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Naik B, Sasikumar J, Das SP. From Skin and Gut to the Brain: The Infectious Journey of the Human Commensal Fungus Malassezia and Its Neurological Consequences. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04270-w. [PMID: 38871941 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The human mycobiome encompasses diverse communities of fungal organisms residing within the body and has emerged as a critical player in shaping health and disease. While extensive research has focused on the skin and gut mycobiome, recent investigations have pointed toward the potential role of fungal organisms in neurological disorders. Among those fungal organisms, the presence of the commensal fungus Malassezia in the brain has created curiosity because of its commensal nature and primary association with the human skin and gut. This budding yeast is responsible for several diseases, such as Seborrheic dermatitis, Atopic dermatitis, Pityriasis versicolor, Malassezia folliculitis, dandruff, and others. However recent findings surprisingly show the presence of Malassezia DNA in the brain and have been linked to diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The exact role of Malassezia in these disorders is unknown, but its ability to infect human cells, travel through the bloodstream, cross the blood-brain barrier, and reside along with the lipid-rich neuronal cells are potential mechanisms responsible for pathogenesis. This also includes the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, gut-microbe interaction, and accumulation of metabolic changes in the brain environment. In this review, we discuss these key findings from studies linking Malassezia to neurological disorders, emphasizing the complex and multifaceted nature of these cases. Furthermore, we discuss potential mechanisms through which Malassezia might contribute to the development of neurological conditions. Future investigations will open up new avenues for our understanding of the fungal gut-brain axis and how it influences human behavior. Collaborative research efforts among microbiologists, neuroscientists, immunologists, and clinicians hold promise for unraveling the enigmatic connections between human commensal Malassezia and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Naik
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sasikumar
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Shankar Prasad Das
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
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2
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Bényei ÉB, Nazeer RR, Askenasy I, Mancini L, Ho PM, Sivarajan GAC, Swain JEV, Welch M. The past, present and future of polymicrobial infection research: Modelling, eavesdropping, terraforming and other stories. Adv Microb Physiol 2024; 85:259-323. [PMID: 39059822 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two centuries, great advances have been made in microbiology as a discipline. Much of this progress has come about as a consequence of studying the growth and physiology of individual microbial species in well-defined laboratory media; so-called "axenic growth". However, in the real world, microbes rarely live in such "splendid isolation" (to paraphrase Foster) and more often-than-not, share the niche with a plethora of co-habitants. The resulting interactions between species (and even between kingdoms) are only very poorly understood, both on a theoretical and experimental level. Nevertheless, the last few years have seen significant progress, and in this review, we assess the importance of polymicrobial infections, and show how improved experimental traction is advancing our understanding of these. A particular focus is on developments that are allowing us to capture the key features of polymicrobial infection scenarios, especially as those associated with the human airways (both healthy and diseased).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel Askenasy
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Mancini
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pok-Man Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jemima E V Swain
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Welch
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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3
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Olteanu G, Ciucă-Pană MA, Busnatu ȘS, Lupuliasa D, Neacșu SM, Mititelu M, Musuc AM, Ioniță-Mîndrican CB, Boroghină SC. Unraveling the Microbiome-Human Body Axis: A Comprehensive Examination of Therapeutic Strategies, Interactions and Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5561. [PMID: 38791599 PMCID: PMC11122276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review scrutinizes the intricate interplay between the microbiome and the human body, exploring its multifaceted dimensions and far-reaching implications. The human microbiome, comprising diverse microbial communities inhabiting various anatomical niches, is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of human health and disease. Through an extensive examination of current research, this review elucidates the dynamic interactions between the microbiome and host physiology across multiple organ systems. Key topics include the establishment and maintenance of microbiota diversity, the influence of host factors on microbial composition, and the bidirectional communication pathways between microbiota and host cells. Furthermore, we delve into the functional implications of microbiome dysbiosis in disease states, emphasizing its role in shaping immune responses, metabolic processes, and neurological functions. Additionally, this review discusses emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the microbiome to restore host-microbe homeostasis and promote health. Microbiota fecal transplantation represents a groundbreaking therapeutic approach in the management of dysbiosis-related diseases, offering a promising avenue for restoring microbial balance within the gut ecosystem. This innovative therapy involves the transfer of fecal microbiota from a healthy donor to an individual suffering from dysbiosis, aiming to replenish beneficial microbial populations and mitigate pathological imbalances. By synthesizing findings from diverse fields, this review offers valuable insights into the complex relationship between the microbiome and the human body, highlighting avenues for future research and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Olteanu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria-Alexandra Ciucă-Pană
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bagdasar-Arseni Emergency Hospital, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ștefan Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dumitru Lupuliasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (D.L.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Sorinel Marius Neacșu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (D.L.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adina Magdalena Musuc
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Ilie Murgulescu, Romanian Academy, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina-Bianca Ioniță-Mîndrican
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Steluța Constanța Boroghină
- Department of Complementary Sciences, History of Medicine and Medical Culture, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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Nenciarini S, Renzi S, di Paola M, Meriggi N, Cavalieri D. The yeast-human coevolution: Fungal transition from passengers, colonizers, and invaders. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1639. [PMID: 38146626 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are the cause of more than a billion infections in humans every year, although their interactions with the host are still neglected compared to bacteria. Major systemic fungal infections are very unusual in the healthy population, due to the long history of coevolution with the human host. Humans are routinely exposed to environmental fungi and can host a commensal mycobiota, which is increasingly considered as a key player in health and disease. Here, we review the current knowledge on host-fungi coevolution and the factors that regulate their interaction. On one hand, fungi have learned to survive and inhabit the host organisms as a natural ecosystem, on the other hand, the host immune system finely tunes the response toward fungi. In turn, recognition of fungi as commensals or pathogens regulates the host immune balance in health and disease. In the human gut ecosystem, yeasts provide a fingerprint of the transient microbiota. Their status as passengers or colonizers is related to the integrity of the gut barrier and the risk of multiple disorders. Thus, the study of this less known component of the microbiota could unravel the rules of the transition from passengers to colonizers and invaders, as well as their dependence on the innate component of the host's immune response. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors Immune System Diseases > Environmental Factors Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Meriggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Schöler D, Schnabl B. The role of the microbiome in liver disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2024; 40:134-142. [PMID: 38362864 PMCID: PMC10990783 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The intestinal microbiome and the gut-liver axis play a major role in health and disease. The human gut harbors trillions of microbes and a disruption of the gut homeostasis can contribute to liver disease. In this review, the progress in the field within the last 3 years is summarized, focusing on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), autoimmune liver disease (AILD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RECENT FINDINGS Changes in the fecal virome and fungal mycobiome have been described in patients with various liver diseases. Several microbial derived metabolites including endogenous ethanol produced by bacteria, have been mechanistically linked to liver disease such as MASLD. Virulence factors encoded by gut bacteria contribute to ALD, AILD and HCC. Novel therapeutic approaches focused on the microbiome including phages, pre- and postbiotics have been successfully used in preclinical models. Fecal microbiota transplantation has been effective in attenuating liver disease. Probiotics are safe in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis and improve liver disease and alcohol addiction. SUMMARY The gut-liver axis plays a key role in the pathophysiology of liver diseases. Understanding the microbiota in liver disease can help to develop precise microbiota centered therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schöler
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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Gnaien M, Maufrais C, Rebai Y, Kallel A, Ma L, Hamouda S, Khalsi F, Meftah K, Smaoui H, Khemiri M, Hadj Fredj S, Bachellier-Bassi S, Najjar I, Messaoud T, Boussetta K, Kallel K, Mardassi H, d’Enfert C, Bougnoux ME, Znaidi S. A gain-of-function mutation in zinc cluster transcription factor Rob1 drives Candida albicans adaptive growth in the cystic fibrosis lung environment. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012154. [PMID: 38603707 PMCID: PMC11037546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans chronically colonizes the respiratory tract of patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). It competes with CF-associated pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and contributes to disease severity. We hypothesize that C. albicans undergoes specific adaptation mechanisms that explain its persistence in the CF lung environment. To identify the underlying genetic and phenotypic determinants, we serially recovered 146 C. albicans clinical isolates over a period of 30 months from the sputum of 25 antifungal-naive CF patients. Multilocus sequence typing analyses revealed that most patients were individually colonized with genetically close strains, facilitating comparative analyses between serial isolates. We strikingly observed differential ability to filament and form monospecies and dual-species biofilms with P. aeruginosa among 18 serial isolates sharing the same diploid sequence type, recovered within one year from a pediatric patient. Whole genome sequencing revealed that their genomes were highly heterozygous and similar to each other, displaying a highly clonal subpopulation structure. Data mining identified 34 non-synonymous heterozygous SNPs in 19 open reading frames differentiating the hyperfilamentous and strong biofilm-former strains from the remaining isolates. Among these, we detected a glycine-to-glutamate substitution at position 299 (G299E) in the deduced amino acid sequence of the zinc cluster transcription factor ROB1 (ROB1G299E), encoding a major regulator of filamentous growth and biofilm formation. Introduction of the G299E heterozygous mutation in a co-isolated weak biofilm-former CF strain was sufficient to confer hyperfilamentous growth, increased expression of hyphal-specific genes, increased monospecies biofilm formation and increased survival in dual-species biofilms formed with P. aeruginosa, indicating that ROB1G299E is a gain-of-function mutation. Disruption of ROB1 in a hyperfilamentous isolate carrying the ROB1G299E allele abolished hyperfilamentation and biofilm formation. Our study links a single heterozygous mutation to the ability of C. albicans to better survive during the interaction with other CF-associated microbes and illuminates how adaptive traits emerge in microbial pathogens to persistently colonize and/or infect the CF-patient airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Gnaien
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Corinne Maufrais
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Yasmine Rebai
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Kallel
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
- Hôpital La Rabta, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie, UR17SP03, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Laurence Ma
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biomics core facility, Centre de Ressources et Recherche Technologique (C2RT), Paris, France
| | - Samia Hamouda
- Hôpital d’Enfants Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Khalsi
- Hôpital d’Enfants Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Hanen Smaoui
- Hôpital d’Enfants Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monia Khemiri
- Hôpital d’Enfants Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Sophie Bachellier-Bassi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Imène Najjar
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biomics core facility, Centre de Ressources et Recherche Technologique (C2RT), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Kalthoum Kallel
- Hôpital La Rabta, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie, UR17SP03, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Mardassi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Christophe d’Enfert
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Sadri Znaidi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
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Arunan B, Talukdar D, Swain S, Varadarajan A, Sarda R, Singh G, Nischal N, Soneja M, Bakshi S, Jana P, Tanwar S, Sikka K, Verma H, Subramanian A, Xess I, Wig N, Das B, Ray A. Metagenomic insights into fungal community composition of the nasopharyngeal region of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis patients from India. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29601. [PMID: 38597375 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated mucormycosis (CAM) was reported predominantly from India during the second wave of COVID-19 and has a high mortality rate. The present study aims to understand the fungal community composition of the nasopharyngeal region of CAM-infected individuals and compare it with severe COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. The fungal community composition was decoded by analyzing the sequence homology of the internal transcribed spacer-2-(ITS-2) region of metagenomic DNA extracted from the upper respiratory samples. The alpha-diversity indices were found to be significantly altered in CAM patients (p < 0.05). Interestingly, a higher abundance of Candida africana, Candida haemuloni, Starmerella floris, and Starmerella lactiscondensi was observed exclusively in CAM patients. The interindividual changes in mycobiome composition were well supported by beta-diversity analysis (p < 0.05). The current study provides insights into the dysbiosis of the nasal mycobiome during CAM infection. In conclusion, our study shows that severe COVID-19 and CAM are associated with alteration in mycobiome as compared to healthy controls. However, the sequential alteration in the fungal flora which ultimately leads to the development of CAM needs to be addressed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daizee Talukdar
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, BRIC-THSTI, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Satish Swain
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Radhika Sarda
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Manish Soneja
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Susmita Bakshi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, BRIC-THSTI, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Pradipta Jana
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, BRIC-THSTI, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Subhash Tanwar
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, BRIC-THSTI, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Kapil Sikka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Hitesh Verma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, BRIC-THSTI, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Animesh Ray
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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d'Humières C, Delavy M, Alla L, Ichou F, Gauliard E, Ghozlane A, Levenez F, Galleron N, Quinquis B, Pons N, Mullaert J, Bridier-Nahmias A, Condamine B, Touchon M, Rainteau D, Lamazière A, Lesnik P, Ponnaiah M, Lhomme M, Sertour N, Devente S, Docquier JD, Bougnoux ME, Tenaillon O, Magnan M, Ruppé E, Grall N, Duval X, Ehrlich D, Mentré F, Denamur E, Rocha EPC, Le Chatelier E, Burdet C. Perturbation and resilience of the gut microbiome up to 3 months after β-lactams exposure in healthy volunteers suggest an important role of microbial β-lactamases. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:50. [PMID: 38468305 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics notoriously perturb the gut microbiota. We treated healthy volunteers either with cefotaxime or ceftriaxone for 3 days, and collected in each subject 12 faecal samples up to day 90. Using untargeted and targeted phenotypic and genotypic approaches, we studied the changes in the bacterial, phage and fungal components of the microbiota as well as the metabolome and the β-lactamase activity of the stools. This allowed assessing their degrees of perturbation and resilience. RESULTS While only two subjects had detectable concentrations of antibiotics in their faeces, suggesting important antibiotic degradation in the gut, the intravenous treatment perturbed very significantly the bacterial and phage microbiota, as well as the composition of the metabolome. In contrast, treatment impact was relatively low on the fungal microbiota. At the end of the surveillance period, we found evidence of resilience across the gut system since most components returned to a state like the initial one, even if the structure of the bacterial microbiota changed and the dynamics of the different components over time were rarely correlated. The observed richness of the antibiotic resistance genes repertoire was significantly reduced up to day 30, while a significant increase in the relative abundance of β-lactamase encoding genes was observed up to day 10, consistent with a concomitant increase in the β-lactamase activity of the microbiota. The level of β-lactamase activity at baseline was positively associated with the resilience of the metabolome content of the stools. CONCLUSIONS In healthy adults, antibiotics perturb many components of the microbiota, which return close to the baseline state within 30 days. These data suggest an important role of endogenous β-lactamase-producing anaerobes in protecting the functions of the microbiota by de-activating the antibiotics reaching the colon. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille d'Humières
- Université Paris Cité, IAME, INSERM, Paris, F-75018, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Margot Delavy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE, USC2019, Unité Biologie Et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Laurie Alla
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
| | - Farid Ichou
- ICANomics, Foundation of Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN), Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Emilie Gauliard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Amine Ghozlane
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Florence Levenez
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
| | - Nathalie Galleron
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
| | - Benoit Quinquis
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
| | - Nicolas Pons
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
| | - Jimmy Mullaert
- Université Paris Cité, IAME, INSERM, Paris, F-75018, France
- AP-HP, Département d'Epidemiologie, Biostatistique and Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | | | | | - Marie Touchon
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Antonin Lamazière
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- INSERM UMR-S 1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, France
- ICANomics, Foundation of Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN), Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- ICANomics, Foundation of Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN), Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- ICANomics, Foundation of Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN), Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Natacha Sertour
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE, USC2019, Unité Biologie Et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Savannah Devente
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, Siena, I-53100, Italy
| | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, Siena, I-53100, Italy
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE, USC2019, Unité Biologie Et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, F-75015, France
- AP-HP, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie Clinique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, F-75015, France
| | | | - Mélanie Magnan
- Université Paris Cité, IAME, INSERM, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Etienne Ruppé
- Université Paris Cité, IAME, INSERM, Paris, F-75018, France
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Nathalie Grall
- Université Paris Cité, IAME, INSERM, Paris, F-75018, France
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Xavier Duval
- Université Paris Cité, IAME, INSERM, Paris, F-75018, France
- AP-HP, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1425, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Dusko Ehrlich
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
- University College London, Institute for Neurology, London, UK
| | - France Mentré
- Université Paris Cité, IAME, INSERM, Paris, F-75018, France
- AP-HP, Département d'Epidemiologie, Biostatistique and Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Erick Denamur
- Université Paris Cité, IAME, INSERM, Paris, F-75018, France
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Eduardo P C Rocha
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, 75015, France
| | | | - Charles Burdet
- Université Paris Cité, IAME, INSERM, Paris, F-75018, France.
- AP-HP, Département d'Epidemiologie, Biostatistique and Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France.
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9
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Álvarez-Pérez S, Rodríguez-Franco F, García-Sancho M, Tercero-Guerrero D, Sainz Á, García ME, Blanco JL. Analysis of the culturable gut yeast microbiota of dogs with digestive disorders. Res Vet Sci 2024; 168:105153. [PMID: 38219470 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in studying the gut mycobiota of dogs, the association between fungal colonization and the development of digestive disorders in this species remains largely understudied. On the other hand, the high prevalence of antifungal-resistant yeasts detected in previous studies in samples from animals represents a major threat to public health. We analyzed the presence of culturable yeasts in 112 rectal swab samples obtained from dogs with digestive disorders attended in a veterinary teaching hospital. Our results revealed that Malassezia pachydermatis was frequently isolated from the studied dog population (33.9% of samples), and that the isolation of this yeast was significantly associated to the age of animals, but not to their sex, disease group, or the presence of vomits and/or diarrhea. In contrast, other yeast species were less prevalent (17.9% of samples in total), and their isolation was not significantly associated to any variable included in the analysis. Additionally, we observed that 97.5% of the studied M. pachydermatis isolates (n = 158, 1-6 per positive episode) displayed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value >4 μg/ml to nystatin, 31.6% had a MIC ≥32 μg/ml to fluconazole, and 27.2% had a MIC >4 μg/ml to amphotericin B. The antifungal susceptibility profiles of non-Malassezia (n = 43, 1-7 per episode) were more variable and included elevated MIC values for some antifungal-species combinations. These results confirm that the intestine of dogs is a reservoir of opportunistic pathogenic yeasts and suggest that the prevalence of M. pachydermatis colonization depends more on the age of animals than on any specific digestive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Franco
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Mercedes García-Sancho
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Daniela Tercero-Guerrero
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ángel Sainz
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marta E García
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - José L Blanco
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
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10
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Das S, Konwar BK. Inhibiting pathogenicity of vaginal Candida albicans by lactic acid bacteria and MS analysis of their extracellular compounds. APMIS 2024; 132:161-186. [PMID: 38168754 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining healthy vaginal microflora post-puberty is critical. In this study we explore the potential of vaginal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their extracellular metabolites against the pathogenicity of Candida albicans. The probiotic culture free supernatant (PCFS) from Lactobacillus crispatus, L. gasseri, and L. vaginalis exhibit an inhibitory effect on budding, hyphae, and biofilm formation of C. albicans. LGPCFS manifested the best potential among the LAB PCFS, inhibiting budding for 24 h and restricting hyphae formation post-stimulation. LGPCFS also pre-eminently inhibited biofilm formation. Furthermore, L. gasseri itself grew under RPMI 1640 stimulation suppressing the biofilm formation of C. albicans. The PCFS from the LAB downregulated the hyphal genes of C. albicans, inhibiting the yeast transformation to fungi. Hyphal cell wall proteins HWP1, ALS3, ECE1, and HYR1 and transcription factors BCR1 and CPH1 were downregulated by the metabolites from LAB. Finally, the extracellular metabolome of the LAB was studied by LC-MS/MS analysis. L.gasseri produced the highest antifungal compounds and antibiotics, supporting its best activity against C. albicans. Vaginal LAB and their extracellular metabolites perpetuate C. albicans at an avirulent state. The metabolites produced by these LAB in vitro have been identified, and can be further exploited as a preventive measure against vaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreaya Das
- Department of MBBT, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, India
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11
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Rodriguez KA, Gurung M, Talatala R, Rearick JR, Ruebel ML, Stephens KE, Yeruva L. The Role of Early Life Gut Mycobiome on Child Health. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100185. [PMID: 38311313 PMCID: PMC10907404 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is composed of bacteria (microbiota or microbiome), fungi (mycobiome), viruses, and archaea, but most of the research is primarily focused on the bacterial component of this ecosystem. Besides bacteria, fungi have been shown to play a role in host health and physiologic functions. However, studies on mycobiota composition during infancy, the factors that might shape infant gut mycobiota, and implications to child health and development are limited. In this review, we discuss the factors likely shaping gut mycobiota, interkingdom interactions, and associations with child health outcomes and highlight the gaps in our current knowledge of this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Amber Rodriguez
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Manoj Gurung
- Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Little Rock, AR, United States; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Rachelanne Talatala
- Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jolene R Rearick
- Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Little Rock, AR, United States; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Meghan L Ruebel
- Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Little Rock, AR, United States; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Kimberly E Stephens
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Little Rock, AR, United States.
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Little Rock, AR, United States; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.
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12
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Garcia-Bustos V, Acosta-Hernández B, Cabañero-Navalón MD, Pemán J, Ruiz-Gaitán AC, Rosario Medina I. The Ecology of Non- Candida Yeasts and Dimorphic Fungi in Cetaceans: From Pathogenicity to Environmental and Global Health Implications. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:111. [PMID: 38392783 PMCID: PMC10889755 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cetaceans, which are integral to marine ecosystems, face escalating anthropogenic threats, including climate change and pollution, positioning them as critical sentinel species for ocean and human health. This review explores the neglected realm of non-Candida yeasts in cetaceans, addressing the gaps in the understanding of their prevalence, pathogenicity, and environmental impacts. By examining identified species such as Cryptococcus spp., Paracoccidioides spp., and several dimorphic fungi, this review emphasizes global prevalence, epidemiology and ecology, pathogenicity, and potential zoonotic implications. It also discusses the fine line between yeast commensalism and pathogenicity by considering environmental influences such as pollution, climate shifts, and immune suppression. Environmental impact discussions delve into how rising ocean temperatures and pollution can modify yeast mycobiota, potentially affecting marine host health and broader ecosystem dynamics. The cetacean's unique physiology and ecological niches are considered, highlighting potential impacts on behaviors, reproductive success, and survival rates. Identifying crucial knowledge gaps, the review calls for intensified research efforts, employing advanced molecular techniques to unravel the cetacean mycobiome. Systematic studies on yeast diversity, antifungal susceptibility, and their influence on environmental and ecosystem health are proposed, and the balance between commensal and pathogenic species emphasizes the significance of the One Health approach. In conclusion, as marine mammals face unprecedented challenges, unveiling non-Candida yeasts in cetaceans emerges as a critical endeavor with far-reaching implications for the conservation of marine ecosystems and for both animal and human public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Garcia-Bustos
- Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Security (ULPGC-IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
- Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Acosta-Hernández
- Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Security (ULPGC-IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | | | - Javier Pemán
- Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Rosario Medina
- Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Security (ULPGC-IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
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13
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Li R, Li J, Zhou X. Lung microbiome: new insights into the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:19. [PMID: 38228603 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The lungs were long thought to be sterile until technical advances uncovered the presence of the lung microbial community. The microbiome of healthy lungs is mainly derived from the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome but also has its own characteristic flora. The selection mechanisms in the lung, including clearance by coughing, pulmonary macrophages, the oscillation of respiratory cilia, and bacterial inhibition by alveolar surfactant, keep the microbiome transient and mobile, which is different from the microbiome in other organs. The pulmonary bacteriome has been intensively studied recently, but relatively little research has focused on the mycobiome and virome. This up-to-date review retrospectively summarizes the lung microbiome's history, composition, and function. We focus on the interaction of the lung microbiome with the oropharynx and gut microbiome and emphasize the role it plays in the innate and adaptive immune responses. More importantly, we focus on multiple respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and pneumonia. The impact of the lung microbiome on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and lung cancer has also been comprehensively studied. Furthermore, by summarizing the therapeutic potential of the lung microbiome in lung diseases and examining the shortcomings of the field, we propose an outlook of the direction of lung microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruomeng Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xikun Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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14
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Luecke E, Brunner J, Stegemann-Koniszewski S, Kaasch A, Bauer K, Geginat G, Hachenberg T, Schilling T, Schwarze LL, Schreiber J. [Bacterial load of the surroundings during rigid diagnostic bronchoscopy under high frequency jet-ventilation]. Pneumologie 2024. [PMID: 38198806 DOI: 10.1055/a-2229-4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is used in pneumological endoscopy for rigid, diagnostic, and therapeutic bronchoscopies. It is unclear to what extent the unobstructed flow of respiratory gas from the patient's lungs causes microbial contamination of the surrounding air. MATERIAL AND METHODS After the start of the HFJV (15 min) in 16 rigid bronchoscopies, airborne pathogen measurements were taken directly at the distal endoscope outlet, at examiner height (40 cm above the endoscope outlet), at a 2 m distance from the endoscope in the room and at the supply air outlet of the examination room using an RCS air sampler. The number and type of pathogens isolated in the air samples were then determined, as well as germs in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the patient's lungs. RESULTS An increased bacterial density (136 and 114 CFU/m3) was detected directly at the distal end of the endoscope and at examiner height at a distance of 40 cm, which decreased significantly with increasing distance from the bronchoscope (98 CFU/m3 at a distance of 2 m and 82 CFU/m3 at the supply air outlet). The most frequently detected bacteria were Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. In the BALF, pathogens could only be cultivated in four of 16 samples, but the same pathogens were detected in the BALF and the ambient air. CONCLUSION When performing a rigid bronchoscopy, in which patients are mechanically ventilated in a controlled manner using an open HFJV system, there is an increased pathogen load in the ambient air and therefore a potential risk for the examiner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Luecke
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Juliane Brunner
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | | | - Achim Kaasch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Katja Bauer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Gernot Geginat
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Hachenberg
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Schilling
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Lisa-Lisett Schwarze
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
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15
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Baramidze V, Sella L, Japaridze T, Abashidze N, Lamazoshvili D, Dzotsenidze N, Tomashvili G. Long amplicon nanopore sequencing of Botrytis cinerea and other fungal species present in infected grapevine leaf samples. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpad042. [PMID: 38229686 PMCID: PMC10789308 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a well-known plant pathogen responsible for grey mould disease infecting more than 500 plant species. It is listed as the second most important plant pathogen scientifically and economically. Its impact is particularly severe in grapes since it affects both the yield of grape berries and the quality of wines. While various methods for detecting B. cinerea have been investigated, the application of Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) for complete ribosomal operon sequencing, which has proven effective in human and animal fungal research and diagnostics, has not yet been explored in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) disease research. In this study, we sequenced complete ribosomal operons (∼5.5 kb amplicons), which encompass the 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and 28S regions, from both pure cultures of B. cinerea and infected grapevine leaf samples. Minimap2, a sequence alignment tool integrated into the EPI2ME software, served as a taxonomy classifier, utilizing the custom reference database FRODO. The results demonstrate that B. cinerea was detectable when this pathogen was not the dominant fungal species in leaf samples. Additionally, the method facilitates host DNA-free sequencing and might have a good potential to distinguish other pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal species hosted within grapevine's infected leaves, such as Alternaria alternata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces boulardii, Mucor racemosus, and Ascochyta rabie. The sequences were uploaded to the NCBI database. Long amplicon sequencing method has the capacity to be broadened to other susceptible crops and pathogens, as a valuable tool for early grey rot detection and mycobiome research. Future large-scale studies are needed to overcome challenges, such as comprehensive reference databases for complete fungal ribosomal operons for grape mycobiome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimer Baramidze
- Department of Plant Protection, , Agricultural University of Georgia, Kakha Bendukidze University Campus, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia
| | - Luca Sella
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Tamar Japaridze
- Department of Plant Protection, , Agricultural University of Georgia, Kakha Bendukidze University Campus, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia
| | - Nino Abashidze
- Department of Plant Protection, , Agricultural University of Georgia, Kakha Bendukidze University Campus, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia
| | - Daviti Lamazoshvili
- Department of Plant Protection, , Agricultural University of Georgia, Kakha Bendukidze University Campus, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia
| | - Nino Dzotsenidze
- Department of Plant Protection, , Agricultural University of Georgia, Kakha Bendukidze University Campus, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia
| | - Giorgi Tomashvili
- Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health (NCDC), Tbilisi 0198, Georgia
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16
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Alexiev A, Melie T, Martindale R, Delacey C, Quandt CA, McKenzie VJ. Mr. Toad's Wild Fungi: Fungal Isolate Diversity on Colorado Boreal Toads and their Capacity for Pathogen Inhibition. FUNGAL ECOL 2023; 66:101297. [PMID: 38487623 PMCID: PMC10938945 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The amphibian skin pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has caused an ongoing biodiversity crisis, including in the locally endangered Colorado boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas). Although researchers have investigated the bacteria living on amphibian skin and how they interact with Bd, there is less information about fungal community members. This study describes (1) the diversity of culturable fungi from boreal toad skin, (2) which subset of these isolates is Bd-inhibitory, and (3) how Bd affects these isolates' growth and morphology. Most isolates were from the orders Capnodiales, Helotiales, and Pleosporales. Of 16 isolates tested for Bd-inhibition, two from the genus Neobulgaria and three from Pseudeurotium inhibited Bd. Fungal growth in co-culture with Bd varied with weak statistical support for Neobulgaria sp. (isolate BTF_36) and cf Psychrophila (isolate BTF_60) (p-values = 0.076 and 0.092, respectively). Fungal morphology remained unchanged in co-culture with Bd, however, these results could be attributed to low replication per isolate. Nonetheless, two fungal isolates' growth may have been affected by Bd, implying that fungal growth changes in Bd co-culture could be a variable worth measuring in the future (with higher replication). These findings add to the sparse but growing literature on amphibian-associated fungi and suggest further study may uncover the relevance of fungi to amphibian health and Bd infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Alexiev
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
| | - Tina Melie
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
| | - Rachel Martindale
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
| | - Cameron Delacey
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
| | - C. Alisha Quandt
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
| | - Valerie J. McKenzie
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
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17
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Yoon H, Park S, Jun YK, Choi Y, Shin CM, Park YS, Kim N, Lee DH. Evaluation of Bacterial and Fungal Biomarkers for Differentiation and Prognosis of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2882. [PMID: 38138026 PMCID: PMC10745905 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate bacterial and fungal biomarkers to differentiate patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), predict the IBD prognosis, and determine the relationship of these biomarkers with IBD pathogenesis. The composition and function of bacteria and fungi in stool from 100 IBD patients and 97 controls were profiled using next-generation sequencing. We evaluated the cumulative risk of relapse according to bacterial and fungal enterotypes. The microbiome and mycobiome alpha diversity in IBD patients were significantly lower and higher than in the controls, respectively; the micro/mycobiome beta diversity differed significantly between IBD patients and the controls. Ruminococcus gnavus, Cyberlindnera jadinii, and Candida tropicalis increased in IBD patients. Combining functional and species analyses revealed that lower sugar import and higher modified polysaccharide production were associated with IBD pathogenesis. Tricarboxylic acid cycling consuming acetyl CoA was higher in IBD patients than the controls, leading to lower short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) fermentation. Bacterial and fungal enterotypes were not associated with IBD relapse. We found differences in bacterial and fungal species between IBD patients and controls. A working model for the role of gut bacteria in IBD pathogenesis is proposed, wherein bacterial species increase modified N-glycan production and decrease SCFA fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
| | - Yonghoon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.J.); (Y.C.); (C.M.S.); (Y.S.P.); (N.K.); (D.H.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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18
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Harel N, Ogen-Shtern N, Reshef L, Biran D, Ron EZ, Gophna U. Skin microbiome bacteria enriched following long sun exposure can reduce oxidative damage. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104138. [PMID: 37722498 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Sun exposure is harmful to the skin and increases the risk of skin aging and skin cancer. Here we examined the effects of daily exposure to sun radiation on the skin microbiome in order to determine whether skim microbiome bacteria can contribute to protection from solar damage. Skin swabs were collected from ten lifeguards before and after the summer to analyse the skin microbiome. The results indicate that specific skin microbiome bacteria were enriched following the seasonal sun exposure. Especially interesting were two bacterial families - Sphingomonas and Erythrobacteraceae - which may have the ability to protect against UV radiation as they produce potentially protective compounds. We concentrated on a Sphingomonas strain and could show that it was highly resistant to UV irradiation and was able to reduce reactive oxygen species levels in human keratinocytes. These results provide a proof-of-concept for the role of the skin microbiome in protection from solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Harel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel; Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Navit Ogen-Shtern
- The Skin Research Institute, Dead Sea and Arava Science Center and Eilat Campus, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Leah Reshef
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Dvora Biran
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Eliora Z Ron
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Uri Gophna
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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19
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Kucukkaya IC, Gulsever CI, Dolas I, Genc GE, Kuskucu MA, Sabanci PA, Erturan Z. First case of Rhinocladiella mackenziei brain abscess in Turkey: Case report and review of the literature. Mycoses 2023; 66:755-766. [PMID: 37165906 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhinocladiella mackenziei is a highly neurotropic fungus, mainly reported from the Middle East. However, in recent years, there have been some cases from outside this region. We described an additional fatal case of R. mackenziei cerebral infection for the first time from Turkey and made a literature review of all previously reported cases. During 34 years (1988-2022), there have been 42 R. mackenziei brain abscess cases. Most patients have been reported from Saudi Arabia (n = 14, 33.3%). It is noteworthy that 40.5% of patients, including our case, were immunocompetent at initial diagnosis and mostly presented with a single lesion (n = 10, 23.8%). The most frequent comorbidities were solid organ transplant (n = 9, 21.4%), diabetes mellitus (n = 6, 14.3%), malignancy (n = 6, 14.3%) and prior surgery (n = 3, 7.1%). The most commonly used initial antifungal regimen were amphotericin B together with itraconazole (n = 9, 21.4%), combinations of lipid preparations of amphotericin B, voriconazole and/or posaconazole (n = 9, 21.4%) and amphotericin B alone (n = 8, 19%). Although both surgical procedures and antifungal medication in the majority of patients were performed, mortality rates remained high (90.4%). The area at risk of R. mackenziei cerebral abscess cases extends to other countries. Clinicians should be aware of this emerging disease and take a detailed travel history in patients with atypical and undocumented brain abscesses. Our case confirms the hypothesis that this fungus might spread more widely than previously predicted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cafer Ikbal Gulsever
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Dolas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonca Erkose Genc
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Ahmet Kuskucu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- İş-Bank Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pulat Akin Sabanci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zayre Erturan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Pérez-Cobas AE, Rodríguez-Beltrán J, Baquero F, Coque TM. Ecology of the respiratory tract microbiome. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:972-984. [PMID: 37173205 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A thriving multi-kingdom microbial ecosystem inhabits the respiratory tract: the respiratory tract microbiome (RTM). In recent years, the contribution of the RTM to human health has become a crucial research aspect. However, research into the key ecological processes, such as robustness, resilience, and microbial interaction networks, has only recently started. This review leans on an ecological framework to interpret the human RTM and determine how the ecosystem functions and assembles. Specifically, the review illustrates the ecological RTM models and discusses microbiome establishment, community structure, diversity stability, and critical microbial interactions. Lastly, the review outlines the RTM responses to ecological disturbances, as well as the promising approaches for restoring ecological balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Pérez-Cobas
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; CIBER in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; CIBER in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa M Coque
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; CIBER in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
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21
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Rapala-Kozik M, Surowiec M, Juszczak M, Wronowska E, Kulig K, Bednarek A, Gonzalez-Gonzalez M, Karkowska-Kuleta J, Zawrotniak M, Satała D, Kozik A. Living together: The role of Candida albicans in the formation of polymicrobial biofilms in the oral cavity. Yeast 2023; 40:303-317. [PMID: 37190878 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity of humans is colonized by diversity of microbial community, although dominated by bacteria, it is also constituted by a low number of fungi, often represented by Candida albicans. Although in the vast minority, this usually commensal fungus under certain conditions of the host (e.g., immunosuppression or antibiotic therapy), can transform into an invasive pathogen that adheres to mucous membranes and also to medical or dental devices, causing mucosal infections. This transformation is correlated with changes in cell morphology from yeast-like cells to hyphae and is supported by numerous virulence factors exposed by C. albicans cells at the site of infection, such as multifunctional adhesins, degradative enzymes, or toxin. All of them affect the surrounding host cells or proteins, leading to their destruction. However, at the site of infection, C. albicans can interact with different bacterial species and in its filamentous form may produce biofilms-the elaborated consortia of microorganisms, that present increased ability to host colonization and resistance to antimicrobial agents. In this review, we highlight the modification of the infectious potential of C. albicans in contact with different bacterial species, and also consider the mutual bacterial-fungal relationships, involving cooperation, competition, or antagonism, that lead to an increase in the propagation of oral infection. The mycofilm of C. albicans is an excellent hiding place for bacteria, especially those that prefer low oxygen availability, where microbial cells during mutual co-existence can avoid host recognition or elimination by antimicrobial action. However, these microbial relationships, identified mainly in in vitro studies, are modified depending on the complexity of host conditions and microbial dominance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Surowiec
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Juszczak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wronowska
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Kulig
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Bednarek
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miriam Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Zawrotniak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Satała
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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22
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Okuno K, Tokunaga M, Von Hoff D, Kinugasa Y, Goel A. Intratumoral Malasseziaglobosa Levels Predict Survival and Therapeutic Response to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:502-504.e2. [PMID: 37119937 PMCID: PMC10405668 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okuno
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, California; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Tokunaga
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Von Hoff
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Yusuke Kinugasa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, California; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California.
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23
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Li F, Gao Y, Cheng W, Su X, Yang R. Gut fungal mycobiome: A significant factor of tumor occurrence and development. Cancer Lett 2023; 569:216302. [PMID: 37451425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists, archaea and protozoa coexists within the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract such as that fungi are detectable in all intestinal and colon segments in almost all healthy adults. Although fungi can cause infectious diseases, they are also related to gut and systemic homeostasis. Importantly, through transformation of different forms such as from yeast to hyphae, interaction among gut microbiota such as fungal and bacterial interaction, host factors such as immune and host derived factors, and fungus genetic and epigenetic factors, fungi can be transformed from commensal into pathogenic lifestyles. Recent studies have shown that fungi play a significant role in the occurrence and development of tumors such as colorectal cancer. Indeed, evidences have shown that multiple species of different fungi exist in different tumors. Studies have also demonstrated that fungi are related to the occurrence and development of tumors, and also survival of patients. Here we summarize recent advances in the transformation of fungi from commensal into pathogenic lifestyles, and the effects of gut pathogenic fungi on the occurrence and development of tumors such as colorectal and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenyue Cheng
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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24
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Centeno-Martinez RE, Mohan S, Davidson JL, Schoonmaker JP, Ault A, Verma MS, Johnson TA. The bovine nasal fungal community and associations with bovine respiratory disease. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1165994. [PMID: 37441557 PMCID: PMC10335396 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1165994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Effective identification and treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an ongoing health and economic issue for the dairy and beef cattle industries. Bacteria pathogens Pasteurellamultocida, Mycoplasmabovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Histophilus somni and the virus Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPIV-3), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Bovine adenovirus 3 (BAdV3), bovine coronavirus (BoCV) and Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) have commonly been identified in BRD cattle; however, no studies have investigated the fungal community and how it may also relate to BRD. Methods The objective of this study was to understand if the nasal mycobiome differs between a BRD-affected (n = 56) and visually healthy (n = 73) Holstein steers. Fungal nasal community was determined by using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing. Results The phyla, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and the genera, Trichosporon and Issatchenkia, were the most abundant among all animals, regardless of health status. We identified differences between healthy and BRD animals in abundance of Trichosporon and Issatchenkia orientalis at a sub-species level that could be a potential indicator of BRD. No differences were observed in the nasal fungal alpha and beta diversity between BRD and healthy animals. However, the fungal community structure was affected based on season, specifically when comparing samples collected in the summer to the winter season. We then performed a random forest model, based on the fungal community and abundance of the BRD-pathobionts (qPCR data generated from a previous study using the same animals), to classify healthy and BRD animals and determine the agreement with visual diagnosis. Classification of BRD or healthy animals using ITS sequencing was low and agreed with the visual diagnosis with an accuracy of 51.9%. A portion of the ITS-predicted BRD animals were not predicted based on the abundance of BRD pathobionts. Lastly, fungal and bacterial co-occurrence were more common in BRD animals than healthy animals. Discussion The results from this novel study provide a baseline understanding of the fungal diversity and composition in the nasal cavity of BRD and healthy animals, upon which future interaction studies, including other nasal microbiome members to further understand and accurately diagnose BRD, can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suraj Mohan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Josiah Levi Davidson
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jon P. Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Aaron Ault
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mohit S. Verma
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Timothy A. Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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25
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Oseni SO, Naar C, Pavlović M, Asghar W, Hartmann JX, Fields GB, Esiobu N, Kumi-Diaka J. The Molecular Basis and Clinical Consequences of Chronic Inflammation in Prostatic Diseases: Prostatitis, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3110. [PMID: 37370720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is now recognized as one of the major risk factors and molecular hallmarks of chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammation signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of these prostate diseases are poorly understood. Previous efforts to therapeutically target the upstream (e.g., TLRs and IL1-Rs) and downstream (e.g., NF-κB subunits and cytokines) inflammatory signaling molecules in people with these conditions have been clinically ambiguous and unsatisfactory, hence fostering the recent paradigm shift towards unraveling and understanding the functional roles and clinical significance of the novel and relatively underexplored inflammatory molecules and pathways that could become potential therapeutic targets in managing prostatic diseases. In this review article, we exclusively discuss the causal and molecular drivers of prostatitis, BPH, and prostate tumorigenesis, as well as the potential impacts of microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammation in promoting prostate pathologies. We specifically focus on the importance of some of the underexplored druggable inflammatory molecules, by discussing how their aberrant signaling could promote prostate cancer (PCa) stemness, neuroendocrine differentiation, castration resistance, metabolic reprogramming, and immunosuppression. The potential contribution of the IL1R-TLR-IRAK-NF-κBs signaling molecules and NLR/inflammasomes in prostate pathologies, as well as the prospective benefits of selectively targeting the midstream molecules in the various inflammatory cascades, are also discussed. Though this review concentrates more on PCa, we envision that the information could be applied to other prostate diseases. In conclusion, we have underlined the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that may need to be targeted and/or further investigated to better understand the association between chronic inflammation and prostate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed Oluwasina Oseni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Corey Naar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Mirjana Pavlović
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - James X Hartmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and I-HEALTH, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Nwadiuto Esiobu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - James Kumi-Diaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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26
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Logoń K, Świrkosz G, Nowak M, Wrześniewska M, Szczygieł A, Gomułka K. The Role of the Microbiome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Asthma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1618. [PMID: 37371713 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma is significant. The purpose of this article is to show the interplay between asthma and the microbiome, and main areas that require further research are also highlighted. The literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. After a screening process of studies published before May 2023, a total of 128 articles were selected in our paper. The pre-treatment bronchial microbiome in asthmatic patients plays a role in their responsiveness to treatment. Gut microbiota and its dysbiosis can contribute to immune system modulation and the development of asthma. The association between the microbiome and asthma is complex. Further research is necessary to clarify which factors might moderate that relationship. An appropriate gut microbiome and its intestinal metabolites are a protective factor for asthma development. Prebiotics and certain dietary strategies may have a prophylactic or therapeutic effect, but more research is needed to establish final conclusions. Although the evidence regarding probiotics is ambiguous, and most meta-analyses do not support the use of probiotic intake to reduce asthma, several of the most recent studies have provided promising effects. Further studies should focus on the investigation of specific strains and the examination of their mechanistic and genetic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Logoń
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Gabriela Świrkosz
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Nowak
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martyna Wrześniewska
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczygieł
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gomułka
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
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27
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Gillen A, Catherine Archer D. Epidemiology of Colic: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023:S0749-0739(23)00017-2. [PMID: 37268523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies are essential for the generation of evidence-based, preventive health care strategies. This includes ways to minimize colic risk and assist informed decision making concerning diagnosis, treatment, and likely outcomes. It is important to consider that colic is not a simple "disease" but is a syndrome of abdominal pain that encompasses multiple different disease processes, and which is multifactorial in nature. This review focuses on prevention and diagnosis of colic, including specific forms of colic, communications with owners/carers concerning colic risk and management, and areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gillen
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Catherine Archer
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
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28
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Jiang Y, Donati V, Peters GJ, Giovannetti E, Deng DM. Fungal mycobiome-mediated immune response: a non-negligible promoter in pancreatic oncogenesis and chemoresistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:284-290. [PMID: 37457135 PMCID: PMC10344719 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers in humans due to late diagnosis and poor response to treatments. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC is characterized by a distinctive, suppressive immune profile, which inhibits the protective functions of anti-tumor immunity and thereby contributes to PDAC progression. Recently, the study of Alam et al. discovered for the first time that the intratumoral fungal mycobiome could contribute to the recruitment and activation of type 2 immune cells in the TME of PDAC via enhancing the secretion of a chemoattractant, interleukin (IL-) 33. In this article, we reviewed the important findings of this study. Together with our findings, we synthetically discussed the role of the fungal mycobiome in orchestrating the immune response and thereby modulating tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Jiang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 LA, Netherlands
| | - Valentina Donati
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
- Unit of Pathological Anatomy 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - Godefridus J. Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-210, Poland
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa 56017, Italy
| | - Dong Mei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 LA, Netherlands
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29
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Yue R, Chen H, Xu X, Xia Y, Sun Y, Xia M, Xia D, Sun B. Maternal and infantile gut mycobiome during the weaning period in free ranging Tibetan macaques ( Macaca thibetana). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10108. [PMID: 37214608 PMCID: PMC10196218 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome is critical to the health of mammals. Many previous studies have revealed the gut bacterial microbiomes of mother and infant changed significantly during the weaning period. However, little is known concerning the gut mycobiome of wild primates. Here, we examined the variations on gut mycobiome between weaning and post-weaning for both mother and infant in wild-living Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana). Our results showed that the gut mycobiomes of mother and infant were dominated by two phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. For both mother and infant, the ASV richness of gut mycobiome remained relatively steady from weaning to post-weaning periods, while the Shannon indexes increased significant in weaning compared to post-weaning periods. However, no significant difference between mother and infant ASV richness and Shannon indexes during weaning and post-weaning periods respectively. Compared to mothers, we found that much more known taxa of gut fungi were enriched in weaning or post-weaning periods of infants. In particular, we found that the dominant genus Aspergillus was enriched in infants during weaning period. Furthermore, we found that the relative abundance of plant pathogens were significantly higher in the post-weaning period than in the weaning period for infants. Our results indicated that weaning events could affect the gut mycobiome significantly for both mothers and infant in Tibetan macaques, which had a stronger effect on the gut mycobiome of infant monkeys than on their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yue
- School of Resource and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Huijuan Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- School of Life SciencesHefei Normal UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yingna Xia
- School of Resource and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Resource and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Mengyi Xia
- School of Resource and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Dongpo Xia
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Binghua Sun
- School of Resource and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
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Tian Y, Gou W, Ma Y, Shuai M, Liang X, Fu Y, Zheng JS. The Short-Term Variation of Human Gut Mycobiome in Response to Dietary Intervention of Different Macronutrient Distributions. Nutrients 2023; 15:2152. [PMID: 37432284 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
While the human gut is home to a complex and diverse community of microbes, including bacteria and fungi, research on the gut microbiome has largely focused on bacteria, with relatively little attention given to the gut mycobiome. This study aims to investigate how diets with different dietary macronutrient distributions impact the gut mycobiome. We investigated gut mycobiome response to high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HC) and low-carbohydrate high-fat (LC) diet interventions based on a series of 72-day feeding-based n-of-1 clinical trials. A total of 30 participants were enrolled and underwent three sets of HC and LC dietary interventions in a randomized sequence. Each set lasted for 24 days with a 6-day washout period between dietary interventions. We collected and analyzed the fungal composition of 317 stool samples before and after each intervention period. To account for intra-individual variation across the three sets, we averaged the mycobiome data from the repeated sets for analysis. Of the 30 participants, 28 (aged 22-34 years) completed the entire intervention. Our results revealed a significant increase in gut fungal alpha diversity (p < 0.05) and significant changes in fungal composition (beta diversity, p < 0.05) after the HC dietary intervention. Specifically, we observed the enrichment of five fungal genera (Pleurotus, Kazachstania, Auricularia, Paraphaeosphaeria, Ustilaginaceae sp.; FDR < 0.052) and depletion of one fungal genus (Blumeria; FDR = 0.03) after the HC intervention. After the LC dietary intervention, one fungal genus was enriched (Ustilaginaceae sp.; FDR = 0.003), and five fungal genera were depleted (Blumeria, Agaricomycetes spp., Malassezia, Rhizopus, and Penicillium; FDR < 0.1). This study provides novel evidence on how the gut mycobiome structure and composition change in response to the HC and LC dietary interventions and reveals diet-specific changes in the fungal genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Tian
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Wanglong Gou
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Menglei Shuai
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Xinxiu Liang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Yuanqing Fu
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310030, China
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Harel N, Shtern NO, Reshef L, Biran D, Ron EZ, Gophna U. Skin microbiome bacteria enriched following long sun exposure can reduce oxidative damage: a 5-month preliminary study of ten lifeguards. Res Microbiol 2023:104059. [PMID: 37080259 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin microbiome is important for skin health and protection against solar damage. Sun exposure can cause long-term harm and increase the risk of skin aging and skin cancer. Here we examined the effects of daily exposure to sun radiation on the skin microbiome in order to determine whether skin microbiome bacteria can contribute to protection from solar damage. METHODS Skin swabs were collected from ten lifeguards before and after the summer season to analyze changes in the skin microbiome. The bacteria which were enriched after the summer were chosen for further studies to assess their response to solar radiation and potential effect on skin health. RESULT The study indicates that specific skin microbiome bacteria were enriched after seasonal sun exposure. Two of these, Sphingomonas and Erythrobacteraceae, may have the ability to protect against UV radiation as they produce potentially protective compounds. Indeed, further analysis showed that a Sphingomonas spp. was able to reduce reactive oxygen species levels in human keratinocytes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that members of the skin microbiome can enhance protection from solar radiation damage and contribute to human health. The findings provide a proof-of-concept for the role of the skin microbiome in promoting skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Harel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University.
| | - Navit Ogen Shtern
- The skin research institute, Dead Sea and Arava Science Center and Eilat campus, Ben Gurion University of the Negev.
| | - Leah Reshef
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Dvora Biran
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Eliora Z Ron
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Uri Gophna
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Rozaliyani A, Antariksa B, Nurwidya F, Zaini J, Setianingrum F, Hasan F, Nugrahapraja H, Yusva H, Wibowo H, Bowolaksono A, Kosmidis C. The Fungal and Bacterial Interface in the Respiratory Mycobiome with a Focus on Aspergillus spp. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041017. [PMID: 37109545 PMCID: PMC10142979 DOI: 10.3390/life13041017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the lung microbiome and its alteration are prevalently seen among chronic lung diseases patients. However, studies to date have primarily focused on the bacterial microbiome in the lung rather than fungal composition, which might play an essential role in the mechanisms of several chronic lung diseases. It is now well established that Aspergillus spp. colonies may induce various unfavorable inflammatory responses. Furthermore, bacterial microbiomes such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa provide several mechanisms that inhibit or stimulate Aspergillus spp. life cycles. In this review, we highlighted fungal and bacterial microbiome interactions in the respiratory tract, with a focus on Aspergillus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rozaliyani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Budhi Antariksa
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Fariz Nurwidya
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Jamal Zaini
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Findra Setianingrum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Firman Hasan
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Husna Nugrahapraja
- Life Science and Biotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40312, Indonesia
| | - Humaira Yusva
- Magister Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Anom Bowolaksono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Chris Kosmidis
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
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Alharfi S, Furey N, Al-Shakhshir H, Ghannoum M, Cooper GS. Fecal Microbiome Associated with Both Colon Adenomas and Lifetime Colorectal Cancer Risk. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:1492-1499. [PMID: 35986796 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing data indicates the gut flora including bacteria and fungi combined with environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Understanding differences in the microbiome in patients with colon neoplasia will foster the development of biomarkers for early detection. AIMS Determine the association of microbiome with presence of adenomas and predicted CRC risk. METHODS In subjects referred for colonoscopy, the NCI CRC risk assessment tool was completed and stool for microbiome analysis as well as fecal immunochemical test (FIT) were collected. We calculated the microbiome alpha diversity using the Shannon index as well as individual bacterial and fungal species. RESULTS Among 34 patients, we identified 10 with one or more adenomas. Only 2 patients were FIT positive. The median predicted lifetime CRC risk was 2.75% and the prevalence of adenoma was higher in the fourth quartile (P < 0.001). The measured alpha diversity was somewhat higher in patients with adenomas (P = 0.07). We identified 4 bacterial species with an increased relative abundance among patients with adenomas [P < 0.5]. Lifetime CRC risk was associated with 2 specific bacterial species, P. distasonis & E. hermannii [P = 0.05 & 0.09, respectively]. No associations were seen with fungal species and adenoma prevalence or lifetime CRC risk. CONCLUSIONS In addition to a strong correlation of predicted CRC risk and adenoma prevalence, we also found important differences in specific bacterial species and both adenoma prevalence and CRC risk. Larger trials are needed to potentially implement further data in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alharfi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nancy Furey
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106-5066, USA
| | - Hilmi Al-Shakhshir
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mahmoud Ghannoum
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gregory S Cooper
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106-5066, USA.
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Weiner A, Turjeman S, Koren O. Gut microbes and host behavior: The forgotten members of the gut-microbiome. Neuropharmacology 2023; 227:109453. [PMID: 36738776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota refers to an entire population of microorganisms that colonize the gut. This community includes viruses, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and eukaryotes (fungi and parasites). Multiple studies in the last decades described the significant involvement of gut bacteria in gut-brain axis communication; however, the involvement of other members of the gut microbiota has been neglected. Recent studies found that these 'forgotten' members of the gut microbiota may also have a role in gut-brain communication, although it is still unclear whether they have a direct effect on the brain or if their effects are mediated by gut bacteria. Here, we provide concrete suggestions for future research to tease out mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microbiome & the Brain: Mechanisms & Maladies".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Weiner
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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Zhao Y, Yi J, Xiang J, Jia W, Chen A, Chen L, Zheng L, Zhou W, Wu M, Yu Z, Tang J. Exploration of lung mycobiome in the patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:81. [PMID: 36966280 PMCID: PMC10039514 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) progresses, the relationship between microbes and human health has been receiving increasing attention. A growing number of reports support the correlation between cancer and microbes. However, most studies have focused on bacteria, rather than fungal communities. In this study, we studied the alteration in lung mycobiome in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using metagenomic sequencing and qPCR. The higher fungal diversity and more complex network were observed in the patients with NSCLC. In addition, Alternaria arborescens was found as the most relevant fungus to NSCLC, and the enrichment of it in cancerous tissue was also detected. This study proposes that the changes in fungal communities may be closely related to lung cancer, and provides insights into further exploration the relationship between lung cancer and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junqi Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Anqi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liyu Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Leliang Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jingqun Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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36
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The Role of the Mycobiome in Women’s Health. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030348. [PMID: 36983516 PMCID: PMC10051763 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the human bacteriome and virome have gained a great deal of attention over the years, the human mycobiome has been far more neglected despite having significant value and implications in human health. In women, mycobiome profiles in breastmilk, vaginal regions, the gut, skin, and the oral cavity can provide insight into women’s health, diseases, and microbiome dysbiosis. Analyses of mycobiome composition under factors, such as health, age, diet, weight, and drug exposure (including antibiotic therapies), help to elucidate the various roles of women’s mycobiome in homeostasis, microbiome interactions (synergistic and antagonistic), and health. This review summarizes the most recent updates to mycobiome knowledge in these critical areas.
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Oliveira M, Pinto M, Simões H, Gomes JP, Veríssimo C, Sabino R. Molecular detection of Aspergillus in respiratory samples collected from patients at higher risk of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Infect Dis Now 2023; 53:104633. [PMID: 36375764 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aspergillosis diagnosis depends on the detection of Aspergillus in biological samples ─ usually using cultural and immunoenzyme techniques ─ but their sensitivity and specificity varies. We aimed to study the prevalence of Aspergillus in patients at higher risk of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (i.e., HIV-infected patients and individuals with active or previous tuberculosis), and to determine the potential role of molecular approaches to increase detection of Aspergillus in respiratory samples. METHODS The DNA extracted from 43 respiratory samples that had been previously analyzed by immunoenzyme and/or cultural techniques was amplified by real-time multiplex PCR, and the results of these methods were compared. We also sequenced the ITS1 region and the calmodulin gene in 10 respiratory samples to perform a pilot metagenomic study to understand the ability of this methodology to detect potential pathogenic fungi in the lung mycobiome. RESULTS Real-time Aspergillus PCR test exhibited a higher positivity rate than the conventional techniques used for aspergillosis diagnosis, particularly in individuals at risk for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. The metagenomic analysis allowed for the detection of various potentially pathogenic fungi. CONCLUSIONS Molecular techniques, including metagenomics, have great ability to detect potentially pathogenic fungi rapidly and efficiently in human biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oliveira
- Animal Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Reference Unit for Parasitic and Fungal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - M Pinto
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - H Simões
- Reference Unit for Parasitic and Fungal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - J P Gomes
- Reference Unit for Parasitic and Fungal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - C Veríssimo
- Reference Unit for Parasitic and Fungal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - R Sabino
- Reference Unit for Parasitic and Fungal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Arfken AM, Frey JF, Carrillo NI, Dike NI, Onyeachonamm O, Rivera DN, Davies CP, Summers KL. Porcine fungal mock community analyses: Implications for mycobiome investigations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:928353. [PMID: 36844394 PMCID: PMC9945231 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.928353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The gut microbiome is an integral partner in host health and plays a role in immune development, altered nutrition, and pathogen prevention. The mycobiome (fungal microbiome) is considered part of the rare biosphere but is still a critical component in health. Next generation sequencing has improved our understanding of fungi in the gut, but methodological challenges remain. Biases are introduced during DNA isolation, primer design and choice, polymerase selection, sequencing platform selection, and data analyses, as fungal reference databases are often incomplete or contain erroneous sequences. Methods Here, we compared the accuracy of taxonomic identifications and abundances from mycobiome analyses which vary among three commonly selected target gene regions (18S, ITS1, or ITS2) and the reference database (UNITE - ITS1, ITS2 and SILVA - 18S). We analyze multiple communities including individual fungal isolates, a mixed mock community created from five common fungal isolates found in weanling piglet feces, a purchased commercial fungal mock community, and piglet fecal samples. In addition, we calculated gene copy numbers for the 18S, ITS1, and ITS2 regions of each of the five isolates from the piglet fecal mock community to determine whether copy number affects abundance estimates. Finally, we determined the abundance of taxa from several iterations of our in-house fecal community to assess the effects of community composition on taxon abundance. Results Overall, no marker-database combination consistently outperformed the others. Internal transcribed space markers were slightly superior to 18S in the identification of species in tested communities, but Lichtheimia corymbifera, a common member of piglet gut communities, was not amplified by ITS1 and ITS2 primers. Thus, ITS based abundance estimates of taxa in piglet mock communities were skewed while 18S marker profiles were more accurate. Kazachstania slooffiae displayed the most stable copy numbers (83-85) while L. corymbifera displayed significant variability (90-144) across gene regions. Discussion This study underscores the importance of preliminary studies to assess primer combinations and database choice for the mycobiome sample of interest and raises questions regarding the validity of fungal abundance estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Arfken
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Juli Foster Frey
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Nora Isabel Carrillo
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Nneka Ijeoma Dike
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Ogechukwu Onyeachonamm
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Daniela Nieves Rivera
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Cary Pirone Davies
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Katie Lynn Summers
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Katie Lynn Summers,
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Effects of Fermented Food Consumption on Non-Communicable Diseases. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040687. [PMID: 36832762 PMCID: PMC9956079 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal flora consists of several microbial strains in variable combinations in both healthy and sick humans. To prevent the risk of the onset of disease and perform normal metabolic and physiological functions with improved immunity, a balance between the host and gastrointestinal flora must be maintained. Disruption of the gut microbiota triggered by various factors causes several health problems, which promote the progression of diseases. Probiotics and fermented foods act as carriers of live environmental microbes and play a vital role in maintaining good health. These foods have a positive effect on the consumer by promoting gastrointestinal flora. Recent research suggests that the intestinal microbiome is important in reducing the risk of the onset of various chronic diseases, including cardiac disease, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, several cancers, and type 2 diabetes. The review provides an updated knowledge base about the scientific literature addressing how fermented foods influence the consumer microbiome and promote good health with prevention of non-communicable diseases. In addition, the review proves that the consumption of fermented foods affects gastrointestinal flora in the short and long term and can be considered an important part of the diet.
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Özel Şahin G, Toka Özer T, Durmaz S. Investigation of fungus at stratum corneum of patients with acne vulgaris. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105982. [PMID: 36621695 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of acne is complex and multifactorial. In recent years, fungal infections have increased significantly. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of fungi in the etiopathogenesis of acne vulgaris. METHODS This was a prospective case-control study. A total of 200 individuals (100 with acne vulgaris and 100 without acne vulgaris) were enrolled in the study. Direct microscopic investigation and culturing of the samples were done according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Descriptive analyses, independent sample t-tests, and chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis. The subjects in the control group were paired by age and gender with the patients. RESULTS Direct microscopic examination revealed hyphae in the samples of all subjects with acne and in the samples of four of the healthy controls. The cultures of 18 of the patients with acne vulgaris were positive for the following: 6 with Aspergillus spp., 7 with Penicillium spp., 3 with Cladosporium spp., 1 with Candida spp., and 1 with Acremonium spp. In addition, Candida spp. was observed in the cultures of two of the healthy controls. CONCLUSION We conclude that fungi may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülay Özel Şahin
- Başkent University Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Türkan Toka Özer
- Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Süleyman Durmaz
- Medistanbul Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Corrie L, Awasthi A, Kaur J, Vishwas S, Gulati M, Kaur IP, Gupta G, Kommineni N, Dua K, Singh SK. Interplay of Gut Microbiota in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Role of Gut Microbiota, Mechanistic Pathways and Potential Treatment Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:197. [PMID: 37259345 PMCID: PMC9967581 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) comprises a set of symptoms that pose significant risk factors for various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Effective and safe methods to treat all the pathological symptoms of PCOS are not available. The gut microbiota has been shown to play an essential role in PCOS incidence and progression. Many dietary plants, prebiotics, and probiotics have been reported to ameliorate PCOS. Gut microbiota shows its effects in PCOS via a number of mechanistic pathways including maintenance of homeostasis, regulation of lipid and blood glucose levels. The effect of gut microbiota on PCOS has been widely reported in animal models but there are only a few reports of human studies. Increasing the diversity of gut microbiota, and up-regulating PCOS ameliorating gut microbiota are some of the ways through which prebiotics, probiotics, and polyphenols work. We present a comprehensive review on polyphenols from natural origin, probiotics, and fecal microbiota therapy that may be used to treat PCOS by modifying the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600007, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | | | - Kamal Dua
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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The Overlooked Microbiome-Considering Archaea and Eukaryotes Using Multiplex Nanopore-16S-/18S-rDNA-Sequencing: A Technical Report Focusing on Nasopharyngeal Microbiomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021426. [PMID: 36674956 PMCID: PMC9863950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to bacteria, microbiome analyses often neglect archaea, but also eukaryotes. This is partly because they are difficult to culture due to their demanding growth requirements, or some even have to be classified as uncultured microorganisms. Consequently, little is known about the relevance of archaea in human health and diseases. Contemporary broad availability and spread of next generation sequencing techniques now enable a stronger focus on such microorganisms, whose cultivation is difficult. However, due to the enormous evolutionary distances between bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, the implementation of sequencing strategies for smaller laboratory scales needs to be refined to achieve as a holistic view on the microbiome as possible. Here, we present a technical approach that enables simultaneous analyses of archaeal, bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities to study their roles in development and courses of respiratory disorders. We thus applied combinatorial 16S-/18S-rDNA sequencing strategies for sequencing-library preparation. Considering the lower total microbiota density of airway surfaces, when compared with gut microbiota, we optimized the DNA purification workflow from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. As a result, we provide a protocol that allows the efficient combination of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic libraries for nanopore-sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION devices and subsequent phylogenetic analyses. In a pilot study, this workflow allowed the identification of some environmental archaea, which were not correlated with airway microbial communities before. Moreover, we assessed the protocol's broader applicability using a set of human stool samples. We conclude that the proposed protocol provides a versatile and adaptable tool for combinatorial studies on bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic microbiomes on a small laboratory scale.
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Abstract
In recent years, it has become clear that gut microbiota plays a major role in the human body, both in health and disease. Because of that, the gut microbiome and its impact on human well-being are getting wider and wider attention. Studies focused on the liver are not an exception. However, the majority of the analyses are concentrated on the bacterial part of the gut microbiota, while the fungi living in the human intestines are often omitted or underappreciated. This review is focused on the gut mycobiome as an important factor that should be taken into consideration regarding liver homeostasis and its perturbations. We have collected the findings in this field and we discuss their importance. We aim to emphasize the fungal compositional changes related to liver diseases and, by that, provide novel insights into the directions of liver research and gut microbiota as a therapeutic target for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szóstak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Philips
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Hu J, Tang J, Zhang X, Yang K, Zhong A, Yang Q, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang T. Landscape in the gallbladder mycobiome and bacteriome of patients undergoing cholelithiasis with chronic cholecystitis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1131694. [PMID: 37032855 PMCID: PMC10073429 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1131694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallstone disease (GSD) is associated with changes in the gut and gallbladder bacterial composition, but there is limited information on the role of the fungal community (mycobiome) in disease development. This study aimed to characterize the gallbladder mycobiome profiles and their interactions with bacteriome in GSD. A total of 136 bile and gallstone samples (34 paired for bacteriome, and 33 paired and extra 2 bile samples for mycobiome) were obtained from calculi patients with chronic cholecystitis. Bile and gallstone bacteriome and mycobiome were profiled by 16S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Gallbladder bacteriome, mycobiome, and interkingdom and intrakingdom interactions were compared between bile and gallstone. In general, microbial diversity was higher in bile than in gallstone, and distinct microbial community structures were observed among them. Deep Sea Euryarchaeotic Group, Rhodobacteraceae, and Rhodobacterales were microbial biomarkers of bile, while Clostridiales and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes were biomarkers of gallstone. Five fungal taxa, including Colletotrichum, Colletotrichum sublineola, and Epicoccum, were enriched in gallstone. Further ecologic analyses revealed that intensive transkingdom correlations between fungi and bacteria and intrakingdom correlations within them observed in gallstone were significantly decreased in bile. Large and complex fungal communities inhabit the gallbladder of patients with GSD. Gallstone, compared with bile, is characterized by significantly altered bacterial taxonomic composition and strengthened bacterial-bacterial, fungal-fungal, and bacterial-fungal correlations in the gallbladder of patients with GSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Hu
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- The Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jichao Tang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- The Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- General Surgery Day Ward, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinpeng Zhang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- The Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- General Surgery Day Ward, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaijin Yang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- The Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- General Surgery Day Ward, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ayan Zhong
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- The Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- General Surgery Day Ward, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- The Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Section for Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- The Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yanjun Liu,
| | - Yi Li
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- The Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- General Surgery Day Ward, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Yi Li,
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- The Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Tongtong Zhang,
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Liptáková A, Čurová K, Záhumenský J, Visnyaiová K, Varga I. Microbiota of female genital tract – functional overview of microbial flora from vagina to uterine tubes and placenta. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms and eukaryotic human cells coexist in synergistic relationships in nearly every niche of the human body. The female genital tract consisting of the vagina, uterus with its cervix and endometrium, uterine tubes and ovaries – harbors its own typical microbiota, which accounts for 9 % of the total bacterial population in females. To this organ system, we also assigned the microbiome of the placenta, which has not been studied much until now. Among the spectrum of microbial species, the female genital tract is mainly dominated by Lactobacillus species, which are considered to be one of the simplest yet most important microbial communities. However, this relationship between macro- and micro-organisms seems to have a number of physiological functions, e.g., the vaginal and cervical microbiota have unique impact on reproductive health. The aim of this review was to provide current view on female genital tract microbiota and its role in reproductive health. We describe in detail the association of vaginal or tubal epithelium with microbiota or the role of microbiota in normal placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Čurová
- Department of Medical and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik, Košice, Slovak Republic.
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A Clinical Study Provides the First Direct Evidence That Interindividual Variations in Fecal β-Lactamase Activity Affect the Gut Mycobiota Dynamics in Response to β-Lactam Antibiotics. mBio 2022; 13:e0288022. [PMID: 36448778 PMCID: PMC9765473 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02880-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics disturb the intestinal bacterial microbiota, leading to gut dysbiosis and an increased risk for the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens. It is not fully understood to what extent antibiotics affect the fungal fraction of the intestinal microbiota, the mycobiota. There is no report of the direct role of antibiotics in the overgrowth in healthy humans of the opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Here, we have explored the gut mycobiota of 22 healthy subjects before, during, and up to 6 months after a 3-day regimen of third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs). Using ITS1-targeted metagenomics, we highlighted the strong intra- and interindividual diversity of the healthy gut mycobiota. With a specific quantitative approach, we showed that C. albicans prevalence was much higher than previously reported, with all subjects but one being carriers of C. albicans, although with highly variable burdens. 3GCs significantly altered the mycobiota composition and the fungal load was increased both at short and long term. Both C. albicans relative and absolute abundances were increased but 3GCs did not reduce intersubject variability. Variations in C. albicans burden in response to 3GC treatment could be partly explained by changes in the levels of endogenous fecal β-lactamase activity, with subjects characterized by a high increase of β-lactamase activity displaying a lower increase of C. albicans levels. A same antibiotic treatment might thus affect differentially the gut mycobiota and C. albicans carriage, depending on the treated subject, suggesting a need to adjust the current risk factors for C. albicans overgrowth after a β-lactam treatment. IMPORTANCE Fungal infections are redoubtable healthcare-associated complications in immunocompromised patients. Particularly, the commensal intestinal yeast Candida albicans causes invasive infections in intensive care patients and is, therefore, associated with high mortality. These infections are preceded by an intestinal expansion of C. albicans before its translocation into the bloodstream. Antibiotics are a well-known risk factor for C. albicans overgrowth but the impact of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis on the human gut mycobiota-the fungal microbiota-and the understanding of the mechanisms involved in C. albicans overgrowth in humans are very limited. Our study shows that antibiotics increase the fungal proportion in the gut and disturb the fungal composition, especially C. albicans, in a subject-dependent manner. Indeed, variations across subjects in C. albicans burden in response to β-lactam treatment could be partly explained by changes in the levels of endogenous fecal β-lactamase activity. This highlighted a potential new key factor for C. albicans overgrowth. Thus, the significance of our research is in providing a better understanding of the factors behind C. albicans intestinal overgrowth, which might lead to new means to prevent life-threatening secondary infections.
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Davies CP, Summers KL, Arfken AM, Darwish N, Chaudhari A, Frey JF, Schreier L, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M. Temporal dynamics of the chicken mycobiome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1057810. [PMID: 36589448 PMCID: PMC9799259 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1057810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is an integral part of chicken health and can affect immunity, nutrient utilization, and performance. The role of bacterial microbiota members in host health is relatively well established, but less attention has been paid to fungal members of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) community. However, human studies indicate that fungi play a critical role in health. Here, we described fungal communities, or mycobiomes, in both the lumen and mucosa of the chicken ileum and cecum from hatch through 14 days of age. We also assessed the effects of delayed access to feed immediately post-hatch (PH) on mycobiome composition, as PH feed delay is commonly associated with poor health performance. Chicken mycobiomes in each of the populations were distinct and changed over time. All mycobiomes were dominated by Gibberella, but Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Sarocladium, Meyerozyma, and Penicillium were also abundant. Relative abundances of some taxa differed significantly over time. In the cecal and ileal lumens, Penicillium was present in extremely low quantities or absent during days one and two and then increased over time. Meyerozyma and Wickerhamomyces also increased over time in luminal sites. In contrast, several highly abundant unclassified fungi decreased after days one and two, highlighting the need for improved understanding of fungal gut biology. Mycobiomes from chicks fed during the first 2 days PH versus those not fed during the first 2 days did not significantly differ, except during days one and two. Similarities observed among mycobiomes of fed and unfed chicks at later timepoints suggest that delays in PH feeding do not have long lasting effects on mycobiome composition. Together, these results provide a foundation for future mycobiome studies, and suggest that negative health and production impacts of delayed feeding are not likely related to the development of fungal populations in the GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary Pirone Davies
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Cary Pirone Davies,
| | - Katie Lynn Summers
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Ann M. Arfken
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency Agreement between the U.S., Department of Energy and the USDA, Atlanta, GA, United States,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nadia Darwish
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency Agreement between the U.S., Department of Energy and the USDA, Atlanta, GA, United States,University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK, United States
| | - Atul Chaudhari
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency Agreement between the U.S., Department of Energy and the USDA, Atlanta, GA, United States,Pharmaceuticals Product Development, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Juli Foster Frey
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States,Northeast Area, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Lori Schreier
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Talapko J, Včev A, Meštrović T, Pustijanac E, Jukić M, Škrlec I. Homeostasis and Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota: Comparing Hallmarks of a Healthy State with Changes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122405. [PMID: 36557658 PMCID: PMC9781915 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, which represent a community of different microorganisms in the human intestinal tract, are crucial to preserving human health by participating in various physiological functions and acting as a metabolic organ. In physiological conditions, microbiota-host partnership exerts homeostatic stability; however, changes in intestinal microbiota composition (dysbiosis) are an important factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and its two main disease entities: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The incidence and prevalence of these inflammatory conditions have increased rapidly in the last decade, becoming a significant problem for the healthcare system and a true challenge in finding novel therapeutic solutions. The issue is that, despite numerous studies, the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is not completely clear. Based on current knowledge, chronic intestinal inflammation occurs due to altered intestinal microbiota and environmental factors, as well as a complex interplay between the genetic predisposition of the host and an inappropriate innate and acquired immune response. It is important to note that the development of biological and immunomodulatory therapy has led to significant progress in treating inflammatory bowel disease. Certain lifestyle changes and novel approaches-including fecal microbiota transplantation and nutritional supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics-have offered solutions for dysbiosis management and paved the way towards restoring a healthy microbiome, with only minimal long-term unfavorable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Včev
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Meštrović
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and the Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (I.Š.)
| | - Emina Pustijanac
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Melita Jukić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- General Hospital Vukovar, Županijska 35, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (I.Š.)
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Cochran SJ, Acosta L, Divjan A, Lemons AR, Rundle AG, Miller RL, Sobek E, Green BJ, Perzanowski MS, Dannemiller KC. Spring is associated with increased total and allergenic fungal concentrations in house dust from a pediatric asthma cohort in New York City. BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2022; 226:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109711. [PMID: 37215628 PMCID: PMC10193533 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Asthma and allergy symptoms vary seasonally due to exposure to environmental sources of allergen, including fungi. However, we need an improved understanding of seasonal influence on fungal exposures in the indoor environment. We hypothesized that concentrations of total fungi and allergenic species in vacuumed dust vary significantly by season. Objective Assess seasonal variation of indoor fungi with greater implications related to seasonal asthma control. Methods We combined next-generation sequencing with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to measure concentrations of fungal DNA in indoor floor dust samples (n = 298) collected from homes participating in the New York City Neighborhood Asthma and Allergy Study (NAAS). Results Total fungal concentration in spring was significantly higher than the other three seasons (p ≤ 0.005). Mean concentrations for 78% of fungal species were elevated in the spring (26% were significantly highest in spring, p < 0.05). Concentrations of 8 allergenic fungal species were significantly (p < 0.5) higher in spring compared to at least two other seasons. Indoor relative humidity and temperature were significantly highest in spring (p < 0.05) and were associated with total fungal concentration (R2 = 0.049, R2 = 0.11, respectively). Conclusion There is significant seasonal variation in total fungal concentration and concentration of select allergenic species. Indoor relative humidity and temperature may underlie these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Cochran
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Environmental Science Graduate Program. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Luis Acosta
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Adnan Divjan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Angela R. Lemons
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Andrew G. Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, 10032, NY, USA
| | - Rachel L. Miller
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Edward Sobek
- Assured Bio Laboratories, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Brett J. Green
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Matthew S. Perzanowski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Karen C. Dannemiller
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Sustainability Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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LIPTÁKOVÁ A, ČUROVÁ K, ZÁHUMENSKÝ J, VISNYAIOVÁ K, VARGA I. Microbiota of female genital tract - functional overview of microbial flora from vagina to uterine tubes and placenta. Physiol Res 2022; 71:S21-S33. [PMID: 36592438 PMCID: PMC9853993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms and eukaryotic human cells coexist in synergistic relationships in nearly every niche of the human body. The female genital tract consisting of the vagina, uterus with its cervix and endometrium, uterine tubes and ovaries - harbors its own typical microbiota, which accounts for 9 % of the total bacterial population in females. To this organ system, we also assigned the microbiome of the placenta, which has not been studied much until now. Among the spectrum of microbial species, the female genital tract is mainly dominated by Lactobacillus species, which are considered to be one of the simplest yet most important microbial communities. However, this relationship between macro- and micro-organisms seems to have a number of physiological functions, e.g., the vaginal and cervical microbiota have unique impact on reproductive health. The aim of this review was to provide current view on female genital tract microbiota and its role in reproductive health. We describe in detail the association of vaginal or tubal epithelium with microbiota or the role of microbiota in normal placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana LIPTÁKOVÁ
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína ČUROVÁ
- Department of Medical and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef ZÁHUMENSKÝ
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Kristína VISNYAIOVÁ
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan VARGA
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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