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Dailey GP, Rabiola CA, Lei G, Wei J, Yang XY, Wang T, Liu CX, Gajda M, Hobeika AC, Summers A, Marek RD, Morse MA, Lyerly HK, Crosby EJ, Hartman ZC. Vaccines targeting ESR1 activating mutations elicit anti-tumor immune responses and suppress estrogen signaling in therapy resistant ER+ breast cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2309693. [PMID: 38330990 PMCID: PMC10857653 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2309693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ER+ breast cancers (BC) are characterized by the elevated expression and signaling of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), which renders them sensitive to anti-endocrine therapy. While these therapies are clinically effective, prolonged treatment inevitably results in therapeutic resistance, which can occur through the emergence of gain-of-function mutations in ESR1. The central importance of ESR1 and development of mutated forms of ESR1 suggest that vaccines targeting these proteins could potentially be effective in preventing or treating endocrine resistance. To explore the potential of this approach, we developed several recombinant vaccines encoding different mutant forms of ESR1 (ESR1mut) and validated their ability to elicit ESR1-specific T cell responses. We then developed novel ESR1mut-expressing murine mammary cancer models to test the anti-tumor potential of ESR1mut vaccines. We found that these vaccines could suppress tumor growth, ESR1mut expression and estrogen signaling in vivo. To illustrate the applicability of these findings, we utilize HPLC to demonstrate the presentation of ESR1 and ESR1mut peptides on human ER+ BC cell MHC complexes. We then show the presence of human T cells reactive to ESR1mut epitopes in an ER+ BC patient. These findings support the development of ESR1mut vaccines, which we are testing in a Phase I clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle P. Dailey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Gangjun Lei
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiao-Yi Yang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cong-Xiao Liu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melissa Gajda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amy C. Hobeika
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Summers
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert D. Marek
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Herbert K. Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Erika J. Crosby
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary C. Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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2
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Nicotra R, Lutz C, Messal HA, Jonkers J. Rat Models of Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2024; 29:12. [PMID: 38913216 PMCID: PMC11196369 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-024-09566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of breast cancer among women worldwide, accounting for 70-80% of all invasive cases. Patients with HR+ BC are commonly treated with endocrine therapy, but intrinsic or acquired resistance is a frequent problem, making HR+ BC a focal point of intense research. Despite this, the malignancy still lacks adequate in vitro and in vivo models for the study of its initiation and progression as well as response and resistance to endocrine therapy. No mouse models that fully mimic the human disease are available, however rat mammary tumor models pose a promising alternative to overcome this limitation. Compared to mice, rats are more similar to humans in terms of mammary gland architecture, ductal origin of neoplastic lesions and hormone dependency status. Moreover, rats can develop spontaneous or induced mammary tumors that resemble human HR+ BC. To date, six different types of rat models of HR+ BC have been established. These include the spontaneous, carcinogen-induced, transplantation, hormone-induced, radiation-induced and genetically engineered rat mammary tumor models. Each model has distinct advantages, disadvantages and utility for studying HR+ BC. This review provides a comprehensive overview of all published models to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Nicotra
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Catrin Lutz
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Hendrik A Messal
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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3
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Wang L, Maharjan CK, Borcherding N, Master RP, Mo J, Tithi TI, Kim MC, Carelock ME, Master AP, Gibson-Corley KN, Kolb RH, Smith KA, Zhang W. Epithelial IL-2 is critical for NK cell-mediated cancer immunosurveillance in mammary glands. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.25.591178. [PMID: 38712046 PMCID: PMC11071474 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.591178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is the first identified cytokine and its interaction with receptors has been known to shape the immune responses in many lymphoid or non-lymphoid tissues for more than four decades. Active T cells are the primary cellular source for IL-2 production and epithelial cells have never been considered the major cellular source of IL-2 under physiological conditions. It is, however, tempting to speculate that epithelial cells could potentially express IL-2 that regulates the intricate interactions between epithelial cells and lymphocytes. Datamining our recently published single-cell RNAseq in the mouse mammary gland identified IL-2 expression in mammary epithelial cells, which is induced by prolactin via the STAT5 signaling pathway. Furthermore, epithelial IL-2 plays a crucial role in maintaining the physiological functions of natural killer (NK) cells within the mammary glands. IL-2 deletion in the mammary epithelial cells leads to a significant reduction in the number and function of NK cells, which in turn results in defective immunosurveillance, expansion of luminal epithelial cells, and tumor development. Interestingly, T cells in the mammary glands are not changed, indicating the specific regulation of NK cells by epithelial IL-2 production. In agreement, we also found that human epithelial cells express IL-2 and NK cells express the highest level of IL2RB among all the immune cells. Here, we provide the first evidence that epithelial cells produce IL-2, which is critical for maintaining the physiological functions of NK cells in immunosurveillance.
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4
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Lim L, Hu MH, Fan D, Tu HF, Tsai YC, Cheng M, Wang S, Chang CL, Wu TC, Hung CF. STAT1-Deficient HPV E6/E7-Associated Cancers Maintain Host Immunocompetency against Therapeutic Intervention. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:430. [PMID: 38675812 PMCID: PMC11053987 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a global health concern because it contributes to the initiation of various HPV-associated cancers such as anal, cervical, oropharyngeal, penile, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. In HPV-associated cancers, oncogenesis begins with an HPV infection, which is linked to the activation of the Janus protein tyrosine kinase (JAK)/STAT signaling pathway. Various STAT signaling pathways, such as STAT3 activation, have been well documented for their tumorigenic role, yet the role of STAT1 in tumor formation remains unclear. In the current study, STAT1-/- mice were used to investigate the role of STAT1 in the tumorigenesis of a spontaneous HPV E6/E7-expressing oral tumor model. Subsequently, our candidate HPV DNA vaccine CRT/E7 was administered to determine whether the STAT1-/- host preserves a therapeutic-responsive tumor microenvironment. The results indicated that STAT1-/- induces robust tumorigenesis, yet a controlled tumor response was attained upon CRT/E7 vaccination. Characterizing this treatment effect, immunological analysis found a higher percentage of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. In addition, a reduction in exhaustive lymphocyte activity was observed. Further analysis of a whole-cell tumor challenge affirmed these findings, as spontaneous tumor growth was more rapid in STAT1-/- mice. In conclusion, STAT1 deletion accelerates tumorigenesis, but STAT1-/- mice maintains immunocompetency in CRT/E7 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lim
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Hung Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Darrell Fan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Ya-Chea Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Michelle Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Suyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Chih-Long Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan;
| | - Tzyy-Choou Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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5
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Bu W, Li Y. Advances in Immunocompetent Mouse and Rat Models. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041328. [PMID: 37217281 PMCID: PMC10810718 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rodent models of breast cancer have played critical roles in our understanding of breast cancer development and progression as well as preclinical testing of cancer prevention and therapeutics. In this article, we first review the values and challenges of conventional genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models and newer iterations of these models, especially those with inducible or conditional regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Then, we discuss nongermline (somatic) GEM models of breast cancer with temporospatial control, made possible by intraductal injection of viral vectors to deliver oncogenes or to manipulate the genome of mammary epithelial cells. Next, we introduce the latest development in precision editing of endogenous genes using in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We conclude with the recent development in generating somatic rat models for modeling estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, something that has been difficult to accomplish in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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6
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Dong L, Wei X, Yu L, Li Y, Chen L. Inhibition of SIRT7 promotes STAT1 activation and STAT1-dependent signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Signal 2024; 114:111005. [PMID: 38070755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) plays a crucial role in regulating tumor progression. However, the mechanisms governing its phosphorylation and biological functions remain incompletely understood. Here, we present compelling evidence indicating that knockdown of SIRT7 inhibits Smurf1-induced ubiquitination of STAT1, consequently impeding the proteasome pathway degradation of STAT1. This inhibition leads to increased stability of STAT1 and enhanced binding to JAK1. Importantly, SIRT7 exerts a negative regulatory effect on STAT1 activation and IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Etoposide treatment not only facilitates STAT1 activation but also downregulates SIRT7 expression. Notably, knockdown of STAT1 in SIRT7-deficient cells attenuates the increase in cell apoptosis induced by Etoposide treatment. In conclusion, our data shed light on the intricate interplay between ubiquitination, STAT1, SIRT7, and Smurf1, elucidating their impact on STAT1-related signaling. These insights contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in STAT1 regulation and suggest potential avenues for the development of targeted therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Dong
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xufu Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixue Chen
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Sun Y, Chen S, Lu Y, Xu Z, Fu W, Yan W. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of tumor microenvironment and molecular reprograming landscape of metastatic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Commun Biol 2024; 7:63. [PMID: 38191598 PMCID: PMC10774275 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a malignant tumor with a high probability of metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. To gain insights into the TME of LSCC, we conducted single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) on samples collected from LSCC patients with or without lymphatic metastasis. The stem and immune cell signatures in LSCC suggest their roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. Infiltration of a large number of regulatory T cells, dysplastic plasma cells, and macrophages that are at the early development stage in the cancerous tissue indicates an immunosuppressive state. Abundant neutrophils detected at the cancer margins reflect the inflammatory microenvironment. In addition to dynamic ligand-receptor interactions between the stromal and myeloid cells, the enhanced autophagy in endothelial cells and fibroblasts implies a role in nutrient supply. Taken together, the comprehensive atlas of LSCC obtained allowed us to identify a complex yet unique TME of LSCC, which may help identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yongping Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zhenming Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang City, Shenyang, 110031, China.
| | - Weineng Fu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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8
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Cao LB, Ruan ZL, Yang YL, Zhang NC, Gao C, Cai C, Zhang J, Hu MM, Shu HB. Estrogen receptor α-mediated signaling inhibits type I interferon response to promote breast carcinogenesis. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad047. [PMID: 37442610 PMCID: PMC11066933 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is an important driver and therapeutic target in ∼70% of breast cancers. How ERα drives breast carcinogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we show that ERα is a negative regulator of type I interferon (IFN) response. Activation of ERα by its natural ligand estradiol inhibits IFN-β-induced transcription of downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), whereas ERα deficiency or the stimulation with its antagonist fulvestrant has opposite effects. Mechanistically, ERα induces the expression of the histone 2A variant H2A.Z to restrict the engagement of the IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex to the promoters of ISGs and also interacts with STAT2 to disrupt the assembly of the ISGF3 complex. These two events mutually lead to the inhibition of ISG transcription induced by type I IFNs. In a xenograft mouse model, fulvestrant enhances the ability of IFN-β to suppress ERα+ breast tumor growth. Consistently, clinical data analysis reveals that ERα+ breast cancer patients with higher levels of ISGs exhibit higher long-term survival rates. Taken together, our findings suggest that ERα inhibits type I IFN response via two distinct mechanisms to promote breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zi-Lun Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Lin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nian-Chao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chuan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheguo Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ming-Ming Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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9
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Holicek P, Guilbaud E, Klapp V, Truxova I, Spisek R, Galluzzi L, Fucikova J. Type I interferon and cancer. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:115-127. [PMID: 37667466 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) is a class of proinflammatory cytokines with a dual role on malignant transformation, tumor progression, and response to therapy. On the one hand, robust, acute, and resolving type I IFN responses have been shown to mediate prominent anticancer effects, reflecting not only their direct cytostatic/cytotoxic activity on (at least some) malignant cells, but also their pronounced immunostimulatory functions. In line with this notion, type I IFN signaling has been implicated in the antineoplastic effects of various immunogenic therapeutics, including (but not limited to) immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). On the other hand, weak, indolent, and non-resolving type I IFN responses have been demonstrated to support tumor progression and resistance to therapy, reflecting the ability of suboptimal type I IFN signaling to mediate cytoprotective activity, promote stemness, favor tolerance to chromosomal instability, and facilitate the establishment of an immunologically exhausted tumor microenvironment. Here, we review fundamental aspects of type I IFN signaling and their context-dependent impact on malignant transformation, tumor progression, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Holicek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emma Guilbaud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vanessa Klapp
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Singh T, Bhattacharya M, Mavi AK, Gulati A, Rakesh, Sharma NK, Gaur S, Kumar U. Immunogenicity of cancer cells: An overview. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110952. [PMID: 38084844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The immune system assumes a pivotal role in the organism's capacity to discern and obliterate malignant cells. The immunogenicity of a cancer cell pertains to its proficiency in inciting an immunological response. The prowess of immunogenicity stands as a pivotal determinant in the triumph of formulating immunotherapeutic methodologies. Immunotherapeutic strategies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and on vaccines. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) epitomizes a form of cellular demise that incites an immune response against dying cells. ICD is characterized by the liberation of distinct specific molecules that activate the immune system, thereby leading to the identification and elimination of dying cells by immunocytes. One of the salient characteristics inherent to the ICD phenomenon resides in the vigorous liberation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by cellular entities dedicated to embarking upon the process of programmed cell death, yet refraining from complete apoptotic demise. ICD is initiated by a sequence of molecular events that occur during cell death. These occurrences encompass the unveiling or discharge of molecules such as calreticulin, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from dying cells. These molecules act as "eat me" signals, which are recognized by immune cells, thereby prompting the engulfment and deterioration of expiring cells by phagocytes including various pathways such as Necroptosis, Apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Here, we review our current understanding of the pathophysiological importance of the immune responses against dying cells and the mechanisms underlying their activation. Overall, the ICD represents an important mechanism by which the immune system recognizes and eliminates dying cells, including cancer cells. Understanding the molecular events that underlie ICD bears the potential to engender innovative cancer therapeutics that harness the power of the immune system to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Madhuri Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mavi
- Department of Botany, Sri Aurobindo College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Anita Gulati
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110078, India
| | - Rakesh
- Janki Devi Memorial College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110060, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sonal Gaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Umesh Kumar
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), NH9, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201015, India.
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11
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McGuinness CF, Black MA, Dunbier AK. Restriction site associated DNA sequencing for tumour mutation burden estimation and mutation signature analysis. Cancer Med 2023; 12:21545-21560. [PMID: 37974533 PMCID: PMC10726921 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide measures of genetic disruption such as tumour mutation burden (TMB) and mutation signatures are emerging as useful biomarkers to stratify patients for treatment. Clinicians commonly use cancer gene panels for tumour mutation burden estimation, and whole genome sequencing is the gold standard for mutation signature analysis. However, the accuracy and cost associated with these assays limits their utility at scale. METHODS WGS data from 560 breast cancer patients was used for in silico library simulations to evaluate the accuracy of an FDA approved cancer gene panel as well as restriction enzyme associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) libraries for TMB estimation and mutation signature analysis. We also transfected a mouse mammary cell line with APOBEC enzymes and sequenced resulting clones to evaluate the efficacy of RADseq in an experimental setting. RESULTS RADseq had improved accuracy of TMB estimation and derivation of mutation profiles when compared to the FDA approved cancer panel. Using simulated immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) trials, we show that inaccurate TMB estimation leads to a reduction in power for deriving an optimal TMB cutoff to stratify patients for immune checkpoint blockade treatment. Additionally, prioritisation of APOBEC hypermutated tumours in these trials optimises TMB cutoff determination for breast cancer. The utility of RADseq in an experimental setting was also demonstrated, based on characterisation of an APOBEC mutation signature in an APOBEC3A transfected mouse cell line. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our work demonstrates that RADseq has the potential to be used as a cost-effective, accurate solution for TMB estimation and mutation signature analysis by both clinicians and basic researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor F. McGuinness
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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12
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Dong X, Lin C, Lin X, Zeng C, Zeng L, Wei Z, Zeng X, Yao J. Lactate inhibits interferon-α response in ovarian cancer by inducing STAT1 ubiquitin degradation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111099. [PMID: 38149570 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of lactate, produced by lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), as an important regulator of the immune response in tumor development has garnered attention in recent research. But, many questions still need to be clarified regarding the relationship between lactate and anti-tumor immunity. Here, we reported that both exogenous and endogenous lactate reduced the protein level and activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1) in ovarian cancer cells. As a consequence, the expression of IFNα-STAT1 regulated genes was weakened. This, in turn, weakened the antitumor effect of IFNα by impeding NKT and CD8+T cells recruitment. Strikingly, we found that LDHA knockdown did not result in the downregulation of STAT1 mRNA level in ovarian cancer cells. Instead, we observed that lactate triggered the degradation of STAT1 through the proteasomal pathway. Notably, we identified that lactate reduced the stability of STAT1 by promoting the expression of F-box only protein 40 (Fbxo40). This protein interacts with STAT1 and potentially acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to the induction of STAT1 polyubiquitination and degradation. Importantly, ectopic over-expression of the Fbxo40 gene significantly inhibited the expression of ISGs in LDHA knockdown cells. In the TCGA tumor data, we observed that high expression of Fbxo40 negatively correlates with overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. Collectively, our findings reveal lactate as a negative regulator of the IFNα-STAT1 signaling axis in ovarian cancer. This discovery suggests that strategies aimed at targeting lactate for ovarian cancer prevention and treatment should consider the impact on the IFNα-STAT1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuai Dong
- Central Laboratory of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Can Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Central Laboratory of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Zeng
- Central Laboratory of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Liming Zeng
- Central Laboratory of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Zibo Wei
- Central Laboratory of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaokang Zeng
- Central Laboratory of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan 528300, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Song X, Wang M, Liu S, Liu H, Jiang A, Zou Y, Deng Y, Qin Q, Song Y, Zheng Y. A sequential scheme including PTT and 2'3'-cGAMP/CQ-LP reveals the antitumor immune function of PTT through the type I interferon pathway. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106939. [PMID: 37758101 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising antitumor treatment that is easy to implement, minimally invasive, and precisely controllable, and evokes strong antitumor immunity. We believe that a thorough elucidation of its underlying antitumor immune mechanisms would contribute to the rational design of combination treatments with other antitumor strategies and consequently potentiate clinical use. In this study, PTT using indocyanine green (ICG) induced STING-dependent type I interferon (IFN) production in macrophages (RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs)), as proven by the use of a STING inhibitor (C178), and triggered STING-independent type I IFN generation in tumor cells (CT26 and 4T1), which was inhibited by DNase pretreatment. A novel liposome coloaded with the STING agonist 2'3'-cGAMP (cGAMP) and chloroquine (CQ) was constructed to achieve synergistic effect with PTT, in which CQ increased cGAMP entrapment efficiency and prevented STING degradation after IFN signaling activation. The sequential combination treatment caused a significant increase in tumor cell apoptosis, probably due to interferon stimulating gene products 15 and 54 (ISG15 and ISG 54), and achieved a more striking antitumor inhibition effect in the CT26 tumor model than the 4T1 model, likely due to higher STAT1 expression and consequently more intense IFN signal transduction. In the tumor microenvironment, the combination treatment increased infiltrating CD8+T cells (4-fold) and M1-like TAMs (10-fold), and decreased M-MDSCs (over 2-fold) and M2-like TAMs (over 4-fold). Above all, in-depth exploration of the antitumor mechanism of PTT provides guidance for selecting sensitive tumor models and designing reasonable clinical schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Song
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mao Wang
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Simeng Liu
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ailing Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuchuan Deng
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiran Song
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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14
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Ortiz MMO, Andrechek ER. Molecular Characterization and Landscape of Breast cancer Models from a multi-omics Perspective. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:12. [PMID: 37269418 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is well-known to be a highly heterogenous disease. This facet of cancer makes finding a research model that mirrors the disparate intrinsic features challenging. With advances in multi-omics technologies, establishing parallels between the various models and human tumors is increasingly intricate. Here we review the various model systems and their relation to primary breast tumors using available omics data platforms. Among the research models reviewed here, breast cancer cell lines have the least resemblance to human tumors since they have accumulated many mutations and copy number alterations during their long use. Moreover, individual proteomic and metabolomic profiles do not overlap with the molecular landscape of breast cancer. Interestingly, omics analysis revealed that the initial subtype classification of some breast cancer cell lines was inappropriate. In cell lines the major subtypes are all well represented and share some features with primary tumors. In contrast, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and patient-derived organoids (PDO) are superior in mirroring human breast cancers at many levels, making them suitable models for drug screening and molecular analysis. While patient derived organoids are spread across luminal, basal- and normal-like subtypes, the PDX samples were initially largely basal but other subtypes have been increasingly described. Murine models offer heterogenous tumor landscapes, inter and intra-model heterogeneity, and give rise to tumors of different phenotypes and histology. Murine models have a reduced mutational burden compared to human breast cancer but share some transcriptomic resemblance, and representation of many breast cancer subtypes can be found among the variety subtypes. To date, while mammospheres and three- dimensional cultures lack comprehensive omics data, these are excellent models for the study of stem cells, cell fate decision and differentiation, and have also been used for drug screening. Therefore, this review explores the molecular landscapes and characterization of breast cancer research models by comparing recent published multi-omics data and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylena M O Ortiz
- Genetics and Genomics Science Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2194 BPS Building 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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15
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Lambouras M, Roelofs C, Pereira M, Gruber E, Vieusseux JL, Lanteri P, Johnstone CN, Muntz F, O’Toole S, Ooms LM, Mitchell CA, Anderson RL, Britt KL. Functional and Phenotypic Characterisations of Common Syngeneic Tumour Cell Lines as Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065666. [PMID: 36982737 PMCID: PMC10053941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers (ER+ BCas) are the most common form of BCa and are increasing in incidence, largely due to changes in reproductive practices in recent decades. Tamoxifen is prescribed as a component of standard-of-care endocrine therapy for the treatment and prevention of ER+ BCa. However, it is poorly tolerated, leading to low uptake of the drug in the preventative setting. Alternative therapies and preventatives for ER+ BCa are needed but development is hampered due to a paucity of syngeneic ER+ preclinical mouse models that allow pre-clinical experimentation in immunocompetent mice. Two ER-positive models, J110 and SSM3, have been reported in addition to other tumour models occasionally shown to express ER (for example 4T1.2, 67NR, EO771, D2.0R and D2A1). Here, we have assessed ER expression and protein levels in seven mouse mammary tumour cell lines and their corresponding tumours, in addition to their cellular composition, tamoxifen sensitivity and molecular phenotype. By immunohistochemical assessment, SSM3 and, to a lesser extent, 67NR cells are ER+. Using flow cytometry and transcript expression we show that SSM3 cells are luminal in nature, whilst D2.0R and J110 cells are stromal/basal. The remainder are also stromal/basal in nature; displaying a stromal or basal Epcam/CD49f FACS phenotype and stromal and basal gene expression signatures are overrepresented in their transcript profile. Consistent with a luminal identity for SSM3 cells, they also show sensitivity to tamoxifen in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the data indicate that the SSM3 syngeneic cell line is the only definitively ER+ mouse mammary tumour cell line widely available for pre-clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lambouras
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Charlotte Roelofs
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Melrine Pereira
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Emily Gruber
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jessica L. Vieusseux
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick Lanteri
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Cameron N. Johnstone
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Fenella Muntz
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sandra O’Toole
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Australian Clinical Labs, Sydney, NSW 2153, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Ooms
- Cancer Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christina A. Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Robin L. Anderson
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Kara L. Britt
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-38599-7110
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16
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Furth PA, Wang W, Kang K, Rooney BL, Keegan G, Muralidaran V, Zou X, Flaws JA. Esr1 but Not CYP19A1 Overexpression in Mammary Epithelial Cells during Reproductive Senescence Induces Pregnancy-Like Proliferative Mammary Disease Responsive to Anti-Hormonals. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:84-102. [PMID: 36464512 PMCID: PMC9768685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Molecular-level analyses of breast carcinogenesis benefit from vivo disease models. Estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1) and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1) overexpression targeted to mammary epithelial cells in genetically engineered mouse models induces largely similar rates of proliferative mammary disease in prereproductive senescent mice. Herein, with natural reproductive senescence, Esr1 overexpression compared with CYP19A1 overexpression resulted in significantly higher rates of preneoplasia and cancer. Before reproductive senescence, Esr1, but not CYP19A1, overexpressing mice are tamoxifen resistant. However, during reproductive senescence, Esr1 mice exhibited responsiveness. Both Esr1 and CYP19A1 are responsive to letrozole before and after reproductive senescence. Gene Set Enrichment Analyses of RNA-sequencing data sets showed that higher disease rates in Esr1 mice were accompanied by significantly higher expression of cell proliferation genes, including members of prognostic platforms for women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive disease. Tamoxifen and letrozole exposure induced down-regulation of these genes and resolved differences between the two models. Both Esr1 and CYP19A1 overexpression induced abnormal developmental patterns of pregnancy-like gene expression. This resolved with progression through reproductive senescence in CYP19A1 mice, but was more persistent in Esr1 mice, resolving only with tamoxifen and letrozole exposure. In summary, genetically engineered mouse models of Esr1 and CYP19A1 overexpression revealed a diversion of disease processes resulting from the two distinct molecular pathophysiological mammary gland-targeted intrusions into estrogen signaling during reproductive senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla A Furth
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Weisheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Brendan L Rooney
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Grace Keegan
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Vinona Muralidaran
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Xiaojun Zou
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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17
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Zhou B, Basu J, Kazmi HR, Chitrala KN, Mo X, Preston-Alp S, Cai KQ, Kappes D, Zaidi MR. Interferon-gamma signaling promotes melanoma progression and metastasis. Oncogene 2023; 42:351-363. [PMID: 36463370 PMCID: PMC9991867 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFNG) has long been regarded as the flag-bearer for the anti-cancer immunosurveillance mechanisms. However, relatively recent studies have suggested a dual role of IFNG, albeit there is no direct experimental evidence for its potential pro-tumor functions. Here we provide in vivo evidence that treatment of mouse melanoma cell lines with Ifng enhances their tumorigenicity and metastasis in lung colonization allograft assays performed in immunocompetent syngeneic host mice, but not in immunocompromised host mice. We also show that this enhancement is dependent on downstream signaling via Stat1 but not Stat3, suggesting an oncogenic function of Stat1 in melanoma. The experimental results suggest that melanoma cell-specific Ifng signaling modulates the tumor microenvironment and its pro-tumorigenic effects are partially dependent on the γδ T cells, as Ifng-enhanced tumorigenesis was inhibited in the TCR-δ knockout mice. Overall, these results show that Ifng signaling may have tumor-promoting effects in melanoma by modulating the immune cell composition of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,MEI Pharma, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jayati Basu
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hasan Raza Kazmi
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuan Mo
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Preston-Alp
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - M Raza Zaidi
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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18
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Ke CH, Chiu YH, Huang KC, Lin CS. Exposure of Immunogenic Tumor Antigens in Surrendered Immunity and the Significance of Autologous Tumor Cell-Based Vaccination in Precision Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010147. [PMID: 36613591 PMCID: PMC9820296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which immune systems identify and destroy tumors, known as immunosurveillance, have been discussed for decades. However, several factors that lead to tumor persistence and escape from the attack of immune cells in a normal immune system have been found. In the process known as immunoediting, tumors decrease their immunogenicity and evade immunosurveillance. Furthermore, tumors exploit factors such as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressive cells, and inhibitory cytokines that avoid cytotoxic T cell (CTL) recognition. Current immunotherapies targeting tumors and their surroundings have been proposed. One such immunotherapy is autologous cancer vaccines (ACVs), which are characterized by enriched tumor antigens that can escalate specific CTL responses. Unfortunately, ACVs usually fail to activate desirable therapeutic effects, and the low immunogenicity of ACVs still needs to be elucidated. This difficulty highlights the significance of immunogenic antigens in antitumor therapies. Previous studies have shown that defective host immunity triggers tumor development by reprogramming tumor antigenic expressions. This phenomenon sheds new light on ACVs and provides a potential cue to improve the effectiveness of ACVs. Furthermore, synergistically with the ACV treatment, combinational therapy, which can reverse the suppressive tumor microenvironments, has also been widely proposed. Thus, in this review, we focus on tumor immunogenicity sculpted by the immune systems and discuss the significance and application of restructuring tumor antigens in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hsu Ke
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei 111002, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Holistic Education Center, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-233-661-286
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19
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Tower H, Dall G, Davey A, Stewart M, Lanteri P, Ruppert M, Lambouras M, Nasir I, Yeow S, Darcy PK, Ingman WV, Parker B, Haynes NM, Britt KL. Estrogen-induced immune changes within the normal mammary gland. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18986. [PMID: 36347875 PMCID: PMC9643548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) incidence increases following aberrant hormone exposure, which has been linked to direct effects on estrogen receptor (ER)+ mammary epithelium. While estrogen exposure during mammary involution has been shown to drive tumour growth via neutrophils, the potential for the ER + immune microenvironment to mediate part (in addition to mammary epithelial cells) of hormonally controlled BCa risk during normal development has not been assessed. We collected mammary tissue, lymph nodes and blood from tumour naïve mice treated with, oophorectomy, estrogen (17β estradiol) or Fulvestrant. Flow cytometry was used to examine the impact on the frequency of innate and adaptive immune cells. Oophorectomy and fulvestrant decreased the proportion of macrophages, particularly pro-tumour polarized M2 macrophages and neutrophils. Conversely, dendritic cells were increased by these therapies, as were eosinophils. Estrogen increased the proportion of M2 macrophages and to a lesser extent CD4-CD8- double negative and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells but decreased CD8 + T cells and B cells. Excluding eosinophils, these changes were restricted to the mammary tissue. This suggests that inhibiting estrogen action lowers the immune suppressive myeloid cells, increases in antigen presentation and eosinophil-mediated direct or indirect cytotoxic effects. In contrast, estrogen exposure, which drives BCa risk, increases the suppressive myeloid cells and reduces anti-tumour cytotoxic T cells. The impact of hormonal exposure on BCa risk, may in part be linked to its immune modulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tower
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Genevieve Dall
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Ashleigh Davey
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 5052 Australia
| | - Melanie Stewart
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Patrick Lanteri
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Meagan Ruppert
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Maria Lambouras
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University Clayton, Wellington Rd, Clayton, 3800 Australia
| | - Ibraheem Nasir
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Serene Yeow
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Phillip K. Darcy
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wendy V. Ingman
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5011 Australia ,grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Belinda Parker
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Cancer Evolution and Metastasis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Nicole M. Haynes
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Kara L. Britt
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University Clayton, Wellington Rd, Clayton, 3800 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC Australia
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Wong GL, Manore SG, Doheny DL, Lo HW. STAT family of transcription factors in breast cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:84-106. [PMID: 35995341 PMCID: PMC9714692 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second-leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) promote metastasis and therapeutic resistance contributing to tumor relapse. Through activating genes important for BCSCs, transcription factors contribute to breast cancer metastasis and therapeutic resistance, including the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors. The STAT family consists of six major isoforms, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, and STAT6. Canonical STAT signaling is activated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell-surface receptor followed by STAT phosphorylation, leading to STAT nuclear translocation and transactivation of target genes. It is important to note that STAT transcription factors exhibit diverse effects in breast cancer; some are either pro- or anti-tumorigenic while others maintain dual, context-dependent roles. Among the STAT transcription factors, STAT3 is the most widely studied STAT protein in breast cancer for its critical roles in promoting BCSCs, breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion. Consequently, there have been substantial efforts in developing cancer therapeutics to target breast cancer with dysregulated STAT3 signaling. In this comprehensive review, we will summarize the diverse roles that each STAT family member plays in breast cancer pathobiology, as well as, the opportunities and challenges in pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators in the context of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara G Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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21
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Mechanisms of Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR +) Breast Cancer: Spotlight on Convergent CDK6 Upregulation and Immune Signaling. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-022-00461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Zhou M, Zhang P, Da M, Yang R, Ma Y, Zhao J, Ma T, Xia J, Shen G, Chen Y, Chen D. A pan-cancer analysis of the expression of STAT family genes in tumors and their relationship to the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:925537. [PMID: 36176415 PMCID: PMC9513395 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein family, a group of seven members (STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5A, STAT5B, and STAT6), has been widely used to investigate numerous biological functions including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune regulation. However, not much is known about the role of the STAT family genes in pan-cancer.MethodsTumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Sangerbox, cBioPortal, GSCALite, Xena Shiny, GeneMANIA, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and Metascape were used to analyze the relationship between STAT gene expression, clinical outcome, gene variation, methylation status, pathway activity, tumor immune infiltration, and microenvironment in different cancer types and screened drugs that could potentially influence STATs.ResultsThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pan-cancer data showed that most STAT family genes were extensively changed in most tumors compared to the adjacent normal tissues. We also found that STAT gene expression could be used to predict patient survival in various cancers. The STAT gene family formed a network of interaction networks that was associated with several pathways. By mining the of Genomics Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database, we discovered a number of potential drugs that might target STAT regulators. Importantly, the close correlation between STATs and immunocell infiltration suggested the important role of dysregulation of STATs in tumor immune escape. Finally, the relation between STAT gene expression and the tumor microenvironment (TME) indicated that the higher expression of STAT regulators, the higher the degree of tumor stem cells.ConclusionConsidering these genomic alterations and clinical features of STAT family members across cancer types, it will be possible to change the relationship between STATs and tumorigenesis. It was beneficial to treat cancer by targeting these STAT regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengting Da
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yulian Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haidong No.2 People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Haidong, China
| | - Jiuda Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guoshuang Shen
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Chen, ; Guoshuang Shen, ; Daozhen Chen,
| | - Yu Chen
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Chen, ; Guoshuang Shen, ; Daozhen Chen,
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haidong No.2 People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Haidong, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Chen, ; Guoshuang Shen, ; Daozhen Chen,
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23
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Hunt EN, Kopacz JP, Vestal DJ. Unraveling the Role of Guanylate-Binding Proteins (GBPs) in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Literature Review and New Data on Prognosis in Breast Cancer Subtypes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112794. [PMID: 35681772 PMCID: PMC9179834 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
At least one member of the Guanylate-Binding Protein (GBP) family of large interferon-induced GTPases has been classified as both a marker of good prognosis and as a potential drug target to treat breast cancers. However, the activity of individual GBPs appears to not just be tumor cell type–specific but dependent on the growth factor and/or cytokine environment in which the tumor cells reside. To clarify what we do and do not know about GBPs in breast cancer, the current literature on GBP-1, GBP-2, and GBP-5 in breast cancer has been assembled. In addition, we have analyzed the role of each of these GBPs in predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and distance metastasis-free survival (DMFS) as single gene products in different subtypes of breast cancers. When a large cohort of breast cancers of all types and stages were examined, GBP-1 correlated with poor RFS. However, it was the only GBP to do so. When smaller cohorts of breast cancer subtypes grouped into ER+, ER+/Her2-, and HER2+ tumors were analyzed, none of the GBPs influenced RFS, OS, or DMSF as single agents. The exception is GBP-5, which correlated with improved RFS in Her2+ breast cancers. All three GBPs individually predicted improved RFS, OS, and DMSF in ER- breast cancers, regardless of the PR or HER2 status, and TNBCs.
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Gil Del Alcazar CR, Trinh A, Alečković M, Rojas Jimenez E, Harper NW, Oliphant MU, Xie S, Krop ED, Lulseged B, Murphy KC, Keenan TE, Van Allen EM, Tolaney SM, Freeman GJ, Dillon DA, Muthuswamy SK, Polyak K. Insights into Immune Escape During Tumor Evolution and Response to Immunotherapy Using a Rat Model of Breast Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:680-697. [PMID: 35446942 PMCID: PMC9177779 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are critical for the preclinical validation of cancer immunotherapies. Unfortunately, mouse breast cancer models do not faithfully reproduce the molecular subtypes and immune environment of the human disease. In particular, there are no good murine models of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, the predominant subtype in patients. Here, we show that Nitroso-N-methylurea-induced mammary tumors in outbred Sprague-Dawley rats recapitulate the heterogeneity for mutational profiles, ER expression, and immune evasive mechanisms observed in human breast cancer. We demonstrate the utility of this model for preclinical studies by dissecting mechanisms of response to immunotherapy using combination TGFBR inhibition and PD-L1 blockade. Short-term treatment of early-stage tumors induced durable responses. Gene expression profiling and spatial mapping classified tumors as inflammatory and noninflammatory, and identified IFNγ, T-cell receptor (TCR), and B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, CD74/MHC II, and epithelium-interacting CD8+ T cells as markers of response, whereas the complement system, M2 macrophage phenotype, and translation in mitochondria were associated with resistance. We found that the expression of CD74 correlated with leukocyte fraction and TCR diversity in human breast cancer. We identified a subset of rat ER+ tumors marked by expression of antigen-processing genes that had an active immune environment and responded to treatment. A gene signature characteristic of these tumors predicted disease-free survival in patients with ER+ Luminal A breast cancer and overall survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving anti-PD-L1 therapy. We demonstrate the usefulness of this preclinical model for immunotherapy and suggest examination to expand immunotherapy to a subset of patients with ER+ disease. See related Spotlight by Roussos Torres, p. 672.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R. Gil Del Alcazar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne Trinh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maša Alečković
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ernesto Rojas Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas W. Harper
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael U.J. Oliphant
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ethan D. Krop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bethlehem Lulseged
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine C. Murphy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tanya E. Keenan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eliezer M. Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sara M. Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah A. Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Senthil K. Muthuswamy
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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25
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Wilson GM, Dinh P, Pathmanathan N, Graham JD. Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: Molecular Changes Accompanying Disease Progression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2022; 27:101-131. [PMID: 35567670 PMCID: PMC9135892 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-022-09517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), whereby if left untreated, approximately 12% of patients develop invasive disease. The current standard of care is surgical removal of the lesion, to prevent potential progression, and radiotherapy to reduce risk of recurrence. There is substantial overtreatment of DCIS patients, considering not all DCIS lesions progress to invasive disease. Hence, there is a critical imperative to better predict which DCIS lesions are destined for poor outcome and which are not, allowing for tailored treatment. Active surveillance is currently being trialed as an alternative management practice, but this approach relies on accurately identifying cases that are at low risk of progression to invasive disease. Two DCIS-specific genomic profiling assays that attempt to distinguish low and high-risk patients have emerged, but imperfections in risk stratification coupled with a high price tag warrant the continued search for more robust and accessible prognostic biomarkers. This search has largely turned researchers toward the tumor microenvironment. Recent evidence suggests that a spectrum of cell types within the DCIS microenvironment are genetically and phenotypically altered compared to normal tissue and play critical roles in disease progression. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms contributing to DCIS progression has provided optimism for the search for well-validated prognostic biomarkers that can accurately predict the risk for a patient developing IDC. The discovery of such markers would modernize DCIS management and allow tailored treatment plans. This review will summarize the current literature regarding DCIS diagnosis, treatment, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Phuong Dinh
- Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Nirmala Pathmanathan
- Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - J Dinny Graham
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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26
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Goh PK, Wiede F, Zeissig MN, Britt KL, Liang S, Molloy T, Goode N, Xu R, Loi S, Muller M, Humbert PO, McLean C, Tiganis T. PTPN2 elicits cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous effects on antitumor immunity in triple-negative breast cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk3338. [PMID: 35196085 PMCID: PMC8865802 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor PTPN2 is diminished in a subset of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Paradoxically, PTPN2-deficiency in tumors or T cells in mice can facilitate T cell recruitment and/or activation to promote antitumor immunity. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of targeting PTPN2 in tumor cells and T cells. PTPN2-deficiency in TNBC associated with T cell infiltrates and PD-L1 expression, whereas low PTPN2 associated with improved survival. PTPN2 deletion in murine mammary epithelial cells TNBC models, did not promote tumorigenicity but increased STAT-1-dependent T cell recruitment and PD-L1 expression to repress tumor growth and enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1. Furthermore, the combined deletion of PTPN2 in tumors and T cells facilitated T cell recruitment and activation and further repressed tumor growth or ablated tumors already predominated by exhausted T cells. Thus, PTPN2-targeting in tumors and/or T cells facilitates T cell recruitment and/or alleviates inhibitory constraints on T cells to combat TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Kee Goh
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Florian Wiede
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mara N. Zeissig
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kara L. Britt
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Shuwei Liang
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Tim Molloy
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Nathan Goode
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Rachel Xu
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Mathias Muller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
- Research Centre for Molecular Cancer Prevention, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Corresponding author.
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27
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Chen S, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wierbowski SD, Lipkin SM, Wei X, Yu H. A full-proteome, interaction-specific characterization of mutational hotspots across human cancers. Genome Res 2022; 32:135-149. [PMID: 34963661 PMCID: PMC8744679 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275437.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid accumulation of cancer genomic data has led to the identification of an increasing number of mutational hotspots with uncharacterized significance. Here we present a biologically informed computational framework that characterizes the functional relevance of all 1107 published mutational hotspots identified in approximately 25,000 tumor samples across 41 cancer types in the context of a human 3D interactome network, in which the interface of each interaction is mapped at residue resolution. Hotspots reside in network hub proteins and are enriched on protein interaction interfaces, suggesting that alteration of specific protein-protein interactions is critical for the oncogenicity of many hotspot mutations. Our framework enables, for the first time, systematic identification of specific protein interactions affected by hotspot mutations at the full proteome scale. Furthermore, by constructing a hotspot-affected network that connects all hotspot-affected interactions throughout the whole-human interactome, we uncover genome-wide relationships among hotspots and implicate novel cancer proteins that do not harbor hotspot mutations themselves. Moreover, applying our network-based framework to specific cancer types identifies clinically significant hotspots that can be used for prognosis and therapy targets. Overall, we show that our framework bridges the gap between the statistical significance of mutational hotspots and their biological and clinical significance in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Shayne D Wierbowski
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Steven M Lipkin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Xiaomu Wei
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Haiyuan Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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The Large GTPase, GBP-2, Regulates Rho Family GTPases to Inhibit Migration and Invadosome Formation in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225632. [PMID: 34830789 PMCID: PMC8616281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Too many women still die of breast cancer each year. Those breast cancers that kill are those with cells that have migrated away from the primary tumor in the breast and established new tumors at other sites in the body. These tumors are not reached when the original tumor in the breast is removed. This study was designed to determine why some breast cancers move away from their primary tumor and others do not. We have identified a protein that inhibits this movement. Understanding this finding may provide us with ways to inhibit tumor cell movement in patients. Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Despite advances in early detection and treatment, it is predicted that over 43,000 women will die of breast cancer in 2021. To lower this number, more information about the molecular players in breast cancer are needed. Guanylate-Binding Protein-2 has been correlated with better prognosis in breast cancer. In this study, we asked if the expression of GBP-2 in breast cancer merely provided a biomarker for improved prognosis or whether it actually contributed to improving outcome. To answer this, the 4T1 model of murine breast cancer was used. 4T1 cells themselves are highly aggressive and highly metastatic, while 67NR cells, isolated from the same tumor, do not leave the primary site. The expression of GBP-2 was examined in the two cell lines and found to be inversely correlated with aggressiveness/metastasis. Proliferation, migration, and invadosome formation were analyzed after altering the expression levels of GBP-2. Our experiments show that GBP-2 does not alter the proliferation of these cells but inhibits migration and invadosome formation downstream of regulation of Rho GTPases. Together these data demonstrate that GBP-2 is responsible for cell autonomous activities that make breast cancer cells less aggressive.
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Hazlett J, Niemi V, Aiderus A, Powell K, Wise L, Kemp R, Dunbier AK. Oestrogen deprivation induces chemokine production and immune cell recruitment in in vitro and in vivo models of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:95. [PMID: 34602068 PMCID: PMC8489094 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is commonly treated using endocrine therapies such as aromatase inhibitors which block synthesis of oestradiol, but the influence of this therapy on the immune composition of breast tumours has not been fully explored. Previous findings suggest that tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and immune-related gene expression may be altered by treatment with aromatase inhibitors. However, whether these changes are a direct result of impacts on the host immune system or mediated through tumour cells is not known. We aimed to investigate the effect of oestrogen deprivation on the expression of chemokines and immune infiltration in vitro and in an ER+ immunocompetent mouse model. Methods RT-qPCR and a bead-based Bioplex system were used to investigate the expression of chemokines in MCF-7 breast cancer cells deprived of oestrogen. A migration assay and flow cytometry were used to measure the migration of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to MCF-7 cells grown without the main biologically active oestrogen, oestradiol. Using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, we examined the immune cell infiltrate into tumours created by injecting SSM3 ER+ breast cancer cells into wild-type, immunocompetent 129/SvEv mice. Results This study demonstrates that oestrogen deprivation increases breast cancer secretion of TNF, CCL5, IL-6, IL-8, and CCL22 and alters total human peripheral blood mononuclear cell migration in an in vitro assay. Oestrogen deprivation of breast cancer cells increases migration of CD4+ T cells and decreases migration of CD11c+ and CD14+ PBMC towards cancer cells. PBMC migration towards breast cancer cells can be reduced by treatment with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin and celecoxib. Treatment with endocrine therapy using the aromatase inhibitor letrozole increases CD4+ T cell infiltration into ER+ breast cancer tumours in immune competent mice. Conclusions These results suggest that anti-oestrogen treatment of ER+ breast cancer cells can alter cytokine production and immune cells in the area surrounding the cancer cells. These findings may have implications for the combination and timing of anti-oestrogen therapies with other therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-021-01472-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Hazlett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Virginia Niemi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Aziz Aiderus
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katelyn Powell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lyn Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Roslyn Kemp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anita K Dunbier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Huang L, Xu W, Yan D, Shi X, You X, Xu J, You P, Ke Y, Dai L. An insertion variant of MGMT disrupts a STAT1 binding site and confers susceptibility to glioma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:506. [PMID: 34544433 PMCID: PMC8454171 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a pivotal enzyme for repairing DNA alkylation damage. Epigenetic modification of MGMT has been well known as a promising prognostic biomarker for glioma. However, the significance of genetic variations of MGMT in glioma carcinogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Methods The associations between expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) of MGMT and glioma susceptibility were evaluated in a case–control study of 1056 individuals. The function of susceptibility locus for glioma was explored with a set of biochemical assays, including luciferase reporter gene, EMSA and supershift EMSA, ChIP, and siRNA knockdown. Results We found that rs11016798 TT genotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of glioma (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.39–0.85; P = 0.006). Stratification analyses indicated that the association between rs11016798 and glioma was more pronounced in males (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.97; P = 0.035), older subjects (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.27–0.80; P = 0.006), WHO grade IV glioma (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.35–0.96; P = 0.033), and IDH wildtype glioma (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.21–0.88; P = 0.022). We characterized an insertion variant rs10659396 in the upstream of MGMT as a causative variant. The risk allele rs10659396 ins allele was demonstrated to downregulate MGMT expression by disrupting a STAT1 binding site. Knockdown of STAT1 remarkably attenuated MGMT expression. Moreover, the rs10659396 allele-specific positive correlation was observed between the expression of STAT1 and MGMT in population. Conclusions The study demonstrates that an insertion variant of MGMT rs10659396 confers susceptibility to glioma by downregulating MGMT expression through disrupting a STAT1 binding site. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02211-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, #20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China. .,Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Wenshen Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Danfang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xi Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, #20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xin You
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, #20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #363 Guobin Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Pingping You
- Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #363 Guobin Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ke
- Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #363 Guobin Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Lian Dai
- Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #363 Guobin Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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Rusidzé M, Adlanmérini M, Chantalat E, Raymond-Letron I, Cayre S, Arnal JF, Deugnier MA, Lenfant F. Estrogen receptor-α signaling in post-natal mammary development and breast cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5681-5705. [PMID: 34156490 PMCID: PMC8316234 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
17β-estradiol controls post-natal mammary gland development and exerts its effects through Estrogen Receptor ERα, a member of the nuclear receptor family. ERα is also critical for breast cancer progression and remains a central therapeutic target for hormone-dependent breast cancers. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the complex ERα signaling pathways that involve either classical nuclear “genomic” or membrane “non-genomic” actions and regulate in concert with other hormones the different stages of mammary development. We describe the cellular and molecular features of the luminal cell lineage expressing ERα and provide an overview of the transgenic mouse models impacting ERα signaling, highlighting the pivotal role of ERα in mammary gland morphogenesis and function and its implication in the tumorigenic processes. Finally, we describe the main features of the ERα-positive luminal breast cancers and their modeling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Rusidzé
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Adlanmérini
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Chantalat
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - I Raymond-Letron
- LabHPEC et Institut RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS U-5070, EFS, ENVT, Inserm U1301, Toulouse, France
| | - Surya Cayre
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Ange Deugnier
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France.
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Ji W, Peng Z, Sun B, Chen L, Zhang Q, Guo M, Su C. LpCat1 Promotes Malignant Transformation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Directly Suppressing STAT1. Front Oncol 2021; 11:678714. [PMID: 34178664 PMCID: PMC8220817 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.678714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant cancer with rapid proliferation and high metastasis ability. To explore the crucial genes that maintain the aggressive behaviors of cancer cells is very important for clinical gene therapy of HCC. LpCat1 was reported to be highly expressed and exert pro-tumorigenic effect in a variety of cancers, including HCC. However, its detailed molecular mechanism remained unclear. In this study, we confirmed that LpCat1 was up-regulated in HCC tissues and cancer cell lines. The overexpressed LpCat1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells, and accelerated cell cycle progression, while knocking down LpCat1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo, and arrested HCC cells at G0/G1 phase. Moreover, we proved for the first time that LpCat1 directly interacted with STAT1 which was generally recognized as a tumor suppressor in HCC. High levels of LpCat1 in HCC could inhibit STAT1 expression, up-regulate CyclinD1, CyclinE, CDK4 and MMP-9, and decrease p27kip1 to promote cancer progression. Conversely, down-regulation of LpCat1 would cause the opposite changes to repress the viability and motility of HCC cells. Consequently, we concluded that LpCat1 was a contributor to progression and metastasis of HCC by interacting with STAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidan Ji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Centre for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangxiao Peng
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Centre for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Centre for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Centre for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Centre for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minggao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Su
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Centre for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Zembroski AS, Andolino C, Buhman KK, Teegarden D. Proteomic Characterization of Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets in Human Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:576326. [PMID: 34141606 PMCID: PMC8204105 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.576326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristic features of metastatic breast cancer is increased cellular storage of neutral lipid in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). CLD accumulation is associated with increased cancer aggressiveness, suggesting CLDs contribute to metastasis. However, how CLDs contribute to metastasis is not clear. CLDs are composed of a neutral lipid core, a phospholipid monolayer, and associated proteins. Proteins that associate with CLDs regulate both cellular and CLD metabolism; however, the proteome of CLDs in metastatic breast cancer and how these proteins may contribute to breast cancer progression is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the proteome and assess the characteristics of CLDs in the MCF10CA1a human metastatic breast cancer cell line. Utilizing shotgun proteomics, we identified over 1500 proteins involved in a variety of cellular processes in the isolated CLD fraction. Interestingly, unlike other cell lines such as adipocytes or enterocytes, the most enriched protein categories were involved in cellular processes outside of lipid metabolism. For example, cell-cell adhesion was the most enriched category of proteins identified, and many of these proteins have been implicated in breast cancer metastasis. In addition, we characterized CLD size and area in MCF10CA1a cells using transmission electron microscopy. Our results provide a hypothesis-generating list of potential players in breast cancer progression and offers a new perspective on the role of CLDs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa S Zembroski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Chaylen Andolino
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kimberly K Buhman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Dorothy Teegarden
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Liu C, Wu P, Zhang A, Mao X. Advances in Rodent Models for Breast Cancer Formation, Progression, and Therapeutic Testing. Front Oncol 2021; 11:593337. [PMID: 33842308 PMCID: PMC8032937 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.593337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly complicated disease. Advancement in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer lies in elucidation of the mechanism of carcinogenesis and progression. Rodent models of breast cancer have developed into premier tools for investigating the mechanisms and genetic pathways in breast cancer progression and metastasis and for developing and evaluating clinical therapeutics. Every rodent model has advantages and disadvantages, and the selection of appropriate rodent models with which to investigate breast cancer is a key decision in research. Design of a suitable rodent model for a specific research purpose is based on the integration of the advantages and disadvantages of different models. Our purpose in writing this review is to elaborate on various rodent models for breast cancer formation, progression, and therapeutic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ailin Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Type I interferon activation and endothelial dysfunction in caveolin-1 insufficiency-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2010206118. [PMID: 33836561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010206118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferonopathies, interferon (IFN)-α/β therapy, and caveolin-1 (CAV1) loss-of-function have all been associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, CAV1-silenced primary human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) were proliferative and hypermigratory, with reduced cytoskeletal stress fibers. Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) were both constitutively activated in these cells, resulting in a type I IFN-biased inflammatory signature. Cav1 -/- mice that spontaneously develop pulmonary hypertension were found to have STAT1 and AKT activation in lung homogenates and increased circulating levels of CXCL10, a hallmark of IFN-mediated inflammation. PAH patients with CAV1 mutations also had elevated serum CXCL10 levels and their fibroblasts mirrored phenotypic and molecular features of CAV1-deficient PAECs. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining revealed endothelial CAV1 loss and STAT1 activation in the pulmonary arterioles of patients with idiopathic PAH, suggesting that this paradigm might not be limited to rare CAV1 frameshift mutations. While blocking JAK/STAT or AKT rescued aspects of CAV1 loss, only AKT inhibitors suppressed activation of both signaling pathways simultaneously. Silencing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) prevented STAT1 and AKT activation induced by CAV1 loss, implicating CAV1/NOS3 uncoupling and NOS3 dysregulation in the inflammatory phenotype. Exogenous IFN reduced CAV1 expression, activated STAT1 and AKT, and altered the cytoskeleton of PAECs, implicating these mechanisms in PAH associated with autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, as well as IFN therapy. CAV1 insufficiency elicits an IFN inflammatory response that results in a dysfunctional endothelial cell phenotype and targeting this pathway may reduce pathologic vascular remodeling in PAH.
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36
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Giles ED, Wellberg EA. Preclinical Models to Study Obesity and Breast Cancer in Females: Considerations, Caveats, and Tools. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:237-253. [PMID: 33146844 PMCID: PMC8197449 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for breast cancer and is associated with poor outcomes for cancer patients. A variety of rodent models have been used to investigate these relationships; however, key differences in experimental approaches, as well as unique aspects of rodent physiology lead to variability in how these valuable models are implemented. We combine expertise in the development and implementation of preclinical models of obesity and breast cancer to disseminate effective practices for studies that integrate these fields. In this review, we share, based on our experience, key considerations for model selection, highlighting important technical nuances and tips for use of preclinical models in studies that integrate obesity with breast cancer risk and progression. We describe relevant mouse and rat paradigms, specifically highlighting differences in breast tumor subtypes, estrogen production, and strategies to manipulate hormone levels. We also outline options for diet composition and housing environments to promote obesity in female rodents. While we have applied our experience to understanding obesity-associated breast cancer, the experimental variables we incorporate have relevance to multiple fields that investigate women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Giles
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Islam S, Espitia CM, Persky DO, Carew JS, Nawrocki ST. Resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitors confers hypersensitivity to oncolytic reovirus therapy. Blood Adv 2020; 4:5297-5310. [PMID: 33108458 PMCID: PMC7594386 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the promising antilymphoma activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as a drug class, resistance is a significant clinical issue. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms driving HDAC inhibitor resistance and/or the specific targets that are altered in drug-resistant cells may facilitate the development of strategies that overcome drug resistance and are more effective for refractory patients. We generated novel T-cell lymphoma (TCL) cell line models of acquired resistance to the HDAC inhibitor belinostat to identify potential effective therapies. Belinostat-resistant cells displayed significant cross-resistance to other HDAC inhibitors including romidepsin, panobinostat, and vorinostat. Consistent with a lack of sensitivity to HDAC inhibitors, the resistant cells failed to induce increased acetylated histones. Drug-resistant cells featured significantly decreased expression of the key antiviral mediators IRF1 and STAT1. On the basis of these findings, we investigated the efficacy of the clinical formulation of reovirus (Reolysin) in parental and drug-resistant models. Our investigation revealed that HDAC inhibitor-resistant cells displayed enhanced vulnerability to reovirus replication and cell death in both in vitro and in vivo models compared with their parental counterparts. Importantly, Reolysin also significantly increased the antilymphoma activity of belinostat in HDAC inhibitor-resistant cells. Our data demonstrate that Reolysin alone or in combination with belinostat is a novel therapeutic strategy to treat TCL patients who develop resistance to HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariful Islam
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Claudia M Espitia
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Daniel O Persky
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Jennifer S Carew
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Steffan T Nawrocki
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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Campbell KM, O'Leary KA, Rugowski DE, Mulligan WA, Barnell EK, Skidmore ZL, Krysiak K, Griffith M, Schuler LA, Griffith OL. A Spontaneous Aggressive ERα+ Mammary Tumor Model Is Driven by Kras Activation. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1526-1537.e4. [PMID: 31390566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NRL-PRL murine model, defined by mammary-selective transgenic rat prolactin ligand rPrl expression, establishes spontaneous ER+ mammary tumors in nulliparous females, mimicking the association between elevated prolactin (PRL) and risk for development of ER+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Whole-genome and exome sequencing in a discovery cohort (n = 5) of end-stage tumors revealed canonical activating mutations and copy number amplifications of Kras. The frequent mutations in this pathway were validated in an extension cohort, identifying activating Ras alterations in 79% of tumors (23 of 29). Transcriptome analyses over the course of oncogenesis revealed marked alterations associated with Ras activity in established tumors compared with preneoplastic tissues; in cell-intrinsic processes associated with mitosis, cell adhesion, and invasion; as well as in the surrounding tumor environment. These genomic analyses suggest that PRL induces a selective bottleneck for spontaneous Ras-driven tumors that may model a subset of aggressive clinical ER+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Campbell
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Kathleen A O'Leary
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Debra E Rugowski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - William A Mulligan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Erica K Barnell
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Zachary L Skidmore
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Kilannin Krysiak
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Malachi Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Obi L Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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Katzenellenbogen JA. PET Imaging Agents (FES, FFNP, and FDHT) for Estrogen, Androgen, and Progesterone Receptors to Improve Management of Breast and Prostate Cancers by Functional Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2020. [PMID: 32718075 PMCID: PMC7465097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many breast and prostate cancers are driven by the action of steroid hormones on their cognate receptors in primary tumors and in metastases, and endocrine therapies that inhibit hormone production or block the action of these receptors provide clinical benefit to many but not all of these cancer patients. Because it is difficult to predict which individuals will be helped by endocrine therapies and which will not, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) in breast cancer, and androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer can provide useful, often functional, information on the likelihood of endocrine therapy response in individual patients. This review covers our development of three PET imaging agents, 16α-[18F]fluoroestradiol (FES) for ER, 21-[18F]fluoro-furanyl-nor-progesterone (FFNP) for PgR, and 16β-[18F]fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone (FDHT) for AR, and the evolution of their clinical use. For these agents, the pathway from concept through development tracks with an emerging understanding of critical performance criteria that is needed for successful PET imaging of these low-abundance receptor targets. Progress in the ongoing evaluation of what they can add to the clinical management of breast and prostate cancers reflects our increased understanding of these diseases and of optimal strategies for predicting the success of clinical endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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40
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Wu S, Wu Y, Lu Y, Yue Y, Cui C, Yu M, Wang S, Liu M, Zhao Y, Sun Z. STAT1 expression and HPV16 viral load predict cervical lesion progression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:28. [PMID: 32774501 PMCID: PMC7405543 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. It is important to explore these mechanisms in order to identify novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The present study determined the association between STAT1 and human papillomavirus (HPV)16 in cervical lesions. STAT1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative PCR was used to detect HPV16 viral load and STAT1 expression in cervical lesions. The potential associations among STAT1 expression, HPV16 viral load and the severity of cervical lesions in patients were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to analyze STAT1 expression and survival. High STAT1 expression was observed in 10.71 (3/28), 41.18 (14/34), 53.06 (26/49) and 90.00% (27/30) of normal tissue, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma samples, respectively. The HPV16 copy number gradually increased with the progression of cervical lesions, with the highest copy number observed in cervical cancer samples. In addition, STAT1 expression was positively correlated with HPV16 viral load. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the combination of STAT1 expression and HPV16 viral load was able to differentiate between LSIL/HSIL and cervical cancer samples. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that STAT1 expression was associated with improved survival in cervical cancer. Additionally, STAT1 expression was positively associated with the progression of cervical lesions, and HPV16 viral load may affect STAT1 expression. Overall, these findings indicate that STAT1 may be an indicator of the status of cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyi Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Changwan Cui
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Medical Examination Center, Shenyang Red Cross Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110013, P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Sun
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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41
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Lv X, Dobrolecki LE, Ding Y, Rosen JM, Lewis MT, Chen X. Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32478757 DOI: 10.3791/61173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic response are critical for translational breast cancer research. Immortalized cell lines are easy to grow and genetically modify to study molecular mechanisms, yet the selective pressure from cell culture often leads to genetic and epigenetic alterations over time. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models faithfully recapitulate the heterogeneity and drug response of human breast tumors. PDX models exhibit a relatively short latency after orthotopic transplantation that facilitates the investigation of breast tumor biology and drug response. The transplantable genetically engineered mouse models allow the study of breast tumor immunity. The current protocol describes the method to orthotopically transplant breast tumor fragments into the mammary fat pad followed by drug treatments. These preclinical models provide valuable approaches to investigate breast tumor biology, drug response, biomarker discovery and mechanisms of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Lv
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Lacey E Dobrolecki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Yao Ding
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine;
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine;
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42
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Asadzadeh Z, Safarzadeh E, Safaei S, Baradaran A, Mohammadi A, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Derakhshani A, Argentiero A, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. Current Approaches for Combination Therapy of Cancer: The Role of Immunogenic Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1047. [PMID: 32340275 PMCID: PMC7226590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death resistance is a key feature of tumor cells. One of the main anticancer therapies is increasing the susceptibility of cells to death. Cancer cells have developed a capability of tumor immune escape. Hence, restoring the immunogenicity of cancer cells can be suggested as an effective approach against cancer. Accumulating evidence proposes that several anticancer agents provoke the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are determinants of immunogenicity and stimulate immunogenic cell death (ICD). It has been suggested that ICD inducers are two different types according to their various activities. Here, we review the well-characterized DAMPs and focus on the different types of ICD inducers and recent combination therapies that can augment the immunogenicity of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (Z.A.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 5618985991, Iran;
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (Z.A.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Ali Baradaran
- Research & Development Lab, BSD Robotics, 4500 Brisbane, Australia;
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Khalil Hajiasgharzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (Z.A.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (Z.A.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Nicola Silvestris
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (Z.A.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (A.D.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
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43
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Porta C, Consonni FM, Morlacchi S, Sangaletti S, Bleve A, Totaro MG, Larghi P, Rimoldi M, Tripodo C, Strauss L, Banfi S, Storto M, Pressiani T, Rimassa L, Tartari S, Ippolito A, Doni A, Soldà G, Duga S, Piccolo V, Ostuni R, Natoli G, Bronte V, Balzac F, Turco E, Hirsch E, Colombo MP, Sica A. Tumor-Derived Prostaglandin E2 Promotes p50 NF-κB-Dependent Differentiation of Monocytic MDSCs. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2874-2888. [PMID: 32265223 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) include immature monocytic (M-MDSC) and granulocytic (PMN-MDSC) cells that share the ability to suppress adaptive immunity and to hinder the effectiveness of anticancer treatments. Of note, in response to IFNγ, M-MDSCs release the tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive molecule nitric oxide (NO), whereas macrophages largely express antitumor properties. Investigating these opposing activities, we found that tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces nuclear accumulation of p50 NF-κB in M-MDSCs, diverting their response to IFNγ toward NO-mediated immunosuppression and reducing TNFα expression. At the genome level, p50 NF-κB promoted binding of STAT1 to regulatory regions of selected IFNγ-dependent genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2). In agreement, ablation of p50 as well as pharmacologic inhibition of either the PGE2 receptor EP2 or NO production reprogrammed M-MDSCs toward a NOS2low/TNFαhigh phenotype, restoring the in vivo antitumor activity of IFNγ. Our results indicate that inhibition of the PGE2/p50/NO axis prevents MDSC-suppressive functions and restores the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Tumor-derived PGE2-mediated induction of nuclear p50 NF-κB epigenetically reprograms the response of monocytic cells to IFNγ toward an immunosuppressive phenotype, thus retrieving the anticancer properties of IFNγ. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/13/2874/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases (CAAD) Cso Trieste 15/A, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Sara Morlacchi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Augusto Bleve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | | | - Paola Larghi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Rimoldi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Strauss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Banfi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Storto
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pressiani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tartari
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ippolito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Piccolo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Ostuni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Fiorella Balzac
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy. .,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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44
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Hii LW, Chung FFL, Mai CW, Yee ZY, Chan HH, Raja VJ, Dephoure NE, Pyne NJ, Pyne S, Leong CO. Sphingosine Kinase 1 Regulates the Survival of Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Non-stem Breast Cancer Cells by Suppression of STAT1. Cells 2020; 9:E886. [PMID: 32260399 PMCID: PMC7226795 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent rare tumor cell populations capable of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumor initiation and are highly resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thus, therapeutic approaches that can effectively target CSCs and tumor cells could be the key to efficient tumor treatment. In this study, we explored the function of SPHK1 in breast CSCs and non-CSCs. We showed that RNAi-mediated knockdown of SPHK1 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in both breast CSCs and non-CSCs, while ectopic expression of SPHK1 enhanced breast CSC survival and mammosphere forming efficiency. We identified STAT1 and IFN signaling as key regulatory targets of SPHK1 and demonstrated that an important mechanism by which SPHK1 promotes cancer cell survival is through the suppression of STAT1. We further demonstrated that SPHK1 inhibitors, FTY720 and PF543, synergized with doxorubicin in targeting both breast CSCs and non-CSCs. In conclusion, we provide important evidence that SPHK1 is a key regulator of cell survival and proliferation in breast CSCs and non-CSCs and is an attractive target for the design of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Wei Hii
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.W.M.); (Z.Y.Y.); (H.H.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA), Epigenetics Group (EGE) International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Chun Wai Mai
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.W.M.); (Z.Y.Y.); (H.H.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Zong Yang Yee
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.W.M.); (Z.Y.Y.); (H.H.C.)
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Hong Hao Chan
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.W.M.); (Z.Y.Y.); (H.H.C.)
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Vijay Joseph Raja
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA; (V.J.R.); (N.E.D.)
| | - Noah Elias Dephoure
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA; (V.J.R.); (N.E.D.)
| | - Nigel J. Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK; (N.J.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK; (N.J.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.W.M.); (Z.Y.Y.); (H.H.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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45
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Huang P, Liao R, Chen X, Wu X, Li X, Wang Y, Cao Q, Dong C. Nuclear translocation of PLSCR1 activates STAT1 signaling in basal-like breast cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:4644-4658. [PMID: 32292520 PMCID: PMC7150476 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is associated with high grade, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis; however, the mechanism underlying aggressiveness of BLBC is still unclear. Emerging evidence has suggested that phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is involved in tumor progression. Here, we aimed to study the possible involvement and molecular mechanisms of PLSCR1 contributing to the aggressive behavior of BLBC. Methods: The potential functions of PLSCR1 in breast cancer cells were assessed by Western blotting, colony formation, migration and invasion, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, mammosphere formation and flow cytometry. The relationship between nuclear translocation of PLSCR1 and transactivation of STAT1 was examined by immunostaining, co-IP, ChIP, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The effect of PLSCR1 expression on BLBC cells was determined by in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis and a lung metastasis mouse model. Results: Compared to other subtypes, PLSCR1 was considerably increased in BLBC. Phosphorylation of PLSCR1 at Tyr 69/74 contributed to the nuclear translocation of this protein. PLSCR1 was enriched in the promoter region of STAT1 and enhanced STAT3 binding to the STAT1 promoter, resulting in transactivation of STAT1; STAT1 then enhanced cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties that promoted BLBC progression. The knockdown of PLSCR1 led to significant inhibitory effects on proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth and lung metastasis of BLBC cells. Clinically, high PLSCR1 expression was strongly correlated with large tumor size, high grade, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, and poor survival, indicating poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Conclusions: Our data show that overexpression and nuclear translocation of PLSCR1 provide tumorigenic and metastatic advantages by activating STAT1 signaling in BLBC. This study not only reveals a critical mechanism of how PLSCR1 contributes to BLBC progression, but also suggests potential prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets for this challenging disease.
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46
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Verhoeven Y, Tilborghs S, Jacobs J, De Waele J, Quatannens D, Deben C, Prenen H, Pauwels P, Trinh XB, Wouters A, Smits EL, Lardon F, van Dam PA. The potential and controversy of targeting STAT family members in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:41-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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47
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Cytoplasmic ERα and NFκB Promote Cell Survival in Mouse Mammary Cancer Cell Lines. Discov Oncol 2020; 11:76-86. [PMID: 32008217 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-020-00378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a desperate need in the field for mouse mammary tumors and cell lines that faithfully mimic estrogen receptor (ER) expression and activity found in human breast cancers. We found that several mouse mammary cancer cell lines express ER but fail to demonstrate classical estrogen-driven proliferation or transcriptional activity. We investigated whether these cell lines may be used to model tamoxifen resistance by using small molecule inhibitors to signaling pathways known to contribute to resistance. We found that the combination of NFκB inhibition and ER antagonists significantly reduced cell proliferation in vitro, as well as growth of syngeneic tumors. Surprisingly, we found that ER was localized to the cytoplasm, regardless of any type of treatment. Based on this, we probed extra-nuclear functions of ER and found that co-inhibition of ER and NFκB led to an increase in oxidative stress and apoptosis. Together, these findings suggest that cytoplasmic ER and NFκB may play redundant roles in protecting mammary cancer cells from oxidative stress and cell death. Although this study has not identified a mouse model with classical ER activity, cytoplasmic ER has been described in a small subset of human breast tumors, suggesting that these findings may be relevant for some breast cancer patients.
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48
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The mechanism of how CD95/Fas activates the Type I IFN/STAT1 axis, driving cancer stemness in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1310. [PMID: 31992798 PMCID: PMC6987111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CD95/Fas is an apoptosis inducing death receptor. However, it also has multiple nonapoptotic activities that are tumorigenic. Chronic stimulation of CD95 on breast cancer cells can increase their cancer initiating capacity through activation of a type I interferon (IFN-I)/STAT1 pathway when caspases are inhibited. We now show that this activity relies on the canonical components of the CD95 death-inducing signaling complex, FADD and caspase-8, and on the activation of NF-κB. We identified caspase-2 as the antagonistic caspase that downregulates IFN-I production. Once produced, IFN-Is bind to their receptors activating both STAT1 and STAT2 resulting in upregulation of the double stranded (ds)RNA sensor proteins RIG-I and MDA5, and a release of a subset of endogenous retroviruses. Thus, CD95 is part of a complex cell autonomous regulatory network that involves activation of innate immune components that drive cancer stemness and contribute to therapy resistance.
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49
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Amphiregulin deletion strongly attenuates the development of estrogen receptor-positive tumors in p53 mutant mice. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:653-660. [PMID: 31838731 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The epidermal growth factor receptor ligand, Amphiregulin, is a transcriptional target of estrogen receptor alpha and is required for pubertal mammary gland development. Previous studies using immortalized human breast cancer cell line xenografts have suggested that Amphiregulin may be an important effector of estrogen receptor alpha during breast cancer development, at least in immune-compromised animals. Here, we evaluate the requirement for Amphiregulin in an immune-competent mouse model which is prone to developing estrogen receptor-positive tumors. METHODS We have intercrossed mice with mammary-specific mutation of p53 with mice deficient in Amphiregulin in order to assess the requirement for Amphiregulin in the initiation and progression of both estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative mammary tumors. RESULTS Deletion of Amphiregulin significantly delayed the onset of palpable mammary tumors and also strongly reduced the proportion of estrogen receptor alpha-positive tumors formed. Upon necropsy, no substantial differences in the prevalence of non-palpable lesions were observed between cohorts, suggesting that the importance of Amphiregulin in mammary tumorigenesis is limited to the post-initiation phase. CONCLUSIONS This study underlines the importance of the EGFR ligand, Amphiregulin, as a key mediator of estrogen receptor action in breast cancer.
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50
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Wehde BL, Rädler PD, Shrestha H, Johnson SJ, Triplett AA, Wagner KU. Janus Kinase 1 Plays a Critical Role in Mammary Cancer Progression. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2192-2207.e5. [PMID: 30463015 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) and their downstream STAT proteins play key roles in cytokine signaling, tissue homeostasis, and cancer development. Using a breast cancer model that conditionally lacks Janus kinase 1, we show here that JAK1 is essential for IL-6-class inflammatory cytokine signaling and plays a critical role in metastatic cancer progression. JAK1 is indispensable for the oncogenic activation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6 in ERBB2-expressing cancer cells, suggesting that ERBB2 receptor tyrosine kinase complexes do not directly activate these STAT proteins in vivo. A genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed that JAK1 signaling has pleiotropic effects on several pathways associated with cancer progression. We established that FOS and MAP3K8 are targets of JAK1/STAT3 signaling, which promotes tumorsphere formation and cell migration. The results highlight the significance of JAK1 as a rational therapeutic target to block IL-6-class cytokines, which are master regulators of cancer-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Wehde
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
| | - Patrick D Rädler
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hridaya Shrestha
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Stevi J Johnson
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aleata A Triplett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R Street, EL01TM, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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