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Bharadwaj AG, McLean ME, Dahn ML, Cahill HF, Wasson MD, Arun RP, Walker OL, Cruickshank BM, Fernando W, Venkatesh J, Barnes PJ, Bethune G, Knapp G, Helyer LK, Giacomantonio CA, Waisman DM, Marcato P. ALDH1A3 promotes invasion and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer by regulating the plasminogen activation pathway. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:91-112. [PMID: 37753740 PMCID: PMC10766202 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) is a cancer stem cell marker that promotes metastasis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression has been linked to ALDH1A3-induced gene expression changes. To investigate the mechanism of ALDH1A3-mediated breast cancer metastasis, we assessed the effect of ALDH1A3 on the expression of proteases and the regulators of proteases that degrade the extracellular matrix, a process that is essential for invasion and metastasis. This revealed that ALDH1A3 regulates the plasminogen activation pathway; it increased the levels and activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). This resulted in a corresponding increase in the activity of serine protease plasmin, the enzymatic product of tPA and uPA. The ALDH1A3 product all-trans-retinoic acid similarly increased tPA and plasmin activity. The increased invasion of TNBC cells by ALDH1A3 was plasminogen-dependent. In patient tumours, ALDH1A3 and tPA are co-expressed and their combined expression correlated with the TNBC subtype, high tumour grade and recurrent metastatic disease. Knockdown of tPA in TNBC cells inhibited plasmin generation and lymph node metastasis. These results identify the ALDH1A3-tPA-plasmin axis as a key contributor to breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregory Knapp
- Department of SurgeryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | | | - Carman A. Giacomantonio
- Department of PathologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Department of SurgeryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - David M. Waisman
- Department of PathologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of PathologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxCanada
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2
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Li CZ, Qiang YY, Liu ZJ, Zheng LS, Peng LX, Mei Y, Meng DF, Wei WW, Chen DW, Xu L, Lang YH, Xie P, Peng XS, Wang MD, Guo LL, Shu DT, Ding LY, Lin ST, Luo FF, Wang J, Li SS, Huang BJ, Chen JD, Qian CN. Ulinastatin inhibits the metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by involving uPA/uPAR signaling. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1468-1481. [PMID: 37534761 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the primary reason for treatment failure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we investigated the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on NPC metastasis and its underlying mechanism. Highly-metastatic NPC cell lines S18 and 58F were treated with UTI and the effect on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined by MTS and Transwell assays. S18 cells with luciferase-expressing (S18-1C3) were injected into the left hind footpad of nude mice to establish a model of spontaneous metastasis from the footpad to popliteal lymph node (LN). The luciferase messenger RNA (mRNA) was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the metastasis inhibition rate was calculated. Key molecular members of the UTI-related uPA, uPAR, and JAT/STAT3 signaling pathways were detected by qPCR and immunoblotting. UTI suppressed the migration and infiltration of S18 and 5-8F cells and suppressed the metastasis of S18 cells in vivo without affecting cell proliferation. uPAR expression decreased from 24 to 48 h after UTI treatment. The antimetastatic effect of UTI is partly due to the suppression of uPA and uPAR. UTI partially suppresses NPC metastasis by downregulating the expression of uPA and uPAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Medical School, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qiang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranical Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Sheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Fang Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Wen Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-Wen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Hong Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xing-Si Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Dian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di-Tian Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu-Yan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Ting Lin
- The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, China
| | - Fei-Fei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha-Sha Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bi-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Ahmad E, Ali A, Nimisha, Kumar Sharma A, Apurva, Kumar A, Dar GM, Sumayya Abdul Sattar R, Verma R, Mahajan B, Singh Saluja S. Molecular markers in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 532:95-114. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
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4
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Ahmad E, Ali A, Nimisha, Kumar Sharma A, Apurva, Kumar A, Mehdi G, Sumayya Abdul Sattar R, Verma R, Mahajan B, Singh Saluja S. Molecular markers in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 532:95-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Cao Z, Delfino K, Tiwari V, Wang X, Hannan A, Zaidi F, McClintock A, Robinson K, Zhu Y, Gao J, Cao D, Rao K. AKR1B10 as a Potential Novel Serum Biomarker for Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:727505. [PMID: 35280770 PMCID: PMC8908957 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.727505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is a secretory protein that is upregulated in breast cancer. Objective This case-controlled pilot study evaluated the serum level of AKR1B10 in healthy women and patients with a localized or metastatic breast cancer. Methods AKR1B10 levels were measured by ELISA and IHC in several patient cohorts. Results Our data showed that serum AKR1B10 was significantly elevated in patients with localized (6.72 ± 0.92 ng/ml) or metastatic (7.79 ± 1.13 ng/ml) disease compared to cancer-free healthy women (1.69 ± 0.17 ng/ml) (p<0.001); the serum AKR1B10 was correlated with its expression in tumor tissues, but not with the tumor burden, molecular subtypes or histological stages. After surgical removal of primary tumors, the serum AKR1B10 was rapidly decreased within 3 days and plateaued at a level similar to that of healthy controls in most patients. ROC curve analysis suggested the optimal diagnostic cut-off value of serum AKR1B10 at 3.456 ng/ml with AUC 0.9045 ± 0.0337 (95% CI 0.8384 - 0.9706), sensitivity 84.75% (95% CI 73.01% to 92.78%), and specificity 93.88% (95% CI 83.13% to 98.72%). Conclusions These data indicate the potential value of serum AKR1B10 as a biomarker of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Kristin Delfino
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Vivek Tiwari
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Abdul Hannan
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Fawwad Zaidi
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Andrew McClintock
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Kathy Robinson
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - John Gao
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Medical Center, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Krishna Rao
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
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Kumar AA, Buckley BJ, Ranson M. The Urokinase Plasminogen Activation System in Pancreatic Cancer: Prospective Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets. Biomolecules 2022; 12:152. [PMID: 35204653 PMCID: PMC8961517 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy that features high recurrence rates and the poorest prognosis of all solid cancers. The urokinase plasminogen activation system (uPAS) is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which accounts for more than 90% of all pancreatic cancers. Overexpression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) or its cell surface receptor uPAR is a key step in the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype via multiple mechanisms, including the increased activation of cell surface localised plasminogen which generates the serine protease plasmin. This triggers multiple downstream processes that promote tumour cell migration and invasion. Increasing clinical evidence shows that the overexpression of uPA, uPAR, or of both is strongly associated with worse clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in PDAC patients. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the uPAS in the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer, with a focus on PDAC, and summarises the substantial body of evidence that supports the role of uPAS components, including plasminogen receptors, in this disease. The review further outlines the clinical utility of uPAS components as prospective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PDAC, as well as a rationale for the development of novel uPAS-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna A. Kumar
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.A.K.); (B.J.B.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Buckley
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.A.K.); (B.J.B.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.A.K.); (B.J.B.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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7
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Bharadwaj AG, Kempster E, Waisman DM. The ANXA2/S100A10 Complex—Regulation of the Oncogenic Plasminogen Receptor. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121772. [PMID: 34944416 PMCID: PMC8698604 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of the serine protease plasmin is initiated by the binding of its zymogenic precursor, plasminogen, to cell surface receptors. The proteolytic activity of plasmin, generated at the cell surface, plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, wound healing, and the invasion of cells through both the basement membrane and extracellular matrix. The seminal observation by Albert Fischer that cancer cells, but not normal cells in culture, produce large amounts of plasmin formed the basis of current-day observations that plasmin generation can be hijacked by cancer cells to allow tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Thus, the cell surface plasminogen-binding receptor proteins are critical to generating plasmin proteolytic activity at the cell surface. This review focuses on one of the twelve well-described plasminogen receptors, S100A10, which, when in complex with its regulatory partner, annexin A2 (ANXA2), forms the ANXA2/S100A10 heterotetrameric complex referred to as AIIt. We present the theme that AIIt is the quintessential cellular plasminogen receptor since it regulates the formation and the destruction of plasmin. We also introduce the term oncogenic plasminogen receptor to define those plasminogen receptors directly activated during cancer progression. We then discuss the research establishing AIIt as an oncogenic plasminogen receptor-regulated during EMT and activated by oncogenes such as SRC, RAS, HIF1α, and PML-RAR and epigenetically by DNA methylation. We further discuss the evidence derived from animal models supporting the role of S100A10 in tumor progression and oncogenesis. Lastly, we describe the potential of S100A10 as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamelu G. Bharadwaj
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.G.B.); (E.K.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Emma Kempster
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.G.B.); (E.K.)
| | - David M. Waisman
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.G.B.); (E.K.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(902)-494-1803; Fax: +1-(902)-494-1355
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8
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Song Y, Li Z, Li L, Zhou H, Zeng TT, Jin C, Lin JR, Gao S, Li Y, Guan XY, Zhu YH. SERPINA11 Inhibits Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Suppressing MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:759-771. [PMID: 34268259 PMCID: PMC8275163 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s315634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose By using integrative RNA sequencing analysis, we identified a novel tumor suppressor, serpin family A member 11 (SERPINA11), which is a serine proteinase inhibitor that belongs to the serpin superfamily. However, the function of SERPINA11 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of SERPINA11 in HCC. Methods Gene expression patterns of SERPINA11 were analyzed in tissue samples of HCC patients by qRT-PCR. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to characterize the function and molecular mechanism of SERPINA11 in the tumor metastasis capacity. Results SERPINA11 was downregulated in approximately 50% of HCC and significantly associated with metastasis and poor outcome of patients. Functional study demonstrated that SERPINA11 could inhibit cell growth, cell migration and tumor metastasis. Mechanistic investigations suggested that SERPINA11 accelerated urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) degradation to suppress extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and thereby subdued metastatic capabilities of HCC cells. Conclusion SERPINA11 plays an important tumor suppressive role in HCC, with possible use as a biomarker and an intervention point for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Song
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Houming Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Rong Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
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Plasmin and Plasminogen System in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081838. [PMID: 33921488 PMCID: PMC8070608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we present a detailed discussion of how the plasminogen-activation system is utilized by tumor cells in their unrelenting attack on the tissues surrounding them. Plasmin is an enzyme which is responsible for digesting several proteins that hold the tissues surrounding solid tumors together. In this process tumor cells utilize the activity of plasmin to digest tissue barriers in order to leave the tumour site and spread to other parts of the body. We specifically focus on the role of plasminogen receptor—p11 which is an important regulatory protein that facilitates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin and by this means promotes the attack by the tumour cells on their surrounding tissues. Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) is now being widely accepted as the key contributor to a range of processes involved in cancer progression from tumor growth to metastasis and chemoresistance. The extracellular matrix (ECM) and the proteases that mediate the remodeling of the ECM form an integral part of the TME. Plasmin is a broad-spectrum, highly potent, serine protease whose activation from its precursor plasminogen is tightly regulated by the activators (uPA, uPAR, and tPA), the inhibitors (PAI-1, PAI-2), and plasminogen receptors. Collectively, this system is called the plasminogen activation system. The expression of the components of the plasminogen activation system by malignant cells and the surrounding stromal cells modulates the TME resulting in sustained cancer progression signals. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion of the roles of plasminogen activation system in tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance with specific emphasis on their role in the TME. We particularly review the recent highlights of the plasminogen receptor S100A10 (p11), which is a pivotal component of the plasminogen activation system.
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10
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Lin WW, Lu YC, Chuang CH, Cheng TL. Ab locks for improving the selectivity and safety of antibody drugs. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:76. [PMID: 32586313 PMCID: PMC7318374 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a major targeted therapy for malignancies, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and chronic inflammatory diseases due to their antigen specificity and longer half-life than conventional drugs. However, long-term systemic antigen neutralization by mAbs may cause severe adverse events. Improving the selectivity of mAbs to distinguish target antigens at the disease site from normal healthy tissue and reducing severe adverse events caused by the mechanisms-of-action of mAbs is still a pressing need. Development of pro-antibodies (pro-Abs) by installing a protease-cleavable Ab lock is a novel and advanced recombinant Ab-based strategy that efficiently masks the antigen binding ability of mAbs in the normal state and selectively "turns on" the mAb activity when the pro-Ab reaches the proteolytic protease-overexpressed diseased tissue. In this review, we discuss the design and advantages/disadvantages of different Ab lock strategies, focusing particularly on spatial-hindrance-based and affinity peptide-based approaches. We expect that the development of different masking strategies for mAbs will benefit the local reactivity of mAbs at the disease site, increase the therapeutic efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with mAbs in chronic diseases and even permit scientists to develop Ab drugs for formerly undruggable targets and satisfy the unmet medical needs of mAb therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Lu
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Tazarotene-Induced Gene 1 (TIG1) Interacts with Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal-Type 2 (SPINK2) to Inhibit Cellular Invasion of Testicular Carcinoma Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6171065. [PMID: 31886233 PMCID: PMC6899300 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6171065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) encodes a protein that is a retinoid-regulated tumor suppressor. TIG1 is expressed in most normal tissues, and downregulation of TIG1 expression in multiple cancers is caused by promoter hypermethylation. Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor-2 (SPINK2) is a serine protease inhibitor, and the SPINK protein family has been shown to inhibit the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). In addition, increased levels of uPA and the uPA receptor were observed in testicular cancer tissues. This study demonstrated that TIG1 interacts with SPINK2 in NT2/D1 testicular carcinoma cells. TIG1 and SPINK2 were highly expressed in normal testis tissues, while low expression levels of TIG1 and SPINK2 were found in testicular cancer tissues. TIG1 inhibited cell invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of NT2/D1 cells. SPINK2 enhanced TIG1-regulated uPA activity and EMT suppression, while silencing SPINK2 alleviated TIG1-mediated EMT regulation, cell migration, and invasion. Therefore, the results suggest that the interaction between TIG1 and SPINK2 plays an important role in the inhibition of testicular cancer cell EMT, and suppression is mediated through downregulation of the uPA/uPAR signaling pathway.
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Hsieh SL, Hsieh S, Lai PY, Wang JJ, Li CC, Wu CC. Carnosine Suppresses Human Colorectal Cell Migration and Intravasation by Regulating EMT and MMP Expression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:477-494. [PMID: 30909731 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide found in the vertebrate skeletal muscles that is usually obtained through the diet. To investigate the mechanism by which carnosine regulates the migration and intravasation of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, we used cultured HCT-116 cells as an experimental model in this study. We examined HCT-116 cell migratory and intravasive abilities and expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated molecules and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) after carnosine treatment. The results showed that both migration and invasion were inhibited in cells treated with carnosine. We found significant decreases in Twist-1 protein levels and increases in E-cadherin protein levels in HCT-116 cells after carnosine exposure. Although plasminogen activator (uPA) and MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels were decreased, TIMP-1 mRNA and protein levels were increased. Furthermore, the cytosolic levels of phosphorylated I κ B (p-I κ B) and NF- κ B DNA-binding activity were reduced after carnosine treatment. These results indicate that carnosine inhibits the migration and intravasation of human CRC cells. The regulatory mechanism may occur by suppressing NF- κ B activity and modulating MMP and EMT-related gene expression in HCT-116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Hsieh
- * Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - ShuChen Hsieh
- † Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Lai
- * Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Jye Wang
- ‡ Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- § Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- ¶ Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
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Ohradanova-Repic A, Machacek C, Donner C, Mühlgrabner V, Petrovčíková E, Zahradníková A, Vičíková K, Hořejší V, Stockinger H, Leksa V. The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor mediates plasminogen-induced efferocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:519-530. [PMID: 30657605 PMCID: PMC6392118 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ab0417-160rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen system is harnessed in a wide variety of physiological processes, such as fibrinolysis, cell migration, or efferocytosis; and accordingly, it is essential upon inflammation, tissue remodeling, wound healing, and for homeostatic maintenance in general. Previously, we identified a plasminogen receptor in the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R, CD222). Here, we demonstrate by means of genetic knockdown, knockout, and rescue approaches combined with functional studies that M6P/IGF2R is up-regulated on the surface of macrophages, recognizes plasminogen exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells, and mediates plasminogen-induced efferocytosis. The level of uptake of plasminogen-coated apoptotic cells inversely correlates with the TNF-α production by phagocytes indicating tissue clearance without inflammation by this mechanism. Our results reveal an up-to-now undetermined function of M6P/IGF2R in clearance of apoptotic cells, which is crucial for tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Machacek
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Donner
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa Mühlgrabner
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Petrovčíková
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Zahradníková
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristína Vičíková
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Václav Hořejší
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Leksa
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Abstract
The life span of cancer patients can be prolonged with appropriate therapies if detected early. Mass screening for early detection of cancer, however, requires sensitive and specific biomarkers obtainable from body fluids such as blood or urine. To date, most biomarker discovery programs focus on the proteome rather than the endogenous peptidome. It has been long-established that tumor cells and stromal cells produce tumor resident proteases (TRPs) to remodel the surrounding tumor microenvironment in support of tumor progression. In fact, proteolytic products of TRPs have been shown to correlate with malignant behavior. Being of low molecular weight, these unique peptides can pass through the endothelial barrier of the vasculature into the bloodstream. As such, the cancer peptidome has increasingly become a focus for biomarker discovery. In this review, we discuss on the various aspects of the peptidome in cancer biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pey Yee Lee
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kugaevskaya EV, Gureeva TA, Timoshenko OS, Solovyeva NI. Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator System in Norm and in Life-Threatening Processes (Review). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2018-6-61-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional urokinase-type plasminogen activator system (uPA-system) includes serine proteinase — uPA or urokinase, its receptor (uPAR) and two inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2). The review discusses the structural features and involvement of the system components in the development of life-threatening processes including carcinogenesis, inflammation, neurogenesis and fibrinolysis, in regulation of which the destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM), cell mobility and signaling inside and outside the cell play a decisive role. uPA triggers the processes by activating the plasminogen and its convertion into plasmin involved in the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in addition to the regulation of fibrinolysis. MMPs can hydrolyze all the major ECM components and therefore play a key role in invasion, metastasis, and cell mobility. MMPs activates a cassette of biologically active regulatory molecules and release them from ECM. uPAR, PAI-1 and PAI-2 are responsible for regulation of the uPA activity. In addition, being a signaling receptor, uPAR along with MMPs lead to the stimulation of a number of signaling pathways that are associated with the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, growth and migration of cells contributing to tumor progression, inflammation, chemotaxis, and angiogenesis. Effective participation of the uPA system components in ECM destruction and regulation of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways demonstrates that the system significantly contributes to the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes.
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Calandro P, Iovenitti G, Zamperini C, Candita F, Dreassi E, Chiariello M, Angelucci A, Schenone S, Botta M, Mancini A. Plasmin-Binding Tripeptide-Decorated Liposomes Loading Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidines for Targeting Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:646-651. [PMID: 30034594 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal cancer types worldwide. HCC cells were proved to overexpress c-Src and Sgk1, a tyrosine and a serine-threonine kinase, respectively, whose role is crucial for the development and progression of the tumor. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives are a class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors that have shown good activity against HepG2. HCC cells were also proved to overexpress plasmin, which is localized on the cell surface bound to its receptors. In this study, a tripeptide with sequence d-Ala-Phe-Lys, which binds a specific reactive site of plasmin, was synthesized and characterized. This tripeptide was used to decorate liposomes encapsulating three selected pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. Liposomes bearing tripeptide have been characterized, not showing remarkable differences with respect to the corresponding tripeptide-free liposomes. In vitro HepG2 cell uptake profiles and cytotoxicities showed that the presence of the tripeptide on the liposomal membrane surface improves the cell-penetrating ability of liposomes and increases the activity of two of the three tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Calandro
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Core Research Laboratory, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Iovenitti
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Zamperini
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Lead Discovery Siena S.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, 53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Candita
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Core Research Laboratory, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, Coppito, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Lead Discovery Siena S.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, 53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga, Siena, Italy
- Biotechnology College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Biolife Science Building, Suite 333, 1900 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Arianna Mancini
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Zwirzitz A, Reiter M, Skrabana R, Ohradanova-Repic A, Majdic O, Gutekova M, Cehlar O, Petrovčíková E, Kutejova E, Stanek G, Stockinger H, Leksa V. Lactoferrin is a natural inhibitor of plasminogen activation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8600-8613. [PMID: 29669808 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen system is essential for dissolution of fibrin clots, and in addition, it is involved in a wide variety of other physiological processes, including proteolytic activation of growth factors, cell migration, and removal of protein aggregates. On the other hand, uncontrolled plasminogen activation contributes to many pathological processes (e.g. tumor cells' invasion in cancer progression). Moreover, some virulent bacterial species (e.g. Streptococci or Borrelia) bind human plasminogen and hijack the host's plasminogen system to penetrate tissue barriers. Thus, the conversion of plasminogen to the active serine protease plasmin must be tightly regulated. Here, we show that human lactoferrin, an iron-binding milk glycoprotein, blocks plasminogen activation on the cell surface by direct binding to human plasminogen. We mapped the mutual binding sites to the N-terminal region of lactoferrin, encompassed also in the bioactive peptide lactoferricin, and kringle 5 of plasminogen. Finally, lactoferrin blocked tumor cell invasion in vitro and also plasminogen activation driven by Borrelia Our results explain many diverse biological properties of lactoferrin and also suggest that lactoferrin may be useful as a potential tool for therapeutic interventions to prevent both invasive malignant cells and virulent bacteria from penetrating host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Reiter
- From the Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology and
| | - Rostislav Skrabana
- the Laboratory of Structural Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neuroimmunology, and
| | | | - Otto Majdic
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria and
| | - Marianna Gutekova
- the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 814 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Ondrej Cehlar
- the Laboratory of Structural Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neuroimmunology, and
| | - Eva Petrovčíková
- the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 814 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kutejova
- the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 814 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Gerold Stanek
- From the Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology and
| | | | - Vladimir Leksa
- From the Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology and .,the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 814 38, Slovak Republic
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18
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Computational Approaches and Analysis for a Spatio-Structural-Temporal Invasive Carcinoma Model. Bull Math Biol 2018; 80:701-737. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-018-0396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Suppressive effects on cell proliferation and motility in gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells by introducing ulinastatin in vitro. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 27:651-9. [PMID: 27187019 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ulinastatin (UTI) is a kind of urinary trypsin inhibitor regulating broad-spectrum proteases and is used widely in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Some evidence has suggested that UTI has antitumor functions in human carcinomas, but its function in gastric cancer (GC) has not been discussed extensively. In this study, we investigated the effects of UTI on GC SGC-7901 cells in vitro by preincubating cells with the UTI. The expression of the related molecules, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), was investigated at both the mRNA and the protein stages. Activation of uPA was analyzed and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 downstream uPA was detected. According to the results, UTI downregulated uPA expression and significantly suppressed the activation of uPA and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Furthermore, the SGC-7901 cells treated by UTI showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation and impairment of invasion and migration. However, no significant influence was observed on cell apoptosis. By ectopically expressing uPA in SGC-7901 cells, suppression effects of UTI were rescued. We suggest that UTI suppresses GC cell proliferation, motility, and at least partly conducted through uPA. Although the effects of UTI in GC cells need to be validated further, UTI represents a strong therapeutic strategy that is worth following up in GC treatment.
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Viedma-Rodríguez R, Martínez-Hernández MG, Flores-López LA, Baiza-Gutman LA. Epsilon-aminocaproic acid prevents high glucose and insulin induced-invasiveness in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, modulating the plasminogen activator system. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 437:65-80. [PMID: 28612231 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type II diabetes mellitus have contributed to the increase of breast cancer incidence worldwide. High glucose concentration promotes the proliferation of metastatic cells, favoring the activation of the plasminogen/plasmin system, thus contributing to tumor progression. The efficient formation of plasmin is dependent on the binding of plasminogen to the cell surface. We studied the effect of ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA), an inhibitor of the binding of plasminogen to cell surface, on proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and plasminogen activation system, in metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells grown in a high glucose microenvironment and treated with insulin. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with EACA 12.5 mmol/L under high glucose 30 mmol/L (HG) and high glucose and insulin 80 nmol/L (HG-I) conditions, evaluating: cell population growth, % of viability, migratory, and invasive abilities, as well as the expression of uPA, its receptor (uPAR), and its inhibitor (PAI-1), by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNAs were evaluated by RT-PCR. Markers of EMT were evaluated by Western blot. Additionally, the presence of active uPA was studied by gel zymography, using casein-plasminogen as substrates. EACA prevented the increase in cell population, migration and invasion induced by HG and insulin, which was associated with the inhibition of EMT and the attenuation of HG- and insulin-dependent expression of uPA, uPAR, PAI-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, α-enolase (ENO A), and HCAM. The interaction of plasminogen to the cell surface and plasmin formation are mediators of the prometastasic action of hyperglycemia and insulin, potentially, EACA can be employed in the prevention and as adjuvant treatment of breast tumorigenesis promoted by hyperglycemia and insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubí Viedma-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Martínez-Hernández
- Unidad de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Antonio Flores-López
- Unidad de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Arturo Baiza-Gutman
- Unidad de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico.
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KWON YUNSUK, LEE KYUSHIK, CHUN SOYOUNG, JANG TAEJUNG, NAM KYUNGSOO. Suppressive effects of a proton beam on tumor growth and lung metastasis through the inhibition of metastatic gene expression in 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer model. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:336-42. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Pulz LH, Strefezzi RF. Proteases as prognostic markers in human and canine cancers. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:669-683. [PMID: 27136601 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of several types of proteins, which interact and form dynamic networks. These components can modulate cell behaviour and actively influence the growth and differentiation of tissues. ECM is also important in several pathological processes, such as cancer invasion and metastasis, by creating favourable microenvironments. Proteolysis in neoplastic tissues is mediated by proteinases, whose regulation involves complex interactions between neoplastic cells and non-neoplastic stromal cells. In this review, we discuss aspects of proteinase expression and tumor behaviour in humans and dogs. Different classes of proteases are summarized, with special emphasis being placed on molecules that have been shown to correlate with prognosis, reinforcing the need for a better understanding of the regulation of this microenvironment and its influences in tumor progression and metastasis, which should significantly aid the development of improved prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Pulz
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional (LOCT), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - R F Strefezzi
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional (LOCT), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Hao W, Friedman A. Serum uPAR as Biomarker in Breast Cancer Recurrence: A Mathematical Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153508. [PMID: 27078836 PMCID: PMC4831695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently over 2.5 million breast cancer survivors in the United States and, according to the American Cancer Society, 10 to 20 percent of these women will develop recurrent breast cancer. Early detection of recurrence can avoid unnecessary radical treatment. However, self-examination or mammography screening may not discover a recurring cancer if the number of surviving cancer cells is small, while biopsy is too invasive and cannot be frequently repeated. It is therefore important to identify non-invasive biomarkers that can detect early recurrence. The present paper develops a mathematical model of cancer recurrence. The model, based on a system of partial differential equations, focuses on tissue biomarkers that include the plasminogen system. Among them, only uPAR is known to have significant correlation to its concentration in serum and could therefore be a good candidate for serum biomarker. The model includes uPAR and other associated cytokines and cells. It is assumed that the residual cancer cells that survived primary cancer therapy are concentrated in the same location within a region with a very small diameter. Model simulations establish a quantitative relation between the diameter of the growing cancer and the total uPAR mass in the cancer. This relation is used to identify uPAR as a potential serum biomarker for breast cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Hao
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Tykhomyrov AA, Vovchuk IL, Grinenko TV. PLASMINOGEN AND ANGIOSTATIN LEVELS IN FEMALE BENIGN BREAST LESIONS. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2016; 87:103-12. [PMID: 26717601 DOI: 10.15407/ubj87.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that benign breast tissue exhibit relatively low angiogenic capacity. Activation of angiogenesis in mammary pre-malignant lesions could be associated with disease progression and high risk of transformation into the breast cancer. However, insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis regulation in non-cancerous breast pathologies is still poorly defined. The purpose of the present study was to determine levels of plasminogen and its proteolytic fragments (angiostatins) in mammary dysplasia (mastopathy and breast cyst) and benign neoplasms (fibroadenomas). Plasminogen and angiostatins were analyzed using immunoblotting and quantified by densitometric scanning. The significant increase in plasminogen levels was found in fibrocystic, cysts, and non-proliferatious fibroadenoma masses (4.7-, 3.7-, and 3.5-fold, respectively) compared to healthy breast tissues (control). In the same benign lesions, 6.7-, 4-, and 3.7-fold increase in plasminogen 50 kDa fragment (angiostatin) levels as compared with control were also observed. Activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9, which was detected using gelatine zymography, could be responsible for plasminogen cleavage and abundance of angiostatin infibrocystic and cyst masses. In contrast, dramatic decrease of both plasminogen and angiostatin levels (3.8- and 5.3-folds, respectively) was shown in tissues of proliferatious form of fibroadenoma in comparison with that of the dormant type of this neoplasm. Based on the obtained results, we concluded that angiostatin, a potent vessel growth inhibitor and anti-inflammatory molecule, can play a crucial role in pathophysiology of non-cancerous breast diseases. Further studies are needed to evaluate potential diagnostic and clinical implications of these proteins for prediction and therapy of benign breast pathologies.
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Huang CY, Chang MC, Huang WY, Huang CT, Tang YC, Huang HD, Kuo KT, Chen CA, Cheng WF. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator resulting from endometrial carcinogenesis enhances tumor invasion and correlates with poor outcome of endometrial carcinoma patients. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10680. [PMID: 26033187 PMCID: PMC4451531 DOI: 10.1038/srep10680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the dysregulated genes involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEC), and their possible mechanisms. Endometrial specimens including normal endometrial tissues, atypical endometrial hyperplasia, and EEC were analyzed. The expression profiles were compared using GeneChip Array. The gene expression levels were determined by real-time RT-PCR in the training and testing sets to correlate the clinico-pathological parameters of EEC. Immunoblotting, in vitro cell migration and invasion assays were performed in human endometrial cancer cell lines and their transfectants. In microarray analysis, seven dysregulated genes were identified. Only the levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) were higher in EEC with deep myometrial invasion, positive lympho-vascular space invasion, lymph node metastasis, and advanced stages. After multivariate analysis, uPA was the only independent poor prognostic factor for disease-free survival in the EEC patients (hazard ratio: 4.65, p = 0.03). uPA may enhance the migratory and invasive capabilities of endometrial tumor cells by the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt and p38 molecules. uPA is a dysregulated gene involved in the tumorigenesis, bio-pathological features and outcomes of EEC. uPA may be a potential molecule and target for the detection and treatment of EEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yen Huang
- 1] Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yun Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Huang
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chien Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-An Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Cheng
- 1] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan [3] Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Group A streptococci (GAS) express soluble and surface-bound virulence factors. Secreted streptokinase (SK) allelic variants exhibit varying abilities to activate host plasminogen (Pg), and GAS pathogenicity is associated with Pg activation and localization of the resulting plasmin (Pm) on the bacterial surface to promote dissemination. The various mechanisms by which GAS usurp the host proteolytic system are discussed, including the molecular sexuality mechanism of conformational activation of the Pg zymogen (Pg*) and subsequent proteolytic activation of substrate Pg by the S•KPg* and SK•Pm catalytic complexes. Substantial progress has been made to delineate both processes in a unified mechanism. Pm coats the bacteria by direct and indirect binding pathways involving plasminogen-binding group A streptococcal M-like (PAM) protein and host fibrin(ogen). Transgenic mouse models using human Pg are being optimized to mimic infections by SK variants in humans and to define in vivo combined mechanisms of these variants and PAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Verhamme
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P R Panizzi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - P E Bock
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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From plasminogen to plasmin: role of plasminogen receptors in human cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21229-52. [PMID: 25407528 PMCID: PMC4264222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151121229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface-associated proteolysis mediated by plasmin (PLA) is an essential feature of wound healing, angiogenesis and cell invasion, processes that are dysregulated in cancer development, progression and systemic spread. The generation of PLA, initiated by the binding of its precursor plasminogen (PLG) to the cell surface, is regulated by an array of activators, inhibitors and receptors. In this review, we will highlight the importance of the best-characterized components of the PLG/PLA cascade in the pathogenesis of cancer focusing on the role of the cell surface-PLG receptors (PLG-R). PLG-R overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients and resistance to chemotherapy. We will also discuss recent findings on the molecular mechanisms regulating cell surface expression and distribution of PLG-R.
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Aisina RB, Mukhametova LI. Structure and function of plasminogen/plasmin system. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014; 40:642-57. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162014060028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Improved Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Properties of the Selective Urokinase Inhibitor PAI-2 (SerpinB2) by Site-Specific PEGylation: Implications for Drug Delivery. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1045-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Roy DM, Walsh LA. Candidate prognostic markers in breast cancer: focus on extracellular proteases and their inhibitors. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2014; 6:81-91. [PMID: 25114586 PMCID: PMC4090043 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s46020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the complex network of proteins that surrounds cells in multicellular organisms. Due to its diverse nature and composition, the ECM has a multifaceted role in both normal tissue homeostasis and pathophysiology. It provides structural support, segregates tissues from one another, and regulates intercellular communication. Furthermore, the ECM sequesters a wide range of growth factors and cytokines that may be released upon specific and well-coordinated cues. Regulation of the ECM is performed by the extracellular proteases, which are tasked with cleaving and remodeling this intricate and diverse protein matrix. Accordingly, extracellular proteases are differentially expressed in various tissue types and in many diseases such as cancer. In fact, metastatic dissemination of tumor cells requires degradation of extracellular matrices by several families of proteases, including metalloproteinases and serine proteases, among others. Extracellular proteases are emerging as strong candidate cancer biomarkers for aiding and predicting patient outcome. Not surprisingly, inhibition of these protumorigenic enzymes in animal models of metastasis has shown impressive therapeutic effects. As such, many of these proteolytic inhibitors are currently in various phases of clinical investigation. In addition to direct approaches, aberrant expression of extracellular proteases in disease states may also facilitate the selective delivery of other therapeutic or imaging agents. Herein, we outline extracellular proteases that are either bona fide or probable prognostic markers in breast cancer. Furthermore, using existing patient data and multiple robust statistical analyses, we highlight several extracellular proteases and associated inhibitors (eg, uPA, ADAMs, MMPs, TIMPs, RECK) that hold the greatest potential as clinical biomarkers. With the recent advances in high-throughput technology and targeted therapies, the incorporation of extracellular protease status in breast cancer patient management may have a profound effect on improving outcomes in this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Roy
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Ko HS, Kim JS, Cho SM, Lee HJ, Ahn KS, Kim SH, Lee EO. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression and Rac1/WAVE-2/Arp2/3 pathway are blocked by pterostilbene to suppress cell migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1176-9. [PMID: 24440300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among females, and cancer invasion and metastasis are the leading causes of cancer death in breast cancer patients. Pterostilbene, a naturally occurring dimethylether analogue of resveratrol, has been demonstrated to possess anti-cancer effects. However, inhibitory effects of pterostilbene on cell migration and invasion and its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the anti-invasive mechanisms of pterostilbene in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 cells. Pterostilbene effectively inhibited serum-induced migration and invasion without affecting the viability of breast cancer cells. The mRNA expression and activity of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) were markedly reduced by pterostilbene treatment. Moreover, pterostilbene attenuated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity and DNA binding of NF-κB on uPA promoter. In addition, pterostilbene significantly impaired the activity of Rac1 and the expression of WASP-family verprolin-homologous protein-2 (WAVE-2) and actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3). Overall, these results suggest that pterostilbene caused considerable suppression of cell migration and invasion through blocking NF-κB-mediated uPA expression and Rac1/WAVE/Arp2/3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Ko
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sung Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Cho
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ok Lee
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Sanderson-Smith ML, Zhang Y, Ly D, Donahue D, Hollands A, Nizet V, Ranson M, Ploplis VA, Walker MJ, Castellino FJ. A key role for the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in invasive Group A streptococcal infection. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003469. [PMID: 23853591 PMCID: PMC3701706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of the serine protease plasmin is central to the pathogenesis of many bacterial species, including Group A streptococcus (GAS), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. A key process in invasive GAS disease is the ability to accumulate plasmin at the cell surface, however the role of host activators of plasminogen in this process is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) contributes to plasmin recruitment and subsequent invasive disease initiation in vivo. In the absence of a source of host plasminogen activators, streptokinase (Ska) was required to facilitate cell surface plasmin acquisition by GAS. However, in the absence of Ska, host activators were sufficient to promote cell surface plasmin acquisition by GAS strain 5448 during incubation with plasminogen or human plasma. Furthermore, GAS were able mediate a significant increase in the activation of zymogen pro-uPA in human plasma. In order to assess the contribution of uPA to invasive GAS disease, a previously undescribed transgenic mouse model of infection was employed. Both C57/black 6J, and AlbPLG1 mice expressing the human plasminogen transgene, were significantly more susceptible to invasive GAS disease than uPA−/− mice. The observed decrease in virulence in uPA−/−mice was found to correlate directly with a decrease in bacterial dissemination and reduced cell surface plasmin accumulation by GAS. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of GAS pathogenesis, and research aimed at therapeutic targeting of plasminogen activation in invasive bacterial infections. Subversion of the host fibrinolytic system by bacterial pathogens is recognised as a key process in severe disease initiation. Co-opting of plasmin by bacteria contributes to tissue destruction and bacterial dissemination, both hallmarks of invasive Group A streptococcal disease, and research aimed at therapeutic targeting of the nexus between group A streptococcus and the fibrinolytic system is increasing. The host plasminogen activator uPA is found at the surface of cells that contribute to epithelial and innate immune defense against bacterial infection, and may contribute to bacterial recruitment of plasmin, however, the role of uPA in group A streptococcal infection is not well characterised. Here, we describe for the first time the key role played by uPA in invasive group A streptococcal disease. The ability of this pathogen to cause severe infection, even in the absence of the bacterial plasminogen activator streptokinase, has significant implications for the development of therapeutics to control invasive bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina L Sanderson-Smith
- Ilawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
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Xu C, Wang H, He H, Zheng F, Chen Y, Zhang J, Lin X, Ma D, Zhang H. Low expression of TFPI-2 associated with poor survival outcome in patients with breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:118. [PMID: 23497249 PMCID: PMC3607852 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of TFPI-2 expression in breast cancer patients through examining the correlation between TFPI-2 expression and breast cancer clinicopathologic features. Methods Immunohistochemical staining combined with digital image analysis was used to quantify the expression of TFPI-2 protein in breast tumor tissues. For evaluation of the prognostic value of TFPI-2 expression to each clinicopathologic factor, Kaplan-Meier method and COX’s Proportional Hazard Model were employed. Results TFPI-2 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histologic grade, clinical stage, and vessel invasion. More importantly, TFPI-2 expression was also associated with disease-free survival (DFS) of breast cancer patients. We found that patients with high TFPI-2 expression had longer DFS compared with those with low or negative expression of TFPI-2 (P <0.05, log-rank test). Cox’s regression analysis indicated that TFPI-2 expression, histologic grade, and vessel invasion might be significant prognostic factors for DFS, while TFPI-2 expression and histologic grade were the most significant independent predictors for tumor recurrence. Compared with the group with low/high TFPI-2 expression, the TFPI-2 negative group was more likely to have tumor relapse. The hazard ratio of DFS is 0.316 (P <0.01). Conclusions Low or negative expression of TFPI-2 is associated with breast cancer progression, recurrence and poor survival outcome after breast cancer surgery. TFPI-2 expression in breast tumors is a potential prognostic tool for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
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Synthesis and Biological Activity of N-Sulfonyltripeptides with C-Terminal Arginine as Potential Serine Proteases Inhibitors. Int J Pept Res Ther 2012; 19:191-198. [PMID: 23926446 PMCID: PMC3726930 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-012-9338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tripeptides of the general X-SO2-d-Ser-AA-Arg-CO-Y formula, where X = α-tolyl, p-tolyl, 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl; AA = alanine, glycine, norvaline and Y = OH, NH-(CH2)5NH2 were obtained and tested for their effect on the amidolytic activities of urokinase, thrombin, trypsin, plasmin, t-PA and kallikrein. The most active compound towards urokinase was PhCH2SO2-d-Ser-Gly-Arg-OH with Ki value 5.4 μM and the most active compound toward thrombin was PhCH2SO2-d-Ser-NVa-Arg-OH with Ki value 0.82 μM. The peptides were nontoxic against porcine erythrocytes in vitro. PhCH2SO2-d-Ser-Gly-Arg-OH showed cytotoxic effect against DLD cell lines with IC50 values of 5 μM. For the highly selective determination of the interaction of some of the synthesised acids of tripeptides with urokinase and plasmin the Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging sensor has been applied. These compounds bind to urokinase and plasmin in 0.05 mM concentration.
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37
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Tykhomyrov AA. Interaction of actin with plasminogen/plasmin system: mechanisms and physiological role. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Tykhomyrov
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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The urokinase plasminogen activator system in breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2012. [PMID: 23201006 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The urokinase plasminogen activator system, which is a serine protease family include urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), the uPA receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs). uPA catalyzes the transformation of plasminogen to its active form plasmin, which is able to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membranes, directly or indirectly through activating pro-matrix metalloproteinases (pro-MMPs), promoting cancer cell metastasis and invasion. Both uPA and PAI-1 are poor prognosis markers in primary breast cancer. Evidence has been presented that the uPA system facilitates breast cancer metastasis by several different mechanisms, such as the Ras-ERK pathway and p38 MAPK pathway. This review focuses on uPA system, summarizes their biological effects, highlights the molecular mechanism and pathway, and discusses the role of uPA system in the prevention and treatment of human breast cancers.
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Abstract
Plasminogen and plasmin tether to cell surfaces through ubiquitously expressed and structurally quite dissimilar family of proteins, as well as some nonproteins, that are collectively referred to as plasminogen receptors. Of the more than one dozen plasminogen receptors that have been identified, many have been shown to facilitate plasminogen activation to plasmin and to protect bound plasmin from inactivation by inhibitors. The generation of such localized and sustained protease activity is utilized to facilitate numerous cellular responses, including responses that depend on cellular migration. However, many cells express multiple plasminogen receptors and numerous plasminogen receptors are expressed on many different cell types. Furthermore, several different plasminogen receptors can be used to support the same cellular response, such as inflammatory cell migration. Here, we discuss the perplexing issue: why are there so many different Plg-Rs?
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Leksa V, Pfisterer K, Ondrovičová G, Binder B, Lakatošová S, Donner C, Schiller HB, Zwirzitz A, Mrvová K, Pevala V, Kutejová E, Stockinger H. Dissecting mannose 6-phosphate-insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor complexes that control activation and uptake of plasminogen in cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:22450-62. [PMID: 22613725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.339663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen (Plg) activation cascade on the cell surface plays a central role in cell migration and is involved in a plethora of physiological and pathological processes. Its regulation is coordinated by many receptors, in particular the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR, CD87), receptors that physically interact and functionally cooperate with uPAR, and Plg binding molecules. Here we studied the impact of one of the Plg binding molecules, the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P-IGF2R, CD222), on cellular Plg activation. By developing both in vitro and in vivo Plg activation assays on size-fractionated lysates of M6P-IGF2R-silenced cells, we identified Plg-associated complexes with M6P-IGF2R as the regulatory factor. Using lipid raft preserving versus dissolving detergents, we found lipid dependence of the Plg regulatory function of these complexes. Furthermore, M6P-IGF2R-silencing in uPAR-positive human cell lines reduced internalization of Plg, resulting in elevated Plg activation. In contrast, the expression of human M6P-IGF2R in mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from M6P-IGF2R knock-out mice enhanced Plg internalization. Finally, peptide 18-36 derived from the Plg-binding site within M6P-IGF2R enhanced Plg uptake. Thus, by targeting Plg to endocytic pathways, M6P-IGF2R appears to control Plg activation within cells that might be important to restrict plasmin activity to specific sites and substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Leksa
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Prostate Cancer Cell Surface-Associated Keratin 8 and Its Implications for Enhanced Plasmin Activity. Protein J 2012; 31:195-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-011-9388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Markowska A, Bruzgo M, Surażyński A, Midura-Nowaczek K. Tripeptides with non-code amino acids as potential serine proteases inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:639-43. [PMID: 22299583 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.651463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight peptides of the general H-D-Ser-AA-Arg-OH formula, where AA = phenylglycine, phenylalanine, homophenylalanine, cyclohexylglycine, cyclohexylalanine, homocyclohexylalanine, α-methylphenylalanine and 1-aminocyclohexyl carboxylic acid were obtained and tested for their effect on the amidolytic activities of urokinase, thrombin, trypsin, plasmin, t-PA and kallikrein. We tested the hemolytic activity of the peptides against porcine erythrocytes and the antitumor activity against the human breast cancer cells, standard MCF-7 and estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231. The most active compounds were H-D-Ser-Chg-Arg-OH towards thrombin and H-D-Ser-Phg-Arg-OH towards plasmin with K(i) value 5.02 μM and 5.7 μM, respectively.
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Yu TC, Chang CJ, Ho CH, Peh HC, Chen SE, Liu WB, Peng HY, Piamya P, Chen MT, Nagahata H. Modifications of the defense and remodeling functionalities of bovine neutrophils inside the mammary gland of milk stasis cows received a commercial dry-cow treatment. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 144:210-9. [PMID: 22001628 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate length of milk stasis between two consecutive lactations of dairy cows is crucial for sustainable milk production. This dry period of cows allows extensive remodeling and sufficient cell renewal in mammary gland. Nevertheless, early dry period is one of the most risky stages in cow lactation cycle to intramammary infection. Dry-cow treatment through teats is, therefore, widely practiced at the commencement of milk stasis. Neutrophils are the most abundant cellular components in cow mammary secretion during early dry period, which in turn attribute to the meanwhile elevation of somatic cell counts and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) level. This study used bovine peripheral neutrophils as a cell model to examine the mode of modifications in their defense and remodeling functionalities after infiltration into mammary gland during early dry period. Results indicate a dose-dependent suppression of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated free radical production and induction of MMP 9 degranulation in bovine peripheral neutrophils exposure to the d 7-dry secretion of cows received dry cow treatment at d 0 in milk stasis. Meanwhile, an enhancement of plasminogen activation and TNF-α shedding on bovine peripheral neutrophils were also observed. These two cellular events might be involved in the functional modifications on infiltrated neutrophils during early dry period. In conclusion, the opposite trend of modifications in the defense and matrix remodeling functionalities of neutrophils inside the mammary gland of cows at early dry period reflect the collaboration of infiltrated neutrophils for promoting extensive glandular remodeling at minimum compromise of local defense during the acute involution period without apparent disturbance by dry cow treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chieh Yu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
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Luo J, Sun X, Gao F, Zhao X, Zhong B, Wang H, Sun Z. Effects of ulinastatin and docetaxel on breast cancer invasion and expression of uPA, uPAR and ERK. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2011; 30:71. [PMID: 21798065 PMCID: PMC3173354 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of ulinastatin and docetaxel on invasion of breast cancer cells and expression of uPA, uPAR and ERK, breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Methods The nude mice were treated with PBS, ulinastatin, docetaxel, and ulinastatin plus docetaxel, respectively. Their effects on 1) cell invasion ability was assayed using Transwell; 2) expression of uPA, uPAR and ERK was detected by real time PCR and Western blot; 3) uPA, uPAR and p-ERK protein level in nude mice was quantified by immunohistochemistry. Results 1) Treatment with ulinastatin, docetaxel, and ulinastatin plus docetaxel, respectively, significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell invasion; 2) mRNA and protein levels of uPA, uPAR and ERK1/2 were inhibited by ulinastatin, but enhanced by docetaxel. Conclusion Ulinastatin can enhance the effects of docetaxel on invasion of breast cancer cells. And that uPA, uPAR and p-ERK expression is obviously inhibited by ulinastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Department of Breast, Pancreas, and Thyroid Surgery Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, China
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Engineering streptokinase for generation of active site-labeled plasminogen analogs. Anal Biochem 2011; 415:105-15. [PMID: 21570944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that streptokinase (SK) can be used to generate active site-labeled fluorescent analogs of plasminogen (Pg) by virtue of its nonproteolytic activation of the zymogen. The method is versatile and allows stoichiometric and active site-specific incorporation of any one of many molecular probes. The limitation of the labeling approach is that it is both time-consuming and low yield. Here we demonstrate an improved method for the preparation of labeled Pg analogs by the use of an engineered SK mutant fusion protein with both COOH- and NH(2)-terminal His(6) tags. The NH(2)-terminal tag is followed by a tobacco etch virus proteinase cleavage site to ensure that the SK Ile(1) residue, essential for conformational activation of Pg, is preserved. The SK COOH-terminal Lys(414) residue and residues Arg253-Leu260 in the SK β-domain were deleted to prevent cleavage by plasmin (Pm) and to disable Pg substrate binding to the SK·Pg(∗)/Pm catalytic complexes, respectively. Near elimination of Pm generation with the SKΔ(R253-L260)ΔK414-His(6) mutant increased the yield of labeled Pg 2.6-fold and reduced the time required more than 2-fold. The versatility of the labeling method was extended to the application of Pg labeled with a near-infrared probe to quantitate Pg receptors on immune cells by flow cytometry.
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Small molecule antagonists of the urokinase (uPA): urokinase receptor (uPAR) interaction with high reported potencies show only weak effects in cell-based competition assays employing the native uPAR ligand. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2549-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Leksa V, Loewe R, Binder B, Schiller HB, Eckerstorfer P, Forster F, Soler-Cardona A, Ondrovičová G, Kutejová E, Steinhuber E, Breuss J, Drach J, Petzelbauer P, Binder BR, Stockinger H. Soluble M6P/IGF2R Released by TACE Controls Angiogenesis via Blocking Plasminogen Activation. Circ Res 2011; 108:676-85. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.234732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rationale:
The urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system is among the most crucial pericellular proteolytic systems associated with the processes of angiogenesis. We previously identified an important regulator of the uPA system in the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R).
Objective:
Here, we wanted to clarify whether and how did the soluble form of M6P/IGF2R (sM6P/IGF2R) contribute to modulation of the uPA system.
Methods and Results:
By using specific inhibitors and RNA interference, we show that the tumor necrosis factor α convertase (TACE, ADAM-17) mediates the release of the ectodomain of M6P/IGF2R from human endothelial cells. We demonstrate further that sM6P/IGF2R binds plasminogen (Plg) and thereby prevents Plg from binding to the cell surface and uPA, ultimately inhibiting in this manner Plg activation. Furthermore, peptide 18-36 derived from the Plg-binding site of M6P/IGF2R mimics sM6P/IGF2R in the inhibition of Plg activation and blocks cancer cell invasion in vitro, endothelial cell invasion in vivo, and tumor growth in vivo.
Conclusions:
The interaction of sM6P/IGF2R with Plg may be an important regulatory mechanism to inhibit migration of cells using the uPA/uPAR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Leksa
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Robert Loewe
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Brigitte Binder
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Herbert B. Schiller
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Paul Eckerstorfer
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Florian Forster
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Ana Soler-Cardona
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Gabriela Ondrovičová
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Eva Kutejová
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Eva Steinhuber
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Johannes Breuss
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Johannes Drach
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Bernd R. Binder
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit (V.L., B.B., H.B.S., P.E., F.F., E.S., H.S.), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology (V.L., G.O., E.K.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Dermatology (R.L., A.S.-C., P.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B., B.R.B.), Center for
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Markowska A, Bruzgo I, Miltyk W, Midura-Nowaczek K. Tripeptides with C-Terminal Arginine as Potential Inhibitors of Urokinase. Int J Pept Res Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-011-9239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aisina RB, Mukhametova LI, Gulin DA, Levashov MY, Prisyazhnaya NV, Gershkovich KB, Varfolomeyev SD. Inhibitory effect of angiostatins on activity of the plasminogen/plasminogen activator system. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 74:1104-13. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629790910006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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TNFα-mediated plasminogen activation on neutrophils is involved in the high plasmin activity in mammary secretion of drying-off cows. J DAIRY RES 2009; 76:459-68. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029909990069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between inflammatory cytokines and plasminogen (Pg) activation system on immune cells are yet to be established. In previous studies we reported a somatic cell-associated elevation of proteolytic activity in mammary secretion of drying-off goats and cows. The purposes of the present study were to examine the role of TNF-α in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-associated Pg activation, and the significance of this activation pathway for overall plasmin (Pm) activity in mammary secretion of drying-off cows. Results of experiments in vitro showed that the spontaneous Pg activation observed on fresh preparations of bovine blood PMN was completely blocked by anti bovine TNF-α antibody, and was further up-regulated by exogenous bovine TNF-α. Monitoring the parameters of mammary secretion of drying-off cows revealed that both somatic cell counts and differential PMN ratio was significantly elevated at weeks 1, 2 and 3 of milk stasis. Nevertheless, specific activity of soluble Pm in mammary secretion increased and the level of 17-kDa TNF-α decreased immediately following milk stasis. Iimmunoblotting revealed that although both 26-kDa pro-TNF-α and 17-kDa TNF-α were consistently present in somatic cells of mammary secretion collected at weeks 0, 1, 2 and 3 of milk stasis, only 26-kDa pro-TNF-α was present in somatic cells of milk during lactation. In-vitro assay indicated that cell-free mammary secretion of drying-off cows exerted no Pg activation bioactivity towards bovine blood PMN. Altogether, the current study suggests the existence of an active TNF-α-Pg-Pm autocrine/paracrine loop on the massively infiltrated PMN inside udders of drying-off cows, which involves extensive binding and internalization of 17-kDa TNF-α on PMN and consequently activation of Pg, resulting in high Pm activity and low 17-kDa TNF-α level in mammary secretion. These coordinated mechanisms may play a role in the defence of drying-off mammary gland.
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