1
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Hansen FJ, David P, Weber GF. The Multifaceted Functionality of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Potential Therapeutic Target? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2216. [PMID: 38927922 PMCID: PMC11201847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors pose a significant global health burden, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a crucial role in tumor immunity, exhibiting both anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects. This review aims to summarize the role of pDCs in different types of GI tumors and assess their potential as therapeutic targets. In gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, increased infiltration of pDCs was associated with a worse outcome, whereas in esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer, pDC infiltration improved the outcome. Initial animal studies of gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma showed that pDCs could be a successful therapeutic target. In conclusion, pDCs play a multifaceted role in GI tumors, influencing both anti-tumor immunity and tumor progression. Further research is needed to optimize their clinical application and explore combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul David
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Faculty of Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Georg F. Weber
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Faculty of Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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2
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Liu Y, Tang W, Yao F. USP53 Exerts Tumor-Promoting Effects in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Deubiquitinating CRKL. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5033. [PMID: 37894400 PMCID: PMC10605207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) ranks in the top five malignant tumors in terms of morbidity and mortality rates. Among BC subtypes, TNBC has a high recurrence rate and metastasis rate and the worst prognosis. However, the exact mechanism by which TNBC develops is unclear. Here, we show that the deubiquitinase USP53 contributes to tumor growth and metastasis in TNBC. USP53 is overexpressed in TNBC, and this phenotype is linked to a poor prognosis. Functionally, USP53 promotes TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). More importantly, USP53 decreases the chemosensitivity of BC cells by enhancing v-crk sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homologue (avian)-like (CRKL) expression. Mechanistically, USP53 directly binds CRKL to stabilize and deubiquitinate it, thereby preventing CRKL degradation. Overall, we discovered that USP53 deubiquitinates CRKL, encourages tumor development and metastasis, and reduces chemosensitivity in TNBC. These findings imply that USP53 might represent a new therapeutic target for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China;
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pediartrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China;
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China;
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3
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Seong S, Vijayan V, Kim JH, Kim K, Kim I, Cherukula K, Park IK, Kim N. Nano-formulations for bone-specific delivery of siRNA for CrkII silencing-induced regulation of bone formation and resorption to maximize therapeutic potential for bone-related diseases. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2581-2589. [PMID: 36794531 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02038f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
CrkII, a member of the adaptor protein family, is known to participate in bone homeostasis via the regulation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Therefore, silencing CrkII would beneficially impact the bone microenvironment. In this study, CrkII siRNA encapsulated by a bone-targeting peptide (AspSerSer)6-liposome was evaluated for its therapeutic applications using a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced bone loss model. (AspSerSer)6-liposome-siCrkII maintained its gene-silencing ability in both osteoclasts and osteoblasts in vitro and significantly reduced osteoclast formation while increasing osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Fluorescence image analyses showed that the (AspSerSer)6-liposome-siCrkII was present largely in bone, where it remained present for up to 24 hours and was cleared by 48 hours, even when systemically administrated. Importantly, microcomputed-tomography revealed that bone loss induced by RANKL administration was recovered by systemic administration of (AspSerSer)6-liposome-siCrkII. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that (AspSerSer)6-liposome-siCrkII is a promising therapeutic strategy for the development of treatments for bone diseases, as it overcomes the adverse effects derived from ubiquitous expression via bone-specific delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semun Seong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea. .,Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Veena Vijayan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Global Future Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea. .,Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kabsun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kondareddy Cherukula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Global Future Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Global Future Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea. .,Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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4
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Li W, Lingdi L, Xiqiang D, Jiheng L, Xin T, Qin H, Haisha L. MicroRNA-215-5p Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Wilm's Tumor Cells by Targeting CRK. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211036523. [PMID: 34384283 PMCID: PMC8366128 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211036523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Wilm’s tumor is a common renal malignancy in childhood with unsatisfactory prognosis. microRNA-215-5p (miR-215-5p) has been reported as a tumor-suppressive miRNA in different types of human cancers, but rarely in the Wilm’s tumor. In light of this, we tried to investigate the regulatory role and underlying mechanism of miR-215-5p in the Wilm’s tumor. Methods: After sample collection and cell culture, the expression of miR-215-5p and CT10 Regulator of Kinase (CRK) was detected. Then rhabdoid tumor cell lines (formerly classified as Wilms’ tumor cell lines), G401 and WT-CLS1 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1, pcDNA3.1-CRK, sh-NC, sh-CRK, agomir NC, miR-215-5p agomir, antagomir NC or miR-215-5p antagomir to explore the function of miR-215-5p and CRK in the Wilm’s tumor cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, the relationship between miR-215-5p and CRK was analyzed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: Lowly-expressed miR-215-5p and highly-expressed CRK were observed in the Wilm’s tumor tissues and cells. Transfection of pcDNA3.1-CRK or miR-215-5p antagomir could promote G401 and WT-CLS1 cell proliferation and enhance migration ability, while transfection of sh-CRK or miR-215-5p agomir led to opposite results. Additionally, miR-215-5p may bind to CRK. Moreover, transfection of pcDNA3.1-CRK in G401 and WT-CLS1 cells could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-215-5p agomir on the proliferation and migration of Wilm’s tumor cells. Conclusion: Our study highlighted that miR-215-5p could suppress the proliferation and migration of Wilm’s tumor cells by regulating the expression of CRK, providing new ideas for molecular targeted therapy for Wilm’s tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Children's Medical Center of The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lingdi
- Children's Medical Center of The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dang Xiqiang
- Children's Medical Center of The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Jiheng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Xin
- Children's Medical Center of The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Qin
- Children's Medical Center of The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Haisha
- Cardiac Function Department of The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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5
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Liu X, Hu Y, Yu B, Peng K, Gan X. CRKL is a critical target of Hh-GLI2 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6280-6288. [PMID: 34076957 PMCID: PMC8256351 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the important components of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and leads to many deaths every year. During the initiation and progression of the LUAD, the Hh-GLI2 pathway plays critical roles. Several components of this pathway have been shown to be amplified or overexpressed in LUAD, providing this pathway as an attractive target for therapeutics. However, a gap in our understanding of the Hh-GLI2 pathway is the identity of transcriptional targets of GLI2 that drive LUAD tumorigenesis. Here, we show that the oncogene CRKL is a direct target of GLI2. GLI2 turns on CRKL transcription through binding its second intron. Furthermore, CRKL is an essential mediator for GLI2-driven proliferation and migration of LUAD cells. Depletion of CRKL blunts Hh-GLI2 pathway-mediated cell proliferation and invasion. Lastly, we find that CRKL knockout cells are more sensitive to EGFR-TKI and chemotherapeutics. Taken together, our work here identifies a specific target for Hh-related malignancies and provides CRKL as a promising therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Bentong Yu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Kai Peng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xin Gan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical CareThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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6
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Park T. Crk and CrkL as Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040739. [PMID: 33801580 PMCID: PMC8065463 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crk and CrkL are cellular counterparts of the viral oncoprotein v-Crk. Crk and CrkL are overexpressed in many types of human cancer, correlating with poor prognosis. Furthermore, gene knockdown and knockout of Crk and CrkL in tumor cell lines suppress tumor cell functions, including cell proliferation, transformation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, resistance to chemotherapy drugs, and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis. Conversely, overexpression of tumor cells with Crk or CrkL enhances tumor cell functions. Therefore, Crk and CrkL have been proposed as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. However, it is unclear whether Crk and CrkL make distinct or overlapping contributions to tumor cell functions in various cancer types because Crk or CrkL have been examined independently in most studies. Two recent studies using colorectal cancer and glioblastoma cells clearly demonstrated that Crk and CrkL need to be ablated individually and combined to understand distinct and overlapping roles of the two proteins in cancer. A comprehensive understanding of individual and overlapping roles of Crk and CrkL in tumor cell functions is necessary to develop effective therapeutic strategies. This review systematically discusses crucial functions of Crk and CrkL in tumor cell functions and provides new perspectives on targeting Crk and CrkL in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeju Park
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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7
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Park T, Large N, Curran T. Quantitative assessment of glioblastoma phenotypes in vitro establishes cell migration as a robust readout of Crk and CrkL activity. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100390. [PMID: 33561443 PMCID: PMC7961105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression levels of CT10 regulator of kinase (Crk) and Crk-like (CrkL) are elevated in many human cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM), and are believed to contribute to poor prognosis. Although Crk and CrkL have been proposed as therapeutic targets in these tumors, the lack of a reliable, quantitative assay to measure Crk and CrkL activity has hindered development of inhibitors. Here, we knocked down Crk, CrkL, or both using siRNAs in a human GBM cell line, U-118MG, to determine the respective, quantitative contributions of Crk and CrkL to cellular phenotypes. The combined use of specific and potent Crk and CrkL siRNAs induced effective knockdown of CrkII, CrkI, and CrkL. Whereas Crk knockdown did not affect cell morphology, proliferation, adhesion, or invasion, CrkL knockdown caused shrinkage of cells and inhibition of cell proliferation, adhesion, and invasion. Crk/CrkL double knockdown resulted in more pronounced morphological alterations and more robust inhibition of proliferation, adhesion, and invasion. Furthermore, Crk/CrkL double knockdown completely blocked cell migration, and this effect was rescued by transient overexpression of CrkL but not of Crk. Quantification of protein levels indicated that CrkL is expressed more abundantly than CrkII and CrkI in U-118MG cells. These results demonstrate both the predominant role of CrkL and the essential overlapping functions of Crk and CrkL in U-118MG cells. Furthermore, our study indicates that migration of U-118MG cells depends entirely on Crk and CrkL. Thus, impedance-based, real-time measurement of tumor cell migration represents a robust assay for monitoring Crk and CrkL activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeju Park
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
| | - Neka Large
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Tom Curran
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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8
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Abdolvahab MH, Darvishi B, Zarei M, Majidzadeh-A K, Farahmand L. Interferons: role in cancer therapy. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:833-855. [PMID: 32635782 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling cytokines, secreted by host cells to induce protection against various disorders. IFNs can directly impact on tumor cells or indirectly induce the immune system to protect host cells. The expression levels of IFNs and its functions of are excellently modulated in a way to protect host cells from probable toxicities caused by extreme responses. The efficacy of anticancer therapies is correlated to IFNs signaling. Although IFN signaling is involved in induction of antitumor responses, chronic stimulation of the IFN signaling pathway can induce resistance to various antineoplasm therapies. Hence, IFNs are expressed by both cancer and immune cells, and modulate their biological function. Understanding this mechanism of action might be a key target of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Haji Abdolvahab
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial & Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
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9
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Feng R, Li J, Sah BK, Yuan F, Jin X, Yan M, Liu B, Li C, Zhu Z. Overexpression of CrkL as a novel biomarker for poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Cancer Biomark 2020; 26:131-138. [PMID: 31356198 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-192435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signaling adapter protein CrkL plays vital roles in multiple cancers. However, the expression pattern of CrkL protein and its clinical significance have not been well characterized in human gastric cancer (GC) so far. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of tissue-based CrkL protein expression level with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of GC patients. METHODS The expression level of CrkL protein in 380 GC patients was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The associations of CrkL protein expression level with clinicopathologicalal characteristics and clinical outcome were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with the matched adjacent non-tumor tissues, CrkL protein expression level was significantly up-regulated in tumor tissues. In addition, there was a positive correlation between CrkL and Ki67 expression levels in GC patients. An elevated CrkL level statistically correlated with aggressive clinicopathologicalal characteristics, such as larger tumor size, deeper local invasion, more lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and poorer prognosis. Notably, multivariate analysis identified tissue-based CrkL level as an independent predictor for the unfavorable prognosis of GC. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that CrkL protein may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Birendra K Sah
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Jin
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Uemura S, Wang L, Tsuda M, Suzuka J, Tanikawa S, Sugino H, Nakamura T, Mitsuhashi T, Hirano S, Tanaka S. Signaling adaptor protein Crk is involved in malignant feature of pancreatic cancer associated with phosphorylation of c-Met. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:378-384. [PMID: 32005519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signaling adaptor protein Crk has been shown to play an important role in various human cancers. Crk links tyrosine kinases and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) such as C3G and Dock180 to activate small G-proteins Rap and Rac, respectively. In pancreatic cancer, various molecular targeted therapies have provided no significant therapeutic benefit for the patients so far due to constitutive activation of KRAS by frequent KRAS mutation. Therefore, the establishment of novel molecular targeted therapy in KRAS-independent manner is required. Here, we investigated a potential of Crk as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Immunohistochemistry on human pancreatic cancer specimens revealed that the patients with high expression of Crk had a worse prognosis than those with low expression. We established Crk-knockdown pancreatic cancer cells by siRNA using PANC-1, AsPC-1, and MIA PaCa-2 cells, which showed decreased cell proliferation, invasion, and adhesion. In Crk-knockdown pancreatic cancer cells, the decrease of c-Met phosphorylation was observed. In the orthotopic xenograft model, Crk depletion prolonged survival of mice significantly. Thus, signaling adaptor protein Crk is involved in malignant potential of pancreatic cancer associated with decrease of c-Met phosphorylation, and Crk can be considered to be a potential therapeutic molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Uemura
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Soft Matter (GSS), Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Soft Matter (GSS), Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Soft Matter (GSS), Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanikawa
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sugino
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mitsuhashi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Soft Matter (GSS), Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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11
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Lin YC, Ke ZY, Liao PH, Tseng CY, Kong KV. Reversible detection of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using a cyclopentadienyl ruthenium nanotag functionalized tip. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:936-939. [PMID: 31850409 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08269g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The detection of cancer invasion is crucial for diagnosis. In this report, we employed a TERS tip and SERS nanotags to create a cell signaling based nano-sensing system. This system is capable of creating a reversible phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation cycle for TERS measurement. The reversible TERS sensing is then paired with a downstream binding domain, Src homology region 2 (SH2), which is associated with the cell signaling for cancer cell invasion. Such a system offers the advantages of convenient detection of nanotags and high sensitivity as validated in a cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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12
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Zhang X, Yu X, Zhao Z, Yuan Z, Ma P, Ye Z, Guo L, Xu S, Xu L, Liu T, Liu H, Yu S. MicroRNA-429 inhibits bone metastasis in breast cancer by regulating CrkL and MMP-9. Bone 2020; 130:115139. [PMID: 31706051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is common in late-stage breast cancer patients and leads to skeletal-related events that affect the quality of life and decrease survival. Numerous miRNAs have been confirmed to be involved in metastatic breast cancer, such as the miR200 family. Our previous study identified microRNA-429 (miR-429) as a regulatory molecule in breast cancer bone metastasis. However, the effects of miR-429 and its regulatory axis in the metastatic breast cancer bone microenvironment have not been thoroughly investigated. We observed a positive correlation between miR-429 expression in clinical tissues and the bone metastasis-free interval and a negative correlation between miR-429 expression and the degree of bone metastasis. We cultured bone metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells and used conditioned medium (CM) to detect the effect of miR-429 on osteoblast and osteoclast cells in vitro. We constructed an orthotopic bone destruction model and a left ventricle implantation model to examine the effect of miR-429 on the metastatic bone environment in vivo. The transfection experiments showed that the expression levels of V-crk sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog-like (CrkL) and MMP-9 were negatively regulated by miR-429. The in vitro coculture experiments showed that miR-429 promoted osteoblast differentiation and that CrkL promoted osteoclast differentiation. The two animal models showed that miR-429 diminished local bone destruction and distant bone metastasis but CrkL enhanced these effects. Furthermore, CrkL and MMP-9 expression decreased simultaneously in response to increased miR-429 expression. These findings further reveal the possible mechanism and effect of the miR-429/CrkL/MMP-9 regulatory axis in the bone microenvironment in breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhennan Yuan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peiqing Ma
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Liping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Songfeng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanmei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengji Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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13
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Liu H, Ren SY, Qu Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Li XQ, Ma H. MiR-194-5p inhibited metastasis and EMT of nephroblastoma cells through targeting Crk. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 36:265-273. [PMID: 31889432 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common solid childhood tumors all over the world. MicroRNAs (miRs) contribute to tumorigenesis of various cancers through targeting gene. The present study investigated the vital role of miR-194-5p and its underlying mechanism in the progression of WT. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay indicated downregulation of miR194-5p and upregulation of Crk, in WT tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Transfection with miR-194-5p mimics into nephroblastoma cells showed a significant decline in cell migration and invasion, which was detected by Transwell assay. Luciferase assay confirmed that Crk was a direct target gene of miR-194-5p. More important, the mesenchymal to epithelial transition (EMT) biomarkers containing E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Zeb1 were examined by Western blot, and revealed that miR-194-5p mimics decreased the levels of N-cadherin and Zeb1 but increased E-cadherin, which suggested that miR-194-5p inhibited EMT. Crk knockdown could reverse the increased nephroblastoma cell invasion, migration and EMT caused by miR-194-5p inhibitor. Interestingly, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that overexpression of miR-194-5p deactivated HGF/c-Met/Scr signaling pathway via targeting Crk. In conclusion, miR-194-5p inhibited nephroblastoma cell metastasis and EMT in the progression of WT by targeting Crk. Thus, miR-194-5p might be a potential target in WT particularly for the prevention of metastasis and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
| | - Shi-Ying Ren
- Department of Operating Theater, Jinan First People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan City, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
| | - Xiang Qing Li
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
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14
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Minarovits J, Niller HH. Truncated oncoproteins of retroviruses and hepatitis B virus: A lesson in contrasts. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:342-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Jeon JM, Kwon OK, Na AY, Sung EJ, Cho IJ, Kim M, Yea SS, Chun SY, Lee JH, Ha YS, Kwon TG, Lee S. Secretome profiling of PC3/nKR cells, a novel highly migrating prostate cancer subline derived from PC3 cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220807. [PMID: 31404090 PMCID: PMC6690527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men worldwide. Most PCa cases are not fatal; however, the outlook is poor when PCa spreads to another organ. Bone is the target organ in about 80% of patients who experience metastasis from a primary PCa tumor. In the present study, we characterized the secretome of PC3/nKR cells, which are a new subline of PC3 cells that were originally isolated from nude mice that were implanted with PC3 cells without anti-natural killer (NK) cell treatment. Wound healing and Transwell assays revealed that PC3/nKR cells had increased migratory and invasive activities in addition to a higher resistance to NK cells-induced cytotoxicity as compared to PC3 cells. We quantitatively profiled the secreted proteins of PC3/nKR and PC3 cells by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis coupled with 2-plex tandem mass tag labeling. In total, 598 secretory proteins were identified, and 561 proteins were quantified, among which 45 proteins were secreted more and 40 proteins were secreted less by PC3/nKR cells than by PC3 cells. For validation, the adapter molecule crk, serpin B3, and cystatin-M were analyzed by western blotting. PC3/nKR cells showed the selective secretion of NKG2D ligand 2, HLA-A, and IL-6, which may contribute to their NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity resistance, and had a high secretion of crk protein, which may contribute to their high migration and invasion properties. Based on our secretome analysis, we propose that PC3/nKR cells represent a new cell system for studying the metastasis and progression of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Mi Jeon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Kwang Kwon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ann-Yae Na
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Sung
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Su Yea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: ;
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16
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Increased Soluble CrkL in Serum of Breast Cancer Patients Is Associated with Advanced Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070961. [PMID: 31323992 PMCID: PMC6679112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-expression of Crk-like protein (CrkL), an intracellular adaptor protein, in breast cancer biopsies has been linked to poor prognosis. CrkL can be secreted from cancer cells binding to β1 integrin on the cell membrane. In this study, we evaluated, for the first time, the levels of soluble CrkL in serum of breast cancer patients. Expression of CrkL and secreted fractions from human breast cancer cell lines and clinical patient samples were assessed by immunohistochemistry and Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). CrkL levels in tissues and sera of patients with different disease stages were compared and statistically analyzed by Chi-square test and Student’s t-test. Culture media from human breast cancer cell lines SUM159, MDA-MB231, and MCF7 showed over a 21-, 15-, and 11-fold higher concentration of soluble CrkL as compared to normal breast epithelium cell line MCF10A. Expression of CrkL was elevated in 85% of breast tumor tissue sections. Serum levels of CrkL were significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in healthy donors. All patients with metastatic disease had significantly elevated concentration of soluble CrkL in the serum with on average three-fold increase from the baseline. The data suggest that soluble fraction of CrkL can be further evaluated as a serum biomarker for advanced disease in breast cancer patients.
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17
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Yoshida K, Tsuda M, Matsumoto R, Semba S, Wang L, Sugino H, Tanino M, Kondo T, Tanabe K, Tanaka S. Exosomes containing ErbB2/CRK induce vascular growth in premetastatic niches and promote metastasis of bladder cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2119-2132. [PMID: 31141251 PMCID: PMC6609816 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced and metastatic invasive bladder cancer (BC) has a poor prognosis, and no advanced therapies beyond cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy have been developed. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of tumor progression and metastasis of invasive BC for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we clarified a novel role of exosomes containing ErbB2 and CRK in a formation of premetastatic niches and subsequent metastases. CRK adaptors were overexpressed in invasive UM‐UC‐3 BC cells. In an orthotopic xenograft model, metastases to lung, liver, and bone of UM‐UC‐3 cells were completely abolished by CRK elimination. Mass spectrometry analysis identified that ErbB2 was contained in UM‐UC‐3‐derived exosomes in a CRK‐dependent manner; the exosomes significantly increased proliferation and invasion properties of low‐grade 5637 BC cells and HUVECs through FAK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In athymic mice educated with UM‐UC‐3‐derived exosomes, i.v. implanted UM‐UC‐3 cells were trapped with surrounding PKH67‐labeled exosomes in lung and led to development of lung metastasis with disordered vascular proliferation. In contrast, exosomes derived from CRK‐depleted BC cells failed to induce these malignant features. Taken together, we showed that CRK adaptors elevated the expression of ErbB2/3 in BC cells, and these tyrosine kinase/adaptor units were transferred from host BC cells to metastatic recipient cells by exosomes, leading to vascular leakiness and proliferation and contributing to the formation of distant metastasis. Thus, CRK intervention with ErbB2/3 blockade might be a potent therapeutic strategy for patients with ErbB2 overexpressing advanced and metastatic BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Matsumoto
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Semba
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sugino
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mishie Tanino
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Kondo
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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18
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Zhou Z, Sun X, Guo C, Sun MZ, Liu S. CRKII overexpression promotes the in vitro proliferation, migration and invasion potential of murine hepatocarcinoma Hca-P cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5169-5174. [PMID: 31186732 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is a major mechanism of tumor metastasis. The present study aimed to investigate the association of CRKII, a member of the CRK family, with the in vitro malignant behaviors of a murine hepatocarcinoma Hca-P cell line, with a lymph node metastatic rate of ~25%. Total mRNA was extracted from Hca-P cells, and then the murine CRKII gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into the pEASY-blunt cloning vector. Subsequently, the recombinant pcDNA3.1/V5-HisB-CRKII plasmid was constructed and transfected into Hca-P cells. Western blotting indicated that the CRKII expression level in pcDNA3.1/V5-HisB-CRKII-Hca-P cells was increased by ~185%, compared with pcDNA3.1/V5-HisB-Hca-P cells. The stable overexpression of CRKII enhanced the in vitro proliferation ability, as measured with a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and the colony forming capacity was measured with a soft agar colony forming assay for Hca-P cells. The in vitro migration and invasion capacities of Hca-P cells were increased by ~179 and 156% in Hca-P cells, respectively, following the stable upregulation of CRKII. Collectively, the recombinant pcDNA3.1/V5-HisB-CRKII-Hca-P plasmid was constructed successfully. Additionally, the CRKII expression level was positively associated with the in vitro proliferation, migration and invasion malignant properties of Hca-P cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanmei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyan Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 114012, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 114012, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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19
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Feng R, Sah BK, Beeharry MK, Yuan F, Su L, Jin X, Yan M, Liu B, Li C, Zhu Z. Dysregulation of miR-126/Crk protein axis predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:335-343. [PMID: 29171987 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-126 functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer (GC) by negatively regulating Crk protein expression post-transcriptionally. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of miR-126 and Crk protein expression levels, alone or in combination, with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of GC patients. METHODS The expression levels of miR-126 and Crk protein in 338 GC patients were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The relationship of miR-126 and Crk protein expression with clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcome was evaluated. RESULTS Compared with matched adjacent non-tumor tissues, miR-126 was significantly down-regulated while Crk protein was significantly up-regulated in tumor tissues. A reduced miR-126 expression and an elevated Crk protein expression, alone or in combination, statistically correlated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics, such as larger tumor size, deeper local invasion, more lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and poorer prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that combined miR-126-low/Crk protein-high expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor of GC. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate for the first time that miR-126 down-regulation and Crk protein up-regulation may be synergistically associated with tumor progression in GC and may predict unfavorable prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Birendra K Sah
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Maneesh K Beeharry
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liping Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaolong Jin
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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20
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Bian X, Liang Z, Feng A, Salgado E, Shim H. HDAC inhibitor suppresses proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells through regulation of miR-200c targeting CRKL. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 147:30-37. [PMID: 29155146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to effectively induce the inhibition of proliferation and migration in breast cancer, the anticancer mechanism remains poorly understood. Our studies show that miR-200c was significantly downregulated in breast cancer cell lines compared to normal cell lines and inversely correlated with the levels of class IIa HDACs and CRKL. HDAC inhibitors and the ectopic expression of miR-200c as tumor suppressors inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells by downregulating CRKL. These results indicate that the anticancer mechanism of HDAC inhibitor was realized partially by regulating miR-200c via CRKL targeting. Our findings suggest that the HDAC-miR200c-CRKL signaling axis could be a novel diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Bian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta GA30322, USA; Department of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongxing Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta GA30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta GA30322, USA.
| | - Amber Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta GA30322, USA
| | - Eric Salgado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta GA30322, USA
| | - Hyunsuk Shim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta GA30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta GA30322, USA.
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21
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Angeloni V, Contessi N, De Marco C, Bertoldi S, Tanzi MC, Daidone MG, Farè S. Polyurethane foam scaffold as in vitro model for breast cancer bone metastasis. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:306-316. [PMID: 28927931 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) represents the most incident cancer case in women (29%), with high mortality rate. Bone metastasis occurs in 20-50% cases and, despite advances in BC research, the interactions between tumor cells and the metastatic microenvironment are still poorly understood. In vitro 3D models gained great interest in cancer research, thanks to the reproducibility, the 3D spatial cues and associated low costs, compared to in vivo and 2D in vitro models. In this study, we investigated the suitability of a poly-ether-urethane (PU) foam as 3D in vitro model to study the interactions between BC tumor-initiating cells and the bone microenvironment. PU foam open porosity (>70%) appeared suitable to mimic trabecular bone structure. The PU foam showed good mechanical properties under cyclic compression (E=69-109kPa), even if lower than human trabecular bone. The scaffold supported osteoblast SAOS-2 cell line proliferation, with no cytotoxic effects. Human adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) were cultured and differentiated into osteoblast lineage on the PU foam, as shown by alizarin red staining and RT-PCR, thus offering a bone biomimetic microenvironment to the further co-culture with BC derived tumor-initiating cells (MCFS). Tumor aggregates were observed after three weeks of co-culture by e-cadherin staining and SEM; modification in CaP distribution was identified by SEM-EDX and associated to the presence of tumor cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated the suitability of the PU foam to reproduce a bone biomimetic microenvironment, useful for the co-culture of human osteoblasts/BC tumor-initiating cells and to investigate their interaction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 3D in vitro models represent an outstanding alternative in the study of tumor metastases development, compared to traditional 2D in vitro cultures, which oversimplify the 3D tissue microenvironment, and in vivo studies, affected by low reproducibility and ethical issues. Several scaffold-based 3D in vitro models have been proposed to recapitulate the development of metastases in different body sites but, still, the crucial challenge is to correctly mimic the tissue to be modelled in terms of physical, mechanical and biological properties. Here, we prove the suitability of a porous polyurethane foam, synthesized using an appropriate formulaton, in mimicking the bone tissue microenvironment and in reproducing the metastatic colonization derived from human breast cancer, particularly evidencing the devastating effects on the bone extracellular matrix caused by metastatic spreading.
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22
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Kumar S, Lu B, Davra V, Hornbeck P, Machida K, Birge RB. Crk Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulates PDGF-BB-inducible Src Activation and Breast Tumorigenicity and Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:173-183. [PMID: 28974561 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The activity of Src family kinases (Src being the prototypical member) is tightly regulated by differential phosphorylation on Tyr416 (positive) and Tyr527 (negative), a duet that reciprocally regulates kinase activity. The latter negative regulation of Src on Tyr527 is mediated by C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) that phosphorylates Tyr527 and maintains Src in a clamped negative regulated state by promoting an intramolecular association. Here it is demonstrated that the SH2- and SH3-domain containing adaptor protein CrkII, by virtue of its phosphorylation on Tyr239, regulates the Csk/Src signaling axis to control Src activation. Once phosphorylated, the motif (PIpYARVIQ) forms a consensus sequence for the SH2 domain of CSK to form a pTyr239-CSK complex. Functionally, when expressed in Crk-/- MEFs or in Crk+/+ HS683 cells, Crk Y239F delayed PDGF-BB-inducible Src Tyr416 phosphorylation. Moreover, expression of Crk Y239F in HS683 cells delayed Src kinase activation and suppressed the cell-invasive and -transforming phenotypes. Finally, through loss-of-function and epistasis experiments using CRISPR-Cas9-engineered 4T1 murine breast cancer cells, Crk Tyr239 is implicated in breast cancer tumor growth and metastasis in orthotopic immunocompetent 4T1 mice model of breast adenocarcinoma. These findings delineate a novel role for Crk Tyr239 phosphorylation in the regulation of Src kinases, as well as a potential molecular explanation for a long-standing question as to how Crk regulates the activation of Src kinases.Implications: These findings provide new perspectives on the versatility of Crk in cancer by demonstrating how Crk mechanistically drives, through a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent manner, tumor growth, and metastasis. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 173-83. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Center, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Bin Lu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Cancer Center, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Viralkumar Davra
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Center, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | | | - Kazuya Machida
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Raymond B Birge
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Center, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
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23
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Kumar S, Davra V, Obr AE, Geng K, Wood TL, De Lorenzo MS, Birge RB. Crk adaptor protein promotes PD-L1 expression, EMT and immune evasion in a murine model of triple-negative breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1376155. [PMID: 29296536 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1376155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor infiltration of immune cells in solid cancers can profoundly influence host antitumor responses. In recent years, immunotherapeutic regimens, that target immune checkpoints, demonstrated significant antitumor response by increasing intra-tumoral immune cell populations, including CD8+ effector T cells. However, administration of such immune checkpoint inhibitors is largely inefficacious in inducing immunogenicity and treating breast cancer. Currently, there is a great need to better understand cell autonomous mechanisms of immune evasion in breast cancer to identify upstream therapeutic targets that increase the efficacy of immunotherapy. Here we show that Crk, an SH2 and SH3 domain-containing adaptor protein implicated in focal adhesion signaling, cell migration, and invasion, and frequently up-regulated in human cancers, has an important role in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Using a murine 4T1 breast adenocarcinoma model of spontaneous metastasis in immune-competent BALB/C mice, we show that genetic ablation of Crk by CRISPR-Cas9 leads to enhanced anti-tumor immune cell populations, cytotoxic effector and immune surveillance cytokines in primary tumor. Pathologically, this leads to a significant reduction in tumor growth and lung metastasis. Mechanistically, Crk KO suppresses EMT and PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and acts additively with anti-PD1 therapy to suppress tumor growth and metastasis outcomes. Taken together, these data reveal a previously un-described function of Crk adaptor protein expression in tumor cells for cell autonomous regulation of tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Center, Rutgers- New Jersey Medical School, 205 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Viralkumar Davra
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Center, Rutgers- New Jersey Medical School, 205 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alison E Obr
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Cancer Center, Rutgers- New Jersey Medical School, 205 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ke Geng
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Center, Rutgers- New Jersey Medical School, 205 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Teresa L Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Cancer Center, Rutgers- New Jersey Medical School, 205 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mariana S De Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Raymond B Birge
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Center, Rutgers- New Jersey Medical School, 205 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, USA
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24
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Bhatt VS, Zeng D, Krieger I, Sacchettini JC, Cho JH. Binding Mechanism of the N-Terminal SH3 Domain of CrkII and Proline-Rich Motifs in cAbl. Biophys J 2017; 110:2630-2641. [PMID: 27332121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal Src homology 3 (nSH3) domain of a signaling adaptor protein, CT-10 regulator of kinase II (CrkII), recognizes proline-rich motifs (PRMs) of binding partners, such as cAbl kinase. The interaction between CrkII and cAbl kinase is involved in the regulation of cell spreading, microbial pathogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Here, we report the detailed biophysical characterizations of the interactions between the nSH3 domain of CrkII and PRMs in cAbl. We identified that the nSH3 domain of CrkII binds to three PRMs in cAbl with virtually identical affinities. Structural studies, by using x-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, revealed that the binding modes of all three nSH3:PRM complexes are highly similar to each other. Van 't Hoff analysis revealed that nSH3:PRM interaction is associated with favorable enthalpy and unfavorable entropy change. The combination of experimentally determined thermodynamic parameters, structure-based calculations, and (15)N NMR relaxation analysis highlights the energetic contribution of conformational entropy change upon the complex formation, and water molecules structured in the binding interface of the nSH3:PRM complex. Understanding the molecular basis of nSH3:PRM interaction will provide, to our knowledge, new insights for the rational design of small molecules targeting the interaction between CrkII and cAbl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veer S Bhatt
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Danyun Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Inna Krieger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - James C Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jae-Hyun Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
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25
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Cai L, Wang H, Yang Q. CRKL overexpression promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in endometrial carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:51-56. [PMID: 28123521 PMCID: PMC5245097 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The v-Crk avian sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog-like (CRKL) protein is important in cancer progression. However, its expression pattern and biological roles in human endometrial carcinoma remain unexplored. The potential mechanism of CRKL-induced cancer progression is still unclear. The present study aimed to explore the expression pattern and biological roles of CRKL in human endometrial carcinoma. Using immunohistochemistry, it was observed that the CRKL protein was overexpressed in 50.5% (44/87) of endometrial carcinoma tissues. Plasmid transfection of CRKL into Ishikawa cells was performed, and CRKL overexpression promoted cell proliferation, colony formation and cell cycle transition in the transfected cells. In addition, CRKL overexpression inhibited cell apoptosis in Ishikawa cells treated with cisplatin, with decreased caspase-3 and caspase-9 cleavage. Further analysis revealed that CRKL upregulated the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 and survivin, and downregulated Bcl-2 associated X protein expression. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that CRKL overexpression in endometrial carcinoma contributes to malignant cell growth and resistance to apoptosis, possibly through Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Cai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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26
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Park T, Koptyra M, Curran T. Fibroblast Growth Requires CT10 Regulator of Kinase (Crk) and Crk-like (CrkL). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26273-26290. [PMID: 27807028 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.764613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CT10 regulator of kinase (Crk) and Crk-like (CrkL) are the cellular counterparts of the viral oncogene v-Crk Elevated levels of Crk and CrkL have been observed in many human cancers; inhibition of Crk and CrkL expression reduced the tumor-forming potential of cancer cell lines. Despite a close relationship between the Crk family proteins and tumorigenesis, how Crk and CrkL contribute to cell growth is unclear. We ablated endogenous Crk and CrkL from cultured fibroblasts carrying floxed alleles of Crk and CrkL by transfection with synthetic Cre mRNA (synCre). Loss of Crk and CrkL induced by synCre transfection blocked cell proliferation and caused shrinkage of the cytoplasm and the nucleus, formation of adherens junctions, and reduced cell motility. Ablation of Crk or CrkL alone conferred a much more modest reduction in cell proliferation. Reintroduction of CrkI, CrkII, or CrkL individually rescued cell proliferation in the absence of the endogenous Crk and CrkL, suggesting that Crk and CrkL play overlapping functions in regulating fibroblast growth. Serum and basic FGF induced phosphorylation of Akt, MAP kinases, and S6 kinase and Fos expression in the absence of Crk and CrkL, suggesting that cells lacking Crk and CrkL are capable of initiating major signal transduction pathways in response to extracellular stimuli. Furthermore, cell cycle and cell death analyses demonstrated that fibroblasts lacking Crk and CrkL become arrested at the G1-S transition and undergo a modest apoptosis. Taken together, our results suggest that Crk and CrkL play essential overlapping roles in fibroblast growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeju Park
- From the Children's Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108
| | - Mateusz Koptyra
- From the Children's Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108
| | - Tom Curran
- From the Children's Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108
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27
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Dhupkar P, Zhao H, Mujoo K, An Z, Zhang N. Crk II silencing down-regulates IGF-IR and inhibits migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:382-388. [PMID: 28955980 PMCID: PMC5614478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Crk (C10 regulator of kinase) adaptor proteins are highly expressed in many types of human cancers and often contribute to aggressive cancer phenotypes. Crk II, a member of CRK family, has been reported to regulate cell migration and metastasis in breast cancer cells. However, its role in other cancer types has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the molecular function of Crk II in prostate cancer (PCa) cells (CWR-22rv1) in vitro and using a mouse tumor model. Results showed that Crk II knockdown by shRNA-mediated silencing (Crk II-shRNA) in the PCa cells significantly inhibited both cancer cell migration and invasion in cell culture study. Crk II-shRNA cancer cells also significantly decreased colony formation in vitro, but had no significant reduction of tumor volume after 4 weeks of cancer cell xenografting in vivo when compared to the scramble control. Interestingly, Crk II-shRNA cancer cells showed a greatly reduced level of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and decreased signaling of the IGF-1R/PI3K/Akt axis upon IGF-1 ligand stimulation. A close interaction between Crk II and IGF-1R was demonstrated upon co-immunoprecipitation of IGF-1R with Crk II protein. Further, treatment of cells with either proteosomal degradation or protein synthesis inhibitor showed higher proportion of ubiquitin-associated IGF-1R and faster degradation of IGF-1R in Crk II-shRNA cells in comparison with that in the control cancer cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Crk II plays an important role in the regulation of IGF-1R protein stability and affects downstream of IGF-1R signaling pathways. Therefore, targeting Crk-II can block IGF-1R growth signaling and suppress cancer cell invasion and progression. Blocking Crk II inhibited cancer cell migration, invasion, and colony formation. Knockdown Crk II decreased IGF-1R protein and its downstream signaling. Crk II knockdown increased ubiquitination and degradation of IGF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dhupkar
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA.,Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huang Zhao
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kalpana Mujoo
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA.,Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA
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28
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Ji H, Li B, Zhang S, He Z, Zhou Y, Ouyang L. Crk-like adapter protein is overexpressed in cervical carcinoma, facilitates proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance, and regulates Src and Akt signaling. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3811-3817. [PMID: 27895735 PMCID: PMC5104173 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Crk-like (CrkL) adapter protein has been implicated in a number of types of human cancer. However, its involvement in human cervical carcinoma remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the clinical significance and biological characteristics of CrkL in human cervical carcinoma. CrkL protein expression was examined in tissue samples from 92 cases of cervical carcinoma using immunohistochemistry, and was found to be overexpressed in 48.9% (45/92 cases). CrkL was transfected into HeLa and CaSki cervical carcinoma cell lines and its effects on biological behavior were examined. CrkL overexpression was revealed to promote cell proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance. In addition, CrkL overexpression increased the level of Src and Akt phosphorylation. Treatment with the Src inhibitor dasatinib eliminated the effect of CrkL on cell invasion. In conclusion, the current results demonstrate that CrkL is an oncoprotein overexpressed in cervical carcinoma which contributes to malignant cell growth and chemoresistance. In addition, the findings indicate that CrkL promotes cervical cancer cell invasion through a Src-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ji
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Shitai Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ouyang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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29
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Greening DW, Nguyen HPT, Evans J, Simpson RJ, Salamonsen LA. Modulating the endometrial epithelial proteome and secretome in preparation for pregnancy: The role of ovarian steroid and pregnancy hormones. J Proteomics 2016; 144:99-112. [PMID: 27262222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dialogue between an appropriately developed embryo and hormonally-primed endometrium is essential to achieve implantation and establish pregnancy. Importantly, the point-of-first-contact between the embryo and the maternal endometrium occurs at the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE). Implantation events occur within the uterine cavity microenvironment regulated by local factors. Defects in embryo-endometrial communication likely underlie unexplained infertility; enhanced knowledge of this communication, specifically at initial maternal-fetal contact may reveal targets to improve fertility. Using a human endometrial luminal-epithelial (LE) cell line (ECC1), this targeted proteomic study reveals unique protein changes in both cellular (98% unique identifications) and secreted (96% unique identifications) proteins in the transition to the progesterone-dominated secretory (receptive) phase and subsequently to pregnancy, mediated by embryo-derived human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This analysis identified 157 progesterone-regulated cellular proteins, with further 193 significantly altered in response to hCG. Cellular changes were associated with metabolism, basement membrane and cell connectivity, proliferation and differentiation. Secretome analysis identified 1059 proteins; 123 significantly altered by progesterone, and 43 proteins altered by hCG, including proteins associated with cellular adhesion, extracellular-matrix organization, developmental growth, growth factor regulation, and cell signaling. Collectively, our findings reveal dynamic intracellular and secreted protein changes in the endometrium that may modulate successful establishment of pregnancy. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides unique insights into the developmental biology of embryo implantation using targeted proteomics by identifying endometrial epithelial cellular and secreted protein changes in response to ovarian steroid hormones and pregnancy hormones that are essential for receptivity and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Hong P T Nguyen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research (previously Prince Henry's Institute), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Jemma Evans
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research (previously Prince Henry's Institute), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research (previously Prince Henry's Institute), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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30
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Murine models of breast cancer bone metastasis. BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:804. [PMID: 27867497 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastases cause significant morbidity and mortality in late-stage breast cancer patients and are currently considered incurable. Investigators rely on translational models to better understand the pathogenesis of skeletal complications of malignancy in order to identify therapeutic targets that may ultimately prevent and treat solid tumor metastasis to bone. Many experimental models of breast cancer bone metastases are in use today, each with its own caveats. In this methods review, we characterize the bone phenotype of commonly utilized human- and murine-derived breast cell lines that elicit osteoblastic and/or osteolytic destruction of bone in mice and report methods for optimizing tumor-take in murine models of bone metastasis. We then provide protocols for four of the most common xenograft and syngeneic inoculation routes for modeling breast cancer metastasis to the skeleton in mice, including the intra-cardiac, intra-arterial, orthotopic and intra-tibial methods of tumor cell injection. Recommendations for in vivo and ex vivo assessment of tumor progression and bone destruction are provided, followed by discussion of the strengths and limitations of the available tools and translational models that aid investigators in the study of breast cancer metastasis to bone.
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31
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Abstract
The interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines that protect against disease by direct effects on target cells and by activating immune responses. The production and actions of IFNs are finely tuned to achieve maximal protection and avoid the potential toxicity associated with excessive responses. IFNs are back in the spotlight owing to mounting evidence that is reshaping how we can exploit this pathway therapeutically. As IFNs can be produced by, and act on, both tumour cells and immune cells, understanding this reciprocal interaction will enable the development of improved single-agent or combination therapies that exploit IFN pathways and new 'omics'-based biomarkers to indicate responsive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Cyclophilin A promotes cell migration via the Abl-Crk signaling pathway. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 12:117-23. [PMID: 26656091 PMCID: PMC4718742 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CypA) is overexpressed in a number of human cancer types, but the mechanisms by which the protein promotes oncogenic properties of cells are not understood. Here we demonstrate that CypA binds the CrkII adaptor protein and prevents it from switching to the inhibited state. CrkII influences cell motility and invasion by mediating signaling through its SH2 and SH3 domains. CrkII Tyr221 phosphorylation by the Abl or EGFR kinases induces an inhibited state of CrkII by means of an intramolecular SH2-pTyr221 interaction, causing signaling interruption. We show that the CrkII phosphorylation site constitutes a binding site for CypA. Recruitment of CypA sterically restricts the accessibility of Tyr221 to kinases, thereby suppressing CrkII phosphorylation and promoting the active state. Structural, biophysical and in vivo data show that CypA augments CrkII-mediated signaling. A strong stimulation of cell migration is observed in cancer cells wherein both CypA and CrkII are greatly upregulated.
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33
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The role of CRKL in breast cancer metastasis: insights from systems biology. SYSTEMS AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 2015; 9:141-146. [PMID: 28392847 DOI: 10.1007/s11693-015-9180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis is a complex and still weakly understood process that involves diverse cellular pathways. It accounts for the majority of deaths from breast cancer. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, have been shown to be involved in breast cancer metastasis. In particular, in a recent work it has been found that miR-429 may have a role in the inhibition of migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Its target gene CRKL has been identified as a potential candidate. In this paper, by using systems biology tools we have shown that CRKL is involved in positive regulation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway and contribute to the regulation of LYN through a topological generalization of feed forward loop.
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34
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Calderón-González KG, Valero Rustarazo ML, Labra-Barrios ML, Bazán-Méndez CI, Tavera-Tapia A, Herrera-Aguirre ME, Sánchez del Pino MM, Gallegos-Pérez JL, González-Márquez H, Hernández-Hernández JM, León-Ávila G, Rodríguez-Cuevas S, Guisa-Hohenstein F, Luna-Arias JP. Determination of the protein expression profiles of breast cancer cell lines by quantitative proteomics using iTRAQ labelling and tandem mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2015; 124:50-78. [PMID: 25918110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Breast cancer is the principal cancer in women worldwide. Although there are serum tumor markers such as CEA and HER2, they are detected in advanced stages of the disease and used as progression and recurrence markers. Therefore, there is a necessity for the identification of new markers that might lead to an early detection and also provide evidence of an effective treatment. The aim of this work was to determine the differential protein expression profiles of four breast cancer cell lines in comparison to a normal control cell line by iTRAQ labelling and tandem mass spectrometry, in order to identify putative biomarkers of the disease. We identified 1,020 iTRAQ-labelled polypeptides with at least one peptide identified with more than 95% in confidence. Overexpressed polypeptides in all cancer cell lines were 78, whilst the subexpressed were 128. We categorised them with PANTHER program into biological processes, being the metabolic pathways the most affected. We detected six groups of proteins with the STRING program involved in DNA topology, glycolysis, translation initiation, splicing, pentose pathway, and proteasome degradation. The main subexpressed protein network included mitochondrial proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. We propose BAG6, DDX39, ANXA8 and COX4 as putative biomarkers in breast cancer. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE We report a set of differentially expressed proteins in the MCF7 and T47D (Luminal A), MDA-MB-231 (Claudin low) and SK-BR-3 (HER2(+)) breast cancer cell lines that have not been previously reported in breast cancer disease. From these proteins, we propose BAG6, DDX39, ANXA8 and COX4 as putative biomarkers in breast cancer. On the other hand, we propose sets of unique polypeptides in each breast cancer cell line that can be useful in the classification of different subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Grisel Calderón-González
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, México, D. F., México.
| | - Ma Luz Valero Rustarazo
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/Rambla del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, España.
| | - Maria Luisa Labra-Barrios
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D. F., México.
| | - César Isaac Bazán-Méndez
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D. F., México.
| | - Alejandra Tavera-Tapia
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D. F., México.
| | - Maria Esther Herrera-Aguirre
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D. F., México.
| | - Manuel M Sánchez del Pino
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/Rambla del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, España.
| | | | - Humberto González-Márquez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, México, D. F., México.
| | - Jose Manuel Hernández-Hernández
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D. F., México.
| | - Gloria León-Ávila
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340, México, D. F., México.
| | - Sergio Rodríguez-Cuevas
- Instituto de Enfermedades de la Mama, Fundación del Cáncer de Mama (FUCAM A.C.), Av. Bordo No. 100, Col. Viejo Ejido de Santa Ursula Coapa, Coyoacán, C.P. 04980, México, D. F., México.
| | - Fernando Guisa-Hohenstein
- Instituto de Enfermedades de la Mama, Fundación del Cáncer de Mama (FUCAM A.C.), Av. Bordo No. 100, Col. Viejo Ejido de Santa Ursula Coapa, Coyoacán, C.P. 04980, México, D. F., México.
| | - Juan Pedro Luna-Arias
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D. F., México.
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Matsumoto R, Tsuda M, Wang L, Maishi N, Abe T, Kimura T, Tanino M, Nishihara H, Hida K, Ohba Y, Shinohara N, Nonomura K, Tanaka S. Adaptor protein CRK induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of bladder cancer cells through HGF/c-Met feedback loop. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:709-717. [PMID: 25816892 PMCID: PMC4471787 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that an adaptor protein CRK, including CRK-I and CRK-II, plays essential roles in the malignant potential of various aggressive human cancers, suggesting the validity of targeting CRK in molecular targeted therapy of a wide range of cancers. Nevertheless, the role of CRK in human bladder cancer with marked invasion, characterized by distant metastasis and poor prognosis, remains obscure. In the present study, immunohistochemistry indicated a striking enhancement of CRK-I/-II, but not CRK-like, in human bladder cancer tissues compared to normal urothelium. We established CRK-knockdown bladder cancer cells using 5637 and UM-UC-3, which showed a significant decline in cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. It is noteworthy that an elimination of CRK conferred suppressed phosphorylation of c-Met and the downstream scaffold protein Gab1 in a hepatocyte growth factor-dependent and -independent manner. In epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related molecules, E-cadherin was upregulated by CRK elimination, whereas N-cadherin, vimentin, and Zeb1 were downregulated. A similar effect was observed following treatment with c-Met inhibitor SU11274. Depletion of CRK significantly decreased cell proliferation of 5637 and UM-UC-3, consistent with reduced activity of ERK. An orthotopic xenograft model with bioluminescent imaging revealed that CRK knockdown significantly attenuated not only tumor volume but also the number of circulating tumor cells, resulted in a complete abrogation of metastasis. Taken together, this evidence uncovered essential roles of CRK in invasive bladder cancer through the hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met/CRK feedback loop for epithelial–mesenchymal transition induction. Thus, CRK might be a potent molecular target in bladder cancer, particularly for preventing metastasis, leading to the resolution of clinically longstanding critical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Matsumoto
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Translational Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nako Maishi
- Division of Vascular Biology, Hokkaido University IGM Institute for Genetic Medicine Frontier Research Unit, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashige Abe
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taichi Kimura
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mishie Tanino
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Translational Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Division of Vascular Biology, Hokkaido University IGM Institute for Genetic Medicine Frontier Research Unit, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Translational Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Nie W, Song W, Zhang W, Wang Y, Zhu A, Shao J, Guan X. miR-1470 mediates lapatinib induced p27 upregulation by targeting c-jun. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1630-9. [PMID: 25545366 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Nie
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital; School of Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital; School of Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital; School of Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Aiyu Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital; School of Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Jiaqing Shao
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital; School of Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology; Jinling Hospital; School of Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital; School of Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing P.R. China
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37
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Racedo S, McDonald-McGinn D, Chung J, Goldmuntz E, Zackai E, Emanuel B, Zhou B, Funke B, Morrow B. Mouse and human CRKL is dosage sensitive for cardiac outflow tract formation. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:235-44. [PMID: 25658046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The human chromosome 22q11.2 region is susceptible to rearrangements during meiosis leading to velo-cardio-facial/DiGeorge/22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) characterized by conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) and other congenital anomalies. The majority of individuals have a 3 Mb deletion whose proximal region contains the presumed disease-associated gene TBX1 (T-box 1). Although a small subset have proximal nested deletions including TBX1, individuals with distal deletions that exclude TBX1 have also been identified. The deletions are flanked by low-copy repeats (LCR22A, B, C, D). We describe cardiac phenotypes in 25 individuals with atypical distal nested deletions within the 3 Mb region that do not include TBX1 including 20 with LCR22B to LCR22D deletions and 5 with nested LCR22C to LCR22D deletions. Together with previous reports, 12 of 37 (32%) with LCR22B-D deletions and 5 of 34 (15%) individuals with LCR22C-D deletions had CTDs including tetralogy of Fallot. In the absence of TBX1, we hypothesized that CRKL (Crk-like), mapping to the LCR22C-D region, might contribute to the cardiac phenotype in these individuals. We created an allelic series in mice of Crkl, including a hypomorphic allele, to test for gene expression effects on phenotype. We found that the spectrum of heart defects depends on Crkl expression, occurring with analogous malformations to that in human individuals, suggesting that haploinsufficiency of CRKL could be responsible for the etiology of CTDs in individuals with nested distal deletions and might act as a genetic modifier of individuals with the typical 3 Mb deletion.
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Koptyra M, Park TJ, Curran T. Crk and CrkL are required for cell transformation by v-fos and v-ras. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:97-104. [PMID: 25557916 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Crk and CrkL are SH2- and SH3-containing cytosolic adaptor proteins that can induce anchorage-independent growth of fibroblasts. Crk and CrkL play key roles in maintaining cytoskeletal integrity, cell motility and migration. We investigated the role of these two proteins in oncogenic transformation induced by v-fos and v-ras oncogenes using cell lines and fibroblasts carrying conditional alleles of Crk or CrkL. Transformation was assessed by cell morphology, saturation density and anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. We found that cell lines expressing v-fos or v-ras in the absence of Crk or CrkL displayed no evident morphological alterations and reduced anchorage-independent growth compared to those retaining Crk and CrkL. Similarly, overexpression of v-fos in mouse embryonic fibroblasts conferred a growth advantage and induced morphological changes, both of which were abrogated in the absence of either Crk or CrkL. In contrast, Crk, but not CrkL, contributed to v-ras-induced transformation of embryonic fibroblasts. These results suggest that both Crk and CrkL are required for the acquisition of cellular transformation by v-fos, whereas Crk plays a more prominent role than CrkL in v-ras-induced transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Koptyra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tae-Ju Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tom Curran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Lian X, Jiao Y, Yang Y, Wang Z, Xuan Q, Liu H, Lu S, Wang Z, Liu Y, Li S, Yang Y, Guo L, Zhao L, Zhang Q. CrkL regulates SDF-1-induced breast cancer biology through balancing Erk1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways. Med Oncol 2014; 32:411. [PMID: 25476480 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The adapter protein CrkL is required for regulating the malignant potential of human cancers. However, the regulatory mechanisms of CrkL on the stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXCR4 signaling pathways in breast cancer are not well characterized. Here, CXCR4 and CrkL proteins were tested in breast cancer cell lines and 60 primary breast cancer tissues. In vitro, the roles of CrkL in SDF-1-induced MDA-MB-231 cell cycle, invasion and migration were investigated. In the present study, CXCR4 and CrkL were highly expressed in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-231HM MDA-MB-468 and tumor tissues (80 and 60 %, respectively) and closely correlated with lymph node metastasis. In vitro studies revealed that SDF-1 induced the activation of CrkL, Erk1/2, Akt and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) in MDA-MB-231 cells. The si-CrkL treatment significantly down-regulated the phosphorylated Erk1/2 (p-Erk1/2) and MMP9, but up-regulated p-Akt, compared with control. Importantly, wound-healing and transwell invasion assays showed that si-CrkL significantly impaired the wound closure and inhibited the SDF-1-induced invasion; similarly, flow cytometry showed that si-CrkL affected cell cycle. In conclusion, these results suggest that CrkL plays a regulatory role in the SDF-1-induced Erk1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways and further managed the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. Thus, CrkL may be recommended as an interesting therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Haping Road 150 of Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
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Kumar S, Fajardo JE, Birge RB, Sriram G. Crk at the quarter century mark: perspectives in signaling and cancer. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:819-25. [PMID: 24356912 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Crk adaptor protein, discovered 25 years ago as the transforming gene (v-crk) product encoded by the CT10 avian retrovirus, has made a great impact on the field of signal transduction. By encoding an oncoprotein that contained a viral gag protein fused to only SH2 and SH3 domains, v-Crk demonstrated the significance of SH2 and SH3 domains in oncogenic signaling by their virtue of binding in a sequence-specific context to organize and assemble protein networks. In more recent years, the cellular homologs of Crk (Crk II, Crk I, and CrkL) have been extensively studied, and shown to have critical functions in a wide spectrum of biological and pathological processes that include cell motility, invasion, survival, bacterial pathogenesis, and the efferocytosis of apoptotic cells. Clinically, Crk proteins are implicated in the aggressive behavior of human cancers, including adenocarcinomas of the lung, breast, and stomach, as well as in sarcomas and gliomas. Over-expression of Crk proteins in human cancers has led to a renewed interest in both their signal transduction pathways and mechanisms of up-regulation. This prospect summarizes recent developments in Crk biology, including new structural and biochemical roles for the atypical carboxyl-terminal SH3 (SH3C) domain, revelations regarding the molecular differences between Crk II and Crk L, and the significance of Crk expression in stratified human tumor samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers School of Biomedical and Health Sciences-Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey, 07103
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CRKL protein overexpression enhances cell proliferation and invasion in pancreatic cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1015-22. [PMID: 25318601 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CRKL is an adapter protein which is overexpressed in many malignant tumors and plays crucial roles in tumor progression. However, expression pattern and biological roles of CRKL in pancreatic cancer have not been examined. In the present study, we found that CRKL expression in pancreatic cancer specimens was higher than that in normal pancreatic tissues. Colony formation assay and Matrigel invasion assay showed that the overexpression of CRKL in Bxpc3 and Capan2 cell lines with low endogenous expression increased cell proliferation and invasion. Flow cytometry showed that CRKL promoted cell proliferation by facilitating cell cycle. Further analysis of cell cycle- and invasion-related molecules showed that CRKL upregulated cyclin D1, cyclin A, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression, and phosphorylated extracellular signal (ERK)-regulated kinase. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that CRKL was overexpressed in human pancreatic cancers and contributed to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and invasion through ERK signaling.
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Cheng S, Guo J, Yang Q, Han L. Crk-like adapter protein is required for TGF-β-induced AKT and ERK-signaling pathway in epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:915-9. [PMID: 25307974 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Crk-like adapter protein (CrkL) was identified as an important biomarker in epithelial ovarian carcinomas. At the same time, the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway plays a key role in oncogenesis of advanced cancers. However, more detailed regulation mechanisms are still unclear. So we investigated the role of CrkL in TGF-β pathways in epithelial ovarian carcinomas. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to suppress CrkL in serous papillary cystic adenocarcinoma (SKOV-3) cell line, TGF-β downstream signal molecules AKT and ERK phosphorylation status was tested using the Western blot. Wound healing assay was used to evaluate the capacity of cell migration and proliferation. In this study, CrkL can be activated by TGF-β1 treatment and inhibited by siCrkL. CrkL knockdown markedly suppressed the phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) as well as the phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) (p < 0.001) compared with control or TGF-β1 alone. On the other hand, CrkL knockdown could significantly affect SKOV3 wound closure (p < 0.001) using wound healing assay compared to siControl. In conclusion, CrkL protein is required for TGF-β signal pathways through AKT and ERK pathway, which can mediate the development of epithelial ovarian carcinomas. CrkL plays a key regulation role in TGF-β signaling pathway of epithelial ovarian carcinomas, and this study suggested CrkL could be suggested as an efficient target in ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomei Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 38# Wuyingshan Road, 250031, Jinan, Shandong, China,
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Abstract
![]()
The Crk adaptor proteins play a central
role as a molecular timer
for the formation of protein complexes including various growth and
differentiation factors. The loss of regulation of Crk results in
many kinds of cancers. A self-regulatory mechanism for Crk was recently
proposed, which involves domain–domain rearrangement. It is
initiated by a cis–trans isomerization of a specific proline
residue (Pro238 in chicken Crk II) and can be accelerated by Cyclophilin
A. To understand how the proline switch controls the autoinhibition
at the molecular level, we performed large-scale molecular dynamics
and metadynamics simulations in the context of short peptides and
multidomain constructs of chicken Crk II. We found that the equilibrium
and kinetic properties of the macrostates are regulated not only by
the local environments of specified prolines but also by the global
organization of multiple domains. We observe the two macrostates (cis
closed/autoinhibited and trans open/uninhibited) consistent with NMR
experiments and predict barriers. We also propose an intermediate
state, the trans closed state, which interestingly was reported to
be a prevalent state in human Crk II. The existence of this macrostate
suggests that the rate of switching off the autoinhibition by Cyp
A may be limited by the relaxation rate of this intermediate state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Park TJ, Curran T. Essential roles of Crk and CrkL in fibroblast structure and motility. Oncogene 2013; 33:5121-32. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ward JD, Dhanasekaran DN. LPA Stimulates the Phosphorylation of p130Cas via Gαi2 in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Genes Cancer 2013; 3:578-91. [PMID: 23486563 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913475360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecological cancer, with previous studies implicating lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in the progression of approximately 90% of all ovarian cancers. LPA potently stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas, a scaffolding protein, which, upon phosphorylation, recruits an array of signaling molecules to promote tumor cell migration. Our work presented here identifies Gαi2 as the major G protein involved in tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas in a panel of ovarian cancer cells consisting of HeyA8, SKOV3, and OVCA429. Our results also indicate that the G12 family of G proteins that are also involved in LPA-mediated migration inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas. Using p130Cas siRNA, we demonstrate that p130Cas is a necessary downstream component of LPA Gαi2-induced migration and collagen-1 invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Considering the fact that LPA stimulates invasive migration through the coordination of multiple downstream signaling pathways, our current study identifies a separate unique signaling node involving p130Cas and Gαi2 in mediating LPA-mediated invasive migration of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Ward
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA ; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Abstract
The Crk family of adaptor proteins (CrkI, CrkII, and CrkL), originally discovered as the oncogene fusion product, v-Crk, of the CT10 chicken retrovirus, lacks catalytic activity but engages with multiple signaling pathways through their SH2 and SH3 domains. Crk proteins link upstream tyrosine kinase and integrin-dependent signals to downstream effectors, acting as adaptors in diverse signaling pathways and cellular processes. Crk proteins are now recognized to play a role in the malignancy of many human cancers, stimulating renewed interest in their mechanism of action in cancer progression. The contribution of Crk signaling to malignancy has been predominantly studied in fibroblasts and in hematopoietic models and more recently in epithelial models. A mechanistic understanding of Crk proteins in cancer progression in vivo is still poorly understood in part due to the highly pleiotropic nature of Crk signaling. Recent advances in the structural organization of Crk domains, new roles in kinase regulation, and increased knowledge of the mechanisms and frequency of Crk overexpression in human cancers have provided an incentive for further study in in vivo models. An understanding of the mechanisms through which Crk proteins act as oncogenic drivers could have important implications in therapeutic targeting.
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Kuchuk I, Simos D, Addison C, Clemons M. A national portfolio of bone oncology trials-The Canadian experience in 2012. J Bone Oncol 2012; 1:95-100. [PMID: 26909263 PMCID: PMC4723348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of both cancer and its treatment on bone is an essential component of oncological practice. Bone oncology not only affects patients with both early stage and metastatic disease but also covers the entire spectrum of tumour types. We therefore decided to review and summarise bone oncology-related trials that are currently being conducted in Canada. METHOD We assessed ongoing and recently completed trials in Canada. We used available North American and Canadian cancer trial websites and also contacted known investigators in this field for their input. RESULTS Twenty seven clinical trials were identified. Seven pertained to local treatment of bone metastasis from any solid tumour type. Seven were systemic treatment trials, five focused on bone biology and predictive factors, three evaluated safety of bone-targeted agents, three were adjuvant trials and two trials investigated impact of cancer therapy on bone health. The majority of trials were related to systemic treatment and bone biology in breast cancer. Most were small, single centre, grant-funded studies. Not surprisingly the larger safety and adjuvant studies were pharmaceutical company driven. DISCUSSION Despite the widespread interest in bone-targeted therapies our survey would suggest that most studies are single centre and breast cancer focused. If major advances in bone oncology are to be made then collaborative strategies are needed to not only increase current sample sizes but to also expand these studies into non-breast cancer populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Kuchuk
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre & Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - D. Simos
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre & Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - C.L. Addison
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M. Clemons
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre & Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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