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Lin PH, Hsieh CH, Yu KJ, Shao IH, Chuang CK, Hsu T, Weng WH, Pang ST. AP-2α gene deregulation is associated with renal cell carcinoma patient survival. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:966. [PMID: 39112969 PMCID: PMC11304775 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), one of the most fatal urologic tumors, accounts for approximately 3% of all adult cancers and exhibits a high metastatic index at diagnosis and a high rate of relapse. Radical or partial nephrectomy is a curative option for nonmetastatic RCCs. Targeted therapy has been shown to improve the survival of patients with metastatic RCCs. However, the underlying cellular and molecular events associated with RCC pathogenesis are not well known. METHODS To investigate the clinical role of the transcription factor activator protein (AP)-2α in RCC, methylated CpG island recovery assays and microarray analysis were employed. COBRA and RT‒qPCR assays were performed to assess AP-2α expression in RCC. RESULTS A negative correlation was noted between AP-2α mRNA expression levels and methylation status. Multivariate analyses showed that AP-2α mRNA was a major risk factor not only for overall and disease-free survival in RCC but also for disease-free survival in clear cell RCC. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that AP-2α expression was deregulated in RCC and associated with overall patient survival and disease-free survival. Such findings suggest that AP-2α might play an important role in the pathogenesis of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hung Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou Branch. No. 5, Fushing St, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsuan Hsieh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou Branch. No. 5, Fushing St, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jie Yu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou Branch. No. 5, Fushing St, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - I-Hung Shao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou Branch. No. 5, Fushing St, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Keng Chuang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou Branch. No. 5, Fushing St, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Todd Hsu
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - See-Tong Pang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou Branch. No. 5, Fushing St, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Yuan BT, Li MN, Zhu LP, Xu ML, Gu J, Gao YJ, Ma LJ. TFAP2A is involved in neuropathic pain by regulating Grin1 expression in glial cells of the dorsal root ganglion. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 227:116427. [PMID: 39009095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a highly prevalent and refractory condition, yet its mechanism remains poorly understood. While NR1, the essential subunit of NMDA receptors, has long been recognized for its pivotal role in nociceptive transmission, its involvement in presynaptic stimulation is incompletely elucidated. Transcription factors can regulate the expression of both pro-nociceptive and analgesic factors. Our study shows that transcription factor TFAP2A was up-regulated in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, satellite glial cells (SGCs), and Schwann cells following spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Intrathecal injection of siRNA targeting Tfap2a immediately or 7 days after SNL effectively alleviated SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity and reduced Tfap2a expression levels. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TFAP2A may regulate the expression of the Grin1 gene, which encodes NR1. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed TFAP2A's positive regulation of Grin1 expression. Notably, both Tfap2a and Grin1 were expressed in the primary SGCs and upregulated by lipopolysaccharides. The expression of Grin1 was also down-regulated in the DRG following Tfap2a knockdown. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of siRNA targeting Grin1 immediately or 7 days post-SNL effectively alleviated SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Finally, intrathecal Tfap2a siRNA alleviated SNL-induced neuronal hypersensitivity, and incubation of primary SGCs with Tfap2a siRNA decreased NMDA-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our study reveals the role of TFAP2A-Grin1 in regulating neuropathic pain in peripheral glia, offering a new strategy for the development of novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Tong Yuan
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Meng-Na Li
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Lin-Peng Zhu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Meng-Lin Xu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Ling-Jie Ma
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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Zheng Y, Yang W, Wu W, Jin F, Lu D, Gao J, Wang S. Diagnostic and predictive significance of the ferroptosis-related gene TXNIP in lung adenocarcinoma stem cells based on multi-omics. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101926. [PMID: 38615437 PMCID: PMC11033204 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer stands as the foremost cause of cancer-related fatalities globally. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) poses a challenge, rendering current targeted tumor therapies ineffective. This study endeavors to investigate a novel therapeutic approach focusing on ferroptosis and delves into the expression of ferroptosis-related genes within lung CSCs. METHODS We systematically examined RNA-seq datasets derived from lung tumor cells (LTCs) and lung cancer stem cells (LSCs), as previously investigated in our research. Our focus was on analyzing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to ferroptosis. Utilizing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO), we conducted functional analysis of these ferroptosis-related DEGs. Additionally, we employed protein‒protein interaction networks to identify hub genes. LC‒MS/MS analysis of LTCs and LSCs was conducted to pinpoint the crucial ferroptosis-related gene-thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP).Further, we delved into the immune cell infiltration landscape of LTCs and LSCs, examining the correlation between TXNIP and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. To complement these findings, we measured the expression levels of TXNIP, glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in LUAD tissues through immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. RESULTS A total of 651 DEGs were identified, with 17 of them being ferroptosis-related DEGs. These seventeen genes were categorized into four groups: driver genes, suppressor genes, unclassified genes, and inducer genes. Enrichment analysis revealed significant associations with oxidative stress, cell differentiation, tissue development, and cell death processes. The RNA-seq analysis demonstrated consistent gene expression patterns with protein expression, as evidenced by mass spectrometry analysis. Among the identified genes, SFN and TXNIP were singled out as hub genes, with TXNIP showing particularly noteworthy expression. The expression of the ferroptosis-related gene TXNIP exhibited correlations with the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, TNM stages, and the degree of histological differentiation.Also, the ferroptosis-markers GPX4 and NCOA4 displayed correlations with LUAD. This comprehensive analysis underscores the significance of TXNIP in the context of ferroptosis-related processes and their potential implications in cancer development and progression. CONCLUSION The investigation conducted in this study systematically delved into the role of the ferroptosis-related gene TXNIP in Lung CSCs. The identification of TXNIP as a potentially valuable biomarker in this context could have significant implications for refining prognostic assessments and optimizing therapeutic strategies for advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Weixuan Wu
- Department of General Practice, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital),Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Dehua Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China.
| | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China.
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Shang B, Yang R, Lian K, Dong L, Liu H, Wang T, Yang G, Xi K, Xu X, Cheng Y. Family-based genetic analysis in schizophrenia by whole-exome sequence to identify rare pathogenic variants. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024; 195:e32968. [PMID: 38293813 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although several studies have been conducted to identify the causative loci and genes, few of these loci or genes can be repeated due to the high phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of disease, and their mechanisms are not fully understood. There may be some "missing heritability" that has not yet been found. In order to investigate the deleterious heritable mutations, whole-exome sequencing (WES) in pedigrees with SCZ was used in the current work. Two unrelated pedigrees with SCZ were recruited to perform WES. Genetic analysis was next performed to find potential variants in accordance with the prioritized strategy. Followed by genetic analysis to detect candidate variants according to the prioritized strategy. Next, a series of algorithms was used to predict the pathogenicity of variants. Sanger sequencing was finally conducted to verify the co-segregation. Recessive mutations in six genes (TFEB, SNAI2, TFAP2B, PRKDC, ST18 in Pedigree 1 and PKHD1L1 in Pedigree 2) that co-segregated with SCZ in two families were discovered through genetic analysis by WES. Sanger sequencing verified that all of the mutations in the affected siblings were homozygous. These results corroborated the hypothesis that SCZ exhibits strong heterogeneity and complex inheritance patterns. The newly discovered homozygous variations deepen our understanding of the mutation spectrum and offer more proof for the involvement of TFEB, SNAI2, TFAP2B, PRKDC, ST18, and PKHD1L1 in the development of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binli Shang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Runxu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan medical Centre for Mental Health, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Lian
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | | | | | | | - Kang Xi
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan medical Centre for Mental Health, Kunming, China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan medical Centre for Mental Health, Kunming, China
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Zhang H, Raymundo JR, Daly KE, Zhu W, Senapati B, Zhong H, Ahilan AR, Marneros AG. AP-2α/AP-2β Transcription Factors Are Key Regulators of Epidermal Homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1505-1521.e12. [PMID: 38237728 PMCID: PMC11193656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
AP-2 transcription factors regulate ectodermal development, but their roles in epidermal homeostasis in adult skin are unknown. We find that AP-2α is the predominant AP-2 family member in adult epidermis, followed by AP-2β. Through inactivation of AP-2α, AP-2β, or both in keratinocytes, we assessed the effects of a gradient of epidermal AP-2 activity on skin function. We find that (i) loss of AP-2β in keratinocytes is compensated for by AP-2α, (ii) loss of AP-2α impairs terminal keratinocyte differentiation and hair morphogenesis, and (iii) the combined loss of AP-2α/AP-2β results in more severe skin and hair abnormalities. Keratinocyte differentiation defects precede progressive neutrophilic skin inflammation. Inducible inactivation of AP-2α/AP-2β in the adult phenocopies these manifestations. Transcriptomic analyses of epidermis lacking AP-2α or AP-2α/AP-2β in keratinocytes demonstrate a terminal keratinocyte differentiation defect with upregulation of alarmin keratins and of several immune pathway regulators. Moreover, our analyses suggest a key role of reduced AP-2α-dependent gene expression of CXCL14 and the keratin 15 gene K15 as an early pathogenic event toward the manifestation of skin inflammation. Thus, AP-2α and AP-2β are critical regulators of epidermal homeostasis in adult skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jackelyn R Raymundo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen E Daly
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univeristy, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bill Senapati
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanyu Zhong
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arjun R Ahilan
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander G Marneros
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
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Zhou YY, Zhao SY, Huang FJ, Zhang LJ, Liu YL, Wang J, Ma XJ. JPT2 in subclinical hypothyroidism-related miscarriage as a transcription co-factor: involvement of LEPR/STAT3 activation. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02343-0. [PMID: 38907823 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has been identified to be associated with implantation failure, in which the dysfunction of trophoblast cells is involved. In this study, the transcriptomics of aborted placenta from SCH rats were analyzed. Jupiter microtubule-associated homolog 2 (JPT2) was downregulated in the aborted placenta. This study aims to investigate its role in SCH-associated miscarriage. METHODS Spontaneous abortion was observed in SCH rats generated by thyroidectomy combined with levothyroxine administration. The transcriptomics analysis was performed using aborted placenta. Afterward, the effects of JPT2 on trophoblast cells were explored using gain-and loss-of-function experiments. RESULTS Transcriptomics analysis showed 1286 downregulated genes and 2300 upregulated genes in the aborted placenta, and JPT2 was significantly downregulated in the aborted placenta from SCH rats. Afterward, gain-and loss-of-function experiments exhibited that overexpression of JPT2 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, spheroid formation of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells and their attachment to endometrial stromal cells, while these biological behaviors were suppressed by JPT2 knockdown. Furthermore, JPT2 accelerated the transcription of leptin receptor (LEPR), and activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signal in a transcription factor AP-2γ-dependent manner. In addition, silencing of LEPR abolished the role of JPT2. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that JPT2, which was downregulated in the aborted placenta from SCH rats, promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, spheroid formation, and attachment of trophoblast cells via regulating LEPR/STAT3 axis as a transcription co-factor. It is indicated that low expression of JPT2 may contribute to the abortion in individuals with SCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - S-Y Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - F-J Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - L-J Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-L Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - X-J Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Fang Y, Wang Y, Ma H, Guo Y, Xu R, Chen X, Chen X, Lv Y, Li P, Gao Y. TFAP2A downregulation mediates tumor-suppressive effect of miR-8072 in triple-negative breast cancer via inhibiting SNAI1 transcription. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:103. [PMID: 38890750 PMCID: PMC11186287 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a highly aggressive subset of breast malignancies characterized by its challenging clinical management and unfavorable prognosis. While TFAP2A, a member of the AP-2 transcription factor family, has been implicated in maintaining the basal phenotype of breast cancer, its precise regulatory role in TNBC remains undefined. METHODS In vitro assessments of TNBC cell growth and migratory potential were conducted using MTS, colony formation, and EdU assays. Quantitative PCR was employed to analyze mRNA expression levels, while Western blot was utilized to evaluate protein expression and phosphorylation status of AKT and ERK. The post-transcriptional regulation of TFAP2A by miR-8072 and the transcriptional activation of SNAI1 by TFAP2A were investigated through luciferase reporter assays. A xenograft mouse model was employed to assess the in vivo growth capacity of TNBC cells. RESULTS Selective silencing of TFAP2A significantly impeded the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells, with elevated TFAP2A expression observed in breast cancer tissues. Notably, TNBC patients exhibiting heightened TFAP2A levels experienced abbreviated overall survival. Mechanistically, TFAP2A was identified as a transcriptional activator of SNAI1, a crucial regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cellular proliferation, thereby augmenting the oncogenic properties of TFAP2A in TNBC. Moreover, miR-8072 was unveiled as a negative regulator of TFAP2A, exerting potent inhibitory effects on TNBC cell growth and migration. Importantly, the tumor-suppressive actions mediated by the miR-8072/TFAP2A axis were intricately associated with the attenuation of AKT/ERK signaling cascades and the blockade of EMT processes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings unravel the role and underlying molecular mechanism of TFAP2A in driving tumorigenesis of TNBC. Targeting the TFAP2A/SNAI1 pathway and utilizing miR-8072 as a suppressor represent promising therapeutic strategies for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hongning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Central Laboratory of People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rongrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Lv
- Oncology Department of Cancer Hospital, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yujing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
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Scatturice LA, Vázquez N, Strobl-Mazzulla PH. miR-137 confers robustness to the territorial restriction of the neural plate border. Development 2024; 151:dev202344. [PMID: 38828854 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The neural plate border (NPB) of vertebrate embryos is segregated from the neural plate (NP) and epidermal regions, and comprises an intermingled group of progenitors with multiple fate potential. Recent studies have shown that, during the gastrula stage, TFAP2A acts as a pioneer factor in remodeling the epigenetic landscape required to activate components of the NPB induction program. Here, we show that chick Tfap2a has two highly conserved binding sites for miR-137, and both display a reciprocal expression pattern at the NPB and NP, respectively. In addition, ectopic miR-137 expression reduced TFAP2A, whereas its functional inhibition expanded their territorial distribution overlapping with PAX7. Furthermore, we demonstrate that loss of the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A expanded miR-137 expression to the NPB. Bisulfite sequencing revealed a markedly elevated presence of non-canonical CpH methylation within the miR-137 promoter region when comparing NPB and NP samples. Our findings show that miR-137 contributes to the robustness of NPB territorial restriction in vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Scatturice
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM). Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Buenos Aires 7130, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Vázquez
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM). Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Buenos Aires 7130, Argentina
| | - Pablo H Strobl-Mazzulla
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM). Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Buenos Aires 7130, Argentina
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9
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Dong YN, Mercado-Ayón E, Coulman J, Flatley L, Ngaba LV, Adeshina MW, Lynch DR. The Regulation of the Disease-Causing Gene FXN. Cells 2024; 13:1040. [PMID: 38920668 PMCID: PMC11202134 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused in almost all patients by expanded guanine-adenine-adenine (GAA) trinucleotide repeats within intron 1 of the FXN gene. This results in a relative deficiency of frataxin, a small nucleus-encoded mitochondrial protein crucial for iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Currently, there is only one medication, omaveloxolone, available for FRDA patients, and it is limited to patients 16 years of age and older. This necessitates the development of new medications. Frataxin restoration is one of the main strategies in potential treatment options as it addresses the root cause of the disease. Comprehending the control of frataxin at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational stages could offer potential therapeutic approaches for addressing the illness. This review aims to provide a general overview of the regulation of frataxin and its implications for a possible therapeutic treatment of FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Na Dong
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Coulman
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Liam Flatley
- The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucie Vanessa Ngaba
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Miniat W. Adeshina
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R. Lynch
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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10
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Qin Y, Ren J, Yu H, He X, Cheng S, Chen W, Yang Z, Sun F, Wang C, Yuan S, Chen P, Wu D, Ren F, Huang A, Chen J. HOXA-AS2 Epigenetically Inhibits HBV Transcription by Recruiting the MTA1-HDAC1/2 Deacetylase Complex to cccDNA Minichromosome. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306810. [PMID: 38647380 PMCID: PMC11200093 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Persistent transcription of HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is critical for chronic HBV infection. Silencing cccDNA transcription through epigenetic mechanisms offers an effective strategy to control HBV. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as important epigenetic regulators, have an unclear role in cccDNA transcription regulation. In this study, lncRNA sequencing (lncRNA seq) is conducted on five pairs of HBV-positive and HBV-negative liver tissue. Through analysis, HOXA-AS2 (HOXA cluster antisense RNA 2) is identified as a significantly upregulated lncRNA in HBV-infected livers. Further experiments demonstrate that HBV DNA polymerase (DNA pol) induces HOXA-AS2 after establishing persistent high-level HBV replication. Functional studies reveal that HOXA-AS2 physically binds to cccDNA and significantly inhibits its transcription. Mechanistically, HOXA-AS2 recruits the MTA1-HDAC1/2 deacetylase complex to cccDNA minichromosome by physically interacting with metastasis associated 1 (MTA1) subunit, resulting in reduced acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9ac) and lysine 27 (H3K27ac) associated with cccDNA and subsequently suppressing cccDNA transcription. Altogether, the study reveals a mechanism to self-limit HBV replication, wherein the upregulation of lncRNA HOXA-AS2, induced by HBV DNA pol, can epigenetically suppress cccDNA transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiPing Qin
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized TreatmentChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing400030China
| | - JiHua Ren
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - HaiBo Yu
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Xin He
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - ShengTao Cheng
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - WeiXian Chen
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - FengMing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education)College of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - ChunDuo Wang
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - SiYu Yuan
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Peng Chen
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - DaiQing Wu
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Fang Ren
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - AiLong Huang
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Juan Chen
- Institute for Viral HepatitisKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and EngineeringCollege of Biomedical EngineeringChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
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11
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Chang KH, Chen CM. The Role of NRF2 in Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:649. [PMID: 38929088 PMCID: PMC11200942 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders, a diverse group of neurodegenerative diseases, are caused by abnormal expansions within specific genes. These expansions trigger a cascade of cellular damage, including protein aggregation and abnormal RNA binding. A key contributor to this damage is oxidative stress, an imbalance of reactive oxygen species that harms cellular components. This review explores the interplay between oxidative stress and the NRF2 pathway in these disorders. NRF2 acts as the master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response, orchestrating the expression of enzymes that combat oxidative stress. Trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders often exhibit impaired NRF2 signaling, resulting in inadequate responses to excessive ROS production. NRF2 activation has been shown to upregulate antioxidative gene expression, effectively alleviating oxidative stress damage. NRF2 activators, such as omaveloxolone, vatiquinone, curcumin, sulforaphane, dimethyl fumarate, and resveratrol, demonstrate neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress in experimental cell and animal models of these diseases. However, translating these findings into successful clinical applications requires further research. In this article, we review the literature supporting the role of NRF2 in the pathogenesis of these diseases and the potential therapeutics of NRF2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Kueishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Kueishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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12
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Staebler S, Rottensteiner-Brandl U, El Ahmad Z, Kappelmann-Fenzl M, Arkudas A, Kengelbach-Weigand A, Bosserhoff AK, Schmidt SK. Transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 2ε (AP2ε) modulates phenotypic plasticity and progression of malignant melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:351. [PMID: 38773108 PMCID: PMC11109141 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, is often incurable once metastatic dissemination of cancer cells to distant organs has occurred. We investigated the role of Transcription Factor Activating Enhancer-Binding Protein 2ε (AP2ε) in the progression of metastatic melanoma. Here, we observed that AP2ε is a potent activator of metastasis and newly revealed AP2ε to be an important player in melanoma plasticity. High levels of AP2ε lead to worsened prognosis of melanoma patients. Using a transgenic melanoma mouse model with a specific loss of AP2ε expression, we confirmed the impact of AP2ε to modulate the dynamic switch from a migratory to a proliferative phenotype. AP2ε deficient melanoma cells show a severely reduced migratory potential in vitro and reduced metastatic behavior in vivo. Consistently, we revealed increased activity of AP2ε in quiescent and migratory cells compared to heterogeneously proliferating cells in bioprinted 3D models. In conclusion, these findings disclose a yet-unknown role of AP2ε in maintaining plasticity and migration in malignant melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Staebler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rottensteiner-Brandl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zubeir El Ahmad
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Dieter-Görlitz-Platz 1, 94469, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Kappelmann-Fenzl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Dieter-Görlitz-Platz 1, 94469, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen-Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Kengelbach-Weigand
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen-Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja-Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- CCC Erlangen-EMN: Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- CCC WERA: Comprehensive Cancer Center Alliance WERA (CCC WERA), 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- BZKF: Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Sonja K Schmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Lanoizelet M, Elkhoury Youhanna C, Roure A, Darras S. Molecular control of cellulosic fin morphogenesis in ascidians. BMC Biol 2024; 22:74. [PMID: 38561802 PMCID: PMC10986139 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tunicates form a group of filter-feeding marine animals closely related to vertebrates. They share with them a number of features such as a notochord and a dorsal neural tube in the tadpole larvae of ascidians, one of the three groups that make tunicates. However, a number of typical chordate characters have been lost in different branches of tunicates, a diverse and fast-evolving phylum. Consequently, the tunic, a sort of exoskeleton made of extracellular material including cellulose secreted by the epidermis, is the unifying character defining the tunicate phylum. In the larva of ascidians, the tunic differentiates in the tail into a median fin (with dorsal and ventral extended blades) and a caudal fin. RESULTS Here we have performed experiments in the ascidian Phallusia mammillata to address the molecular control of tunic 3D morphogenesis. We have demonstrated that the tail epidermis medio-lateral patterning essential for peripheral nervous system specification also controls tunic elongation into fins. More specifically, when tail epidermis midline identity was abolished by BMP signaling inhibition, or CRISPR/Cas9 inactivation of the transcription factor coding genes Msx or Klf1/2/4/17, median fin did not form. We postulated that this genetic program should regulate effectors of tunic secretion. We thus analyzed the expression and regulation in different ascidian species of two genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria, CesA coding for a cellulose synthase and Gh6 coding for a cellulase. We have uncovered an unexpected dynamic history of these genes in tunicates and high levels of variability in gene expression and regulation among ascidians. Although, in Phallusia, Gh6 has a regionalized expression in the epidermis compatible with an involvement in fin elongation, our functional studies indicate a minor function during caudal fin formation only. CONCLUSIONS Our study constitutes an important step in the study of the integration of HGT-acquired genes into developmental networks and a cellulose-based morphogenesis of extracellular material in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Lanoizelet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative Des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls/Mer, 66650, France.
- Present address: Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Christel Elkhoury Youhanna
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative Des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls/Mer, 66650, France
- Present address: Centre de Biologie Structurale, Univ Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U1054, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Agnès Roure
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative Des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls/Mer, 66650, France
| | - Sébastien Darras
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative Des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls/Mer, 66650, France.
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14
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Jantaravinid J, Tirawanchai N, Ampawong S, Kengkoom K, Somkasetrin A, Nakhonsri V, Aramwit P. Transcriptomic screening of novel targets of sericin in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5455. [PMID: 38443583 PMCID: PMC10914811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sericin, a natural protein derived from Bombyx mori, is known to ameliorate liver tissue damage; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to identify the possible novel targets of sericin in hepatocytes and related cellular pathways. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that a low dose of sericin resulted in 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) being upregulated and 68 DEGs being downregulated, while 61 DEGs were upregulated and 265 DEGs were downregulated in response to a high dose of sericin (FDR ≤ 0.05, fold change > 1.50). Functional analysis revealed that a low dose of sericin regulated pathways associated with the complement and coagulation cascade, metallothionine, and histone demethylate (HDMs), whereas a high dose of sericin was associated with pathways involved in lipid metabolism, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and autophagy. The gene network analysis highlighted twelve genes, A2M, SERPINA5, MT2A, MT1G, MT1E, ARID5B, POU2F1, APOB, TRAF6, HSPA8, FGFR1, and OGT, as novel targets of sericin. Network analysis of transcription factor activity revealed that sericin affects NFE2L2, TFAP2C, STAT1, GATA3, CREB1 and CEBPA. Additionally, the protective effects of sericin depended on the counterregulation of APOB, POU2F1, OGT, TRAF6, and HSPA5. These findings suggest that sericin exerts hepatoprotective effects through diverse pathways at different doses, providing novel potential targets for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Jantaravinid
- Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Napatara Tirawanchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2, Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Kengkoom
- Research and Academic Support Office, National Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, 999, Salaya, Puttamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Anchaleekorn Somkasetrin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2, Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Vorthunju Nakhonsri
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 144 Innovation Cluster 2 Building (INC) Tower A, Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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15
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Daric V, Lanoizelet M, Mayeur H, Leblond C, Darras S. Genomic Resources and Annotations for a Colonial Ascidian, the Light-Bulb Sea Squirt Clavelina lepadiformis. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae038. [PMID: 38441487 PMCID: PMC10950049 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascidian embryos have been studied since the birth of experimental embryology at the end of the 19th century. They represent textbook examples of mosaic development characterized by a fast development with very few cells and invariant cleavage patterns and lineages. Ascidians belong to tunicates, the vertebrate sister group, and their study is essential to shed light on the emergence of vertebrates. Importantly, deciphering developmental gene regulatory networks has been carried out mostly in two of the three ascidian orders, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. To infer ancestral developmental programs in ascidians, it is thus essential to carry out molecular embryology in the third ascidian order, the Aplousobranchia. Here, we present genomic resources for the colonial aplousobranch Clavelina lepadiformis: a transcriptome produced from various embryonic stages, and an annotated genome. The assembly consists of 184 contigs making a total of 233.6 Mb with a N50 of 8.5 Mb and a L50 of 11. The 32,318 predicted genes capture 96.3% of BUSCO orthologs. We further show that these resources are suitable to study developmental gene expression and regulation in a comparative framework within ascidians. Additionally, they will prove valuable for evolutionary and ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Daric
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), F-66650 Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Maxence Lanoizelet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), F-66650 Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Hélène Mayeur
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), F-66650 Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Cécile Leblond
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), F-66650 Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Sébastien Darras
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), F-66650 Banyuls/Mer, France
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16
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Sakai R, Fujiwara K, Nagasaki-Maeoka E, Inagaki Y, Yamaoka B, Muto-Fujita E, Kamidaki Y, Koshinaga T, Uehara S, Takayama T, Sato S. Knockdown of TFAP2E results in rapid G 2/M transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:128. [PMID: 38333638 PMCID: PMC10851330 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
TFAP2E is a member of the activator protein-2 transcription factor family and acts as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer. Downregulation of TFAP2E expression is significantly associated with a shorter overall survival period in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To evaluate the molecular mechanisms by which TFAP2E suppresses the development or progression of OSCC, the present study investigated the effects of TFAP2E downregulation on OSCC-derived Ca9-22 and HSC-4 cells. The present study demonstrated that small interfering RNA mediated-knockdown of TFAP2E accelerated the proliferation of these OSCC cell lines compared with that in the control group, as determined by the standard water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 assay. To analyze the cell cycle progression rate, the cell cycle distribution patterns of TFAP2E-knockdown and control cells cultured in the presence of nocodazole, which prevents the completion of mitosis, were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting at different time points. When analyzing cellular DNA contents, no major differences in cell cycle profiles were observed; however, the rate of increase in cells positive for histone H3 Serine 28 phosphorylation, a standard molecular marker of early M phase, was significantly higher in TFAP2E-knockdown cells than in the control cells. Collectively, these results suggested that TFAP2E may attenuate the proliferation of OSCC cells by regulating G2/M transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sakai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Applied Oral Science, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujiwara
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Eri Nagasaki-Maeoka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Inagaki
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0032, Japan
| | - Bin Yamaoka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0032, Japan
| | - Eri Muto-Fujita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0032, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamidaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0032, Japan
| | - Tsugumichi Koshinaga
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0032, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Uehara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0032, Japan
| | - Tadateru Takayama
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0032, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Division of Applied Oral Science, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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17
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Niu C, Wen H, Wang S, Shu G, Wang M, Yi H, Guo K, Pan Q, Yin G. Potential prognosis and immunotherapy predictor TFAP2A in pan-cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1021-1048. [PMID: 38265973 PMCID: PMC10866441 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TFAP2A is critical in regulating the expression of various genes, affecting various biological processes and driving tumorigenesis and tumor development. However, the significance of TFAP2A in carcinogenesis processes remains obscure. METHODS In our study, we explored multiple databases including TCGA, GTEx, HPA, cBioPortal, TCIA, and other well-established databases for further analysis to expound TFAP2A expression, genetic alternations, and their relationship with the prognosis and cellular signaling network alternations. GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis as well as GSEA were conducted to examine the common functions of TFAP2A. RT-qPCR, Western Blot and Dual Luciferase Reporter assay were employed to perform experimental validation. RESULTS TFAP2A mRNA expression level was upregulated and its genetic alternations were frequently present in most cancer types. The enrichment analysis results prompted us to investigate the changes in the tumor immune microenvironment further. We discovered that the expression of TFAP2A was significantly associated with the expression of immune checkpoint genes, immune subtypes, ESTIMATE scores, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the possible role of TFAP2A in predicting immunotherapy efficacy. In addition, high TFAP2A expression significantly correlated with several ICP genes, and promoted the expression of PD-L1 on mRNA and protein levels through regulating its expression at the transcriptional level. TFAP2A protein level was upregulated in fresh colon tumor tissue samples compared to that in the adjacent normal tissues, which essentially positively correlated with the expression of PD-L1. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that targeting TFAP2A may provide a novel and effective strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Niu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haixuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shutong Wang
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Shu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maonan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanxi Yi
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Balderson B, Fane M, Harvey TJ, Piper M, Smith A, Bodén M. Systematic analysis of the transcriptional landscape of melanoma reveals drug-target expression plasticity. Brief Funct Genomics 2024:elad055. [PMID: 38183207 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma originates from melanocytes of the skin. Melanoma metastasis results in poor treatment prognosis for patients and is associated with epigenetic and transcriptional changes that reflect the developmental program of melanocyte differentiation from neural crest stem cells. Several studies have explored melanoma transcriptional heterogeneity using microarray, bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing technologies to derive data-driven models of the transcriptional-state change which occurs during melanoma progression. No study has systematically examined how different models of melanoma progression derived from different data types, technologies and biological conditions compare. Here, we perform a cross-sectional study to identify averaging effects of bulk-based studies that mask and distort apparent melanoma transcriptional heterogeneity; we describe new transcriptionally distinct melanoma cell states, identify differential co-expression of genes between studies and examine the effects of predicted drug susceptibilities of different cell states between studies. Importantly, we observe considerable variability in drug-target gene expression between studies, indicating potential transcriptional plasticity of melanoma to down-regulate these drug targets and thereby circumvent treatment. Overall, observed differences in gene co-expression and predicted drug susceptibility between studies suggest bulk-based transcriptional measurements do not reliably gauge heterogeneity and that melanoma transcriptional plasticity is greater than described when studies are considered in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Balderson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Mitchell Fane
- Fox Chase Cancer Centre, Philadelphia, 19019 Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tracey J Harvey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Aaron Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Mikael Bodén
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
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19
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Ramal M, Corral S, Kalisz M, Lapi E, Real FX. The urothelial gene regulatory network: understanding biology to improve bladder cancer management. Oncogene 2024; 43:1-21. [PMID: 37996699 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The urothelium is a stratified epithelium composed of basal cells, one or more layers of intermediate cells, and an upper layer of differentiated umbrella cells. Most bladder cancers (BLCA) are urothelial carcinomas. Loss of urothelial lineage fidelity results in altered differentiation, highlighted by the taxonomic classification into basal and luminal tumors. There is a need to better understand the urothelial transcriptional networks. To systematically identify transcription factors (TFs) relevant for urothelial identity, we defined highly expressed TFs in normal human bladder using RNA-Seq data and inferred their genomic binding using ATAC-Seq data. To focus on epithelial TFs, we analyzed RNA-Seq data from patient-derived organoids recapitulating features of basal/luminal tumors. We classified TFs as "luminal-enriched", "basal-enriched" or "common" according to expression in organoids. We validated our classification by differential gene expression analysis in Luminal Papillary vs. Basal/Squamous tumors. Genomic analyses revealed well-known TFs associated with luminal (e.g., PPARG, GATA3, FOXA1) and basal (e.g., TP63, TFAP2) phenotypes and novel candidates to play a role in urothelial differentiation or BLCA (e.g., MECOM, TBX3). We also identified TF families (e.g., KLFs, AP1, circadian clock, sex hormone receptors) for which there is suggestive evidence of their involvement in urothelial differentiation and/or BLCA. Genomic alterations in these TFs are associated with BLCA. We uncover a TF network involved in urothelial cell identity and BLCA. We identify novel candidate TFs involved in differentiation and cancer that provide opportunities for a better understanding of the underlying biology and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ramal
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Corral
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Kalisz
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Lapi
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Nguyen TT, Mitchell JM, Kiel MD, Kenny CP, Li H, Jones KL, Cornell RA, Williams TJ, Nichols JT, Van Otterloo E. TFAP2 paralogs regulate midfacial development in part through a conserved ALX genetic pathway. Development 2024; 151:dev202095. [PMID: 38063857 PMCID: PMC10820886 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cranial neural crest development is governed by positional gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Fine-tuning of the GRN components underlies facial shape variation, yet how those networks in the midface are connected and activated remain poorly understood. Here, we show that concerted inactivation of Tfap2a and Tfap2b in the murine neural crest, even during the late migratory phase, results in a midfacial cleft and skeletal abnormalities. Bulk and single-cell RNA-seq profiling reveal that loss of both TFAP2 family members dysregulates numerous midface GRN components involved in midface morphogenesis, patterning and differentiation. Notably, Alx1, Alx3 and Alx4 (ALX) transcript levels are reduced, whereas ChIP-seq analyses suggest TFAP2 family members directly and positively regulate ALX gene expression. Tfap2a, Tfap2b and ALX co-expression in midfacial neural crest cells of both mouse and zebrafish implies conservation of this regulatory axis across vertebrates. Consistent with this notion, tfap2a zebrafish mutants present with abnormal alx3 expression patterns, Tfap2a binds ALX loci and tfap2a-alx3 genetic interactions are observed. Together, these data demonstrate TFAP2 paralogs regulate vertebrate midfacial development in part by activating expression of ALX transcription factor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T. Nguyen
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennyfer M. Mitchell
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michaela D. Kiel
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Colin P. Kenny
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert A. Cornell
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Trevor J. Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - James T. Nichols
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric Van Otterloo
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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21
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Zhang H, Raymundo J, Daly KE, Zhu W, Senapati B, Marneros AG. AP-2α/AP-2β transcription factors are key regulators of epidermal homeostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.03.569763. [PMID: 38105942 PMCID: PMC10723278 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.03.569763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
AP-2 transcription factors regulate ectodermal development but their roles for epidermal homeostasis in the adult skin are unknown. We find that AP-2α is the predominant AP-2 family member in adult epidermis, followed by AP-2β. Through inactivation of AP-2α, AP-2β, or both in keratinocytes we assessed the effects of a gradient of epidermal AP-2 activity on skin function. We find that (1) loss of AP-2β in keratinocytes is compensated for by AP-2α, (2) loss of AP-2α impairs terminal keratinocyte differentiation and hair morphogenesis, and (3) the combined loss of AP-2α/AP-2β results in more severe skin and hair abnormalities. Keratinocyte differentiation defects precede a progressive neutrophilic skin inflammation. Inducible inactivation of AP-2α/AP-2β in the adult phenocopies these manifestations. Transcriptomic analyses of epidermis lacking AP-2α or AP-2α/AP-2β in keratinocytes demonstrate a terminal keratinocyte differentiation defect with upregulation of alarmin keratins and of several immune pathway regulators. Moreover, our analyses suggest a key role of loss of AP-2α-dependent gene expression of CXCL14 and KRT15 as an early pathogenic event towards the manifestation of skin inflammation. Thus, AP-2α/AP-2β are critical regulators of epidermal homeostasis in the adult skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jackelyn Raymundo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Daly
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bill Senapati
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Alexander G. Marneros
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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22
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Niranjan V, Setlur AS, K C, Kumkum S, Dasgupta S, Singh V, Desai V, Kumar J. Exploring the Synergistic Mechanism of AP2A2 Transcription Factor Inhibition via Molecular Modeling and Simulations as a Novel Computational Approach for Combating Breast Cancer: In Silico Interpretations. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00871-3. [PMID: 37747672 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that transcription factor AP2A2 (activator protein-2 alpha-2) is involved in the expression of DLEC1, a tumor suppressor gene, which, when mutated, will cause breast cancer and is thus an excellent target for breast cancer studies. Therefore, in the present research, a synergistic approach toward combating breast cancer is proposed by blocking AP2A2 factor, and allowing the cancer cells to be sensitive to anti-cancer drugs. The effect of AP2A2 on breast cancer was first understood via gene analysis from cBioPortal. AP2A2 was then modeled using RaptorX and its structure was validated from Ramachandran plots. Using all ligands from MolPort database, molecular docking was performed against AP2A2, from which the top three best docked ligands were studied for toxicity in humans using Protox-II. Once the ligands passed these tests, the best complexes were simulated at 200ns in Desmond Maestro, to comprehend their stabilities, followed by the computations of free energies of binding via Molecular mechanics- Generalized Born Solvent Accessibility method (MM-GBSA). The results showed that molecules MolPort-005-945-556 (sachharolipids), MolPort-001-741-124 (flavonoids), and MolPort-005-944-667 (lignan glycosides) with AP2A2 passed toxicity evaluation and belonged to toxicity classes 6, 5, and 5, respectively, with good docking energies. 200 ns simulations revealed stable complexes with slight conformational changes. Stability of ligands was confirmed via snapshots at every 20 ns of the trajectory. Radial distribution of these molecules against the protein revealed very slight deviation from binding pocket. Additionally, the free binding energies for these complexes were found to be - 54.93 ± 12.982 kcal/mol, - 44.39 ± 14.393 kcal/mol, and - 66.51 ± 13.522 kcal/mol, respectively. A preliminary computational validation of the inability of AP2A2 to bind to DLEC1 in the presence of ligands offers beneficial insights into the potential of these ligands. Therefore, this study sheds light on the potential natural molecules that could stably block AP2A2 with least deviation and act in synergy to aid anti-cancer drugs work on breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Niranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India.
| | - Anagha S Setlur
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | - Chandrashekar K
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | - Sneha Kumkum
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | - Sanjana Dasgupta
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | - Varsha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | - Vrushali Desai
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), CGO complex Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India.
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23
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Li L, Xia R, Chen W, Zhao Q, Tao P, Chen L. Single-cell causal network inferred by cross-mapping entropy. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad281. [PMID: 37544659 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) reveal the complex molecular interactions that govern cell state. However, it is challenging for identifying causal relations among genes due to noisy data and molecular nonlinearity. Here, we propose a novel causal criterion, neighbor cross-mapping entropy (NME), for inferring GRNs from both steady data and time-series data. NME is designed to quantify 'continuous causality' or functional dependency from one variable to another based on their function continuity with varying neighbor sizes. NME shows superior performance on benchmark datasets, comparing with existing methods. By applying to scRNA-seq datasets, NME not only reliably inferred GRNs for cell types but also identified cell states. Based on the inferred GRNs and further their activity matrices, NME showed better performance in single-cell clustering and downstream analyses. In summary, based on continuous causality, NME provides a powerful tool in inferring causal regulations of GRNs between genes from scRNA-seq data, which is further exploited to identify novel cell types/states and predict cell type-specific network modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Tao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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24
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Liu K, Xiao Y, Gan L, Li W, Zhang J, Min J. Structural basis for specific DNA sequence motif recognition by the TFAP2 transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:8270-8282. [PMID: 37409559 PMCID: PMC10450164 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The TFAP2 family regulates gene expression during differentiation, development, and organogenesis, and includes five homologs in humans. They all possess a highly conserved DNA binding domain (DBD) followed by a helix-span-helix (HSH) domain. The DBD-HSH tandem domain specifically binds to a GCC(N3)GGC consensus sequence, but the precise recognition mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that TFAP2 preferred binding to the GCC(N3)GGC sequence, and the pseudo-palindromic GCC and GGC motifs and the length of the central spacer between the two motifs determined their binding specificity. Structural studies revealed that the two flat amphipathic α-helical HSH domains of TFAP2A stacked with each other to form a dimer via hydrophobic interactions, while the stabilized loops from both DBD domains inserted into two neighboring major grooves of the DNA duplex to form base-specific interactions. This specific DNA binding mechanism controlled the length of the central spacer and determined the DNA sequence specificity of TFAP2. Mutations of the TFAP2 proteins are implicated in various diseases. We illustrated that reduction or disruption of the DNA binding ability of the TFAP2 proteins is the primary cause of TFAP2 mutation-associated diseases. Thus, our findings also offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of disease-associated mutations in TFAP2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yuqing Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Linyao Gan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Weifang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jinrong Min
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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25
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Zhao Y, Liu J, Liu S, Yang P, Liang Y, Ma J, Mao S, Sun C, Yang Y. Fibroblast exosomal TFAP2C induced by chitosan oligosaccharides promotes peripheral axon regeneration via the miR-132-5p/CAMKK1 axis. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:249-263. [PMID: 36936807 PMCID: PMC10020534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and its degradation product, oligosaccharides, have been shown to facilitate peripheral nerve regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the protein expression profiles in sciatic nerves after injury using proteomics. A group of proteins related to exosome packaging and transport is up-regulated by chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), implying that exosomes are involved in COS-induced peripheral nerve regeneration. In fact, exosomes derived from fibroblasts (f-EXOs) treated with COS significantly promoted axon extension and regeneration. Exosomal protein identification and functional studies, revealed that TFAP2C is a key factor in neurite outgrowth induced by COS-f-EXOs. Furthermore, we showed that TFAP2C targets the pri-miRNA-132 gene and represses miR-132-5p expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Camkk1 is a downstream substrate of miR-132-5p that positively affects axon extension. In rats, miR-132-5p antagomir stimulates CAMKK1 expression and improves axon regeneration and functional recovery in sciatic nerves after injury. Our data reveal the mechanism for COS in axon regeneration, that is COS induce fibroblasts to produce TFAP2C-enriched EXOs, which are then transferred into axons to promote axon regeneration via miR-132-5p/CAMKK1. Moreover, these results show a new facet of fibroblasts in axon regeneration in peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Jina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Yunyun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Jinyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Susu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Corresponding author.
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26
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Shi CJ, Lv MY, Deng LQ, Zeng WQ, Fu WM, Zhang JF. Linc-ROR drive adriamycin resistance by targeting AP-2α/Wnt/β-catenin axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1735-1752. [PMID: 36576707 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adriamycin is widely used as a chemotherapeutic strategy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical response was disappointing because of the acquired drug resistance with long-term usage. Revealing the underlying mechanism could provide promising therapeutics for the drug-resistant patients. The recently identified linc-ROR (long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming) has been found to be an oncogene in various cancers, and it also demonstrated to mediate drug resistance and metastasis. We thereby wonder whether this lincRNA could mediate adriamycin chemoresistance in HCC. In this study, linc-ROR was found to be upregulated in adriamycin-resistant HCC cells. And its overexpression accelerated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and adriamycin resistance. Conversely, its silence suppressed EMT and made HCC cells sensitize to adriamycin in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation revealed that linc-ROR physically interacted with AP-2α, mediated its stability by a post-translational modification manner, and sequentially activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, linc-ROR expression was positively associated with β-catenin expression in human clinical specimens. Taken together, linc-ROR promoted tumorigenesis and adriamycin resistance in HCC via a linc-ROR/AP-2α/Wnt/β-catenin axis, which could be developed as a potential therapeutic target for the adriamycin-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jian Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Yi Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qiang Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiang Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Cancer Center, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Li H, Sha X, Wang W, Huang Z, Zhang P, Liu L, Wang S, Zhou Y, He S, Shi J. Identification of lysosomal genes associated with prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1477-1495. [PMID: 37577321 PMCID: PMC10413022 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of lung cancer, representing 40% of all cases of this tumor. Despite immense improvements in understanding the molecular basis, diagnosis, and treatment of LUAD, its recurrence rate is still high. Methods RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LUAD cohort were download from Genomic Data Commons Portal. The GSE13213 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used for external validation. Differential prognostic lysosome-related genes (LRGs) were identified by overlapping survival-related genes obtained via univariate Cox regression analysis with differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The prognostic model was built using Kaplan-Meier curves and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses. In addition, univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were employed to identify independent prognostic factors. The responses of patients to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were further predicted. The pRRophetic package and rank-sum test were used to compute the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 56 chemotherapeutic drugs and their differential effects in the low- and high-risk groups. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and human protein atlas (HPA) database were used to verify the expression of the four prognostic biomarkers in LUAD. Results Of the nine candidate differential prognostic LRGs, GATA2, TFAP2A, LMBRD1, and KRT8 were selected as prognostic biomarkers. The prediction of the risk model was validated to be reliable. Cox independent prognostic analysis revealed that risk score and stage were independent prognostic factors in LUAD. Furthermore, the nomogram and calibration curves of the independent prognostic factors performed well. Differential analysis of ICIs revealed CD276, ICOS, PDCD1LG2, CD27, TNFRSF18, TNFSF9, ENTPD1, and NT5E to be expressed differently in the low- and high-risk groups. The IC50 values of 12 chemotherapeutic drugs, including epothilone.B, JNK.inhibitor.VIII, and AKT.inhibitor.VIII, significantly differed between the two risk groups. KRT8 and TFAP2A were highly expressed, while GATA2 and LMBRD1 were poorly expressed in LUAD cell lines. In addition, KRT8 and TFAP2A were highly expressed, while GATA2 and LMBRD1 were poorly expressed in tumor tissues. Conclusions Four key prognostic biomarkers-GATA2, TFAP2A, LMBRD1, and KRT8-were used to construct a significant prognostic model for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyu Sha
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenmiao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhanghao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Silin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Youlang Zhou
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Swamynathan SK, Swamynathan S. Corneal epithelial development and homeostasis. Differentiation 2023; 132:4-14. [PMID: 36870804 PMCID: PMC10363238 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium (CE), the most anterior cellular structure of the eye, is a self-renewing stratified squamous tissue that protects the rest of the eye from external elements. Each cell in this exquisite three-dimensional structure needs to have proper polarity and positional awareness for the CE to serve as a transparent, refractive, and protective tissue. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the molecular and cellular events involved in the embryonic development, post-natal maturation, and homeostasis of the CE, and how they are regulated by a well-coordinated network of transcription factors. This review summarizes the status of related knowledge and aims to provide insight into the pathophysiology of disorders caused by disruption of CE development, and/or homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Nguyen TT, Mitchell JM, Kiel MD, Jones KL, Williams TJ, Nichols JT, Van Otterloo E. TFAP2 paralogs regulate midfacial development in part through a conserved ALX genetic pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545376. [PMID: 37398373 PMCID: PMC10312788 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cranial neural crest development is governed by positional gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Fine-tuning of the GRN components underly facial shape variation, yet how those in the midface are connected and activated remain poorly understood. Here, we show that concerted inactivation of Tfap2a and Tfap2b in the murine neural crest even during the late migratory phase results in a midfacial cleft and skeletal abnormalities. Bulk and single-cell RNA-seq profiling reveal that loss of both Tfap2 members dysregulated numerous midface GRN components involved in midface fusion, patterning, and differentiation. Notably, Alx1/3/4 (Alx) transcript levels are reduced, while ChIP-seq analyses suggest TFAP2 directly and positively regulates Alx gene expression. TFAP2 and ALX co-expression in midfacial neural crest cells of both mouse and zebrafish further implies conservation of this regulatory axis across vertebrates. Consistent with this notion, tfap2a mutant zebrafish present abnormal alx3 expression patterns, and the two genes display a genetic interaction in this species. Together, these data demonstrate a critical role for TFAP2 in regulating vertebrate midfacial development in part through ALX transcription factor gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T Nguyen
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jennyfer M Mitchell
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michaela D Kiel
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Trevor J Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - James T Nichols
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric Van Otterloo
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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Jin C, Luo Y, Liang Z, Li X, Kołat D, Zhao L, Xiong W. Crucial role of the transcription factors family activator protein 2 in cancer: current clue and views. J Transl Med 2023; 21:371. [PMID: 37291585 PMCID: PMC10249218 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor family activator protein 2 (TFAP2) is vital for regulating both embryonic and oncogenic development. The TFAP2 family consists of five DNA-binding proteins, including TFAP2A, TFAP2B, TFAP2C, TFAP2D and TFAP2E. The importance of TFAP2 in tumor biology is becoming more widely recognized. While TFAP2D is not well studied, here, we mainly focus on the other four TFAP2 members. As a transcription factor, TFAP2 regulates the downstream targets directly by binding to their regulatory region. In addition, the regulation of downstream targets by epigenetic modification, posttranslational regulation, and interaction with noncoding RNA have also been identified. According to the pathways in which the downstream targets are involved in, the regulatory effects of TFAP2 on tumorigenesis are generally summarized as follows: stemness and EMT, interaction between TFAP2 and tumor microenvironment, cell cycle and DNA damage repair, ER- and ERBB2-related signaling pathway, ferroptosis and therapeutic response. Moreover, the factors that affect TFAP2 expression in oncogenesis are also summarized. Here, we review and discuss the most recent studies on TFAP2 and its effects on carcinogenesis and regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxiao Luo
- University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhu Liang
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Oxford, UK
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Linyong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weixi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Scalia P, Williams SJ, Fujita-Yamaguchi Y. Human IGF2 Gene Epigenetic and Transcriptional Regulation: At the Core of Developmental Growth and Tumorigenic Behavior. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1655. [PMID: 37371750 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the human IGF2 gene displays multiple layers of control, which secures a genetically and epigenetically predetermined gene expression pattern throughout embryonal growth and postnatal life. These predominantly nuclear regulatory mechanisms converge on the function of the IGF2-H19 gene cluster on Chromosome 11 and ultimately affect IGF2 gene expression. Deregulation of such control checkpoints leads to the enhancement of IGF2 gene transcription and/or transcript stabilization, ultimately leading to IGF-II peptide overproduction. This type of anomaly is responsible for the effects observed in terms of both abnormal fetal growth and increased cell proliferation, typically observed in pediatric overgrowth syndromes and cancer. We performed a review of relevant experimental work on the mechanisms affecting the human IGF2 gene at the epigenetic, transcriptional and transcript regulatory levels. The result of our work, indeed, provides a wider and diversified scenario for IGF2 gene activation than previously envisioned by shedding new light on its extended regulation. Overall, we focused on the functional integration between the epigenetic and genetic machinery driving its overexpression in overgrowth syndromes and malignancy, independently of the underlying presence of loss of imprinting (LOI). The molecular landscape provided at last strengthens the role of IGF2 in cancer initiation, progression and malignant phenotype maintenance. Finally, this review suggests potential actionable targets for IGF2 gene- and regulatory protein target-degradation therapies.
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Key Words
- (IGF2/H19) IG-DMR, intergenic differentially methylated region
- BWS, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
- CCD, centrally conserved domain
- CNV, copy number variation
- CTCF, CCCTC binding factor
- DMD, differentially methylated domain
- DMR, differentially methylated region
- GOM, gain of methylation
- ICR1, imprinting control region 1
- IGF-II, insulin-like growth factor-2 peptide
- IGF2, insulin-like growth factor 2 gene
- LOI, loss of imprinting
- LOM, loss of methylation
- MOI, maintenance of imprinting
- SRS, Silver Russel Syndrome
- TF: transcription factor
- UPD, uniparental disomy
- WT1, Wilms Tumor protein 1
- mRNA transcript
- p0–p4: IGF2 promoters 0–4
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Scalia
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA, and 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
- Sbarro Cancer Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, CST, Biology Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Stephen J Williams
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA, and 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
- Sbarro Cancer Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, CST, Biology Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Yoko Fujita-Yamaguchi
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Hu Y, Bringmann H. Tfap2b acts in GABAergic neurons to control sleep in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8026. [PMID: 37198238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a universal state of behavioral quiescence in both vertebrates and invertebrates that is controlled by conserved genes. We previously found that AP2 transcription factors control sleep in C. elegans, Drosophila, and mice. Heterozygous deletion of Tfap2b, one of the mammalian AP2 paralogs, reduces sleep in mice. The cell types and mechanisms through which Tfap2b controls sleep in mammals are, however, not known. In mice, Tfap2b acts during early embryonic stages. In this study, we used RNA-seq to measure the gene expression changes in brains of Tfap2b-/- embryos. Our results indicated that genes related to brain development and patterning were differentially regulated. As many sleep-promoting neurons are known to be GABAergic, we measured the expression of GAD1, GAD2 and Vgat genes in different brain areas of adult Tfap2b+/- mice using qPCR. These experiments suggested that GABAergic genes are downregulated in the cortex, brainstem and cerebellum areas, but upregulated in the striatum. To investigate whether Tfap2b controls sleep through GABAergic neurons, we specifically deleted Tfap2b in GABAergic neurons. We recorded the EEG and EMG before and after a 6-h period of sleep deprivation and extracted the time spent in NREM and in REM sleep as well as delta and theta power to assess NREM and REM sleep, respectively. During baseline conditions, Vgat-tfap2b-/- mice exhibited both shortened NREM and REM sleep time and reduced delta and theta power. Consistently, weaker delta and theta power were observed during rebound sleep in the Vgat-tfap2b-/- mice after sleep deprivation. Taken together, the results indicate that Tfap2b in GABAergic neurons is required for normal sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Max Planck Research Group "Sleep and Waking", Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Bringmann
- Max Planck Research Group "Sleep and Waking", Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Cellular Circuits and Systems, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Sołtys K, Ożyhar A. Phase separation propensity of the intrinsically disordered AB region of human RXRβ. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:92. [PMID: 37143076 PMCID: PMC10157963 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RXRβ is one of three subtypes of human retinoid X receptor (RXR), a transcription factor that belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Its expression can be detected in almost all tissues. In contrast to other subtypes - RXRα and RXRγ - RXRβ has the longest and unique N-terminal sequence called the AB region, which harbors a ligand-independent activation function. In contrast to the functional properties of this sequence, the molecular properties of the AB region of human RXRβ (AB_hRXRB) have not yet been characterized. Here, we present a systematic biochemical and biophysical analysis of recombinant AB_hRXRB, along with in silico examinations, which demonstrate that AB_hRXRB exhibits properties of a coil-like intrinsically disordered region. AB_hRXRB possesses a flexible structure that is able to adopt a more ordered conformation under the influence of different environmental factors. Interestingly, AB_hRXRB promotes the formation of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a phenomenon previously observed for the AB region of another human subtype of RXR - RXRγ (AB_hRXRG). Although both AB regions seem to be similar in terms of their ability to induce phase separation, they clearly differ in the sensitivity to factors driving and regulating LLPS. This distinct LLPS response to environmental factors driven by the unique amino acid compositions of AB_hRXRB and AB_hRXRG can be significant for the specific modulation of the transcriptional activation of target genes by different subtypes of RXR. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sołtys
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
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Agarwal A, Kansal V, Farooqi H, Prasad R, Singh VK. Inhibition of miR-214 expression by small molecules alleviates head and neck cancer metastasis by targeting ALCAM/TFAP2 signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.04.535560. [PMID: 37066273 PMCID: PMC10104035 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.04.535560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Predominantly, head and neck cancer (HNC) is considered a regional disease and develops in the nasal cavity, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, and larynx. In the advanced stage, the HNC spread into distant organs. By the time head and neck cancer diagnosed, the estimated metastasis is occurred in 10-40% cases. The most important vital organs affected by distant metastasis are the lungs, bones, and liver. Despite several advancements in chemotherapies, no significant changes are observed as 5-year survival rate remains the same. Therefore, it is crucial to decipher molecular mechanisms contributing to the metastatic dissemination of head and neck cancer. Here, we tested a novel ALCAM/TFAP2 signaling by targeting multidisciplinary miR-214 expression in head and cancer cells. Our results revealed that HNC cell lines (CAL27, SCC-9, SCC-4, and SCC-25) exhibit higher expression of miR-214 compared with normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. Higher expression of miR-214 drives the invasive potential of these cell lines. Down-regulation of miR-214 in CAL27 and SCC-9 cells either using an anti-miR-214 inhibitor (50nM) or a small molecule of green tea (EGCG) inhibited cell invasion. Treating CAL27 and SCC-9 cells with EGCG also reduces ALCAM expression, a key activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule, potentially blocking mesenchymal phenotype. Dietary administration of EGCG significantly inhibits distant metastasis of SCC-9 cells into the lungs, liver, and kidneys. Our results also demonstrate that the reduction of miR-214 expression influences in vitro cell movement and extravasation, as evident by reduced CD31 expression, a neovascularization marker. Together, these studies suggest that identifying bioactive molecules that can inhibit distant metastasis regulated by the miRNAs may provide potent interventional approaches and a better understanding of the complex functions of miRNAs and their therapeutic targets for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Agarwal
- Department of Zoology, Agra College, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra-282004 (India)
| | - Vikash Kansal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA)
| | - Humaira Farooqi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard University, New Delhi-110062 (India)
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL-35294 (USA)
| | - Vijay Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Agra College, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra-282004 (India)
- Narain PG Degree College, Shikohabad, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra-282004 (India)
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Szmajda-Krygier D, Krygier A, Żebrowska-Nawrocka M, Pietrzak J, Świechowski R, Wosiak A, Jeleń A, Balcerczak E. Differential Expression of AP-2 Transcription Factors Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Bioinformatics Study. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040667. [PMID: 36831334 PMCID: PMC9954805 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the activator protein 2 (AP-2) transcription factor (TF) family are known to play a role in both physiological processes and cancer development. The family comprises five DNA-binding proteins encoded by the TFAP2A to TFAP2E genes. Numerous scientific reports describe differential expression of these TF and their genes in various types of cancer, identifying among them a potential oncogene or suppressor like TFAP2A or TFAP2C. Other reports suggest their influence on disease development and progression, as well as response to treatment. Not all members of this AP-2 family have been comprehensively studied thus far. The aim of the present article is to gather and discuss knowledge available in bioinformatics databases regarding all five members of this family and to differentiate them in relation to the two most common lung cancer subtypes: adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In addition, to assess the difference in levels depending on a number of clinicopathological factors, the impact on patient survival and interactions with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. This article may help to identify the target for further original research that may contribute to the discovery of new diagnostic biomarkers and define the molecular differences between LUAD and LUSC, which may affect the therapy effectiveness improvement and longer survival.
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Wang D, Trevillian P, May S, Diakumis P, Wang Y, Colville D, Bahlo M, Greferath U, Fletcher E, Young B, Mack HG, Savige J. KCTD1 and Scalp-Ear-Nipple ('Finlay-Marks') syndrome may be associated with myopia and Thin basement membrane nephropathy through an effect on the collagen IV α3 and α4 chains. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:19-27. [PMID: 36579937 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2144900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scalp-Ear-Nipple syndrome is caused by pathogenic KCTD1 variants and characterised by a scalp defect, prominent ears, and rudimentary breasts. We describe here further clinical associations in the eye and kidney. METHODS Fifteen affected members from two unrelated families with p.(Ala30Glu) or p.(Pro31Leu) in KCTD1 were examined for ocular and renal abnormalities. The relevant proteins were studied in the eye and kidney, and the mutation consequences determined from mouse knockout models. RESULTS Five males and 10 females with a median age of 40 years (range 1-70) with pathogenic variants p.(Ala30Glu) (n = 12) or p.(Pro31Leu) (n = 3) in KCTD1 were studied. Of the 6 who underwent detailed ophthalmic examination, 5 (83%) had low myopic astigmatism, the mean spherical equivalent of 10 eyes was 2.38D, and one (17%) had hypermetropic astigmatism. One female had a divergent strabismus.Five individuals had renal cysts (5/15, 33%), with renal biopsy in one demonstrating a thinned glomerular basement membrane identical to that seen in Thin basement membrane nephropathy (AD Alport syndrome).In the eye, KCTD1 and its downstream targets, TFAP2, and the collagen IV α3 and α4 chains localised to the cornea and near the retinal amacrine cells. In the kidney, all these proteins except TFAP2 were expressed in the podocytes and distal tubules. TFAP2B and COL4A4 knockout mice also had kidney cysts, and COL4A3 and COL4A4 knockout mice had myopia. CONCLUSION Individuals with a pathogenic KCTD1 variant may have low myopic astigmatism and represent a further rare genetic cause for a thinned glomerular basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmao Wang
- Department of Medicine (Northern Health and Melbourne Health), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Trevillian
- Department of Nephrology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Stephen May
- Renal Unit, Tamworth Hospital, Tamworth, Australia
| | - Peter Diakumis
- Department of Bioinformatics, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Medicine (Northern Health and Melbourne Health), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deb Colville
- Department of Medicine (Northern Health and Melbourne Health), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Una Greferath
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Erica Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Barbara Young
- Department of Pathology John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Heather G Mack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Judy Savige
- Department of Medicine (Northern Health and Melbourne Health), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Kołat D, Zhao LY, Kciuk M, Płuciennik E, Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż. AP-2δ Is the Most Relevant Target of AP-2 Family-Focused Cancer Therapy and Affects Genome Organization. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244124. [PMID: 36552887 PMCID: PMC9776946 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Formerly hailed as "undruggable" proteins, transcription factors (TFs) are now under investigation for targeted therapy. In cancer, this may alter, inter alia, immune evasion or replicative immortality, which are implicated in genome organization, a process that accompanies multi-step tumorigenesis and which frequently develops in a non-random manner. Still, targeting-related research on some TFs is scarce, e.g., among AP-2 proteins, which are known for their altered functionality in cancer and prognostic importance. Using public repositories, bioinformatics tools, and RNA-seq data, the present study examined the ligandability of all AP-2 members, selecting the best one, which was investigated in terms of mutations, targets, co-activators, correlated genes, and impact on genome organization. AP-2 proteins were found to have the conserved "TF_AP-2" domain, but manifested different binding characteristics and evolution. Among them, AP-2δ has not only the highest number of post-translational modifications and extended strands but also contains a specific histidine-rich region and cleft that can receive a ligand. Uterine, colon, lung, and stomach tumors are most susceptible to AP-2δ mutations, which also co-depend with cancer hallmark genes and drug targets. Considering AP-2δ targets, some of them were located proximally in the spatial genome or served as co-factors of the genes regulated by AP-2δ. Correlation and functional analyses suggested that AP-2δ affects various processes, including genome organization, via its targets; this has been eventually verified in lung adenocarcinoma using expression and immunohistochemistry data of chromosomal conformation-related genes. In conclusion, AP-2δ affects chromosomal conformation and is the most appropriate target for cancer therapy focused on the AP-2 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Kołat
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Lin-Yong Zhao
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Overexpression of Tfap2a in Mouse Oocytes Impaired Spindle and Chromosome Organization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214376. [PMID: 36430853 PMCID: PMC9699359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor AP-2-alpha (Tfap2a) is an important sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that can regulate the transcription of multiple genes by collaborating with inducible viral and cellular enhancer elements. In this experiment, the expression, localization, and functions of Tfap2a were investigated in mouse oocytes during maturation. Overexpression via microinjection of Myc-Tfap2a mRNA into the ooplasm, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting were used to study the role of Tfap2a in mouse oocyte meiosis. According to our results, Tfap2a plays a vital role in mouse oocyte maturation. Levels of Tfap2a in GV oocytes of mice suffering from type 2 diabetes increased considerably. Tfap2a was distributed in both the ooplasm and nucleoplasm, and its level gradually increased as meiosis resumption progressed. The overexpression of Tfap2a loosened the chromatin, accelerated germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and blocked the first polar body extrusion 14 h after maturation in vitro. The width of the metaphase plate at metaphase I stage increased, and the spindle and chromosome organization at metaphase II stage were disrupted in the oocytes by overexpressed Tfap2a. Furthermore, Tfap2a overexpression dramatically boosted the expression of p300 in mouse GV oocytes. Additionally, the levels of pan histone lysine acetylation (Pan Kac), histone H4 lysine 12 acetylation (H4K12ac), and H4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4K16ac), as well as pan histone lysine lactylation (Pan Kla), histone H3 lysine18 lactylation (H3K18la), and H4 lysine12 lactylation (H4K12la), were all increased in GV oocytes after Tfap2a overexpression. Collectively, Tfap2a overexpression upregulated p300, increased the levels of histone acetylation and lactylation, impeded spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, and ultimately hindered mouse oocyte meiosis.
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Murat P, Perez C, Crisp A, van Eijk P, Reed SH, Guilbaud G, Sale JE. DNA replication initiation shapes the mutational landscape and expression of the human genome. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd3686. [PMID: 36351018 PMCID: PMC9645720 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between active biological processes and DNA repair is central to mutagenesis. Here, we show that the ubiquitous process of replication initiation is mutagenic, leaving a specific mutational footprint at thousands of early and efficient replication origins. The observed mutational pattern is consistent with two distinct mechanisms, reflecting the two-step process of origin activation, triggering the formation of DNA breaks at the center of origins and local error-prone DNA synthesis in their immediate vicinity. We demonstrate that these replication initiation-dependent mutational processes exert an influence on phenotypic diversity in humans that is disproportionate to the origins' genomic size: By increasing mutational loads at gene promoters and splice junctions, the presence of an origin significantly influences both gene expression and mRNA isoform usage. Last, we show that mutagenesis at origins not only drives the evolution of origin sequences but also contributes to sculpting regulatory domains of the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Murat
- Division of Protein & Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Consuelo Perez
- Division of Protein & Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Alastair Crisp
- Division of Protein & Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Patrick van Eijk
- Broken String Biosciences Ltd., BioData Innovation Centre, Unit AB3-03, Level 3, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1DR, UK
- Division of Cancer & Genetics School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Simon H. Reed
- Broken String Biosciences Ltd., BioData Innovation Centre, Unit AB3-03, Level 3, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1DR, UK
- Division of Cancer & Genetics School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Guillaume Guilbaud
- Division of Protein & Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Julian E. Sale
- Division of Protein & Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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Nguyen HT, Khoa Huynh LA, Nguyen TV, Tran DH, Thu Tran TT, Khang Le ND, Le NAT, Pham TVN, Le MT, Quynh Pham TM, Nguyen TH, Van Nguyen TC, Nguyen TD, Tran Nguyen BQ, Phan MD, Giang H, Tran LS. Multimodal analysis of ctDNA methylation and fragmentomic profiles enhances detection of nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3895-3912. [PMID: 36524960 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) provides substantially better survival rates. This study aimed to develop a blood-based screening assay named SPOT-MAS ('screen for the presence of tumor by DNA methylation and size') for early CRC detection with high accuracy. Methods: Plasma cell-free DNA samples from 159 patients with nonmetastatic CRC and 158 healthy controls were simultaneously analyzed for fragment length and methylation profiles. We then employed a deep neural network with fragment length and methylation signatures to build a classification model. Results: The model achieved an area under the curve of 0.989 and a sensitivity of 96.8% at 97% specificity in detecting CRC. External validation of our model showed comparable performance, with an area under the curve of 0.96. Conclusion: SPOT-MAS based on integration of cancer-specific methylation and fragmentomic signatures could provide high accuracy for early-stage CRC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Le Anh Khoa Huynh
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Duc Huy Tran
- University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Tran
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duy Khang Le
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Minh-Triet Le
- University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Mong Quynh Pham
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trong Hieu Nguyen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thien Chi Van Nguyen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Dat Nguyen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bui Que Tran Nguyen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Duy Phan
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Giang
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Son Tran
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Xing J, Chen W, Chen K, Zhu S, Lin F, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Han S, Rao T, Ruan Y, Zhao S, Yu W, Cheng F. TFAP2C Knockdown Sensitizes Bladder Cancer Cells to Cisplatin Treatment via Regulation of EGFR and NF-κB. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194809. [PMID: 36230734 PMCID: PMC9562889 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bladder cancer (BCa) is considered one of the most common neoplasms of the urology system. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been the primary treatment for patients with advanced or metastatic BCa. Nevertheless, cisplatin resistance often limits the treatment of bladder cancer. We expect to find approaches to improve the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in bladder cancer. In recent years, many studies have shown that transcription factor AP-2 gamma (TFAP2C) acts as a key player in cancer development and and its expression level is closely related to the sensitivity of tumors to cisplatin. Our study investigated whether TFAP2C affects the sensitivity of BCa cells to cisplatin and the possible mechanisms. We found that TFAP2C expression was significantly upregulated in most BCa tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. The present study confirmed that TFAP2C knockdown enhanced the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin by decreasing cisplatin-induced activation levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB). Specifically, this study provides a novel approach to improve the efficacy of cisplatin. Abstract Cisplatin is the first-line chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. Nevertheless, approximately half of patients with BCa are insensitive to cisplatin therapy or develop cisplatin resistance during the treatment process. Therefore, it is especially crucial to investigate ways to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin. Transcription factor AP-2 gamma (TFAP2C) is involved in cancer development and chemotherapy sensitivity. However, its relationship with chemotherapy has not been studied in BCa. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of TFAP2C in human BCa. Results based on TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), GTEx (The Genotype-Tissue Expression) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) data showed that TFAP2C expression was upregulated in BCa tissues and that its high expression was associated with poor prognosis. Meanwhile, we demonstrated the overexpression of TFAP2C in BCa clinical specimens. Subsequently, in vitro, we knocked down TFAP2C in BCa cells and found that TFAP2C knockdown further increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis caused by cisplatin. In addition, the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on BCa cell migration and invasion was enhanced by TFAP2C knockdown. Our data indicated that cisplatin increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation levels, but TFAP2C knockdown suppressed this effect. Finally, in vivo data further validated these findings. Our study showed that TFAP2C knockdown affected the activation levels of EGFR and NF-κB and enhanced the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin in vivo and in vitro. This provides a new direction to improve the efficacy of traditional cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xing
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shaoming Zhu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Fangyou Lin
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yucheng Qi
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shangting Han
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (F.C.)
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (F.C.)
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42
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Zhang Y, Mostafa AAA, Sriboonvorakul N, Hu J. Roles of activator protein-2 gamma in breast cancer: A narrative review (SANRA). Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30587. [PMID: 36197225 PMCID: PMC9509159 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activator protein-2 gamma (AP-2γ) is a crucial transcription factor involved in breast cancer development. Abnormal expression and activity of AP-2γ have also been identified as important markers of malignancy. In the last decade, the importance of AP-2γ in breast cancer progression has been widely studied. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulatory roles of AP-2γ in breast cancer oncogenesis and progression and its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and drug target in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Asal AA Mostafa
- Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Natthida Sriboonvorakul
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- *Correspondence: Jiamiao Hu, Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (e-mail: )
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43
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Laufer BI, Hasegawa Y, Zhang Z, Hogrefe CE, Del Rosso LA, Haapanen L, Hwang H, Bauman MD, Van de Water J, Taha AY, Slupsky CM, Golub MS, Capitanio JP, VandeVoort CA, Walker CK, LaSalle JM. Multi-omic brain and behavioral correlates of cell-free fetal DNA methylation in macaque maternal obesity models. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5538. [PMID: 36130949 PMCID: PMC9492781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) risk. We utilized integrative multi-omics to examine maternal obesity effects on offspring neurodevelopment in rhesus macaques by comparison to lean controls and two interventions. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) from longitudinal maternal blood-derived cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) significantly overlapped with DMRs from infant brain. The DMRs were enriched for neurodevelopmental functions, methylation-sensitive developmental transcription factor motifs, and human NDD DMRs identified from brain and placenta. Brain and cffDNA methylation levels from a large region overlapping mir-663 correlated with maternal obesity, metabolic and immune markers, and infant behavior. A DUX4 hippocampal co-methylation network correlated with maternal obesity, infant behavior, infant hippocampal lipidomic and metabolomic profiles, and maternal blood measurements of DUX4 cffDNA methylation, cytokines, and metabolites. We conclude that in this model, maternal obesity was associated with changes in the infant brain and behavior, and these differences were detectable in pregnancy through integrative analyses of cffDNA methylation with immune and metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Laufer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Department of OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Casey E Hogrefe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Laura A Del Rosso
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lori Haapanen
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Hyeyeon Hwang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Melissa D Bauman
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Judy Van de Water
- Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mari S Golub
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John P Capitanio
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Catherine A VandeVoort
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Cheryl K Walker
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Janine M LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Sun T, Zhang K, Li W, Liu Y, Pangeni RP, Li A, Arvanitis L, Raz DJ. Transcription factor AP2 enhances malignancy of non-small cell lung cancer through upregulation of USP22 gene expression. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:147. [PMID: 36123698 PMCID: PMC9484186 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22), a putative cancer stem cell marker, is frequently upregulated in cancers, and USP22 overexpression is associated with aggressive growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance in various human cancers including lung cancer. However, USP22 gene amplification seldom occurs, and the mechanism underlying USP22 upregulation in human cancers remains largely unknown. METHODS A luciferase reporter driven by a promoter region of USP22 gene was selectively constructed to screen against a customized siRNA library targeting 89 selected transcription factors to identify potential transcription factors (TFs) that regulate USP22 expression in human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Association of identified TFs with USP22 and potential role of the TFs were validated and explored in NSCLC by biological assays and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS Luciferase reporter assays revealed that SP1 and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) inhibit USP22 transcription, while transcription factor AP-2 Alpha/Beta (TFAP2A/2B) and c-Myc promote USP22 transcription. Binding site-directed mutagenesis and chromosome immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays validated AP2α and AP2β are novel TFs of USP22. Furthermore, overexpression of AP2A and AP2B significantly upregulates USP22 expression, and its target: Cyclin D1, concurrently enhances the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC A549 and H1299 cells in a partially USP22-dependent manner. Moreover, AP2 protein level correlated with USP22 protein in human NSCLC tissues. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate AP2α and AP2β are important transcription factors driving USP22 gene expression to promote the progression of NSCLC, and further support USP22 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Laboratory of Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Wendong Li
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yunze Liu
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Rajendra P Pangeni
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Leonidas Arvanitis
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Dan J Raz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Lin JM, Mitchell TA, Rothstein M, Pehl A, Taroc EZM, Katreddi RR, Parra KE, Zuloaga DG, Simoes-Costa M, Forni PE. Sociosexual behavior requires both activating and repressive roles of Tfap2e/AP-2ε in vomeronasal sensory neurons. eLife 2022; 11:e77259. [PMID: 36111787 PMCID: PMC9525060 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal identity dictates the position in an epithelium, and the ability to detect, process, and transmit specific signals to specified targets. Transcription factors (TFs) determine cellular identity via direct modulation of genetic transcription and recruiting chromatin modifiers. However, our understanding of the mechanisms that define neuronal identity and their magnitude remain a critical barrier to elucidate the etiology of congenital and neurodegenerative disorders. The rodent vomeronasal organ provides a unique system to examine in detail the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation and maturation of chemosensory neurons. Here, we demonstrated that the identity of postmitotic/maturing vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs), and vomeronasal-dependent behaviors can be reprogrammed through the rescue of Tfap2e/AP-2ε expression in the Tfap2eNull mice, and partially reprogrammed by inducing ectopic Tfap2e expression in mature apical VSNs. We suggest that the TF Tfap2e can reprogram VSNs bypassing cellular plasticity restrictions, and that it directly controls the expression of batteries of vomeronasal genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New YorkAlbanyUnited States
- The RNA Institute, University at AlbanyAlbanyUnited States
| | - Tyler A Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New YorkAlbanyUnited States
- The RNA Institute, University at AlbanyAlbanyUnited States
| | - Megan Rothstein
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Alison Pehl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New YorkAlbanyUnited States
- The RNA Institute, University at AlbanyAlbanyUnited States
| | - Ed Zandro M Taroc
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New YorkAlbanyUnited States
- The RNA Institute, University at AlbanyAlbanyUnited States
| | - Raghu R Katreddi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New YorkAlbanyUnited States
- The RNA Institute, University at AlbanyAlbanyUnited States
| | - Katherine E Parra
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New YorkAlbanyUnited States
| | - Damian G Zuloaga
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New YorkAlbanyUnited States
| | - Marcos Simoes-Costa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Paolo Emanuele Forni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New YorkAlbanyUnited States
- The RNA Institute, University at AlbanyAlbanyUnited States
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The regulatory role of AP-2β in monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems: insights on its signalling pathway, linked disorders and theragnostic potential. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:151. [PMID: 36076256 PMCID: PMC9461128 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMonoaminergic neurotransmitter systems play a central role in neuronal function and behaviour. Dysregulation of these systems gives rise to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders with high prevalence and societal burden, collectively termed monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (MNDs). Despite extensive research, the transcriptional regulation of monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems is not fully explored. Interestingly, certain drugs that act on these systems have been shown to modulate central levels of the transcription factor AP-2 beta (AP-2β, gene: TFAP2Β). AP-2β regulates multiple key genes within these systems and thereby its levels correlate with monoamine neurotransmitters measures; yet, its signalling pathways are not well understood. Moreover, although dysregulation of TFAP2Β has been associated with MNDs, the underlying mechanisms for these associations remain elusive. In this context, this review addresses AP-2β, considering its basic structural aspects, regulation and signalling pathways in the controlling of monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, and possible mechanisms underpinning associated MNDS. It also underscores the significance of AP-2β as a potential diagnostic biomarker and its potential and limitations as a therapeutic target for specific MNDs as well as possible pharmaceutical interventions for targeting it. In essence, this review emphasizes the role of AP-2β as a key regulator of the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems and its importance for understanding the pathogenesis and improving the management of MNDs.
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Wang Y, Feng YC, Gan Y, Teng L, Wang L, La T, Wang P, Gu Y, Yan L, Li N, Zhang L, Wang L, Thorne RF, Zhang XD, Cao H, Shao FM. LncRNA MILIP links YBX1 to translational activation of Snai1 and promotes metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:260. [PMID: 36028903 PMCID: PMC9414127 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Distant metastasis is the major cause of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)-associated mortality. However, molecular mechanisms involved in ccRCC metastasis remain to be fully understood. With the increasing appreciation of the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer development, progression, and treatment resistance, the list of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs contributing to ccRCC pathogenesis is expanding rapidly.
Methods
Bioinformatics analysis was carried out to interrogate publicly available ccRCC datasets. In situ hybridization and qRT-PCR assays were used to test lncRNA expression in human ccRCC tissues and cell lines, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were used to examine transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Wound healing as well as transwell migration and invasion assays were employed to monitor ccRCC cell migration and invasion in vitro. ccRCC metastasis was also examined using mouse models in vivo. RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to test RNA–protein associations, whereas RNA-RNA interactions were tested using domain-specific chromatin isolation by RNA purification.
Results
MILIP expression was upregulated in metastatic compared with primary ccRCC tissues. The increased MILIP expression in metastatic ccRCC cells was driven by the transcription factor AP-2 gamma (TFAP2C). Knockdown of MILIP diminished the potential of ccRCC cell migration and invasion in vitro and reduced the formation of ccRCC metastatic lesions in vivo. The effect of MILIP on ccRCC cells was associated with alterations in the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) hallmark genes. Mechanistically, MILIP formed an RNA-RNA duplex with the snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (Snai1) mRNA and bound to Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1). This promoted the association between the YBX1 protein and the Snai1 mRNA, leading to increased translation of the latter. Snai1 in turn played an important role in MILIP-driven ccRCC metastasis.
Conclusions
The TFAP2C-responsive lncRNA MILIP drives ccRCC metastasis. Targeting MILIP may thus represent a potential avenue for ccRCC treatment.
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Jäger K, Mensch J, Grimmig ME, Neuner B, Gorzelniak K, Türkmen S, Demuth I, Hartmann A, Hartmann C, Wittig F, Sporbert A, Hermann A, Fuellen G, Möller S, Walter M. A conserved long-distance telomeric silencing mechanism suppresses mTOR signaling in aging human fibroblasts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk2814. [PMID: 35977016 PMCID: PMC9385144 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of each chromosome. It has been hypothesized that telomere attrition evolved as a tumor suppressor mechanism in large long-lived species. Long telomeres can silence genes millions of bases away through a looping mechanism called telomere position effect over long distances (TPE-OLD). The function of this silencing mechanism is unknown. We determined a set of 2322 genes with high positional conservation across replicatively aging species that includes known and candidate TPE-OLD genes that may mitigate potentially harmful effects of replicative aging. Notably, we identified PPP2R2C as a tumor suppressor gene, whose up-regulation by TPE-OLD in aged human fibroblasts leads to dephosphorylation of p70S6 kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin suppression. A mechanistic link between telomeres and a tumor suppressor mechanism supports the hypothesis that replicative aging fulfills a tumor suppressor function and motivates previously unknown antitumor and antiaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Jäger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Mensch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Elisabeth Grimmig
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bruno Neuner
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Gorzelniak
- Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seval Türkmen
- LNS Hematooncogenetics, National Center of Genetics Luxembourg, Dudelange, Luxemburg
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christiane Hartmann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Felix Wittig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Advanced Light Microscopy, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Möller
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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Ursini F, Bosello Travain V, Cozza G, Miotto G, Roveri A, Toppo S, Maiorino M. A white paper on Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx4) forty years later. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:117-133. [PMID: 35718302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purification of a protein inhibiting lipid peroxidation led to the discovery of the selenoperoxidase GPx4 forty years ago. Thus, the evidence of the enzymatic activity was reached after identifying the biological effect and unambiguously defined the relationship between the biological function and the enzymatic activity. In the syllogism where GPx4 inhibits lipid peroxidation and its inhibition is lethal, cell death is operated by lipid peroxidation. Based on this rationale, this form of cell death emerged as regulated iron-enforced oxygen toxicity and was named ferroptosis in 2012. In the last decades, we learned that reduction of lipid hydroperoxides is indispensable and, in cooperation with prooxidant systems, controls the critical steady state of lipid peroxidation. This concept defined the GPx4 reaction as both the target for possible anti-cancer therapy and if insufficient, as cause of degenerative diseases. We know the reaction mechanism, but the details of the interaction at the membrane cytosol interface are still poorly defined. We know the gene structure, but the knowledge about expression control is still limited. The same holds true for post-transcriptional modifications. Reverse genetics indicate that GPx4 has a role in inflammation, immunity, and differentiation, but the observations emerging from these studies need a more specifically addressed biochemical evidence. Finally, the role of GPx4 in spermatogenesis disclosed an area unconnected to lipid peroxidation. In its mitochondrial and nuclear form, the peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of protein thiols in two specific aspects of sperm maturation: stabilization of the mid-piece and chromatin compaction. Thus, although available evidence converges to the notion that GPx4 activity is vital due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, it is reasonable to foresee other unknown aspects of the GPx4 reaction to be disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Miotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Roveri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
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Zada A, Kuil LE, de Graaf BM, Kakiailatu N, Windster JD, Brooks AS, van Slegtenhorst M, de Koning B, Wijnen RMH, Melotte V, Hofstra RMW, Brosens E, Alves MM. TFAP2B Haploinsufficiency Impacts Gastrointestinal Function and Leads to Pediatric Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901824. [PMID: 35874825 PMCID: PMC9304996 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pediatric Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) is a congenital enteric disorder characterized by severe gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility, without mechanical obstruction. Although several genes have been described to cause this disease, most patients do not receive a genetic diagnosis. Here, we aim to identify the genetic cause of PIPO in a patient diagnosed with severe intestinal dysmotility shortly after birth. Methods: Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in the patient and unaffected parents, in a diagnostic setting. After identification of the potential disease-causing variant, its functional consequences were determined in vitro and in vivo. For this, expression constructs with and without the causing variant, were overexpressed in HEK293 cells. To investigate the role of the candidate gene in GI development and function, a zebrafish model was generated where its expression was disrupted using CRISPR/Cas9 editing. Results: WES analysis identified a de novo heterozygous deletion in TFAP2B (NM_003221.4:c.602-5_606delTCTAGTTCCA), classified as a variant of unknown significance. In vitro studies showed that this deletion affects RNA splicing and results in loss of exon 4, leading to the appearance of a premature stop codon and absence of TFAP2B protein. Disruption of tfap2b in zebrafish led to decreased enteric neuronal numbers and delayed transit time. However, no defects in neuronal differentiation were detected. tfap2b crispants also showed decreased levels of ednrbb mRNA, a downstream target of tfap2b. Conclusion: We showed that TFAP2B haploinsufficiency leads to reduced neuronal numbers and GI dysmotility, suggesting for the first time, that this gene is involved in PIPO pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almira Zada
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Almira Zada, ; Maria M. Alves,
| | - Laura E. Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bianca M. de Graaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Naomi Kakiailatu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan D. Windster
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alice S. Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Barbara de Koning
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - René M. H. Wijnen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Robert M. W. Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria M. Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Almira Zada, ; Maria M. Alves,
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