1
|
Juul-Madsen K, Parbo P, Ismail R, Ovesen PL, Schmidt V, Madsen LS, Thyrsted J, Gierl S, Breum M, Larsen A, Andersen MN, Romero-Ramos M, Holm CK, Andersen GR, Zhao H, Schuck P, Nygaard JV, Sutherland DS, Eskildsen SF, Willnow TE, Brooks DJ, Vorup-Jensen T. Amyloid-β aggregates activate peripheral monocytes in mild cognitive impairment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1224. [PMID: 38336934 PMCID: PMC10858199 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The peripheral immune system is important in neurodegenerative diseases, both in protecting and inflaming the brain, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Alzheimer's Disease is commonly preceded by a prodromal period. Here, we report the presence of large Aβ aggregates in plasma from patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 38). The aggregates are associated with low level Alzheimer's Disease-like brain pathology as observed by 11C-PiB PET and 18F-FTP PET and lowered CD18-rich monocytes. We characterize complement receptor 4 as a strong binder of amyloids and show Aβ aggregates are preferentially phagocytosed and stimulate lysosomal activity through this receptor in stem cell-derived microglia. KIM127 integrin activation in monocytes promotes size selective phagocytosis of Aβ. Hydrodynamic calculations suggest Aβ aggregates associate with vessel walls of the cortical capillaries. In turn, we hypothesize aggregates may provide an adhesion substrate for recruiting CD18-rich monocytes into the cortex. Our results support a role for complement receptor 4 in regulating amyloid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Juul-Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Parbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Rola Ismail
- Department of Nuclear medicine and PET, Vejle Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, DK-7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Peter L Ovesen
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lasse S Madsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Building 1710, Universitetsbyen 3, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jacob Thyrsted
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sarah Gierl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mihaela Breum
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten N Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian K Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gregers R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Huaying Zhao
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Building 31, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Schuck
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Building 31, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jens V Nygaard
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10 D, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Duncan S Sutherland
- Interdisiciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, The iNANO House, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Cellular Signal Patterns, Aarhus University, The iNANO House, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon F Eskildsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Building 1710, Universitetsbyen 3, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Willnow
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes, The Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Interdisiciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, The iNANO House, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Siekacz K, Kumor-Kisielewska A, Miłkowska-Dymanowska J, Pietrusińska M, Bartczak K, Majewski S, Stańczyk A, Piotrowski WJ, Białas AJ. Soluble ITGaM and ITGb2 Integrin Subunits Are Involved in Long-Term Pulmonary Complications after COVID-19 Infection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12010342. [PMID: 36615143 PMCID: PMC9821073 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: The role of soluble integrins in post-COVID-19 complications is unclear, especially in long-term pulmonary lesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between soluble ITGa2, ITGaM and ITGb2 integrin subunits and long COVID-19 pulmonary complications. (2) Methodology: Post-COVID-19 patients were enrolled. According to the evidence of persistent interstitial lung lesions on CT, patients were divided into a long-term pulmonary complications group (P(+)) and a control group without long-term pulmonary complications (P(-)). We randomly selected 80 patients for further investigation (40 subjects for each group). Levels of ITGa2, ITGaM and ITGb2 integrin subunits were determined by ELISA assay. (3) Results: The serum concentration of sITGaM and sITGb2 were significantly higher in the P(+) group (sITGaM 18.63 ng/mL [IQR 14.17-28.83] vs. 14.75 ng/mL [IQR 10.91-20] p = 0.01 and sITGb2 10.55 ng/mL [IQR 6.53-15.83] vs. 6.34 ng/mL [IQR 4.98-9.68] p = 0.002). We observed a statistically significant correlation between sITGaM and sITGb2 elevation in the P(+) group (R = 0.42; p = 0.01). Patients from the P(+) group had a lower (1.82 +/-0.84 G/L) lymphocyte level than the P(-)group (2.28 +/-0.79 G/L), p = 0.03. Furthermore, we observed an inverse correlation in the P(-) group between blood lymphocyte count and sITGb2 integrin subunit levels (R = -0.49 p = 0.01). (4) Conclusions: Elevated concentrations of sITGaM and sITGb2 were associated with long-term pulmonary complications in post-COVID-19 patients. Both sITGaM and sITGb2 may be promising biomarkers for predicting pulmonary complications and could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in post-COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Siekacz
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Krystian Bartczak
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Majewski
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Stańczyk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Adam J. Białas
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Regional Medical Center for Lung Diseases and Rehabilitation, 91-520 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu Z, Hong X, Zhang X, Zheng F, Liu F, Xu H, Zhu C, Cai W, Liu D, Yin L, Hu B, Tang D, Dai Y. Global Proteomic Analyses Reveals Abnormal Immune Regulation in Patients With New Onset Ankylosing Spondylitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:838891. [PMID: 35371008 PMCID: PMC8967996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with serious consequences and a high rate of morbidity and mortality, In our previous work, we reveal the key features of proteins in new-onset ankylosing spondylitis patients.Material and MethodsAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the spine, and inflammation plays an essential role in AS pathogenesis. The inflammatory process in AS, however, is still poorly understood due to its intricacy. Systematic proteomic and phosphorylation analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to investigate potential pathways involved in AS pathogenesis.ResultsLiquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis was performed and discovered 782 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 122 differentially phosphorylated proteins (DPPs) between 9 new-onset AS patients and 9 healthy controls. The DEPs were further verified using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis. PRM analysis verified that 3 proteins (HSP90AB1, HSP90AA1 and HSPA8) in the antigen processing and presentation pathway, 6 proteins (including ITPR1, MYLK and STIM1) in the platelet activation pathway and 10 proteins (including MYL12A, MYL9 and ROCK2) in the leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway were highly expressed in the PBMCs of AS patients.ConclusionThe key proteins involved in antigen processing and presentation, platelet activation and leukocyte transendothelial migration revealed abnormal immune regulation in patients with new-onset AS. These proteins might be used as candidate markers for AS diagnosis and new therapeutic targets, as well as elucidating the pathophysiology of AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongchao Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixuan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengxin Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Dai, ; Bo Hu, ; Donge Tang,
| | - Donge Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Dai, ; Bo Hu, ; Donge Tang,
| | - Yong Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Dai, ; Bo Hu, ; Donge Tang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sørensen AS, Andersen MN, Juul-Madsen K, Broksø AD, Skejø C, Schmidt H, Vorup-Jensen T, Kragstrup TW. Tumor necrosis factor alpha neutralization attenuates immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced activation of intermediate monocytes in synovial fluid mononuclear cells from patients with inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:43. [PMID: 35164829 PMCID: PMC8842914 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective During treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab, half of patients with pre-existing inflammatory arthritis experience disease flares. The underlying immunological mechanisms have not been characterized. Here, we investigate the effect of pembrolizumab on cells involved in inflammation and destruction in the synovial joint and how immunosuppressive treatments affect the pembrolizumab-induced immune reactions. Methods We included synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs, n = 28) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, n = 6) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and peripheral spondyloarthritis and PBMCs from healthy controls (n = 6). Fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) were grown from SFMCs. The in vitro effect of pembrolizumab was tested in SFMCs cultured for 48 h, FLS-PBMC co-cultures and in SFMCs cultured for 21 days (inflammatory osteoclastogenesis). Cells and supernatants were analyzed by ELISA, flow cytometry, and pro-inflammatory multiplex assay. Finally, the effect of the disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) adalimumab (TNFα inhibitor), tocilizumab (IL-6R inhibitor), tofacitinib (JAK1/JAK3 inhibitor), and baricitinib (JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor) on pembrolizumab-induced immune reactions was tested. Results Pembrolizumab significantly increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production by arthritis SFMCs (P = 0.0031) but not by PBMCs from patients or healthy controls (P = 0.77 and P = 0.43). Pembrolizumab did not alter MMP-3 production in FLS-PBMC co-cultures (P = 0.76) or TRAP secretion in the inflammatory osteoclastogenesis model (P = 0.28). In SFMCs, pembrolizumab further increased the production of TNFα (P = 0.0110), IFNγ (P = 0.0125), IL-12p70 (P = 0.0014), IL-10 (P = 0.0100), IL-13 (P = 0.0044), IL-2 (P = 0.0066), and IL-4 (P = 0.0008) but did not change the production of IL-6 (P = 0.1938) and IL-1 (P = 0.1022). The SFMCs treated with pembrolizumab showed an increased frequency of intermediate monocytes (P = 0.044), and the MCP-1 production increased only within the intermediate monocyte subset (P = 0.028). Lastly, adalimumab, baricitinib, and tofacitinib treatment were able to attenuate the pembrolizumab-induced MCP-1 production (P = 0.0004, P = 0.033, and P = 0.025, respectively), while this was not seen with tocilizumab treatment (P = 0.75). Conclusion Pembrolizumab specifically activated intermediate monocytes and induced the production of several cytokines including TNFα but not IL-6. These findings indicate that flares in patients with pre-existing inflammatory arthritis involve monocyte activation and could be managed with TNFα neutralization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02737-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Sørensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou Building, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten Nørgaard Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou Building, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kristian Juul-Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou Building, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Cæcilie Skejø
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou Building, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Schmidt
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou Building, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tue Wenzel Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou Building, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark. .,Diagnostic Center, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Manning JE, Lewis JW, Marsh LJ, McGettrick HM. Insights Into Leukocyte Trafficking in Inflammatory Arthritis - Imaging the Joint. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:635102. [PMID: 33768093 PMCID: PMC7985076 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.635102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The inappropriate accumulation and activation of leukocytes is a shared pathological feature of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Cellular accumulation is therefore an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. However, attempts to modulate leukocyte entry and exit from the joint have proven unsuccessful to date, indicating that gaps in our knowledge remain. Technological advancements are now allowing real-time tracking of leukocyte movement through arthritic joints or in vitro joint constructs. Coupling this technology with improvements in analyzing the cellular composition, location and interactions of leukocytes with neighboring cells has increased our understanding of the temporal dynamics and molecular mechanisms underpinning pathological accumulation of leukocytes in arthritic joints. In this review, we explore our current understanding of the mechanisms leading to inappropriate leukocyte trafficking in inflammatory arthritis, and how these evolve with disease progression. Moreover, we highlight the advances in imaging of human and murine joints, along with multi-cellular ex vivo joint constructs that have led to our current knowledge base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helen M. McGettrick
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fibroblast-like synovial cell production of extra domain A fibronectin associates with inflammation in osteoarthritis. BMC Rheumatol 2019; 3:46. [PMID: 31819923 PMCID: PMC6886182 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-019-0093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) involves wear and tear, and a state of low-grade inflammation. Tissue repair responses include transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-induced myofibroblast production of extracellular matrix. Fibronectins are an essential part of the extracellular matrix, and injection of fibronectin fragments into rabbit joints is a previously established animal model of OA. Fibronectin containing the ED-A domain is currently being used as drug delivery target in the development of anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. Dekavil). Methods In this study, samples of synovial membrane were obtained from patients with knee OA undergoing joint replacement surgery. Immunostaining for ED-A fibronectin and the myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) was performed on fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS) and synovial membranes. RAW 264.7 macrophages were incubated with recombinant ED-A fibronectin. Results The staining of ED-A fibronectin in OA FLS was increased by TGFβ but not by TNFα, lipopolysaccharide, or IL-6 (n = 3). ED-A fibronectin co-stained with the myofibroblast marker αSMA in both the OA FLS (n = 3) and in the OA synovial membranes (n = 8). ED-A fibronectin staining was associated with both number of lining layer cells (rho = 0.85 and p = 0.011) and sublining cells (rho = 0.88 and p = 0.007) in the OA synovium (n = 8), and co-distributed with TNFα (n = 5). Recombinant ED-A fibronectin increased the production of TNFα by RAW 264.7 macrophages (n = 3). Conclusions The disease process in OA shares features with the chronic wound healing response. Our findings support utilizing ED-A fibronectin for drug delivery or therapeutic targeting to reduce pro-inflammatory responses in OA.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kragstrup TW, Adams M, Lomholt S, Nielsen MA, Heftdal LD, Schafer P, Deleuran B. IL-12/IL-23p40 identified as a downstream target of apremilast in ex vivo models of arthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2019; 11:1759720X19828669. [PMID: 30833991 PMCID: PMC6391542 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x19828669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apremilast (Otezla®) is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor approved for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but the reason why apremilast shows clinical effect is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to study the downstream effects of apremilast on cells of inflamed joints in immune-mediated inflammatory arthritis. METHODS Synovial fluid was obtained from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), PsA or peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA; n = 18). The in vitro models consisted of synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) or fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) cultured for 48 h, SFMCs cultured for 21 days, an osteoclast pit formation assay, and a mineralization assay. RESULTS In SFMCs cultured for 48 h, apremilast decreased the production of interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23p40 (the shared subunit of IL-12 and IL-23), colony-stimulating factor 1, CD6, and CD40 and increased the production of C-X-C motif chemokine 5 dose-dependently. Apremilast had a very different response signature compared with the tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor adalimumab with a substantially greater inhibition of IL-12/IL-23p40. In SFMCs cultured for 21 days, apremilast increased the secretion of IL-10. In FLS cultures, apremilast decreased matrix metalloproteinase-3 production. Apremilast decreased osteoclastogenesis but did not affect mineralization by human osteoblasts. CONCLUSION This study reveals the downstream effects of apremilast in ex vivo models of arthritis with a strong inhibition of IL-12/IL-23p40 by SFMCs. Our findings could explain some of the efficacy of apremilast seen in IL-12/IL-23-driven immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and PsA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tue W. Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mary Adams
- Department of Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Søren Lomholt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | | | - Peter Schafer
- Department of Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vorup-Jensen T, Jensen RK. Structural Immunology of Complement Receptors 3 and 4. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2716. [PMID: 30534123 PMCID: PMC6275225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement receptors (CR) 3 and 4 belong to the family of beta-2 (CD18) integrins. CR3 and CR4 are often co-expressed in the myeloid subsets of leukocytes, but they are also found in NK cells and activated T and B lymphocytes. The heterodimeric ectodomain undergoes considerable conformational change in order to switch the receptor from a structurally bent, ligand-binding in-active state into an extended, ligand-binding active state. CR3 binds the C3d fragment of C3 in a way permitting CR2 also to bind concomitantly. This enables a hand-over of complement-opsonized antigens from the cell surface of CR3-expressing macrophages to the CR2-expressing B lymphocytes, in consequence acting as an antigen presentation mechanism. As a more enigmatic part of their functions, both CR3 and CR4 bind several structurally unrelated proteins, engineered peptides, and glycosaminoglycans. No consensus motif in the proteinaceous ligands has been established. Yet, the experimental evidence clearly suggest that the ligands are primarily, if not entirely, recognized by a single site within the receptors, namely the metal-ion dependent adhesion site (MIDAS). Comparison of some recent identified ligands points to CR3 as inclined to bind positively charged species, while CR4, by contrast, binds strongly negative-charged species, in both cases with the critical involvement of deprotonated, acidic groups as ligands for the Mg2+ ion in the MIDAS. These properties place CR3 and CR4 firmly within the realm of modern molecular medicine in several ways. The expression of CR3 and CR4 in NK cells was recently demonstrated to enable complement-dependent cell cytotoxicity toward antibody-coated cancer cells as part of biological therapy, constituting a significant part of the efficacy of such treatment. With the flexible principles of ligand recognition, it is also possible to propose a response of CR3 and CR4 to existing medicines thereby opening a possibility of drug repurposing to influence the function of these receptors. Here, from advances in the structural and cellular immunology of CR3 and CR4, we review insights on their biochemistry and functions in the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- Biophysical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjeldsen Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics-Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The antifibrotic drug pirfenidone inhibits spondyloarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes and osteoblasts in vitro. BMC Rheumatol 2018; 2:33. [PMID: 30886983 PMCID: PMC6390625 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-018-0040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) involves both inflammation and new bone formation in the spine. In line with this, the disease has been characterized as both inflammatory and fibrotic. The current treatment dampens inflammation while new bone formation can progress. Therefore, there is an unmet therapeutic need for the treatment of new bone formation in SpA. Fibrosis is mediated by myofibroblasts and new bone formation is the result of increased osteoblast mineralization and decreased osteoclast resorption. Here, we evaluate the potential effect of the newly approved anti-fibrotic agent pirfenidone (PFD) on fibrosis and new bone formation in cell culture models of SpA. Methods Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were isolated from SpA patients (n = 6) while the osteoblast cell line Saos-2 was purchased. The cells were cultured with PFD at 0.25 0.5, or 1.0 mg/ml. The proliferation of FLSs was analyzed with light microscopy and flow cytometry. The differentiation and activation of FLSs was assessed with flow cytometry, a membrane-based antibody array and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays. The mineralization capacity of osteoblasts was studied with an assay measuring deposition of hydroxyapatite. Results PFD reduced the Ki67 expression 7.1-fold in untreated FLSs (p = 0.001) and 11.0-fold in FLSs stimulated with transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interferon gamma (IFNγ) (p = 0.022). There were no statistically significant changes in membrane expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), or human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR). In supernatants from FLSs stimulated with TGFβ, TNFα, and IFNγ, PFD decreased the secretion of 3 of 12 proteins more than 2-fold in the membrane-based antibody array. The changes in secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1, YKL-40) were validated with ELISA. PFD decreased the secretion of both Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) (p = 0.006) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (p = 0.02) by SpA FLSs stimulated with TGFβ, TNFα, and IFNγ. Finally, PFD inhibited the deposition of hydroxyapatite by osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.0001). Conclusions PFD inhibited SpA FLS proliferation and function and osteoblast mineralization in vitro. This encourages studies of the in vivo effect of PFD in SpA.
Collapse
|
10
|
Støy S, Sandahl TD, Hansen AL, Deleuran B, Vorup-Jensen T, Vilstrup H, Kragstrup TW. Decreased monocyte shedding of the migration inhibitor soluble CD18 in alcoholic hepatitis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2018; 9:160. [PMID: 29904132 PMCID: PMC6002386 DOI: 10.1038/s41424-018-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During alcoholic hepatitis (AH) monocytes traverse the vascular boundaries and massively invade the liver. In principle, tissue extravasation can be limited through shedding of CD18 integrins from leukocytes, including monocytes. The soluble (s) product sCD18 conceals adhesion receptors on the endothelium, which reduces monocyte extravasation. In AH, monocytes are dysfunctional, but whether this involves their self-generated anti-migration is unknown. Our aim was, therefore, to investigate monocyte CD18 dynamics in AH. METHODS We studied 50 AH patients and 20 healthy controls. We measured monocyte expression and conformational activation of CD18, plasma (P)-sCD18, stimulated in vitro CD18 shedding and P-sCD18 in a short-term chronic-binge mouse model. RESULTS AH-derived monocytes had a 30-60% higher expression of active CD18 receptors (p < 0.01), but the sCD18 concentration per monocyte was reduced in vivo by 30% and in vitro by 120% (p < 0.01). Ethanol reduced the in vitro shedding of CD18 in the patients only. TNFα increased sCD18 concentration per monocyte, but less so in the patients (p < 0.04). P-sCD18 per monocyte was inversely related to disease severity. In early alcoholic liver disease, P-sCD18 was decreased in the mouse model. CONCLUSIONS The monocyte CD18 integrins are highly activated in AH and the single monocyte shedding of CD18 was decreased favoring tissue extravasation. Alcohol in itself and altered monocyte responsiveness to TNFα may explain this lowered shedding. TRANSLATIONAL IMPACT The contribution of this mechanism to the excessive monocyte liver infiltration in AH should be further explored as it may serve as a potential therapeutic target to limit liver inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel Støy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tue Wenzel Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cytokines and integrins related to inflammation of joint and gut in patients with spondyloarthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Reumatologia 2017; 55:276-283. [PMID: 29491535 PMCID: PMC5825965 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2017.72624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) have some overlapping clinical features, i.e. gut and joint inflammation. Cytokines of interleukin 17(IL-17)/IL-23 axis play a pathogenic role in both diseases. Integrins (ITGs) regulate migration of immune cells to inflamed tissues (ITGβ7 into gut, ITGβ2 into gut and also to other tissues). In this study, we search for differences in the serum concentrations of these cytokines and integrins between patients suffering from SpA or IBD with and without overlapping symptoms. Material and methods Patients with SpA (n = 30), IBD (n = 68), and healthy volunteers (n = 28) were included in the study. Fourteen SpA patients reported symptoms characteristic for IBD. Spondyloarthritis symptoms were diagnosed in 50% of IBD patients, while other patients of this group reported arthralgia only. Serum concentrations of IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, ITGβ2, and ITGβ7 were measured by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercially available sets. The Mann-Whitney and Spearman’s rank tests were used for intergroup comparison and correlation assessment, respectively. Results Comparison of patient groups showed significantly higher serum concentrations of IL-17, IL-22, and ITGβ7 in SpA, and up-regulated levels of IL-23 in IBD patients. Similar differences were observed between patient subgroups, both with and without overlapping symptoms. In SpA but not in IBD patients, serum concentrations of ITGβ7 inversely correlated (r = –0.552) with C-reactive protein. Conclusions Patients with SpA and IBD differ in the circulating concentrations of IL-17/IL-23 axis cytokines and ITGβ7, irrespectively of the presence or absence of overlapping symptoms. Therefore, we conclude that observed differences are attributed rather to underlying than concurrent disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kragstrup TW, Juul-Madsen K, Christiansen SH, Zhang X, Krog J, Vorup-Jensen T, Kjaergaard AG. Altered levels of soluble CD18 may associate immune mechanisms with outcome in sepsis. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 190:258-267. [PMID: 28714582 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of sepsis involves a dual inflammatory response, with a hyperinflammatory phase followed by, or in combination with, a hypoinflammatory phase. The adhesion molecules lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) (CD11a/CD18) and macrophage-1 (Mac-1) (CD11b/CD18) support leucocyte adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecules and phagocytosis through complement opsonization, both processes relevant to the immune response during sepsis. Here, we investigate the role of soluble (s)CD18 in sepsis with emphasis on sCD18 as a mechanistic biomarker of immune reactions and outcome of sepsis. sCD18 levels were measured in 15 septic and 15 critically ill non-septic patients. Fifteen healthy volunteers served as controls. CD18 shedding from human mononuclear cells was increased in vitro by several proinflammatory mediators relevant in sepsis. sCD18 inhibited cell adhesion to the complement fragment iC3b, which is a ligand for CD11b/CD18, also known as Mac-1 or complement receptor 3. Serum sCD18 levels in sepsis non-survivors displayed two distinct peaks permitting a partitioning into two groups, namely sCD18 'high' and sCD18 'low', with median levels of sCD18 at 2158 mU/ml [interquartile range (IQR) 2093-2811 mU/ml] and 488 mU/ml (IQR 360-617 mU/ml), respectively, at the day of intensive care unit admission. Serum sCD18 levels partitioned sepsis non-survivors into one group of 'high' sCD18 and low CRP and another group with 'low' sCD18 and high C-reactive protein. Together with the mechanistic data generated in vitro, we suggest the partitioning in sCD18 to reflect a compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome and hyperinflammation, respectively, manifested as part of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Kragstrup
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K Juul-Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - X Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Krog
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - T Vorup-Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A G Kjaergaard
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kragstrup TW, Andersen MN, Schiøttz-Christensen B, Jurik AG, Hvid M, Deleuran B. Increased interleukin (IL)-20 and IL-24 target osteoblasts and synovial monocytes in spondyloarthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:342-351. [PMID: 28369789 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) involves activation of the innate immune system, inflammation and new bone formation. The two cytokines interleukin (IL)-20 and IL-24 have been shown to link innate immune activation and tissue homeostasis. We hypothesized that these two cytokines are secreted as part of activation of the innate immune system and affect bone homeostasis in SpA. IL-20 and IL-24 were measured in plasma from axial SpA patients (n = 83). Peripheral SpA patients (n = 16) were included for in-vitro cell culture studies. The plasma IL-20 and IL-24 levels were increased in SpA patients compared with healthy controls (HCs) by 57 and 83%, respectively (both P < 0·0001). The Toll-like receptor 4-induced secretion of the two cytokines was greater in SpA peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) compared with HC PBMCs. IL-20 and IL-24 increased the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by activated SpA synovial fluid monocytes, decreased the production of Dickkopf-1 by SpA fibroblast-like synovial cells and induced mineralization in human osteoblasts. Taken together, our findings indicate disease-aggravating functions of IL-20 and IL-24 in SpA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M N Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Schiøttz-Christensen
- Spine Centre of Southern Denmark, Hospital Lillebaelt, Middelfart, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A G Jurik
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Synovial cell production of IL-26 induces bone mineralization in spondyloarthritis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:779-787. [PMID: 28365787 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is characterized by inflammation and new bone formation and can be treated by inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-17A. IL-26 is considered a proinflammatory cytokine, predominantly related to Th17 cells. In the present study, we investigate IL-26 expression in SpA patients, and examine the in vitro production of IL-26 by synovial cells and the effects of IL-26 on human osteoblasts. IL-26 was measured by ELISA in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) of 15 SpA patients and in plasma samples from 12 healthy controls. Facet joints from axial SpA patients were stained for IL-26 and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Synovial fluid mononuclear cells, C-C motif chemokine receptor 6 memory Th17 cells, and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were isolated, and supernatants were analyzed for IL-26 content by ELISA. FLSs were further stained for IL-26 production and the myofibroblast marker α-smooth-muscle-actin (αSMA) and analyzed by flow cytometry. Human osteoblasts were cultured in the presence of IL-26, and the degree of mineralization was quantified. We found that IL-26 levels in SF were increased compared with plasma (P < 0.0001). Moreover, IL-26 expression was found in facet joints of axial SpA patients within the bone marrow. IL-26 secretion was primarily found in αSMA+ myofibroblasts. In contrast, Th17 cells did not produce detectable amounts of IL-26. Human osteoblasts treated with IL-26 showed increased mineralization compared with untreated osteoblasts (P = 0.02). In conclusion, IL-26 seems to be produced by myofibroblasts in the inflamed synovium and could be a possible facilitator of bone mineralization in SpA. KEY MESSAGES IL-26 levels are higher in synovial fluid compared to plasma in spondyloarthritis. IL-26 was identified in axial facet joints of spondyloarthritis patients. Myofibroblasts from the spondyloarthritis synovium produce large amounts of IL-26. IL-26 induces bone mineralization in human osteoblasts.
Collapse
|
15
|
Association Between Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, -2, -3 Plasma Levels and Disease Activity of Ankylosing Spondylitis in the Chinese Han Population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016; 41:E618-24. [PMID: 26641849 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN We investigated the association between ICAM-1, -2, -3 plasma levels and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) disease activity. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between ICAM-1, -2, -3 plasma levels and AS disease activity in the Chinese Han population. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA AS is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease that effects the sacroiliac joints and axial skeleton. The intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily and have been identified to play major roles in inflammation and immune responses. METHODS A total of 60 patients with AS and 60 healthy individuals were selected. The plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and ICAM-1, -2, -3, were analyzed by ELISA. Disease severity-related indexes, including the Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI), and ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS), were assessed, along with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level. RESULTS Both ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 levels in plasma were markedly increased in AS patients compared with levels in the plasma of controls. There was no difference between controls and patients in term of ICAM-3 levels. Furthermore, in patients, correlation analysis showed that TNF-α and IL-6 production, as well as the ESR and CRP levels, have positive relationships with ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 plasma levels; the BASDAI, BASFI, and ASDAS scores were also found to be positively correlated with ICAM-2. However, no significant correlations between ICAM-1 levels and BASDAI, BASFI, or ASDAS were detected in our study. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest that ICAM-2 may be a potential biomarker reflecting disease activity and functional ability in AS patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kragstrup TW, Greisen SR, Nielsen MA, Rhodes C, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Hetland ML, Hørslev-Petersen K, Junker P, Østergaard M, Hvid M, Vorup-Jensen T, Robinson WH, Sokolove J, Deleuran B. The interleukin-20 receptor axis in early rheumatoid arthritis: novel links between disease-associated autoantibodies and radiographic progression. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:61. [PMID: 26968800 PMCID: PMC4788924 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is often characterized by the presence of rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, and bone erosions. Current therapies can compromise immunity, leading to risk of infection. The interleukin-20 receptor (IL-20R) axis comprising IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24 and their shared receptors activates tissue homeostasis processes but not the immune system. Consequently, modulation of the IL-20R axis may not lead to immunosuppression, making it an interesting drug target. We evaluated the role of the IL-20R axis in RA and associations between plasma cytokine levels and clinical disease. Methods Plasma IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24 levels were measured in early RA patients during a treat-to-target strategy by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The IL-20R1 and IL-22R1 levels in paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells and synovial fluid mononuclear cells from a different cohort of RA patients were evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Monocytes/macrophages were stimulated with heat-aggregated human immunoglobulin immune complexes and immune complexes containing citrullinated fibrinogen, and osteoclasts were incubated with IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24. Results The plasma concentrations of IL-20 and IL-24 (but not IL-19) were increased in early RA patients compared with healthy controls (both P < 0.002) and decreased after 6 months of treatment (both P < 0.0001). The expression of IL-22R1 (but not IL-20R1) was increased on monocytes from RA synovial fluid compared with monocytes from both RA and healthy control peripheral blood. The plasma concentrations of IL-20 and IL-24 were increased in rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibody positive compared with negative early RA patients (all P < 0.0001). Immune complexes stimulated the production of the IL-20R cytokines by monocytes/macrophages. Increased baseline plasma concentrations of IL-20 and IL-24 were associated with Sharp-van der Heijde score progression after 24 months (Spearman’s rho = 0.19 and 0.26, both P < 0.05) in the early RA patients. The IL-22R1 was expressed by osteoclast precursors and in multinucleated osteoclasts. IL-20 and IL-24 increased the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 by these cells. Conclusions This study suggests that IL-20 and IL-24 link RA-associated autoantibodies with radiographic progression via the IL-22R1. Modulation of this axis holds promise as feasible anti-erosive treatment modalities in seropositive RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tue Wenzel Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Christopher Rhodes
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Merete Lund Hetland
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet and Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mikkel Østergaard
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet and Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - William H Robinson
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Sokolove
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kragstrup TW, Jalilian B, Keller KK, Zhang X, Laustsen JK, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Hetland ML, Hørslev-Petersen K, Junker P, Østergaard M, Hauge EM, Hvid M, Vorup-Jensen T, Deleuran B. Changes in Soluble CD18 in Murine Autoimmune Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Reflect Disease Establishment and Treatment Response. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148486. [PMID: 26849368 PMCID: PMC4743942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) immune activation and presence of autoantibodies may precede clinical onset of disease, and joint destruction can progress despite remission. However, the underlying temporal changes of such immune system abnormalities in the inflammatory response during treat-to-target strategies remain poorly understood. We have previously reported low levels of the soluble form of CD18 (sCD18) in plasma from patients with chronic RA and spondyloarthritis. Here, we study the changes of sCD18 before and during treatment of early RA and following arthritis induction in murine models of rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS The level of sCD18 was analyzed with a time-resolved immunoflourometric assay in 1) plasma from early treatment naïve RA patients during a treat-to-target strategy (the OPERA cohort), 2) plasma from chronic RA patients, 3) serum from SKG and CIA mice following arthritis induction, and 4) supernatants from synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 6 RA patients cultured with TNFα or adalimumab. RESULTS Plasma levels of sCD18 were decreased in chronic RA patients compared with early RA patients and in early RA patients compared with healthy controls. After 12 months of treatment the levels in early RA patients were similar to healthy controls. This normalization of plasma sCD18 levels was more pronounced in patients with very early disease who achieved an early ACR response. Plasma sCD18 levels were associated with radiographic progression. Correspondingly, the serum level of sCD18 was decreased in SKG mice 6 weeks after arthritis induction compared with healthy littermates. The sCD18 levels in both SKG and CIA mice exhibited a biphasic course after arthritis induction with an initial increase above baseline followed by a decline. Shedding of CD18 from RA SFMC and RA PBMC cultures was increased by TNFα and decreased by adalimumab. CONCLUSIONS The plasma sCD18 levels were altered in patients with RA, in mice with autoimmune arthritis and in cell cultures treated with TNFα and adalimumab. Decreased levels of plasma sCD18 could reflect autoimmunity in transition from early to chronic disease and normalization in response to treatment could reflect autoimmunity in remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tue Wenzel Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Babak Jalilian
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Merete Lund Hetland
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mikkel Østergaard
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen-Margrethe Hauge
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Malene Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bech R, Jalilian B, Agger R, Iversen L, Erlandsen M, Otkjaer K, Johansen C, Paludan SR, Rosenberg CA, Kragballe K, Vorup-Jensen T. Interleukin 20 regulates dendritic cell migration and expression of co-stimulatory molecules. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2016; 4:1. [PMID: 26819710 PMCID: PMC4728801 DOI: 10.1186/s40591-016-0046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease characterized by leukocyte skin infiltration. Interestingly, recent works suggest that the migration of dendritic cells (DCs) is abnormal in psoriatic skin. DCs have significant role in regulating the function of T lymphocytes, at least in part influenced by the local environment of cytokines. In psoriatic skin lesions the expression of IL-20 is highly up-regulated. It is unclear if this cytokine has any influence on DCs. Methods Here, we investigated the influence of IL-20 in monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MDDCs) in vitro. This work addressed IL-20 effects on DC maturation, receptor expression and signaling. By use of extra cellular matrix components mimicking the skin environment, we also studied the functional effects of IL-20 on the chemotactic migration of DCs. Based on the recent finding that CD18 integrin are shed during migration of myeloid leukocytes, the concentration of these adhesion molecules was measured in MDDCs culture supernatants post migration. Results Following stimulation with IL-20, immature human MDDCs enhanced the expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD86, further enabling activation of the p38 MAPK, but not the STAT3, pathway. IL-20 increased the migration of MDDCs in a biphasic response narrowly controlled by the interleukin concentration. A concomitant change in the shedding of CD18 integrins suggested that these adhesion molecules play a role in the migration of the MDDCs through the extracellular matrix layer. Conclusion Taken together, our findings points to a possible, yet subtle, role of IL-20 in DCs migration. The biphasic response suggests that the aberrant IL-20 expression in psoriasis impedes DC migration, which could be a part of the processes that precipitates the dysregulated inflammatory response associated with this disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40591-016-0046-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Bech
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Babak Jalilian
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ralf Agger
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mogens Erlandsen
- Department of Public Health - Biostatistics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Otkjaer
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Knud Kragballe
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Interdisiplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Biophysical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Bartholin Building (1240), Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bech R, Jalilian B, Agger R, Iversen L, Erlandsen M, Otkjaer K, Johansen C, Paludan SR, Rosenberg CA, Kragballe K, Vorup-Jensen T. Interleukin 20 regulates dendritic cell migration and expression of co-stimulatory molecules. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2016; 4:1. [PMID: 26819710 PMCID: PMC4728801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease characterized by leukocyte skin infiltration. Interestingly, recent works suggest that the migration of dendritic cells (DCs) is abnormal in psoriatic skin. DCs have significant role in regulating the function of T lymphocytes, at least in part influenced by the local environment of cytokines. In psoriatic skin lesions the expression of IL-20 is highly up-regulated. It is unclear if this cytokine has any influence on DCs. METHODS Here, we investigated the influence of IL-20 in monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MDDCs) in vitro. This work addressed IL-20 effects on DC maturation, receptor expression and signaling. By use of extra cellular matrix components mimicking the skin environment, we also studied the functional effects of IL-20 on the chemotactic migration of DCs. Based on the recent finding that CD18 integrin are shed during migration of myeloid leukocytes, the concentration of these adhesion molecules was measured in MDDCs culture supernatants post migration. RESULTS Following stimulation with IL-20, immature human MDDCs enhanced the expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD86, further enabling activation of the p38 MAPK, but not the STAT3, pathway. IL-20 increased the migration of MDDCs in a biphasic response narrowly controlled by the interleukin concentration. A concomitant change in the shedding of CD18 integrins suggested that these adhesion molecules play a role in the migration of the MDDCs through the extracellular matrix layer. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings points to a possible, yet subtle, role of IL-20 in DCs migration. The biphasic response suggests that the aberrant IL-20 expression in psoriasis impedes DC migration, which could be a part of the processes that precipitates the dysregulated inflammatory response associated with this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Bech
- />Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- />Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Babak Jalilian
- />Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ralf Agger
- />Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- />Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mogens Erlandsen
- />Department of Public Health - Biostatistics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Otkjaer
- />Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Johansen
- />Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Knud Kragballe
- />Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- />Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- />Interdisiplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- />Biophysical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Bartholin Building (1240), Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kragstrup TW, Andersen T, Holm C, Schiøttz-Christensen B, Jurik AG, Hvid M, Deleuran B. Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 induced interleukin-19 dampens immune reactions and associates inversely with spondyloarthritis disease activity. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:233-42. [PMID: 25639337 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of immune mediated inflammatory diseases affecting joints, gut, skin and entheses. The inflammatory process involves activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 and production of cytokines and chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2/MCP-1). This proinflammatory chemokine recruits monocytes to sites of inflammation and is central in the development of several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Interleukin (IL)-19 is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines. IL-19-deficient mice are more susceptible to innate-mediated colitis and develop more severe inflammation in response to injury. In this work, we studied inducers of IL-19 production and effect of IL-19 on the production of CCL2/MCP-1 and proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls (HCs) and in PBMCs and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) from SpA patients. Further, we measured IL-19 in plasma from HCs and in plasma and synovial fluid from SpA patients. Constitutive IL-19 expression was present in both PBMCs and SFMCs and the secretion of IL-19 was increased by TLR-2 and TLR-4 ligands. Neutralizing IL-19 in HC PBMCs and SpA SFMCs resulted in increased production of CCL-2/MCP-1. IL-19 concentrations were decreased in synovial fluid compared with plasma and associated inversely with disease activity in SpA. SpA SFMCs produced less IL-19 in response to LPS compared with HC PBMCs. These findings indicate that IL-19 production is diminished in SpA. Taken together, impaired IL-19 control of the innate immune system might be involved in the pathogenesis of SpA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|