway,Katherine Wang, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Q.Y. Esbensen
- Department of Clinical Molecular
Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway,Department of Clinical Molecular
Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T.A. Karlsen
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell
Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University
Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - C.N. Eftang
- Department of Pathology, Akershus
University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - C. Owesen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - A. Aroen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center,
Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R.B. Jakobsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway,Department of Health Management and
Health Economics, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Thompson SD, Pichika R, Lieber RL, Lavasani M. Systemic transplantation of adult multipotent stem cells prevents articular cartilage degeneration in a mouse model of accelerated ageing. Immun Ageing 2021; 18:27. [PMID: 34098983 PMCID: PMC8183038 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent joint diseases of advanced age and is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Ageing is a major risk factor for the articular cartilage (AC) degeneration that leads to OA, and the age-related decline in regenerative capacity accelerates OA progression. Here we demonstrate that systemic transplantation of a unique population of adult multipotent muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs), isolated from young wild-type mice, into Zmpste24-/- mice (a model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a condition marked by accelerated ageing), prevents ageing-related homeostatic decline of AC. RESULTS MDSPC treatment inhibited expression of cartilage-degrading factors such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix-proteinases, whereas pro-regenerative markers associated with cartilage mechanical support and tensile strength, cartilage resilience, chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, and cartilage growth, were increased. Notably, MDSPC transplantation also increased the expression level of genes known for their key roles in immunomodulation, autophagy, stress resistance, pro-longevity, and telomere protection. Our findings also indicate that MDSPC transplantation increased proteoglycan content by regulating chondrocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings demonstrate the ability of systemically transplanted young MDSPCs to preserve a healthy homeostasis and promote tissue regeneration at the molecular and tissue level in progeroid AC. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of systemically delivered multipotent adult stem cells to prevent age-associated AC degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Thompson
- Shirley Ryan Abilitylab (Formerly the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), 355 E. Erie St, IL, 60611, Chicago, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience (NUIN) Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Rajeswari Pichika
- Shirley Ryan Abilitylab (Formerly the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), 355 E. Erie St, IL, 60611, Chicago, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Richard L Lieber
- Shirley Ryan Abilitylab (Formerly the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), 355 E. Erie St, IL, 60611, Chicago, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Mitra Lavasani
- Shirley Ryan Abilitylab (Formerly the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), 355 E. Erie St, IL, 60611, Chicago, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience (NUIN) Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
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12
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Thompson SD, Pichika R, Lieber RL, Budinger GRS, Lavasani M. Systemic Transplantation of Adult Multipotent Stem Cells Functionally Rejuvenates Aged Articular Cartilage. Aging Dis 2021; 12:726-731. [PMID: 34094638 PMCID: PMC8139193 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common and debilitating joint disease of advanced age and has no universally effective therapy. Here, we demonstrate that systemic transplantation of adult multipotent muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs)—isolated from young mice—rejuvenates the knee articular cartilage (AC) of naturally aged mice. This intervention reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tnf and Il1a) and catabolic matrix-degrading proteinases (Mmp3 and Mmp13) in aged cartilage. Treatment with young MDSPCs also increased expression of pro-regenerative (Col2a1 and Acan) and prolongevity genes (Pot1b), including those associated with chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, cartilage growth, and telomere protection. Indeed, the AC of MDSPC-treated mice exhibited reduced age-related histological pathologies. Importantly, the reduced mobility and arthritis-related gait dysfunctions of aged mice were also ameliorated by this treatment. Together, our findings demonstrate the rejuvenating effects of systemic transplantation of young MDSPCs on aging AC—at the molecular, tissue, and functional levels. This suggests that MDSPCs, or their secreted factors, may represent a novel therapy that can increase mobility and function in aged or OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Thompson
- 1Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,3Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience (NUIN) Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rajeswari Pichika
- 1Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard L Lieber
- 1Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mitra Lavasani
- 1Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,3Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience (NUIN) Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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13
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Candidates for Intra-Articular Administration Therapeutics and Therapies of Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073594. [PMID: 33808364 PMCID: PMC8036705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a disease that significantly decreases the quality of life due to joint deformation and pain caused by degeneration of articular cartilage. Since the degeneration of cartilage is irreversible, intervention from an early stage and control throughout life is important for OA treatment. For the treatment of early OA, the development of a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD) for intra-articular (IA) injection, which is attracting attention as a point-of-care therapy, is desired. In recent years, the molecular mechanisms involved in OA progression have been clarified while new types of drug development methods based on gene sequences have been established. In addition to conventional chemical compounds and protein therapeutics, the development of DMOAD from the new modalities such as gene therapy and oligonucleotide therapeutics is accelerating. In this review, we have summarized the current status and challenges of DMOAD for IA injection, especially for protein therapeutics, gene therapy, and oligonucleotide therapeutics.
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14
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Arias C, Saavedra N, Leal K, Vásquez B, Abdalla DSP, Salazar LA. Histological Evaluation and Gene Expression Profiling of Autophagy-Related Genes for Cartilage of Young and Senescent Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228607. [PMID: 33203108 PMCID: PMC7697851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that protects cells from stress by digesting non-functional cellular components. In the cartilage, chondrocytes depend on autophagy as a principal mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis. This protective role diminishes prior to the structural damage that normally occurs during aging. Considering that aging is the main risk factor for osteoarthritis, evaluating the expression of genes associated with autophagy in senescent cartilage might allow for the identification of potential therapeutic targets for treatment. Thus, we studied two groups of young and senescent rats. A histological analysis of cartilage and gene expression quantification for autophagy-related genes were performed. In aged cartilage, morphological changes were observed, such as an increase in cartilage degeneration as measured by the modified Mankin score, a decrease in the number of chondrocytes and collagen II (Col2a1), and an increase in matrix metalloproteinase 13 (Mmp13). Moreover, 84 genes associated with autophagy were evaluated by a PCR array analysis, and 15 of them were found to be significantly decreased with aging. Furthermore, an in silico analysis based on by two different bioinformatics software tools revealed that several processes including cellular homeostasis, autophagosome assembly, and aging—as well as several biological pathways such as autophagy, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT (serine/threonine kinase) signaling, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling—were enriched. In conclusion, the analysis identified some potential targets for osteoarthritis treatment that would allow for the development of new therapeutic strategies for this chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Arias
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.A.); (N.S.); (K.L.)
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Alemania 1090, Temuco 4810101, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.A.); (N.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Karla Leal
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.A.); (N.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Bélgica Vásquez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica 1000007, Chile;
| | - Dulcineia S. P. Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.A.); (N.S.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-45-259-6724
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15
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Zamboulis DE, Thorpe CT, Ashraf Kharaz Y, Birch HL, Screen HR, Clegg PD. Postnatal mechanical loading drives adaptation of tissues primarily through modulation of the non-collagenous matrix. eLife 2020; 9:58075. [PMID: 33063662 PMCID: PMC7593091 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature connective tissues demonstrate highly specialised properties, remarkably adapted to meet their functional requirements. Tissue adaptation to environmental cues can occur throughout life and poor adaptation commonly results in injury. However, the temporal nature and drivers of functional adaptation remain undefined. Here, we explore functional adaptation and specialisation of mechanically loaded tissues using tendon; a simple aligned biological composite, in which the collagen (fascicle) and surrounding predominantly non-collagenous matrix (interfascicular matrix) can be interrogated independently. Using an equine model of late development, we report the first phase-specific analysis of biomechanical, structural, and compositional changes seen in functional adaptation, demonstrating adaptation occurs postnatally, following mechanical loading, and is almost exclusively localised to the non-collagenous interfascicular matrix. These novel data redefine adaptation in connective tissue, highlighting the fundamental importance of non-collagenous matrix and suggesting that regenerative medicine strategies should change focus from the fibrous to the non-collagenous matrix of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae E Zamboulis
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Chavaunne T Thorpe
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yalda Ashraf Kharaz
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Birch
- University College London, Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Stanmore Campus, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel Rc Screen
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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16
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Impaired chondrocyte U3 snoRNA expression in osteoarthritis impacts the chondrocyte protein translation apparatus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13426. [PMID: 32778764 PMCID: PMC7417995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pathways controlling ribosome activity have been described to regulate chondrocyte homeostasis in osteoarthritis, ribosome biogenesis in osteoarthritis is unexplored. We hypothesized that U3 snoRNA, a non-coding RNA involved in ribosomal RNA maturation, is critical for chondrocyte protein translation capacity in osteoarthritis. U3 snoRNA was one of a number of snoRNAs with decreased expression in osteoarthritic cartilage and osteoarthritic chondrocytes. OA synovial fluid impacted U3 snoRNA expression by affecting U3 snoRNA gene promoter activity, while BMP7 was able to increase its expression. Altering U3 snoRNA expression resulted in changes in chondrocyte phenotype. Interference with U3 snoRNA expression led to reduction of rRNA levels and translational capacity, whilst induced expression of U3 snoRNA was accompanied by increased 18S and 28S rRNA levels and elevated protein translation. Whole proteome analysis revealed a global impact of reduced U3 snoRNA expression on protein translational processes and inflammatory pathways. For the first time we demonstrate implications of a snoRNA in osteoarthritis chondrocyte biology and investigated its role in the chondrocyte differentiation status, rRNA levels and protein translational capacity.
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17
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Balaskas P, Green JA, Haqqi TM, Dyer P, Kharaz YA, Fang Y, Liu X, Welting TJ, Peffers MJ. Small Non-Coding RNAome of Ageing Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5675. [PMID: 32784773 PMCID: PMC7461137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a leading risk factor predisposing cartilage to osteoarthritis. However, little research has been conducted on the effect of ageing on the expression of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs). RNA from young and old chondrocytes from macroscopically normal equine metacarpophalangeal joints was extracted and subjected to small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Differential expression analysis was performed in R using package DESeq2. For transfer RNA (tRNA) fragment analysis, tRNA reads were aligned to horse tRNA sequences using Bowtie2 version 2.2.5. Selected microRNA (miRNAs or miRs) and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) findings were validated using real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) in an extended cohort of equine chondrocytes. tRNA fragments were further investigated in low- and high-grade OA human cartilage tissue. In total, 83 sncRNAs were differentially expressed between young and old equine chondrocytes, including miRNAs, snoRNAs, small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), and tRNAs. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed findings. tRNA fragment analysis revealed that tRNA halves (tiRNAs), tiRNA-5035-GluCTC and tiRNA-5031-GluCTC-1 were reduced in both high grade OA human cartilage and old equine chondrocytes. For the first time, we have measured the effect of ageing on the expression of sncRNAs in equine chondrocytes. Changes were detected in a number of different sncRNA species. This study supports a role for sncRNAs in ageing cartilage and their potential involvement in age-related cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Balaskas
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (P.D.); (Y.A.K.)
| | - Jonathan A. Green
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (J.A.G.); (T.M.H.)
| | - Tariq M. Haqqi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (J.A.G.); (T.M.H.)
| | - Philip Dyer
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (P.D.); (Y.A.K.)
| | - Yalda A. Kharaz
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (P.D.); (Y.A.K.)
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuan Liu
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Tim J.M. Welting
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Mandy J. Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (P.D.); (Y.A.K.)
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18
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Szwedowski D, Szczepanek J, Paczesny Ł, Pękała P, Zabrzyński J, Kruczyński J. Genetics in Cartilage Lesions: Basic Science and Therapy Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5430. [PMID: 32751537 PMCID: PMC7432875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage lesions have a multifactorial nature, and genetic factors are their strongest determinants. As biochemical and genetic studies have dramatically progressed over the past decade, the molecular basis of cartilage pathologies has become clearer. Several homeostasis abnormalities within cartilaginous tissue have been found, including various structural changes, differential gene expression patterns, as well as altered epigenetic regulation. However, the efficient treatment of cartilage pathologies represents a substantial challenge. Understanding the complex genetic background pertaining to cartilage pathologies is useful primarily in the context of seeking new pathways leading to disease progression as well as in developing new targeted therapies. A technology utilizing gene transfer to deliver therapeutic genes to the site of injury is quickly becoming an emerging approach in cartilage renewal. The goal of this work is to provide an overview of the genetic basis of chondral lesions and the different approaches of the most recent systems exploiting therapeutic gene transfer in cartilage repair. The integration of tissue engineering with viral gene vectors is a novel and active area of research. However, despite promising preclinical data, this therapeutic concept needs to be supported by the growing body of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Szwedowski
- Orthopedic Arthroscopic Surgery International (O.A.S.I.) Bioresearch Foundation, Gobbi N.P.O., 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Provincial Polyclinical Hospital, 87100 Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczepanek
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87100 Torun, Poland
| | - Łukasz Paczesny
- Orvit Clinic, Citomed Healthcare Center, 87100 Torun, Poland; (Ł.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Przemysław Pękała
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30705 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Orvit Clinic, Citomed Healthcare Center, 87100 Torun, Poland; (Ł.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jacek Kruczyński
- Department of General Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Oncology and Trauma Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60512 Poznań, Poland;
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19
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Chen J, Hong Z, Hong Y, He X, Bi Q, Zhao C. Identification of DNA hydroxymethylation associated genes in osteoarthritis by combined analysis of hydroxymethylation and gene expression. J Orthop Sci 2020; 25:700-707. [PMID: 31669118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aimed to explore more mechanistic insights into the epigenetic regulation of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS The expression profiles (accession number: GSE64393 and GSE64394) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OA and control groups were identified. The distribution of DhMRs in the whole genome and the correlation between DhMRs and DEGs were analyzed. Functional module mining for the DEGs and DhMRs was conducted, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. The transcriptional factor (TF) was predicted. RESULTS Total 52,282 DhMRs were obtained, among which 31,452 ones were annotated to 9726 genes. Additionally, 1806 DEGs were selected. Hydroxymethylation mainly occurred in gene body region. Correlation analysis revealed that more than 70% of DhMRs were uncorrelated with DEGs expression. Functional module mining for the DEGs and DhMRs identified 2 functional modules, which were involved in pathways of regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and TGF-β signaling pathway. A PPI network was constructed, and ITGB3 had the highest degree. Furthermore, 7 TFs were predicted, which regulated 12 candidate genes, such as HES1-PTEN. CONCLUSIONS The onset and progression of OA may be associated with the upregulated hydroxymethylation in gene body region of PTEN. HES1 may be important TF in the pathogenesis of OA. Additionally, pathways of regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and TGF-beta signaling pathway may also play important roles in OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Zheping Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Yupeng Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong He
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Qing Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China.
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20
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Page AE, Adam E, Stewart JC, Gonzales C, Barker V, Horohov DW. Alterations of peripheral gene expression in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis as a model for inflammation in horses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 225:110058. [PMID: 32442811 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
While the use of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation has been well described in the horse, the object of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated intra-articular LPS injections and determine whether this method may be of use to assess changes in gene expression related to inflammation. Six mixed breed horses were utilized for this study, with three horses aged 10-17 years (older group) and three horses aged 3 years (younger group). One milliliter of phosphate-buffered saline containing 3 μg of LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4 was aseptically injected into either the radiocarpal or front fetlock joint a total of four times, with at least two weeks between each injection and a different joint injected each time. Serum for protein concentration quantification and whole blood for expression analysis of 20 different genes were collected before each injection, as well as at multiple times post-injection. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (one-way and two-way) (P < 0.05). All horses experienced minimal or non-weight bearing lameness at 4-6 hours post-LPS injection, which generally improved by 24 h and resolved by 48 h. Multiple genes exhibited significantly differential expression when compared to both the pre-injection and sham injection time points, including CD14, TLR4, MMP1, MMP9, IL-1β, IL1RN, IL-10, ALOX5AP, IL-8, TNFα, CCL8, IGF1, and PTGS2. Additionally, multiple genes exhibited increased expression in horses where the radiocarpal joint was injected when compared to the fetlock joint, as well as in younger horses compared to older horses. Serum concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA) were negative prior to injection while all horses demonstrated an increase by 9 h post-injection, which often remained until at least 144 h. Attempts to measure in vivo serum cytokine levels using a multiplex assay were not successful and believed to be due to the lower limits of detection for the assays. The measurement of mRNA expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes provide sensitive and rapid information regarding the inflammatory response to an acute, localized stimulus, although care must be taken when selecting target joints or age groups of horses as the transcriptional response may vary based on these choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen E Page
- University of Kentucky, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY 40546, United States.
| | - Emma Adam
- University of Kentucky, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - John C Stewart
- University of Kentucky, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | | | - Virginia Barker
- University of Kentucky, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - David W Horohov
- University of Kentucky, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
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Metformin attenuates cartilage degeneration in an experimental osteoarthritis model by regulating AMPK/mTOR. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1087-1103. [PMID: 31945013 PMCID: PMC7053618 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: It is generally thought that the occurrence and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) results from multiple causes, including degradation and destruction of the cartilage matrix and aging of chondrocytes. Metformin is a first-line drug for the treatment of diabetes, and has great potential for the treatment of other disorders. However, the role of metformin in OA is unknown. Results: Metformin displayed a protective effect against OA. There were lower OARSI scores and fewer MMP-13-positive cells in DMM mice and cartilage explants after treatment with metformin. In addition, metformin treatment decreased p16INK4a levels in OA chondrocytes, and enhanced polarization of AMPK and inhibition of mTORC1 in OA mice and chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Metformin effectively alleviated cartilage degradation and aging through regulation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways, suggesting that it could be an effective treatment for OA. Methods: The effects of metformin on cartilage degradation and chondrocyte aging was determined in a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced OA mouse model and in IL-1β-treated mouse chondrocytes and cartilage explants. Articular cartilage degeneration was graded using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) criteria. Immunostaining, RT-PCR, and western blot analyses were conducted to detect the relative expressions of protein and RNA.
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Rai MF, Tycksen ED, Cai L, Yu J, Wright RW, Brophy RH. Distinct degenerative phenotype of articular cartilage from knees with meniscus tear compared to knees with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:945-955. [PMID: 30797944 PMCID: PMC6536326 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.02.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the transcriptome of articular cartilage from knees with meniscus tears to knees with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Articular cartilage was collected from the non-weight bearing medial intercondylar notch of knees undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM; N = 10, 49.7 ± 10.8 years, 50% females) for isolated medial meniscus tears and knees undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA; N = 10, 66.0 ± 7.6 years, 70% females) due to end-stage OA. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) preparation was subjected to SurePrint G3 human 8 × 60K RNA microarrays to probe differentially expressed transcripts followed by computational exploration of underlying biological processes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed on selected transcripts to validate microarray data. RESULTS We observed that 81 transcripts were significantly differentially expressed (45 elevated, 36 repressed) between APM and TKA samples (≥ 2 fold) at a false discovery rate of ≤ 0.05. Among these, CFD, CSN1S1, TSPAN11, CSF1R and CD14 were elevated in the TKA group, while CHI3L2, HILPDA, COL3A1, COL27A1 and FGF2 were highly expressed in APM group. A few long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snoRNAs) and antisense RNAs were also differentially expressed between the two groups. Transcripts up-regulated in TKA cartilage were enriched for protein localization and activation, chemical stimulus, immune response, and toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Transcripts up-regulated in APM cartilage were enriched for mesenchymal cell apoptosis, epithelial morphogenesis, canonical glycolysis, extracellular matrix organization, cartilage development, and glucose catabolic process. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that APM and TKA cartilage express distinct sets of OA transcripts. The gene profile in cartilage from TKA knees represents an end-stage OA whereas in APM knees it is clearly earlier in the degenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- Genome Technology Access Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Rick W. Wright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
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Peffers MJ, Smagul A, Anderson JR. Proteomic analysis of synovial fluid: current and potential uses to improve clinical outcomes. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:287-302. [PMID: 30793992 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1578214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synovial fluid (SF) is in close proximity to tissues which are primarily altered during articular disease and has significant potential to better understand the underlying disease pathogeneses of articular pathologies and biomarker discovery. Although development of mass spectrometry-based methods has allowed faster and higher sensitivity techniques, interrogation of the SF proteome has been hindered by its large protein concentration dynamic range, impeding quantification of lower abundant proteins. Areas covered: Recent advances have developed methodologies to reduce the large protein concentration dynamic range of SF and subsequently allow deeper exploration of the SF proteome. This review concentrates on methods to overcome biofluid complexity, mass spectrometry proteomics methodologies, extracellular vesicles proteomics and the application of advances within the field in clinical disease, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and juvenile arthritis. A narrative review was conducted with articles searched using PubMed, 1991-2018. Expert opinion: The SF proteomics field faces various challenges, including the requirement for rigorous and standardised methods of sample collection/storage, the sensitivity and specificity of proteomic assays, techniques to combat the large protein concentration dynamic range and comprehensive data analysis to reduce falsely identified markers. Additionally, there are challenges in developing multi 'omic' integration techniques, with computational integration enhancing analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Jayne Peffers
- a Comparative Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Aibek Smagul
- a Comparative Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - James Ross Anderson
- a Comparative Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
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Wiśniewska M, Janczarek I, Piwczyński D. The Aging Phenomenon of Horses With Reference to Human–Horse Relations. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Transcriptome-Wide Analysis of Human Chondrocyte Expansion on Synoviocyte Matrix. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020085. [PMID: 30678371 PMCID: PMC6406362 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human chondrocytes are expanded and used in autologous chondrocyte implantation techniques and are known to rapidly de-differentiate in culture. These chondrocytes, when cultured on tissue culture plastic (TCP), undergo both phenotypical and morphological changes and quickly lose the ability to re-differentiate to produce hyaline-like matrix. Growth on synoviocyte-derived extracellular matrix (SDECM) reduces this de-differentiation, allowing for more than twice the number of population doublings (PD) whilst retaining chondrogenic capacity. The goal of this study was to apply RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis to examine the differences between TCP-expanded and SDECM-expanded human chondrocytes. Human chondrocytes from three donors were thawed from primary stocks and cultured on TCP flasks or on SDECM-coated flasks at physiological oxygen tension (5%) for 4 passages. During log expansion, RNA was extracted from the cell layer (70–90% confluence) at passages 1 and 4. Total RNA was column-purified and DNAse-treated before quality control analysis and next-generation RNA sequencing. Significant effects on gene expression were observed due to both culture surface and passage number. These results offer insight into the mechanism of how SDECM provides a more chondrogenesis-preserving environment for cell expansion, the transcriptome-wide changes that occur with culture, and potential mechanisms for further enhancement of chondrogenesis-preserving growth.
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McCulloch RS, Mente PL, O’Nan AT, Ashwell MS. Articular cartilage gene expression patterns in the tissue surrounding the impact site following applications of shear and axial loads. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:449. [PMID: 30579353 PMCID: PMC6303924 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a degradative joint disease found in humans and commercial swine which can develop from a number of factors, including prior joint trauma. An impact injury model was developed to deliver in vitro loads to disease-free porcine patellae in a model of OA. METHODS Axial impactions (2000 N normal) and shear impactions (500 N normal with induced shear forces) were delivered to 48 randomly assigned patellae. The patellae were then cultured for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days following the impact. Specimens in the tissue surrounding the loading site were harvested and expression of 18 OA related genes was studied via quantitative PCR. The selected genes were previously identified from published work and fell into four categories: cartilage matrix, degradative enzymes, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. RESULTS Type II collagen (Col2a1) showed significantly lower expression in shear vs. axial adjacent tissue at day 0 and 7 (fold changes of 0.40 & 0.19, respectively). In addition, higher expression of degradative enzymes and Fas, an apoptosis gene, was observed in the shear specimens. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a more physiologically valid shear load may induce more damage to surrounding articular cartilage than a normal load alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. McCulloch
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
- Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave, Spokane, WA 99258 USA
| | - P. L. Mente
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
| | - A. T. O’Nan
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - M. S. Ashwell
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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Castro Martins M, Peffers MJ, Lee K, Rubio-Martinez LM. Effects of stanozolol on normal and IL-1β-stimulated equine chondrocytes in vitro. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:103. [PMID: 29554899 PMCID: PMC5859414 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intra-articular administration of stanozolol has shown promising results by improving the clinical management of lameness associated with naturally-occurring osteoarthritis (OA) in horses, and by decreasing osteophyte formation and subchondral bone reaction in sheep following surgically induced OA. However, there is limited evidence on the anti-inflammatory and modulatory properties of stanozolol on articular tissues. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of stanozolol on chondrocyte viability and gene expression in normal equine chondrocytes and an inflammatory in vitro system of OA (interleukin-1β (IL-1β) treated chondrocytes). Results Chondrocytes from normal metacarpophalangeal joints of skeletally mature horses were exposed to four treatment groups: (1) media only (2) media+IL-1β (3) media+IL-1β + stanozolol (4) media+stanozolol. Following exposure, chondrocyte viability and the expression of catabolic, anabolic and structural genes were determined. General linear models with Dunnet’s comparisons with Bonferroni’s adjustment were performed. Cell viability was similar in all groups. Stanozolol treatment reduced gene expression of MMP-13, MMP-1, IL-6 and COX-2 in both normal and IL-1β treated chondrocytes. Stanozolol treatment reduced ADAMTS4 gene expression in normal chondrocytes. Stanozolol reduced the expression of COL2A1. Conclusions The current study demonstrates stanozolol has chondroprotective effects through downregulation of genes for pro-inflammatory/catabolic cytokines and enzymes associated with OA. However, there is no evidence of increased cartilage stimulation through upregulation of the anabolic and structural genes tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Castro Martins
- Department of Equine Clinical Studies, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie Lee
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Luis M Rubio-Martinez
- Department of Equine Clinical Studies, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
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Sieker JT, Proffen BL, Waller KA, Chin K, Karamchedu NP, Akelman MR, Perrone GS, Kiapour AM, Konrad J, Murray MM, Fleming BC. Transcriptional profiling of articular cartilage in a porcine model of early post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:318-329. [PMID: 28671352 PMCID: PMC5752630 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To identify the molecular pathophysiology present in early post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), the transcriptional profile of articular cartilage and its response to surgical PTOA induction were determined. Thirty six Yucatan minipigs underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection and were randomly assigned in equal numbers to no further treatment, reconstruction or ligament repair. Cartilage was harvested at 1 and 4 weeks post-operatively and histology and RNA-sequencing were performed and compared to controls. Microscopic cartilage scores significantly worsened at 1 (p = 0.028) and 4 weeks (p = 0.001) post-surgery relative to controls, but did not differ between untreated, reconstruction or repair groups. Gene expression after ACL reconstruction and ACL transection were similar, with only 0.03% (including SERPINB7 and CR2) and 0.2% of transcripts (including INHBA) differentially expressed at 1 and 4 weeks respectively. COL2A1, COMP, SPARC, CHAD, and EF1ALPHA were the most highly expressed non ribosomal, non mitochondrial genes in the controls and remained abundant after surgery. A total of 1,275 genes were differentially expressed between 1 and 4 weeks post-surgery. With the treatment groups pooled, 682 genes were differentially expressed at both time-points, with the most significant changes observed in MMP1, COCH, POSTN, CYTL1, and PTGFR. This study confirmed the development of a microscopic PTOA stage after ACL surgery in the porcine model. Upregulation of multiple proteases (including MMP1 and ADAMTS4) were found; however, the level of expression remained orders of magnitude below that of extracellular matrix protein-coding genes (including COL2A1 and ACAN). In summary, genes with established roles in PTOA as well as novel targets for specific intervention were identified. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:318-329, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob T. Sieker
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Kimberly A. Waller
- Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Kaitlyn Chin
- Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Naga P. Karamchedu
- Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Matthew R. Akelman
- Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - Ata M. Kiapour
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Johannes Konrad
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Braden C. Fleming
- Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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Rubio-Martínez LM, Rioja E, Castro Martins M, Wipawee S, Clegg P, Peffers MJ. Local anaesthetics or their combination with morphine and/or magnesium sulphate are toxic for equine chondrocytes and synoviocytes in vitro. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:318. [PMID: 29115971 PMCID: PMC5678813 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chondrotoxic effects of local anaesthetics are well reported in humans and some animal species but knowledge on their toxic effects on synoviocytes or equine chondrocytes or the effects on cellular production of inflammatory cytokines is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of local anaesthetics, morphine, magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) or their combinations on cell viability and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression of equine synoviocytes and chondrocytes. Equine synoviocytes and cartilage explants harvested from normal joints in a co-culture system were exposed to mepivacaine (4.4 mg/ml), bupivacaine (2.2 mg/ml), morphine (2.85 mg/ml) and MgSO4 (37 mg/ml) alone or each local anaesthetic plus morphine or MgSO4 or both together. Chondrocyte and synoviocyte cell viability was assessed by CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. Synoviocyte gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6 or TNF-α was measured and compared using the ∆∆CT method. Results Morphine alone, MgSO4 alone or their combination did not alter cell viability or the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 or TNF-α. However, local anaesthetics alone or in combination with morphine and/or MgSO4 reduced cell viability and increased the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6 or TNF-α. Single short exposure to local anaesthetics is toxic to both chondrocytes and synoviocytes and their combination with morphine and/or MgSO4 enhanced the cytotoxic effects. Conclusions This in vitro study gives further evidence of the absence of cytotoxic effects of morphine alone, MgSO4 alone or their combination on normal articular tissues. However, local anaesthetics alone or in combination with morphine and/or MgSO4 have cytotoxic effects on equine articular tissues. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-017-1244-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Rubio-Martínez
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, CH647TE, Neston, UK.
| | - E Rioja
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, CH647TE, Neston, UK
| | - M Castro Martins
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, CH647TE, Neston, UK
| | - S Wipawee
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya (Thailand) and Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Clegg
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M J Peffers
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Steinbusch MMF, Fang Y, Milner PI, Clegg PD, Young DA, Welting TJM, Peffers MJ. Serum snoRNAs as biomarkers for joint ageing and post traumatic osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43558. [PMID: 28252005 PMCID: PMC5333149 DOI: 10.1038/srep43558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective treatments for the age-related disease osteoarthritis and the ability to predict disease progression has been hampered by the lack of biomarkers able to demonstrate the course of the disease. Profiling the expression patterns of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in joint ageing and OA may provide diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study determined expression patterns of snoRNAs in joint ageing and OA and examined them as potential biomarkers. Using SnoRNASeq and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) we demonstrate snoRNA expression levels in murine ageing and OA joints and serum for the first time. SnoRNASeq identified differential expression (DE) of 6 snoRNAs in young versus old joints and 5 snoRNAs in old sham versus old experimental osteoarthritic joints. In serum we found differential presence of 27 snoRNAs in young versus old serum and 18 snoRNAs in old sham versus old experimental osteoarthritic serum. Confirmatory qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated good correlation with SnoRNASeq findings. Profiling the expression patterns of snoRNAs is the initial step in determining their functional significance in ageing and osteoarthritis, and provides potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Our results establish snoRNAs as novel markers of musculoskeletal ageing and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy M F Steinbusch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Peter I Milner
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Apex Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 9TX, UK
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Apex Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 9TX, UK
| | - David A Young
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Apex Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 9TX, UK
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Kuemmerle JM, Theiss F, Okoniewski MJ, Weber FA, Hemmi S, Mirsaidi A, Richards PJ, Cinelli P. Identification of Novel Equine (Equus caballus) Tendon Markers Using RNA Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7110097. [PMID: 27834918 PMCID: PMC5126783 DOI: 10.3390/genes7110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several tendon-selective genes exist, they are also expressed in other musculoskeletal tissues. As cell and tissue engineering is reliant on specific molecular markers to discriminate between cell types, tendon-specific genes need to be identified. In order to accomplish this, we have used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare gene expression between tendon, bone, cartilage and ligament from horses. We identified several tendon-selective gene markers, and established eyes absent homolog 2 (EYA2) and a G-protein regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 3 (GPRIN3) as specific tendon markers using RT-qPCR. Equine tendon cells cultured as three-dimensional spheroids expressed significantly greater levels of EYA2 than GPRIN3, and stained positively for EYA2 using immunohistochemistry. EYA2 was also found in fibroblast-like cells within the tendon tissue matrix and in cells localized to the vascular endothelium. In summary, we have identified EYA2 and GPRIN3 as specific molecular markers of equine tendon as compared to bone, cartilage and ligament, and provide evidence for the use of EYA2 as an additional marker for tendon cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Kuemmerle
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Felix Theiss
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michal J Okoniewski
- Scientific IT Services, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Fabienne A Weber
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sonja Hemmi
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Peter J Richards
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Peffers MJ, Goljanek-Whysall K, Collins J, Fang Y, Rushton M, Loughlin J, Proctor C, Clegg PD. Decoding the Regulatory Landscape of Ageing in Musculoskeletal Engineered Tissues Using Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and RNASeq. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160517. [PMID: 27533049 PMCID: PMC4988628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are capable of multipotent differentiation into connective tissues and as such are an attractive source for autologous cell-based regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Epigenetic mechanisms, like DNA methylation, contribute to the changes in gene expression in ageing. However there was a lack of sufficient knowledge of the role that differential methylation plays during chondrogenic, osteogenic and tenogenic differentiation from ageing MSCs. This study undertook genome level determination of the effects of DNA methylation on expression in engineered tissues from chronologically aged MSCs. We compiled unique DNA methylation signatures from chondrogenic, osteogenic, and tenogenic engineered tissues derived from young; n = 4 (21.8 years ± 2.4 SD) and old; n = 4 (65.5 years±8.3SD) human MSCs donors using the Illumina HumanMethylation 450 Beadchip arrays and compared these to gene expression by RNA sequencing. Unique and common signatures of global DNA methylation were identified. There were 201, 67 and 32 chondrogenic, osteogenic and tenogenic age-related DE protein-coding genes respectively. Findings inferred the nature of the transcript networks was predominantly for 'cell death and survival', 'cell morphology', and 'cell growth and proliferation'. Further studies are required to validate if this gene expression effect translates to cell events. Alternative splicing (AS) was dysregulated in ageing with 119, 21 and 9 differential splicing events identified in chondrogenic, osteogenic and tenogenic respectively, and enrichment in genes associated principally with metabolic processes. Gene ontology analysis of differentially methylated loci indicated age-related enrichment for all engineered tissue types in 'skeletal system morphogenesis', 'regulation of cell proliferation' and 'regulation of transcription' suggesting that dynamic epigenetic modifications may occur in genes associated with shared and distinct pathways dependent upon engineered tissue type. An altered phenotype in engineered tissues was observed with ageing at numerous levels. These changes represent novel insights into the ageing process, with implications for stem cell therapies in older patients. In addition we have identified a number of tissue-dependant pathways, which warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Jayne Peffers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, UK, CH64 7TE
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, UK, CH64 7TE
| | - John Collins
- Thurston Arthritis Research Centre, School Of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, 27599
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, L69 7ZB
| | - Michael Rushton
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE2 4HH
| | - John Loughlin
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE2 4HH
| | - Carole Proctor
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE2 4HH
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE4 5PL
| | - Peter David Clegg
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, UK, CH64 7TE
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Thorpe CT, McDermott BT, Goodship AE, Clegg PD, Birch HL. Ageing does not result in a decline in cell synthetic activity in an injury prone tendon. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 26:684-93. [PMID: 26058332 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Advancing age is a well-known risk factor for tendon disease. Energy-storing tendons [e.g., human Achilles, equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT)] are particularly vulnerable and it is thought that injury occurs following an accumulation of micro-damage in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Several authors suggest that age-related micro-damage accumulates due to a failure of the aging cell population to maintain the ECM or an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic pathways. We hypothesized that ageing results in a decreased ability of tendon cells to synthesize matrix components and matrix-degrading enzymes, resulting in a reduced turnover of the ECM and a decreased ability to repair micro-damage. The SDFT was collected from horses aged 3-30 years with no signs of tendon injury. Cell synthetic and degradative ability was assessed at the mRNA and protein levels. Telomere length was measured as an additional marker of cell ageing. There was no decrease in cellularity or relative telomere length with increasing age, and no decline in mRNA or protein levels for matrix proteins or degradative enzymes. The results suggest that the mechanism for age-related tendon deterioration is not due to reduced cellularity or a loss of synthetic functionality and that alternative mechanisms should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Thorpe
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore, UK
| | - B T McDermott
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Cheshire, UK
| | - A E Goodship
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore, UK
| | - P D Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Cheshire, UK
| | - H L Birch
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore, UK
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Rai MF, Sandell LJ, Zhang B, Wright RW, Brophy RH. RNA Microarray Analysis of Macroscopically Normal Articular Cartilage from Knees Undergoing Partial Medial Meniscectomy: Potential Prediction of the Risk for Developing Osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155373. [PMID: 27171008 PMCID: PMC4865200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives (i) To provide baseline knowledge of gene expression in macroscopically normal articular cartilage, (ii) to test the hypothesis that age, body-mass-index (BMI), and sex are associated with cartilage RNA transcriptome, and (iii) to predict individuals at potential risk for developing “pre-osteoarthritis” (OA) based on screening of genetic risk-alleles associated with OA and gene transcripts differentially expressed between normal and OA cartilage. Design Healthy-appearing cartilage was obtained from the medial femoral notch of 12 knees with a meniscus tear undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Cartilage had no radiographic, magnetic-resonance-imaging or arthroscopic evidence for degeneration. RNA was subjected to Affymetrix microarrays followed by validation of selected transcripts by microfluidic digital polymerase-chain-reaction. The underlying biological processes were explored computationally. Transcriptome-wide gene expression was probed for association with known OA genetic risk-alleles assembled from published literature and for comparison with gene transcripts differentially expressed between healthy and OA cartilage from other studies. Results We generated a list of 27,641 gene transcripts in healthy cartilage. Several gene transcripts representing numerous biological processes were correlated with age and BMI and differentially expressed by sex. Based on disease-specific Ingenuity Pathways Analysis, gene transcripts associated with aging were enriched for bone/cartilage disease while the gene expression profile associated with BMI was enriched for growth-plate calcification and OA. When segregated by genetic risk-alleles, two clusters of study patients emerged, one cluster containing transcripts predicted by risk studies. When segregated by OA-associated gene transcripts, three clusters of study patients emerged, one of which is remarkably similar to gene expression pattern in OA. Conclusions Our study provides a list of gene transcripts in healthy-appearing cartilage. Preliminary analysis into groupings based on OA risk-alleles and OA-associated gene transcripts reveals a subset of patients expressing OA transcripts. Prospective studies in larger cohorts are needed to assess whether these patterns are predictive for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Linda J. Sandell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rick W. Wright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Green BB, Houseman EA, Johnson KC, Guerin DJ, Armstrong DA, Christensen BC, Marsit CJ. Hydroxymethylation is uniquely distributed within term placenta, and is associated with gene expression. FASEB J 2016; 30:2874-84. [PMID: 27118675 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600310r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of cytosine to 5-methylcystosine (5mC) is an important regulator of gene expression. 5mC may be enzymatically converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), with a potentially distinct regulatory function. We sought to investigate these cytosine modifications and their effect on gene expression by parallel processing of genomic DNA using bisulfite and oxidative bisulfite conversion in conjunction with RNA sequencing. Although values of 5hmC across the placental genome were generally low, we identified ∼21,000 loci with consistently elevated levels of 5-hydroxymethycytosine. Absence of 5hmC was observed in CpG islands and, to a greater extent, in non-CpG island-associated regions. 5hmC was enriched within poised enhancers, and depleted within active enhancers, as defined by H3K27ac and H3K4me1 measurements. 5hmC and 5mC were significantly elevated in transcriptionally silent genes when compared with actively transcribed genes. 5hmC was positively associated with transcription in actively transcribed genes only. Our data suggest that dynamic cytosine regulation, associated with transcription, provides the most complete epigenomic landscape of the human placenta, and will be useful for future studies of the placental epigenome.-Green, B. B., Houseman, E. A., Johnson, K. C., Guerin, D. J., Armstrong, D. A., Christensen, B. C., Marsit, C. J. Hydroxymethylation is uniquely distributed within term placenta, and is associated with gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Green
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; and
| | - E Andres Houseman
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kevin C Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; and
| | - Dylan J Guerin
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; and
| | - David A Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; and
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; and
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; and
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Taylor SEB, Lee J, Smeriglio P, Razzaque A, Smith RL, Dragoo JL, Maloney WJ, Bhutani N. Identification of Human Juvenile Chondrocyte-Specific Factors that Stimulate Stem Cell Growth. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:645-53. [PMID: 26955889 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regeneration of human cartilage is inherently inefficient, age is an important risk factor for osteoarthritis. Recent reports have provided compelling evidence that juvenile chondrocytes (from donors below 13 years of age) are more efficient at generating articular cartilage as compared to adult chondrocytes. However, the molecular basis for such a superior regenerative capability is not understood. To identify the cell-intrinsic differences between juvenile and adult cartilage, we have systematically profiled global gene expression changes between a small cohort of human neonatal/juvenile and adult chondrocytes. No such study is available for human chondrocytes although young and old bovine and equine cartilage have been recently profiled. Our studies have identified and validated new factors enriched in juvenile chondrocytes as compared to adult chondrocytes including secreted extracellular matrix factors chordin-like 1 (CHRDL1) and microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4). Network analyses identified cartilage development pathways, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and innate immunity pathways to be overrepresented in juvenile-enriched genes. Finally, CHRDL1 was observed to aid the proliferation and survival of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) while maintaining their stem cell potential. These studies, therefore, provide a mechanism for how young cartilage factors can potentially enhance stem cell function in cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E B Taylor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Piera Smeriglio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Adnan Razzaque
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Robert L Smith
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Jason L Dragoo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - William J Maloney
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Nidhi Bhutani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
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Solano-Aguilar G, Molokin A, Botelho C, Fiorino AM, Vinyard B, Li R, Chen C, Urban J, Dawson H, Andreyeva I, Haverkamp M, Hibberd PL. Transcriptomic Profile of Whole Blood Cells from Elderly Subjects Fed Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 (LGG) in a Phase I Open Label Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147426. [PMID: 26859761 PMCID: PMC4747532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined gene expression of whole blood cells (WBC) from 11 healthy elderly volunteers participating on a Phase I open label study before and after oral treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-ATCC 53103 (LGG)) using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Elderly patients (65–80 yrs) completed a clinical assessment for health status and had blood drawn for cellular RNA extraction at study admission (Baseline), after 28 days of daily LGG treatment (Day 28) and at the end of the study (Day 56) after LGG treatment had been suspended for 28 days. Treatment compliance was verified by measuring LGG-DNA copy levels detected in host fecal samples. Normalized gene expression levels in WBC RNA were analyzed using a paired design built within three analysis platforms (edgeR, DESeq2 and TSPM) commonly used for gene count data analysis. From the 25,990 transcripts detected, 95 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in common by all analysis platforms with a nominal significant difference in gene expression at Day 28 following LGG treatment (FDR<0.1; 77 decreased and 18 increased). With a more stringent significance threshold (FDR<0.05), only two genes (FCER2 and LY86), were down-regulated more than 1.5 fold and met the criteria for differential expression across two analysis platforms. The remaining 93 genes were only detected at this threshold level with DESeq2 platform. Data analysis for biological interpretation of DEGs with an absolute fold change of 1.5 revealed down-regulation of overlapping genes involved with Cellular movement, Cell to cell signaling interactions, Immune cell trafficking and Inflammatory response. These data provide evidence for LGG-induced transcriptional modulation in healthy elderly volunteers because pre-treatment transcription levels were restored at 28 days after LGG treatment was stopped. To gain insight into the signaling pathways affected in response to LGG treatment, DEG were mapped using biological pathways and genomic data mining packages to indicate significant biological relevance. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01274598
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Solano-Aguilar
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Aleksey Molokin
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christine Botelho
- Division of Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne-Maria Fiorino
- Division of Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bryan Vinyard
- Statistics Group, Northeast Area, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert Li
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Celine Chen
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph Urban
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harry Dawson
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Irina Andreyeva
- Division of Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Miriam Haverkamp
- Division of Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Patricia L. Hibberd
- Division of Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Influence of Ageing on Tendon Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 920:247-60. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Aging-related inflammation in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1966-71. [PMID: 26521742 PMCID: PMC4630808 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well accepted that aging is an important contributing factor to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The mechanisms responsible appear to be multifactorial and may include an age-related pro-inflammatory state that has been termed "inflamm-aging." Age-related inflammation can be both systemic and local. Systemic inflammation can be promoted by aging changes in adipose tissue that result in increased production of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Numerous studies have shown an age-related increase in blood levels of IL-6 that has been associated with decreased physical function and frailty. Importantly, higher levels of IL-6 have been associated with an increased risk of knee OA progression. However, knockout of IL-6 in male mice resulted in worse age-related OA rather than less OA. Joint tissue cells, including chondrocytes and meniscal cells, as well as the neighboring infrapatellar fat in the knee joint, can be a local source of inflammatory mediators that increase with age and contribute to OA. An increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators that include cytokines and chemokines, as well as matrix-degrading enzymes important in joint tissue destruction, can be the result of cell senescence and the development of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Further studies are needed to better understand the basis for inflamm-aging and its role in OA with the hope that this work will lead to new interventions targeting inflammation to reduce not only joint tissue destruction but also pain and disability in older adults with OA.
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MicroRNAs' Involvement in Osteoarthritis and the Prospects for Treatments. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:236179. [PMID: 26587043 PMCID: PMC4637488 DOI: 10.1155/2015/236179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease and its etiology is complex. With increasing OA incidence, more and more people are facing heavy financial and social burdens from the disease. Genetics-related aspects of OA pathogenesis are not well understood. Recent reports have examined the molecular mechanisms and genes related to OA. It has been realized that genetic changes in articular cartilage and bone may contribute to OA's development. Osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes in joints must express appropriate genes to achieve tissue homeostasis, and errors in this can cause OA. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that have been discovered to be overarching regulators of gene expression. Their ability to repress many target genes and their target-binding specificity indicate a complex network of interactions, which is still being defined. Many studies have focused on the role of miRNAs in bone and cartilage and have identified numbers of miRNAs that play important roles in regulating bone and cartilage homeostasis. Those miRNAs may also be involved in the pathology of OA, which is the focus of this review. Future studies on the role of miRNAs in OA will provide important clues leading to a better understanding of the mechanism(s) of OA and, more particularly, to the development of therapeutic targets for OA.
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Taylor SEB, Li YH, Wong WH, Bhutani N. Genome-wide mapping of DNA hydroxymethylation in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2129-40. [PMID: 25940674 DOI: 10.1002/art.39179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the genome-wide distribution of hydroxymethylated cytosine (5hmC) in osteoarthritic (OA) and normal chondrocytes in order to investigate the effect on OA-specific gene expression. METHODS Cartilage was obtained from OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty or from control patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Genome-wide sequencing of 5hmC-enriched DNA was performed in a small cohort of normal and OA chondrocytes to identify differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) in OA chondrocytes. Data from the genome-wide sequencing of 5hmC-enriched DNA were intersected with global OA gene expression data to define subsets of genes and pathways potentially affected by increased 5hmC levels in OA chondrocytes. RESULTS A total of 70,591 DhMRs were identified in OA chondrocytes as compared to normal chondrocytes, 44,288 (63%) of which were increased in OA chondrocytes. The majority of DhMRs (66%) were gained in gene bodies. Increased DhMRs were observed in ∼50% of genes previously implicated in OA pathology including MMP3, LRP5, GDF5, and COL11A1. Furthermore, analyses of gene expression data revealed gene body gain of 5hmC appears to be preferentially associated with activated, but not repressed, genes in OA chondrocytes. CONCLUSION This study provides the first genome-wide profiling of 5hmC distribution in OA chondrocytes. We had previously reported a global increase in 5hmC levels in OA chondrocytes. Gain of 5hmC in the gene body is found to be characteristic of activated genes in OA chondrocytes, highlighting the influence of 5hmC as an epigenetic mark in OA. In addition, this study identifies multiple OA-associated genes that are potentially regulated either singularly by gain of DNA hydroxymethylation or in combination with loss of DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ye Henry Li
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Wing H Wong
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Nidhi Bhutani
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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RNA sequencing as a powerful tool in searching for genes influencing health and performance traits of horses. J Appl Genet 2015; 57:199-206. [PMID: 26446669 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) by next-generation technology is a powerful tool which creates new possibilities in whole-transcriptome analysis. In recent years, with the use of the RNA-seq method, several studies expanded transcriptional gene profiles to understand interactions between genotype and phenotype, supremely contributing to the field of equine biology. To date, in horses, massive parallel sequencing of cDNA has been successfully used to identify and quantify mRNA levels in several normal tissues, as well as to annotate genes. Moreover, the RNA-seq method has been applied to identify the genetic basis of several diseases or to investigate organism adaptation processes to the training conditions. The use of the RNA-seq approach has also confirmed that horses can be useful as a large animal model for human disease, especially in the field of immune response. The presented review summarizes the achievements of profiling gene expression in horses (Equus caballus).
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McQueen CM, Dindot SV, Foster MJ, Cohen ND. Genetic Susceptibility to Rhodococcus equi. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1648-59. [PMID: 26340305 PMCID: PMC4895676 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodococcus equi pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal foals. Much effort has been made to identify preventative measures and new treatments for R. equi with limited success. With a growing focus in the medical community on understanding the genetic basis of disease susceptibility, investigators have begun to evaluate the interaction of the genetics of the foal with R. equi. This review describes past efforts to understand the genetic basis underlying R. equi susceptibility and tolerance. It also highlights the genetic technology available to study horses and describes the use of this technology in investigating R. equi. This review provides readers with a foundational understanding of candidate gene approaches, single nucleotide polymorphism‐based, and copy number variant‐based genome‐wide association studies, and next generation sequencing (both DNA and RNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- C M McQueen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - S V Dindot
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - M J Foster
- Medical Sciences Library, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - N D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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McIlwraith CW, Clegg PD. Science in brief: Report on the Havemeyer Foundation workshop on equine musculoskeletal biomarkers--current knowledge and future needs. Equine Vet J 2015; 46:651-3. [PMID: 25319159 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C W McIlwraith
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
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Peffers MJ, McDermott B, Clegg PD, Riggs CM. Comprehensive protein profiling of synovial fluid in osteoarthritis following protein equalization. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1204-13. [PMID: 25819577 PMCID: PMC4528073 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to characterise the protein complement of synovial fluid (SF) in health and osteoarthritis (OA) using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) following peptide-based depletion of high abundance proteins. DESIGN SF was used from nine normal and nine OA Thoroughbred horses. Samples were analysed with LC-MS/MS using a NanoAcquity™ LC coupled to an LTQ Orbitrap Velos. In order to enrich the lower-abundance protein fractions protein equalisation was first undertaken using ProteoMiner™. Progenesis-QI™ LC-MS software was used for label-free quantification. In addition immunohistochemistry, western blotting and mRNA expression analysis was undertaken on selected joint tissues. RESULTS The number of protein identifications was increased by 33% in the ProteoMiner™ treated SF compared to undepleted SF. A total of 764 proteins (462 with≥2 significant peptides) were identified in SF. A subset of 10 proteins were identified which were differentially expressed in OA SF. S100-A10, a calcium binding protein was upregulated in OA and validated with western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Several new OA specific peptide fragments (neopeptides) were identified. CONCLUSION The protein equalisation method compressed the dynamic range of the synovial proteins identifying the most comprehensive SF proteome to date. A number of proteins were identified for the first time in SF which may be involved in the pathogenesis of OA. We identified a distinct set of proteins and neopeptides that may act as potential biomarkers to distinguish between normal and OA joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Peffers
- Comparative Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - B McDermott
- Comparative Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - P D Clegg
- Comparative Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - C M Riggs
- Hong Kong Jockey Club, Equine Hospital, Sha Tin Racecourse, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Insights into osteoarthritis progression revealed by analyses of both knee tibiofemoral compartments. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:571-80. [PMID: 25575966 PMCID: PMC4814163 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify disease relevant genes and pathways associated with knee Osteoarthritis (OA) progression in human subjects using medial and lateral compartment dominant OA knee tissue. DESIGN Gene expression of knee cartilage was comprehensively assessed for three regions of interest from human medial dominant OA (n = 10) and non-OA (n = 6) specimens. Histology and gene expression were compared for the regions with minimal degeneration, moderate degeneration and significant degeneration. Agilent whole-genome microarray was performed and data were analyzed using Agilent GeneSpring GX11.5. Significant differentially regulated genes were further investigated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify functional categories. To confirm their association with disease severity as opposed to site within the knee, 30 differentially expressed genes, identified by microarray, were analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on additional medial (n = 16) and lateral (n = 10) compartment dominant knee OA samples. RESULTS A total of 767 genes were differentially expressed ≥ two-fold (P ≤ 0.05) in lesion compared to relatively intact regions. Analysis of these data by IPA predicted biological functions related to an imbalance of anabolism and catabolism of cartilage matrix components. Up-regulated expression of IL11, POSTN, TNFAIP6, and down-regulated expression of CHRDL2, MATN4, SPOCK3, VIT, PDE3B were significantly associated with OA progression and validated in both medial and lateral compartment dominant OA samples. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a strategy for identifying targets whose modification may have the potential to ameliorate pathological alternations and progression of disease in cartilage and to serve as biomarkers for identifying individuals susceptible to progression.
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Irizar H, Muñoz-Culla M, Sáenz-Cuesta M, Osorio-Querejeta I, Sepúlveda L, Castillo-Triviño T, Prada A, Lopez de Munain A, Olascoaga J, Otaegui D. Identification of ncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis through differential ncRNA - mRNA network analysis. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:250. [PMID: 25880556 PMCID: PMC4391585 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have revealed a potential role for both small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the physiopathology of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). This potential implication has been mainly described through differential expression studies. However, it has been suggested that, in order to extract additional information from large-scale expression experiments, differential expression studies must be complemented with differential network studies. Thus, the present work is aimed at the identification of potential therapeutic ncRNA targets for RRMS through differential network analysis of ncRNA – mRNA coexpression networks. ncRNA – mRNA coexpression networks have been constructed from both selected ncRNA (specifically miRNAs, snoRNAs and sdRNAs) and mRNA large-scale expression data obtained from 22 patients in relapse, the same 22 patients in remission and 22 healthy controls. Condition-specific (relapse, remission and healthy) networks have been built and compared to identify the parts of the system most affected by perturbation and aid the identification of potential therapeutic targets among the ncRNAs. Results All the coexpression networks we built present a scale-free topology and many snoRNAs are shown to have a prominent role in their architecture. The differential network analysis (relapse vs. remission vs. controls’ networks) has revealed that, although both network topology and the majority of the genes are maintained, few ncRNA – mRNA links appear in more than one network. We have selected as potential therapeutic targets the ncRNAs that appear in the disease-specific network and were found to be differentially expressed in a previous study. Conclusions Our results suggest that the diseased state of RRMS has a strong impact on the ncRNA – mRNA network of peripheral blood leukocytes, as a massive rewiring of the network happens between conditions. Our findings also indicate that the role snoRNAs have in targeted gene silencing is a widespread phenomenon. Finally, among the potential therapeutic target ncRNAs, SNORA40 seems to be the most promising candidate. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1396-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritz Irizar
- Multiple Sclerosis group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20001, Spain. .,Spanish Network on Multiple Sclerosis (REEM), San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Maider Muñoz-Culla
- Multiple Sclerosis group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20001, Spain. .,Spanish Network on Multiple Sclerosis (REEM), San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Matías Sáenz-Cuesta
- Multiple Sclerosis group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20001, Spain. .,Spanish Network on Multiple Sclerosis (REEM) and Immunology Department, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Iñaki Osorio-Querejeta
- Multiple Sclerosis group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20001, Spain. .,Spanish Network on Multiple Sclerosis (REEM), San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Lucía Sepúlveda
- Multiple Sclerosis group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20001, Spain. .,Spanish Network on Multiple Sclerosis (REEM), San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Tamara Castillo-Triviño
- Multiple Sclerosis group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20001, Spain. .,Spanish Network on Multiple Sclerosis (REEM) and Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Alvaro Prada
- Multiple Sclerosis group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20001, Spain. .,Immunology Department, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain. .,Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UVP/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Javier Olascoaga
- Multiple Sclerosis group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20001, Spain. .,Spanish Network on Multiple Sclerosis (REEM) and Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - David Otaegui
- Multiple Sclerosis group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20001, Spain. .,Spanish Network on Multiple Sclerosis (REEM), San Sebastián, Spain.
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Peffers MJ, Fang Y, Cheung K, Wei TKJ, Clegg PD, Birch HL. Transcriptome analysis of ageing in uninjured human Achilles tendon. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:33. [PMID: 25888722 PMCID: PMC4355574 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The risk of tendon injury and disease increases significantly with increasing age. The aim of the study was to characterise transcriptional changes in human Achilles tendon during the ageing process in order to identify molecular signatures that might contribute to age-related degeneration. METHODS RNA for gene expression analysis using RNA-Seq and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was isolated from young and old macroscopically normal human Achilles tendon. RNA sequence libraries were prepared following ribosomal RNA depletion, and sequencing was undertaken by using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Expression levels among genes were compared by using fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments mapped. Differentially expressed genes were defined by using Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate approach (P<0.05, expression ratios 1.4 log2 fold change). Alternative splicing of exon variants were also examined by using Cufflinks. The functional significance of genes that showed differential expression between young and old tendon was determined by using ingenuity pathway analysis. RESULTS In total, the expression of 325 transcribed elements, including protein-coding transcripts and non-coding transcripts (small non-coding RNAs, pseudogenes, long non-coding RNAs and a single microRNA), was significantly different in old compared with young tendon (±1.4 log2 fold change, P<0.05). Of these, 191 were at higher levels in older tendon and 134 were at lower levels in older tendon. The top networks for genes differentially expressed with tendon age were from cellular function, cellular growth, and cellular cycling pathways. Notable differential transcriptome changes were also observed in alternative splicing patterns. Several of the top gene ontology terms identified in downregulated isoforms in old tendon related to collagen and post-translational modification of collagen. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates dynamic alterations in RNA with age at numerous genomic levels, indicating changes in the regulation of transcriptional networks. The results suggest that ageing is not primarily associated with loss of ability to synthesise matrix proteins and matrix-degrading enzymes. In addition, we have identified non-coding RNA genes and differentially expressed transcript isoforms of known matrix components with ageing which require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Jayne Peffers
- Comparative Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Kathleen Cheung
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Tim Koh Jia Wei
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Road, Singapore, 599489, Singapore.
| | - Peter David Clegg
- Comparative Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - Helen Lucy Birch
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Stanmore Campus, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK.
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Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression mainly at the posttranscriptional level. Many different miRNAs are expressed in chondrocytes, and each individual miRNA can regulate hundreds of target genes, creating a complex gene regulatory network. Experimental evidence suggests that miRNAs play significant roles in various aspects of cartilage development, homeostasis, and pathology. The possibility that miRNAs can be novel therapeutic targets for cartilage diseases led to vigorous investigations to understand the role of individual miRNAs in skeletal tissues. Here, we summarize our current understanding of miRNAs in chondrocytes and cartilage. In the first part, we discuss roles of miRNAs in growth plate development and chondrocyte differentiation. In the second part, we put a particular focus on articular cartilage and discuss the significance of variety of findings in the context of osteoarthritis, the most common degenerative joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mirzamohammadi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Garyfallia Papaioannou
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Progression of Gene Expression Changes following a Mechanical Injury to Articular Cartilage as a Model of Early Stage Osteoarthritis. ARTHRITIS 2014; 2014:371426. [PMID: 25478225 PMCID: PMC4248372 DOI: 10.1155/2014/371426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An impact injury model of early stage osteoarthritis (OA) progression was developed using a mechanical insult to an articular cartilage surface to evaluate differential gene expression changes over time and treatment. Porcine patellae with intact cartilage surfaces were randomized to one of three treatments: nonimpacted control, axial impaction (2000 N), or a shear impaction (500 N axial, with tangential displacement to induce shear forces). After impact, the patellae were returned to culture for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days. At the appropriate time point, RNA was extracted from full-thickness cartilage slices at the impact site. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate differential gene expression for 18 OA related genes from four categories: cartilage matrix, degradative enzymes and inhibitors, inflammatory response and signaling, and cell apoptosis. The shear impacted specimens were compared to the axial impacted specimens and showed that shear specimens more highly expressed type I collagen (Col1a1) at the early time points. In addition, there was generally elevated expression of degradative enzymes, inflammatory response genes, and apoptosis markers at the early time points. These changes suggest that the more physiologically relevant shear loading may initially be more damaging to the cartilage and induces more repair efforts after loading.
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