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Venetsanopoulou AI, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA. Optimizing withdrawal strategies for anti-TNF-α therapies in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024; 24:815-825. [PMID: 39051615 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2384000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. While treatment options have expanded over the years, including the introduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) inhibitors (TNFi), optimizing withdrawal strategies for these agents remains a challenge. AREAS COVERED This review examines the current evidence on TNFi withdrawal strategies in RA, focusing on factors influencing withdrawal decisions such as disease activity monitoring, treatment response, patient characteristics, and biomarkers. A comprehensive literature search was conducted, including randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and expert guidelines. The pathophysiology of RA, current pharmacological agents, and the treat-to-target strategy are discussed to provide a holistic understanding of RA management. EXPERT OPINION Withdrawal strategies could be suitable for certain patients, keeping in mind that several factors influence withdrawal decisions, including treatment response, disease activity and monitoring, and patient characteristics. The decision to withdraw TNFi must balance the benefits against the potential risks of disease flare and long-term treatment-related adverse effects. Combining DMARDs and TNFi early improves outcomes, supporting tapering strategies for cost-effectiveness and flare prevention. Future directions, including precision medicine approaches, patient-centered care models, and health economics analyses, are proposed to further optimize RA management and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki I Venetsanopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paraskevi V Voulgari
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros A Drosos
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Chen F, Lang Y, Geng S, Wang X, Lu L, Ye S, Zhang L, Li T. The effective threshold dose of etanercept in patients with methotrexate-resistant rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:2777-2786. [PMID: 37415053 PMCID: PMC10497429 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was advanced by biological agents, yet costly. This study aims to identify the effective threshold dose of etanercept (ENT) and cost-effectiveness in methotrexate (MTX)-resistant RA in real world. METHODS Eligible patients had an inadequate response (DAS28-ESR > 3.2) to initial MTX monotherapy, and subsequently received etanercept. The effective cut-off value of cumulative dose was identified to maintain remission response (DAS28-ESR < 2.6) at month 24 by using restricted cubic splines. Remission rate, low disease activity (LDA) rate, glucocorticoid exposure, safety, and cost-effectiveness were compared between the saturated and non-saturated dose groups divided by the cut-off dose. RESULTS Seventy-eight (14.2%) of 549 enrolled patients were eligible, and 72 patients completed follow-up. The 2-year cumulative cut-off dose that maintained remission response at 24 months was 1975 mg. And the recommended threshold dosing strategy of etanercept was twice weekly (BIW) for the first 6 months, every week (QW) for the next 6 months, and every 2 weeks (Q2W) and every month (QM) for the second year. Greater net changes in DAS28-ESR score were observed in the ENT saturated dose group than in the non-saturated dose group (average change 0.569, 95%CI 0.236-0.901, p = 0.001). The proportion of patients achieving remission (27.8% vs 72.2%, p < 0.001) and LDA (58.3% vs 83.3%, p = 0.020) in the non-saturated group was both significantly lower than that in the saturated group at 24 months. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the saturated group referred to the non-saturated group was 5791.2 $/QALY. CONCLUSIONS In refractory RA patients, the effective cumulative cut-off dose of etanercept for sustained remission at 24 months was calculated as 1975 mg, and receiving saturated dose was more effective and cost-effective than with non-saturated dose. Key Points • The effective cumulative cut-off dose of etanercept for sustained remission at 24 months in RA patients is calculated as 1975 mg. • Receiving saturated dose of etanercept is more effective and cost-effective than with non-saturated dose in refractory RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitian Lang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shikai Geng
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Ebina K, Etani Y, Maeda Y, Okita Y, Hirao M, Yamamoto W, Hashimoto M, Murata K, Hara R, Nagai K, Hiramatsu Y, Son Y, Amuro H, Fujii T, Okano T, Ueda Y, Katayama M, Okano T, Tachibana S, Hayashi S, Kumanogoh A, Okada S, Nakata K. Drug retention of biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the ANSWER cohort study. RMD Open 2023; 9:e003160. [PMID: 37597846 PMCID: PMC10441119 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This multicentre retrospective study in Japan aimed to assess the retention of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), and to clarify the factors affecting their retention in a real-world cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS The study included 6666 treatment courses (bDMARD-naïve or JAKi-naïve cases, 55.4%; tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) = 3577; anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibodies (aIL-6R) = 1497; cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-Ig (CTLA4-Ig) = 1139; JAKi=453 cases). The reasons for discontinuation were divided into four categories (ineffectiveness, toxic adverse events, non-toxic reasons and remission); multivariate Cox proportional hazards modelling by potential confounders was used to analyse the HRs of treatment discontinuation. RESULTS TNFi (HR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.69 to 2.19), CTLA4-Ig (HR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.67) and JAKi (HR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.63) showed a higher discontinuation rate due to ineffectiveness than aIL-6R. TNFi (HR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.56) and aIL-6R (HR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.57) showed a higher discontinuation rate due to toxic adverse events than CTLA4-Ig. Concomitant use of oral glucocorticoids (GCs) at baseline was associated with higher discontinuation rate due to ineffectiveness in TNFi (HR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.41), as well as toxic adverse events in JAKi (HR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.23 to 4.28) and TNFi (HR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.07 to 1.55). CONCLUSIONS TNFi (HR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.37 to 1.68) and CTLA4-Ig (HR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.30) showed a higher overall drug discontinuation rate, excluding non-toxicity and remission, than aIL-6R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ebina
- Department of Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Etani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Okita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamamoto
- Department of Health Information Management, Kurashiki Sweet Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Murata
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Hara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Koji Nagai
- Department of Internal Medicine (Ⅳ), Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Yuri Hiramatsu
- Department of Internal Medicine (Ⅳ), Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Yonsu Son
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Hideki Amuro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujii
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaichi Okano
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yo Ueda
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayama
- Department of Rheumatology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shotaro Tachibana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Birkner B, Rech J, Edelmann E, Verheyen F, Schett G, Stargardt T. Patient-individual tapering of DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis patients in a real-world setting. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 62:1476-1484. [PMID: 35980267 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to provide real-world evidence on the effectiveness of patient-individual tapering of DMARDs for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in daily clinical practice using medical records and claims data. METHODS We utilize data obtained through a controlled prospective cohort study in Germany conducted from July 2018 to March 2021. Participants consist of RA patients in sustained remission (>6 months) who were eligible for tapering at enrolment. Patients treated with individual tapering based on shared decision making (n = 200) are compared with patients without any dose-reduction (n = 237). The risk of loss of remission and the risk of flare is assessed with risk-adjusted Kaplan-Meier estimators and Cox-Regressions. We evaluate differences in costs one year before and after baseline based on claims data for the subgroup of patients insured at one major sickness fund in Germany (n = 76). RESULTS The risk of flare (HR 0.88 95%-CI: 0.59-1.30) or loss of remission (HR 1.04 95%-CI: 0.73, 1.49) was not statistically different between the individual tapering group and the continuation group. Minor increases of disease activity and decreases of quality of life were observed 12 months after baseline, again with no statistically significant difference. Drug costs decreased by 1,017€in the individual tapering group while increased by 1,151€in the continuation group (p< 0.01). CONCLUSION Individual tapering of DMARDs does not increase the average risk of experiencing flares or loss of remission. Encouraging rheumatologists and patients to apply tapering in shared decision may be a feasible approach to allow individualisation of treatment in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Birkner
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics (HCHE), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rech
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tom Stargardt
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics (HCHE), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Hamada K, Oishi K, Murata Y, Hirano T, Matsunaga K. Feasibility of Discontinuing Biologics in Severe Asthma: An Algorithmic Approach. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:1463-1471. [PMID: 34908847 PMCID: PMC8665775 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s340684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In severe asthma with type 2 (T2) inflammation, biologics targeting key mediators of T2 inflammation, including interleukin (IL)-5, IL-4/IL-13, and immunoglobulin (Ig)E, remarkably improve the management of severe asthma, providing new insights into the clinical course of asthma such as disease modification and broad modulation of T2 inflammation. Once severe asthma has become a “controllable” condition, the question of discontinuation of biologics arises due to cost and side effects. The studies on discontinuing biologics in asthma demonstrate that some of patients successfully discontinue biologics, indicating that it is a feasible option in a subset of patients. Incorporating the evidence of discontinuation, we propose the criteria for the discontinuation of biologics. Our proposed criteria for the discontinuation of biologics consist of an absence of asthma symptoms (asthma control questionnaire [ACQ] score < 1.5 or asthma control test [ACT] score > 19), no asthma exacerbations, no use of oral corticosteroids, normalized spirometry (forced exhaled volume in 1 second [FEV1] ≥ 80%), suppressed T2 inflammation (blood eosinophil counts < 300 μL and fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO] < 50 ppb), and control of asthma comorbidities. Real-world evidence verified a subset of patients achieving highly well-controlled conditions after use of biologics, namely super-responders, who are candidates for the discontinuation of biologics. If super-responders meet all of the criteria, they are allowed to discontinue biological therapies. Our proposed algorithm may support physicians’ treatment decisions for patients receiving biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Keiji Oishi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoriyuki Murata
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tsunahiko Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuto Matsunaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Ochiai M, Tanaka E, Sato E, Inoue E, Abe M, Saka K, Sugano E, Sugitani N, Higuchi Y, Yamaguchi R, Sugimoto N, Ikari K, Nakajima A, Yamanaka H, Harigai M. Successful discontinuation of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in real-world settings. Mod Rheumatol 2021; 31:790-795. [PMID: 33538611 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2021.1883252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the proportion of successful biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) discontinuation and related factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical settings. METHODS Among 1775 RA patients who started bDMARDs between 2003 and 2012, 43 patients with DAS28-ESR <3.2 at the time of bDMARD discontinuation were extracted. Patients were divided into two groups (bio-free success: BS and bio-free failure: BF groups) based on bDMARD usage and disease activity 1 year after discontinuation. We evaluated the proportion of bio-free success and assessed factors related to bio-free success. RESULTS Twenty-five patients (58.1%: BS group) maintained discontinuation of bDMARDs and DAS28-ESR <3.2 at 1 year after discontinuation. The median DAS28-ESR at bDMARD initiation was lower in the BS group than in the BF group (3.95 vs 5.04; p = .04). The BS group experienced a larger decrease in average glucocorticoid (GC) dose during bDMARD use than the BF group (-3.0 mg/day vs 0 mg/day; p = .01). CONCLUSION bDMARDs were discontinued without flare up of RA in 58.1% of patients with RA in clinical settings. A lower DAS28-ESR at initiation and reduction of GC dose before discontinuation of bDMARD were important factors associated with bio-free success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Ochiai
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tanaka
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Keyaki Total Clinic, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eisuke Inoue
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Administration Center, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Abe
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Saka
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sugano
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sugitani
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Higuchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Yamaguchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ikari
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakajima
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Mie University Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamanaka
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Rheumatology, Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Harigai
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Lee JS, Oh JS, Hong S, Kim YG, Lee CK, Yoo B. Six-month flare risk after discontinuing long-term methotrexate treatment in patients having rheumatoid arthritis with low disease activity. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:1076-1081. [PMID: 33021334 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the disease flare rate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who achieved low disease activity following long-term methotrexate (MTX) treatment and the factors related to flare. METHODS This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included patients with RA and low disease activity who were exposed to MTX for >10 years. Disease flare was defined as an increase in Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28) of >1.2 within 6 months of discontinuation of MTX. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with flare. RESULTS In total, 97 patients with RA were included in the study. The mean baseline DAS28 was 1.96 ± 0.56. The median cumulative MTX dose was 11.7 g; the median duration of exposure to MTX was 19 years. Following MTX discontinuation, flare occurred in 43 (44.3%) patients; the median time to flare was 99 (28-168) days. According to univariate logistic regression analysis, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at discontinuation, the average ESR in the 6 months before discontinuation of MTX, a weekly dose of MTX before discontinuation, and use of other conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were associated with a higher risk of disease flare. In multivariable analysis, a weekly dose of MTX before discontinuation (odds ratio 1.014; 95% CI 1.014-1.342; P = .031) was significantly associated with flare risk. CONCLUSION Among patients with RA who achieved low disease activity with long-term treatment with MTX, more than half remained flare free after MTX discontinuation. A higher MTX dose before discontinuation was associated with a high flare risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Veterans Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Oh
- Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seokchan Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bin Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Schlager L, Loiskandl M, Aletaha D, Radner H. Predictors of successful discontinuation of biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in remission or low disease activity: a systematic literature review. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:324-334. [PMID: 31325305 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review possible predictors of successful discontinuation of biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs (b/tsDMARDs) in RA patients in remission or low disease activity. METHODS MEDLINE database and Cochrane Library were scanned for studies that discontinued b/tsDMARDs in remission/low disease activity and searched for predictors of successful discontinuation. Additionally, EULAR and ACR meeting abstracts were hand searched. RESULTS Thirty-four studies with a total of 5724 patients were included. Predictors of successful b/tsDMARD discontinuation were (number of studies): low disease activity (n = 13), better physical function (n = 6), low or absence of rheumatoid factor (n = 5) or ACPA (n = 3), low levels of CRP (n = 3) or ESR (n = 3), shorter disease duration (n = 3), low signals of disease activity by ultrasound (n = 3). Only one study with high risk of bias was identified on tsDMARD discontinuation. CONCLUSION Several predictors of successful bDMARD discontinuation were identified. Although studies are heterogeneous, these predictors may inform clinical decision making in patients who are considered for a potential bDMARD discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schlager
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Loiskandl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Aletaha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Radner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kawabe A, Nakano K, Kubo S, Asakawa T, Tanaka Y. Differential long-term retention of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by age group from the FIRST registry. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:136. [PMID: 32513309 PMCID: PMC7282084 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness and safety of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) by age group (< 65, 65-74, and ≥ 75 years) are uncertain. We examined retention rates reflecting the effectiveness and safety of bDMARDs in actual clinical practice for clarifying optimal therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by age groups. METHODS Data of patients who were treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), abatacept (ABA), and tocilizumab (TCZ) between February 2011 and April 2017 were collected from a prospective observational registry of RA patients. A total of 1362 patients were enrolled, of which 695 were aged < 65 years, 402 were aged 65-74 years, and 265 were aged ≥ 75 years. Primary outcome was the drug retention rate in adjusted data using inverse probability of treatment weighting based on generalized propensity scores. RESULTS In patients aged < 65 years, 3-year retention rates of TNFi, ABA, and TCZ were 43%, 47%, and 69%, respectively (ABA versus TCZ, p = 0.017; TNFi versus TCZ, p = 0.002). In patients aged 65-74 years, 3-year retention rates of TNFi, ABA, and TCZ were 44%, 53%, and 60%, respectively (TCZ versus TNFi, p = 0.034). In patients aged ≥ 75 years, 3-year retention rates for TNFi, ABA, and TCZ were 38%, 63%, and 58%, respectively (ABA versus TNFi, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS We found that the effectiveness and safety of TCZ were maximal in patients aged < 75 years and that patients aged ≥ 75 years might be suitable candidates for TCZ and ABA therapy. The use of therapeutic strategies appropriate to each age group might improve the outcomes of bDMARD therapy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kawabe
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakano
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kubo
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Asakawa
- Department of Information Systems Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
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Emery P, Burmester GR, Naredo E, Sinigaglia L, Lagunes I, Koenigsbauer F, Conaghan PG. Adalimumab dose tapering in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who are in long-standing clinical remission: results of the phase IV PREDICTRA study. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1023-1030. [PMID: 32404343 PMCID: PMC7392484 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between baseline disease activity and the occurrence of flares after adalimumab tapering or withdrawal in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in sustained remission. METHODS The PREDICTRA phase IV, randomised, double-blind (DB) study (ImPact of Residual Inflammation Detected via Imaging TEchniques, Drug Levels, and Patient Characteristics on the Outcome of Dose TaperIng of Adalimumab in Clinical Remission Rheumatoid ArThritis (RA) Patients) enrolled patients with RA receiving adalimumab 40 mg every other week who were in sustained remission ≥6 months. After a 4-week, open-label lead-in (OL-LI) period, patients were randomised 5:1 to DB adalimumab taper (every 3 weeks) or withdrawal (placebo) for 36 weeks. The primary endpoint was the association between DB baseline hand and wrist MRI-detected inflammation with flare occurrence. RESULTS Of 146 patients treated during the OL-LI period, 122 were randomised to taper (n=102) or withdrawal (n=20) arms. Patients had a mean 12.9 years of active disease and had received adalimumab for a mean of 5.4 years (mean 2.2 years in sustained remission). Overall, 37 (36%) and 9 (45%) patients experienced a flare in the taper and withdrawal arms, respectively (time to flare, 18.0 and 13.3 weeks). None of the DB baseline disease characteristics or adalimumab concentration was associated with flare occurrence after adalimumab tapering. Approximately half of the patients who flared regained clinical remission after 16 weeks of open-label rescue adalimumab. The safety profile was consistent with previous studies. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-third of patients who tapered adalimumab versus half who withdrew adalimumab experienced a flare within 36 weeks. Time to flare was numerically longer in the taper versus withdrawal arm. Baseline MRI inflammation was not associated with flare occurrence. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02198651, EudraCT 2014-001114-26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK .,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Gerd R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Esperanza Naredo
- Department of Rheumatology, Joint and Bone Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigi Sinigaglia
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Lagunes
- Global Medical Affairs Rheumatology, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Philip G Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
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11
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Yamaguchi A, Hirata S, Kubo S, Fukuyo S, Hanami K, Nakano K, Nakayamada S, Saito K, Tanaka Y. 5-year remission rate after the discontinuation of adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Long-term follow-up results of the HONOR study. Mod Rheumatol 2019; 30:799-806. [PMID: 31814496 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2019.1702141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the rate and factors associated with remission (disease activity score (DAS) 28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of <2.6) during a 5-year follow-up after the discontinuation of adalimumab (ADA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: 75 patients who had been treated with ADA + methotrexate (MTX) and maintained DAS28-ESR <2.6 for at least 6 months were enrolled. Among them, 52 patients discontinued ADA, and 46 patients completed a 5-year follow-up.Results: During the 5 years, 11 patients had DAS28-ESR <2.6. In 15 patients with DAS28-ESR <3.2, no significant changes were found in the health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI) and modified total Sharp score (mTSS). When comparing patients with DAS28-ESR ≤1.61 versus 1.61 <DAS28-ESR <2.6, 50% and 15% of the two groups demonstrated sustained remission, respectively. Remission was more common in patients with shorter disease duration (≤2 years) than those with longer duration (>2 years). Among 31 patients who experienced flare, ADA was restarted in 24 patients, and 17 patients of these achieved DAS28-ESR <3.2 within 1-year.Conclusion: During the 5-year ADA-free period, remission rate was persistent in 21% of the patients. ADA-free remission was possible especially in patients with deeper remission (DAS28-ESR ≤1.61) and shorter disease duration (≤2 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Yamaguchi
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hirata
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kubo
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Fukuyo
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanami
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakano
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakayamada
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Saito
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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12
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Update of the Mexican College of Rheumatology Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis, 2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 17:215-228. [PMID: 31103432 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic advances in rheumatoid arthritis require periodic review of treatment guidelines. OBJECTIVE To update the Mexican College of Rheumatology guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. METHOD Board certified rheumatologists from different health institutions and regions of the country participated. Work teams were formed that reviewed the previous guidelines, elaborated new questions, reviewed the literature, and scored the evidence that was presented and discussed in plenary session. The conclusions were presented to infectologists, gynaecologists and patients. Recommendations were based on levels of evidence according to GRADE methodology. RESULTS Updated recommendations on the use of available medications for rheumatoid arthritis treatment in Mexico up to 2017 are presented. The importance of adequate and sustained control of the disease is emphasized and relevant safety aspects are described. Bioethical conflicts are included, and government action is invited to strengthen correct treatment of the disease. CONCLUSIONS The updated recommendations of the Mexican College of Rheumatology on the pharmacological treatment of rheumatoid arthritis incorporate the best available information to be used in the Mexican health care system.
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13
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Ebina K, Hashimoto M, Yamamoto W, Hirano T, Hara R, Katayama M, Onishi A, Nagai K, Son Y, Amuro H, Yamamoto K, Maeda Y, Murata K, Jinno S, Takeuchi T, Hirao M, Kumanogoh A, Yoshikawa H. Drug tolerability and reasons for discontinuation of seven biologics in 4466 treatment courses of rheumatoid arthritis-the ANSWER cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:91. [PMID: 30971306 PMCID: PMC6458752 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the retention rates and reasons for discontinuation for seven biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in a real-world setting of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods This multi-center, retrospective study assessed 4466 treatment courses of 2494 patients with bDMARDs from 2009 to 2017 (females, 82.4%; baseline age, 57.4 years; disease duration 8.5 years; rheumatoid factor positivity 78.6%; Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 4.3; concomitant prednisolone (PSL) 2.7 mg/day (43.1%) and methotrexate (MTX) 5.0 mg/week (61.8%); and 63.6% patients were bio-naïve). Treatment courses included tocilizumab (TCZ; n = 895), etanercept (ETN; n = 891), infliximab (IFX; n = 748), abatacept (ABT; n = 681), adalimumab (ADA; n = 558), golimumab (GLM; n = 464), and certolizumab pegol (CZP; n = 229). Drug retention rates and discontinuation reasons were estimated at 36 months using the Kaplan-Meier method and adjusted for potential confounders (age, sex, disease duration, concomitant PSL and MTX, and switched number of bDMARDs) using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results A total of 56.9% of treatment courses were stopped, with 25.8% stopping due to lack of effectiveness, 12.7% due to non-toxic reasons, 11.9% due to toxic adverse events, and 6.4% due to disease remission. Drug retention rates for each discontinuation reason were as follows: lack of effectiveness [from 65.5% (IFX) to 81.7% (TCZ); with significant differences between groups (Cox P < 0.001)], toxic adverse events [from 81.8% (IFX) to 94.0% (ABT), Cox P < 0.001], and remission [from 92.4% (ADA and IFX) to 97.7% (ETN), Cox P < 0.001]. Finally, overall retention rates excluding non-toxic reasons and remission for discontinuation ranged from 53.4% (IFX) to 75.5% (ABT) (Cox P < 0.001). Conclusions TCZ showed the lowest discontinuation rate by lack of effectiveness, ABT showed the lowest discontinuation rate by toxic adverse events, ADA and IFX showed the highest discontinuation rate by remission, and ABT showed the highest overall retention rates (excluding non-toxic reasons and remission) among seven bDMARDs in the adjusted model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ebina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamamoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Health Information Management, Kurashiki Sweet Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Toru Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hara
- The Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayama
- Department of Rheumatology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Onishi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Nagai
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yonsu Son
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Amuro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Informatics, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Murata
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sadao Jinno
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tohru Takeuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Ito S, Kobayashi D, Hasegawa E, Takai C, Nemoto T, Lee H, Abe A, Otani H, Ishikawa H, Murasawa A, Narita I, Nakazono K. An Analysis of the Biological Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drug-free Condition of Adalimumab-treated Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Intern Med 2019; 58:511-519. [PMID: 30210123 PMCID: PMC6421140 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1332-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study was performed with the aim of analyzing the biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD)-free (Bio-free) condition of adalimumab (ADA)-treated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in a real-world setting. Methods ADA was used in the treatment of 130 (male, n=21; female, n=109 females) RA patients. Among them, 26 patients (20.0%) discontinued ADA due to a good response. We analyzed 20 patients who were followed up for more than 6 months after the discontinuation of ADA. The Disease Activity Score 28 based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) and modified health assessment questionnaires (mHAQs) were evaluated. Results The mean age of the patients was 53.4±11.1 years. The mean disease duration was 4.5±4.3 years. Sixteen patients were bDMARD-naïve, while 4 switched from bDMARDs to ADA. At 6 months after the discontinuation ADA, 19 patients had achieved a clinical remission, and 1 had achieved a low disease activity. The Bio-free period was 26.4±15.5 months. The dose of prednisolone was significantly reduced from baseline (3.45±3.17 mg/day) at 6 months after the discontinuation of ADA (2.63±2.78 mg/day). The dose of methotrexate was unchanged. The number of conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) was significantly increased (0.8±0.6 to 1.4±1.06). The mHAQ values were significantly ameliorated by ADA and remained good in patients with a Bio-free condition. A multivariate analysis showed that the dose of methotrexate (MTX) was an important factor for achieving a Bio-free condition. Conclusion A sustainable Bio-free condition in a real clinical setting can be achieved and may be a suitable way of reducing medical costs. The dose of MTX and the additional administration of csDMARDs is therefore thought to be important for ensuring a good outcome in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ito
- Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Japan
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Eriko Hasegawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Japan
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Takai
- Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Japan
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nemoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Japan
| | - Hyunho Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Japan
| | - Asami Abe
- Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Otani
- Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Japan
| | | | - Akira Murasawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
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15
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Mangoni AA, Al Okaily F, Almoallim H, Al Rashidi S, Mohammed RHA, Barbary A. Relapse rates after elective discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis and review of literature. BMC Rheumatol 2019; 3:10. [PMID: 30886998 PMCID: PMC6408847 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-019-0058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are current mainstay of therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The decision when to withdraw TNF-α inhibitors after achieving remission and the incidence of relapse rates with elective discontinuation are both important questions that demand intense survey in these patients. In this meta-analysis we aimed to estimate the magnitude of relapse rate after elective TNF-α inhibitor discontinuation in RA patients with remission. METHODS Systematic searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library databases, grey literature (unpublished and ongoing trials) from the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and the US National Institutes of Health were performed for studies reporting the outcomes of elective discontinuation of TNF-α inhibitor in RA patients after remission. Random-effects models for meta-analyses were conducted on extracted data. RESULTS Out of 390 references screened, 16 RCTs were included. Meta-analysis of 1264 patient data revealed a relapse rate of 0.47 (95% CI 0.41-0.54). Sensitivity analysis showed that none of the studies had higher influence on the results. CONCLUSIONS Almost half of all the RA patients in remission relapse after elective TNF-α inhibitor discontinuation. This information might be useful when considering this management option with individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A Mangoni
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042 Australia
| | | | - Hani Almoallim
- 3Department of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Reem Hamdy A Mohammed
- 4Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
- 5Internal Medicine Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Barbary
- 6Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Elgesh Street, Tanta, Gharbeia Egypt
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16
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Ruscitti P, Sinigaglia L, Cazzato M, Grembiale RD, Triolo G, Lubrano E, Montecucco C, Giacomelli R. Dose adjustments and discontinuation in TNF inhibitors treated patients: when and how. A systematic review of literature. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:vii23-vii31. [PMID: 30289540 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To review the available evidence concerning the possibility of discontinuing and/or tapering the dosage of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) in RA patients experiencing clinical remission or low disease activity. Methods A systematic review of the literature concerning the low dosage and discontinuation of TNFi in disease-controlled RA patients was performed by evaluation of reports published in indexed international journals (Medline via PubMed, EMBASE), in the time frame from 8 April 2013 to 15 January 2016. Results We analysed the literature evaluating the efficacy and the safety of two different strategies using TNFi, decreasing dosage or discontinuation, in patients experiencing clinical remission or low disease activity. After the analysis of online databases, 25 references were considered potentially relevant and 16 references were selected. The majority of data concerned etanercept and adalimumab. Results suggested the induction of stable clinical remission or low disease activity by using TNFi followed by a dosage tapering and/or discontinuation of such drugs may be associated with the maintenance of a good clinical response in a subset of patients affected by early disease. Conclusion RA patients treated early with TNFi and achieving their therapeutic clinical targets seem to maintain their clinical response after tapering or discontinuing TNFi. These data may allow physicians a more dynamic and tailored management of RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ruscitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Triolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo
| | - Ennio Lubrano
- Department of Medicine and Health Science 'Vincenzo Tiberio', University of Molise, Campobasso
| | - Carlomaurizio Montecucco
- Rheumatology and Translational Immunology Research Laboratories (LaRIT) and Biologic Therapy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation/University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila
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17
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Ebina K, Hashimoto M, Yamamoto W, Ohnishi A, Kabata D, Hirano T, Hara R, Katayama M, Yoshida S, Nagai K, Son Y, Amuro H, Akashi K, Fujimura T, Hirao M, Yamamoto K, Shintani A, Kumanogoh A, Yoshikawa H. Drug retention and discontinuation reasons between seven biologics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis -The ANSWER cohort study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194130. [PMID: 29543846 PMCID: PMC5854351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retention and discontinuation reasons of seven biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in a real-world setting of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 1,037 treatment courses with bDMARDs from 2009 to 2016 [female, 81.8%; baseline age, 59.6 y; disease duration 7.8 y; rheumatoid factor positivity 81.5%; Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), 4.4; concomitant prednisolone 43.5% and methotrexate 68.6%; Bio-naïve, 57.1%; abatacept (ABT), 21.3%; tocilizumab (TCZ), 20.7%; golimumab (GLM), 16.9%; etanercept (ETN), 13.6%; adalimumab (ADA), 11.1%; infliximab (IFX), 8.5%; certolizumab pegol (CZP), 7.9%] were included in this multi-center, retrospective study. Drug retention and discontinuation reasons at 36 months were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and adjusted by potent confounders using Cox proportional hazards modeling. As a result, 455 treatment courses (43.9%) were stopped, with 217 (20.9%) stopping due to inefficacy, 113 (10.9%) due to non-toxic reasons, 86 (8.3%) due to toxic adverse events, and 39 (3.8%) due to remission. Drug retention rates in the adjusted model were as follows: total retention (ABT, 60.7%; ADA, 32.7%; CZP, 43.3%; ETN, 51.9%; GLM, 45.4%; IFX, 31.1%; and TCZ, 59.2%; P < 0.001); inefficacy (ABT, 81.4%; ADA, 65.7%; CZP, 60.7%; ETN, 71.3%; GLM, 68.5%; IFX, 65.0%; and TCZ, 81.4%; P = 0.015), toxic adverse events (ABT, 89.8%; ADA, 80.5%; CZP, 83.9%; ETN, 89.2%; GLM, 85.5%; IFX, 75.6%; and TCZ, 77.2%; P = 0.50), and remission (ABT, 95.5%; ADA, 88.1%; CZP, 91.1%; ETN, 97.5%; GLM, 94.7%; IFX, 86.4%; and TCZ, 98.4%; P < 0.001). In the treatment of RA, ABT and TCZ showed higher overall retention, and TCZ showed lower inefficacy compared to IFX, while IFX showed higher discontinuation due to remission compared to ABT, ETN, GLM, and TCZ in adjusted modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ebina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamamoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Health Information Management, Kurashiki Sweet Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Akira Ohnishi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daijiro Kabata
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hara
- The Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayama
- Department of Rheumatology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuzo Yoshida
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Nagai
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yonsu Son
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Amuro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kengo Akashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takanori Fujimura
- The Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Edwards CJ, Fautrel B, Schulze-Koops H, Huizinga TWJ, Kruger K. Dosing down with biologic therapies: a systematic review and clinicians' perspective. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:1847-1856. [PMID: 28339632 PMCID: PMC5850865 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of biologic therapies now means that remission or low disease activity are realistic targets for treatment. However, after achieving remission/low disease activity, the next steps remain unclear. The aim of this publication was to conduct a broad systematic literature review to evaluate dosing down of biologics. After screening papers and abstracts for relevance and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, a structured extraction process was used to collect information on the included studies. Fifty-two papers were included in the analysis across rheumatic disease. In patients who discontinue therapy, remission is not typically sustained, with reported rates of relapse and flare across early RA (48-54%), established RA (2-84%), axial spondyloarthritis (11-53%) and PsA (44.9%). In many cases, an acceptable disease activity can be regained upon retreatment. More research is needed to understand the long-term impacts of these strategies on efficacy, safety and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Edwards
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Bruno Fautrel
- Pierre et Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Paris, GRC-08 (EEMOIS)
| | | | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Kruger
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, C1-41, The Netherlands
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Kubo S, Yamaoka K, Amano K, Nagano S, Tohma S, Suematsu E, Nagasawa H, Iwata K, Tanaka Y. Discontinuation of tofacitinib after achieving low disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a multicentre, observational study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:1293-1301. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Aletaha D, Snedecor SJ, Ektare V, Xue M, Bao Y, Garg V. Clinical and economic analysis of outcomes of dose tapering or withdrawal of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors upon achieving stable disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2017; 9:451-458. [PMID: 28814890 PMCID: PMC5546181 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s136327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the real-world, 5-year clinical and cost impact of maintaining treatment with the tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (anti-TNFs) adalimumab, etanercept, or infliximab vs dose tapering or withdrawal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who have achieved remission (defined as a 28-joint count Disease Activity Score [DAS28] < 2.6) or low disease activity (LDA; DAS28 < 3.2). Methods Using a 5-year Markov model with 1-month cycle length, we examined the clinical and cost impact of three treatment strategies: withdrawal, tapering, or maintenance of anti-TNFs among RA patients in remission or who have achieved LDA. This model assessed the time to loss of disease control, time to regaining control after treatment reinitiation, and associated medical and anti-TNF costs. To determine the risk of losing disease control, 14 studies (2309 patients) were meta-analyzed, adjusted for treatment strategy, anti-TNF, RA patient type (early or established RA), and model entry criterion (remission or LDA). Results Anti-TNF withdrawal and tapering incurred comparable 5-year total costs (€37,900–€59,700 vs €47,500–€59,200), which were lower than those incurred by anti-TNF maintenance (€67,100–€72,100). Established RA patients had higher total costs than early RA patients (€45,900–€72,100 vs €37,900–€71,700). Maintenance was associated with the longest time to loss of disease control (range, 27.3–47.1 months), while withdrawal had the shortest (range, 6.9–30.5 months). Conclusion Dose tapering or withdrawal of anti-TNFs results in similar reduction of health care costs but less time in sustained disease control compared to maintaining therapy. Future research is needed to understand the long-term clinical consequences of these strategies and patient preferences for treatment withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aletaha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Mei Xue
- Pharmerit International, Bethesda, MD
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Tweehuysen L, van den Ende CH, Beeren FMM, Been EMJ, van den Hoogen FHJ, den Broeder AA. Little Evidence for Usefulness of Biomarkers for Predicting Successful Dose Reduction or Discontinuation of a Biologic Agent in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:301-308. [PMID: 27696778 PMCID: PMC5299504 DOI: 10.1002/art.39946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review studies addressing prediction of successful dose reduction or discontinuation of a biologic agent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies that examined the predictive value of biomarkers for successful dose reduction or discontinuation of a biologic agent in RA. Two reviewers independently selected studies, and extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. A biomarker was classified as a "potential predictor" if the univariate association was either strong (odds ratio or hazard ratio >2.0 or <0.5) or statistically significant. For biomarkers that were studied multiple times, qualitative best-evidence synthesis was performed separately for the prediction of successful dose reduction and discontinuation. Biomarkers that were defined in ≥75% of the studies as potential predictors were regarded as "predictor" for the purposes of our study. RESULTS Of 3,029 nonduplicate articles initially searched, 16 articles regarding 15 cohorts were included in the present study. Overall, 17 biomarkers were studied multiple times for the prediction of successful dose reduction, and 33 for the prediction of successful discontinuation of a biologic agent. Three predictors were identified: higher adalimumab trough level for successful dose reduction and lower Sharp/van der Heijde erosion score and shorter symptom duration at the start of a biologic agent for successful discontinuation. CONCLUSION The predictive value of a wide variety of biomarkers for successful dose reduction or discontinuation of biologic treatment in RA has been investigated. We identified only 3 biomarkers as predictors, in just 2 studies. The strength of the evidence is limited by the low quality of the included studies and the likelihood of reporting bias and multiple testing.
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Tanaka Y. Stopping tumour necrosis factor-targeted biological DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:ii15-ii22. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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El Miedany Y, El Gaafary M, Youssef S, Ahmed I, Bahlas S, Hegazi M, Nasr A. Optimizing therapy in inflammatory arthritis: prediction of relapse after tapering or stopping treatment for rheumatoid arthritis patients achieving clinical and radiological remission. Clin Rheumatol 2016; 35:2915-2923. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yamanaka H, Nagaoka S, Lee SK, Bae SC, Kasama T, Kobayashi H, Nishioka Y, Ueki Y, Seto Y, Nishinarita M, Tamura N, Kimura N, Saito K, Tomita T, Nawata Y, Suzuki S, Ishigatsubo Y, Munakata Y, Makino Y, Inoue E, Tanaka Y, Takeuchi T. Discontinuation of etanercept after achievement of sustained remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who initially had moderate disease activity-results from the ENCOURAGE study, a prospective, international, multicenter randomized study. Mod Rheumatol 2015; 26:651-61. [PMID: 26698929 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2015.1123349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy and safety of etanercept (ETN) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with moderate disease activity and the possibility to discontinue ETN after achieving remission. METHODS Multicenter, randomized, and open-label study was conducted in Japan and Korea. RA patients (disease duration <5 years) with moderate disease activity despite methotrexate (MTX) treatment were allocated to either MTX or ETN + MTX (Period 1) for 12 months. Patients who achieved sustained remission defined as DAS28 < 2.6 at both 6 and 12 months in the ETN + MTX group, were randomized to either continue or discontinue ETN for 12 months (Period 2). RESULTS A total of 222 patients were enrolled in Period 1 and clinical remission was achieved in 106/157 (67.5%) and 5/28 (17.9%) patients in the ETN + MTX and MTX groups, respectively. In Period 2, sixty-seven patients were randomized and finally 28/32 (87.5%) and 15/28 (53.6%) patients who continued or discontinued ETN maintained clinical remission. Baseline disease activity and the presence of comorbid diseases influenced the maintenance of remission after ETN discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS ETN + MTX was efficient for RA patients with moderate disease activity into remission. After achieving sustained remission, a half of the patients who discontinued ETN could maintain remission for 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Yamanaka
- a Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Japan
| | - Shouhei Nagaoka
- b Internal Department of Rheumatology , Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital , Japan
| | - Soo-Kon Lee
- c Department of Rheumatology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- d Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases , Korea
| | - Tsuyoshi Kasama
- e Department of Rheumatology , Showa University Hospital , Japan
| | - Hitomi Kobayashi
- f Department of Internal Medicine , Itabashi Chuo Medical Center , Japan
| | - Yuichi Nishioka
- g Department of Rheumatism , Nishioka Clinic for Rheumatic Diseases and Allergic Diseases , Japan
| | - Yukitaka Ueki
- h Rheumatic Diseases Center , Sasebo Chuo Hospital , Japan
| | - Yohei Seto
- a Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Japan
| | - Makoto Nishinarita
- i Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Nishinarita Clinic , Japan
| | - Naoto Tamura
- j Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine , Japan
| | - Noriko Kimura
- k Division of Rheumatology , Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine , Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Saito
- l The 1st Department of Internal Medicine , School of Medicine University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tomita
- m Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Osaka University Hospital , Japan
| | - Yasushi Nawata
- n Center for Rheumatic Diseases , Chibaken Saiseikai Narashino Hospital , Japan
| | - Sadahiro Suzuki
- o Department of Connecting Tissue Disease , Shinonoi General Hospital , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo
- p Rheumatology, Hematology, Infectious Diseases , Yokohama City University Hospital , Japan
| | | | - Yuichi Makino
- r The 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Asahikawa Medical University Hospital , Japan , and
| | - Eisuke Inoue
- s Division of Biostatistics , National Center for Child Health and Development , Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- l The 1st Department of Internal Medicine , School of Medicine University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- k Division of Rheumatology , Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine , Japan
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Kanbe K, Chiba J, Inoue Y, Taguchi M, Yabuki A. Biologic-free remission by orthopaedic surgery in non-responder to infliximab for rheumatoid arthritis. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:607. [PMID: 26543742 PMCID: PMC4628013 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate remission and biologic-free remission after orthopaedic surgery and related clinical factors in non-responder to infliximab for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We analyzed 74 patients who were treated with 3 mg/kg infliximab and methotrexate and underwent orthopaedic surgery after non-responder to infliximab with disease activity score (DAS) 28 (CRP) of ≥3.2. The rates of remission and biologic-free remission at 52 weeks after orthopaedic surgery were investigated and the clinical factors related to remission and biologic-free remission were analyzed by logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic analyses. The rates of total remission and biologic-free remission were 37/74 (50 %) and 9/74 (12.2 %), respectively. Regarding orthopaedic surgery, the rates of remission and biologic-free remission were 25/38 (65.8 %) and 7/38 (18.4 %) for synovectomy, 7/20 (35 %) and 0/20 (0 %) for arthroplasty, and 5/16 (31.3 %) and 2/16 12.5) for others including spine surgery and foot surgery. DAS28(CRP) at baseline was significantly related to both remission and biologic-free remission. Prednisolone was negatively associated with remission, and DAS28(CRP) was related to biologic-free remission by logistic regression analyses. DAS28(CRP) below 3.7 was cutoff point for acquiring biologic-free remission of non-responder to infliximab after orthopaedic surgery. Therefore orthopaedic surgery may be effective to obtain remission or biologic-free remission in RA patients treated with biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Kanbe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8567 Japan
| | - Junji Chiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8567 Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8567 Japan
| | - Masashi Taguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8567 Japan
| | - Akiko Yabuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8567 Japan
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Fautrel B, Den Broeder AA. De-intensifying treatment in established rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Why, how, when and in whom can DMARDs be tapered? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2015; 29:550-65. [PMID: 26697766 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As more patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) achieve remission or low disease activity, strategies such as tapering and withdrawal of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are being investigated. In several trials, DMARD discontinuation was associated with a higher risk of relapse, ranging from 56% to 87% at 1 year. Tapering, either by dose reduction or by injection spacing, may limit the risk of relapse. Half-dose etanercept (ETN) versus full-dose continuation was not associated with an increased relapse risk at 1 year in two trials. Progressive antitumor necrosis factor injection spacing was shown to be equivalent to full regimen continuation in terms of persistent flare and disease activity at 18 months in one trial, but not in another one. Reintroduction of a DMARD at previous dose/regimen was usually associated with remission re-induction. The risk of relevant structural damage progression was not increased. Safety improvement has not yet been demonstrated. The annual cost reduction when tapering biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) was 3500-6000 €/patient. Research questions to be addressed include defining flare that requires reinitiation of treatment, such that patients facilitate the maintenance of remission during tapering by timely communication with their rheumatology team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fautrel
- Pierre et Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, GRC-08 (EEMOIS), Paris, France; APHP, Rheumatology Department, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France.
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Marks JL, Holroyd CR, Dimitrov BD, Armstrong RD, Calogeras A, Cooper C, Davidson BK, Dennison EM, Harvey NC, Edwards CJ. Does combined clinical and ultrasound assessment allow selection of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis for sustained reduction of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67:746-53. [PMID: 25605045 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a strategy combining clinical and ultrasound (US) assessment can select individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for sustained dose reduction of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies. METHODS As part of a real-world approach, patients with RA receiving anti-TNF therapies were reviewed in a dedicated biologic therapy clinic. Patients not taking oral corticosteroids with both Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) remission (≤2.6) and absent synovitis on power Doppler US (PDUS 0) for >6 months were invited to reduce their anti-TNF therapy dose by one-third. RESULTS Between January 2012 and February 2014, a total of 70 patients underwent anti-TNF dose reduction. Combined DAS28 and PDUS remission was maintained by 96% of patients at 3 months followup, 63% at 6 months, 37% at 9 months, and 34% at 18 months followup. However, 88% of patients maintained at least low disease activity (LDA) with DAS28 <3.2 and PDUS ≤1 at 6 months. The addition of PDUS identified 8 patients (25% of those that flared) in DAS28 remission, with subclinically active disease. Those who maintained dose reduction were more likely to be rheumatoid factor (RF) negative (46% versus 17%; P = 0.03) and have lower DAS28 scores at biologic therapy initiation (5.58 versus 5.96; P = 0.038). CONCLUSION Combined clinical and US assessment identifies individuals in remission who may be suitable for anti-TNF dose reduction and enhances safe monitoring for subclinical disease flares. Despite longstanding severe RA, a subset of our cohort sustained prolonged DAS28 and PDUS remission. LDA at biologic therapy initiation and RF status appeared predictive of sustained remission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cyrus Cooper
- University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK, and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Elaine M Dennison
- University Hospital Southampton and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher J Edwards
- University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK, and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Fautrel B, Pham T, Alfaiate T, Gandjbakhch F, Foltz V, Morel J, Dernis E, Gaudin P, Brocq O, Solau-Gervais E, Berthelot JM, Balblanc JC, Mariette X, Tubach F. Step-down strategy of spacing TNF-blocker injections for established rheumatoid arthritis in remission: results of the multicentre non-inferiority randomised open-label controlled trial (STRASS: Spacing of TNF-blocker injections in Rheumatoid ArthritiS Study). Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:59-67. [PMID: 26103979 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-blocker tapering has been proposed for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in remission. OBJECTIVE The trial aims to compare the effect of progressive spacing of TNF-blocker injections (S-arm) to their maintenance (M-arm) for established patients with RA in remission. METHODS The study was an 18-month equivalence trial which included patients receiving etanercept or adalimumab at stable dose for ≥1 year, patients in remission on 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) for ≥6 months and patients with stable joint damage. Patients were randomised into two arms: maintenance or injections spacing by 50% every 3 months up to complete stop. Spacing was reversed to the previous interval in case of relapse, and eventually reattempted after remission was reachieved. The primary outcome was the standardised difference of DAS28 slopes, based on a linear mixed-effects model (equivalence interval set at ±30%). RESULTS 64 and 73 patients were included in the S-arm and M-arm, respectively, which was less than planned. In the S-arm, TNF blockers were stopped for 39.1%, only tapered for 35.9% and maintained full dose for 20.3%. The equivalence was not demonstrated with a standardised difference of 19% (95% CI -5% to 46%). Relapse was more common in the S-arm (76.6% vs 46.5%, p=0.0004). However, there was no difference in structural damage progression. CONCLUSIONS Tapering was not equivalent to maintenance strategy, resulting in more relapses without impacting structural damage progression. Further studies are needed to identify patients who could benefit from such a strategy associated with substantial cost savings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00780793; EudraCT identifier: 2007-004483-41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fautrel
- Pierre et Marie Curie University-Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, GRC-08 (EEMOIS), Paris, France APHP, Rheumatology Department, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Thao Pham
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France AP-HM, Rheumatology Department, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Toni Alfaiate
- APHP, Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France INSERM CIC-EC 1425, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Gandjbakhch
- Pierre et Marie Curie University-Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, GRC-08 (EEMOIS), Paris, France APHP, Rheumatology Department, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Violaine Foltz
- Pierre et Marie Curie University-Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, GRC-08 (EEMOIS), Paris, France APHP, Rheumatology Department, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Morel
- Rheumatology Department, Montpellier 1 University, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Philippe Gaudin
- Rheumatology Department, Joseph Fourrier University, Sud Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Brocq
- Rheumatology Department, Princess Grace Health Centre, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Elisabeth Solau-Gervais
- University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France Rheumatology Department, La Miletrie Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Marie Berthelot
- University of Nantes, Nantes, France Rheumatology Department, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | - Xavier Mariette
- Paris Sud University-Paris 11, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Florence Tubach
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 1123, Paris, France
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De Cock D, Van der Elst K, Meyfroidt S, Verschueren P, Westhovens R. The optimal combination therapy for the treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16:1615-25. [PMID: 26058860 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1056735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune condition traditionally viewed as a severe destructive disease affecting physical health and global wellbeing. The treatment strategies for RA have changed in the last decades from mainly symptomatic towards a more vigorous and targeted approach. AREA COVERED Reviewing recent literature enhanced by own expertise and research, a case is made for starting early with an intensive combination treatment with glucocorticoids, followed by a treat to target approach in a tight control setting. Implementation issues that need to be addressed to make optimal use of the 'window of opportunity' are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION There is strong evidence in favor of traditional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) combined with a remission induction scheme of glucocorticoids to achieve adequate efficacy in controlling early rheumatoid arthritis with good safety and feasibility in daily clinical practice. Furthermore, the most optimal RA treatment should address not only the physician-oriented clinical disease outcomes but also the patient perspective. There is still a need for working on improving implementation of this approach in daily practice in order to provide optimal treatment benefit to more patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederik De Cock
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven Department of Development and Regeneration , Leuven , Belgium +016 346 350 ; +016 342 543 ;
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Haschka J, Englbrecht M, Hueber AJ, Manger B, Kleyer A, Reiser M, Finzel S, Tony HP, Kleinert S, Feuchtenberger M, Fleck M, Manger K, Ochs W, Schmitt-Haendle M, Wendler J, Schuch F, Ronneberger M, Lorenz HM, Nuesslein H, Alten R, Demary W, Henes J, Schett G, Rech J. Relapse rates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in stable remission tapering or stopping antirheumatic therapy: interim results from the prospective randomised controlled RETRO study. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:45-51. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Tanaka Y, Hirata S. Intensive intervention can lead to a treatment holiday from biological DMARDs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs 2014; 74:2129-39. [PMID: 25389048 PMCID: PMC4245498 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-014-0323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and joint destruction that causes significant morbidity and mortality. However, the combined use of methotrexate (MTX), a synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (sDMARD) and biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) has revolutionized treatment of RA and clinical remission or low disease activity (LDA) are now realistic targets, achieved by a large proportion of RA patients. We are now in a position to evaluate if it is possible to maintain remission or LDA while at the same time reducing the burden of treatment on the patient and healthcare system. Data are emerging from large, well-conducted studies designed to answer this question, shedding light on which patient populations and treatment algorithms can survive treatment discontinuation or tapering with low risk of disease flare. For early RA, approximately half of early RA patients could discontinue TNF-targeted bDMARDs without clinical flare and functional impairment after obtaining clinical remission by bDMARDs with MTX. In contrast, for established RA, fewer patients sustained remission or LDA after the discontinuation of bDMARDs and "deep remission" at the discontinuation was a key factor to maintain the treatment holiday of bDMARDs. Thus, this article provides a brief outline on withdrawing or tapering bDMARDs once patients have achieved remission or LDA in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan,
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Hirata S, Tanaka Y. Combination therapy for early rheumatoid arthritis: a treatment holiday perspective. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 8:115-22. [PMID: 25420554 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2015.984689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To date, the significance of early intervention with methotrexate and biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been realized. Longitudinal safety and cost have arisen as new concerns. The concept of a treatment holiday, drug discontinuation after achieving remission, may solve these problems. The authors performed a systematic literature review and identified 13 reports from 10 studies (TNF20, BeSt, OPITMA, HIT-HARD, IMPROVED, PRIZE, IDEA, EMPIRE, tREACH and AVERT) for early RA (≤2 years). Eight out of 13 reports (61.5%) were published in 2013 or 2014, indicating emerging interest in recent years. Also, the authors performed a sub-analysis of the HONOR study (n = 51) to compare early (≤2 years) and established RA. The proportions of remission (REM) and low disease activity were higher in early RA (REM: 63.0 vs 33.3%, p = 0.0346; low disease activity: 77.8 vs 45.8%, p = 0.0185). In conclusion, early intervention is beneficial for successful treatment holiday, which may lead to risk and cost reduction. However, further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Hirata
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
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van Ingen ILA, Lamers-Karnebeek F, Jansen TL. Optimizing the expediency of TNFi in rheumatoid arthritis: offering a TNFi holiday in patients having reached low-disease activity in the maintenance phase. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:1761-7. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.955009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Fechtenbaum M, Nam JL, Emery P. Biologics in rheumatoid arthritis: where are we going? Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2014; 75:448-9, 451-6. [PMID: 25111096 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2014.75.8.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have significantly improved outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but cost limits their use. This article assesses data on patients who have achieved remission or low disease activity with these drugs and the possibility of dose reduction or discontinuation in these patients.
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