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Máthé D, Szalay G, Cseri L, Kis Z, Pályi B, Földes G, Kovács N, Fülöp A, Szepesi Á, Hajdrik P, Csomos A, Zsembery Á, Kádár K, Katona G, Mucsi Z, Rózsa BJ, Kovács E. Monitoring correlates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture using a two-photon-active calcium-sensitive dye. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:105. [PMID: 39030477 PMCID: PMC11264913 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The organism-wide effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection are well studied, but little is known about the dynamics of how the infection spreads in time among or within cells due to the scarcity of suitable high-resolution experimental systems. It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 infection pathways converge at calcium influx and subcellular calcium distribution changes. Imaging combined with a proper staining technique is an effective tool for studying subcellular calcium-related infection and replication mechanisms at such resolutions. METHODS Using two-photon (2P) fluorescence imaging with our novel Ca-selective dye, automated image analysis and clustering analysis were applied to reveal titer and variant effects on SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells. RESULTS The application of a new calcium sensor molecule is shown, combined with a high-end 2P technique for imaging and identifying the patterns associated with cellular infection damage within cells. Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants, D614G or B.1.1.7, exhibit elevated cytosolic calcium levels, allowing infection monitoring by tracking the cellular changes in calcium level by the internalized calcium sensor. The imaging provides valuable information on how the level and intracellular distribution of calcium are perturbed during the infection. Moreover, two-photon calcium sensing allowed the distinction of infections by two studied viral variants via cluster analysis of the image parameters. This approach will facilitate the study of cellular correlates of infection and their quantification depending on viral variants and viral load. CONCLUSIONS We propose a new two-photon microscopy-based method combined with a cell-internalized sensor to quantify the level of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We optimized the applied dye concentrations to not interfere with viral fusion and viral replication events. The presented method ensured the proper monitoring of viral infection, replication, and cell fate. It also enabled distinguishing intracellular details of cell damage, such as vacuole and apoptotic body formation. Using clustering analysis, 2P microscopy calcium fluorescence images were suitable to distinguish two different viral variants in cell cultures. Cellular harm levels read out by calcium imaging were quantitatively related to the initial viral multiplicity of infection numbers. Thus, 2P quantitative calcium imaging might be used as a correlate of infection or a correlate of activity in cellular antiviral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
- In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
- HUN-REN Physical Virology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Szalay
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony utca 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
- BrainVisionCenter, Liliom utca 43-45, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Cseri
- BrainVisionCenter, Liliom utca 43-45, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Femtonics Ltd., Tűzoltó utca 59, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kis
- National Center for Public Health, Albert Flórián út 2-6, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Center for Public Health, Albert Flórián út 2-6, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Földes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor utca. 68, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Kovács
- In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Fülöp
- Femtonics Ltd., Tűzoltó utca 59, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Áron Szepesi
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony utca 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
- BrainVisionCenter, Liliom utca 43-45, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Polett Hajdrik
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Csomos
- Femtonics Ltd., Tűzoltó utca 59, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Kádár
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Katona
- Two-Photon Measurement Technology Group, The Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Szigony utca 50/A, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mucsi
- BrainVisionCenter, Liliom utca 43-45, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
- Femtonics Ltd., Tűzoltó utca 59, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, Egyetem tér 1, 3515, Miskolc, Hungary.
| | - Balázs József Rózsa
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony utca 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary.
- BrainVisionCenter, Liliom utca 43-45, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
- Two-Photon Measurement Technology Group, The Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Szigony utca 50/A, 1083, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ervin Kovács
- Two-Photon Measurement Technology Group, The Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Szigony utca 50/A, 1083, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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Tascini C, Cotrufo M, Sozio E, Fanin M, Dellai F, Zanus Forte A, Cesselli D, DE Stefanis P, Ripoli A, Sbrana F, Giuliano S, Fabris M, Girardis M, Curcio F, Bassi F. Potential role of IgM-enriched immunoglobulin as adjuvant treatment in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Minerva Anestesiol 2023; 89:884-894. [PMID: 37822148 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.23.17244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe COVID-19 patients are characterized by a dysregulated host response to an infection, with uncontrolled pro- and anti- inflammatory pathway activation. Consistent proportion of patients require admission in intensive care units and are at risk of progression to severe forms of disease. These patients are generally admitted during later stages of the disease, when effective antiviral and monoclonal antibody are not indicated. We aimed to assess the potential role of IgM-enriched intra venous immunoglobulins (IGAM) preparations in this setting. METHODS This retrospective, observational case-controlled study was conducted at a single-center University Hospital of Udine in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region of Italy. Patients referring to the center between March 2020 and April 2021 was included. During the study period, patient who received Pentaglobin® IGAM treatment (N.=56), administered as compassionate use, was compared with a control group (N.=169) to assess, by propensity score analysis, clinical outcome. RESULTS Untreated controls required, respect to patient treated with IGAM therapy, longer time to hospitalization with no significant differences in death and orotracheal intubation requirement. Significant differences in the two cohort were in: SOFA was higher in treated, while D-dimer and P/F ratio was better in the treatment cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis performed on the "matched sample," obtained by a weighting propensity score approach, identify, as significant protective factor for death outcome, the Pentaglobin® treatment (0.820 [0.698-0.963], P=0.016) and low C-reactive protein (1.001 [1.000-1.002], P=0.031) value while the delay of onset hospitalization is associate with a worst outcome (0.983 [0.967-0.999], P=0.041). CONCLUSIONS The present study offers a significant insight concerning the use of IgM-enriched immunoglobulin preparations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 severe infection and also could identifying the specific immunological and biochemical profile of the patient who can more benefit from this therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Tascini
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy -
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy -
| | - Marco Cotrufo
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Emanuela Sozio
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Fanin
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Fabiana Dellai
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Agnese Zanus Forte
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Paola DE Stefanis
- Section of Anesthesia and Resuscitation2, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Ripoli
- Department of Bioengineering, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Sbrana
- Lipoapheresis Unit, Reference Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Inherited Dyslipidemias, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Giuliano
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Martina Fabris
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Curcio
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Flavio Bassi
- Section of Anesthesia and Resuscitation2, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
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Coscia F, Di Filippo ES, Gigliotti PV, Fano Illic G. Effect of physical activity on long COVID fatigue: an unsolved enigma. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:11639. [PMID: 37667865 PMCID: PMC10583148 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Covid-19 disease is well documented and often the most common symptoms include myalgia and muscle fatigue. Approximately 10% of those infected complain of persistent fatigue even many months after the end of the acute phase of the disease. This gives rise to a condition different from the previous one and commonly known as 'post-acute COVID-19 syndrome' or simply Long-COVID. Although the origin of muscle fatigue is multifactorial, the state of prolonged fatigue observed in the Long-COVID syndrome suggests the existence of a possible state of atrophy or rather acute sarcopenia. Under these conditions, the use of physical activity programs can effectively counteract the state of atrophy underlying the fatigue phenomena observed. If this is also the situation during the Long-COVID, the muscular symptom should be positively influenced by the administration of programmed physical activity cycles. In fact, in patients with Long-COVID, the few published papers seem to indicate that patients who are physically active and who make an effort to engage in physical activity even during the illness have decreased duration and intensity of the illness. However, analysis of the studies in the literature also suggests that a small percentage of people with Long-COVID do not appear to benefit from the application of physical activity programs, so further studies on homogeneous samples are needed to provide a firm answer to the question: can planned physical activity help patients during the pathological course of Long-COVID?
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Coscia
- Sports Medicine Service of the San Candido-Innichen and Brunico-Bruneck Hospitals, Bolzano-Bozen, San Candido.
| | - Ester Sara Di Filippo
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti.
| | | | - Giorgio Fano Illic
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Campus of Free University of Alcatraz, Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, Gubbio, Italy; A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova.
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Zamani Rarani F, Zamani Rarani M, Hamblin MR, Rashidi B, Hashemian SMR, Mirzaei H. Comprehensive overview of COVID-19-related respiratory failure: focus on cellular interactions. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:63. [PMID: 35907817 PMCID: PMC9338538 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created health challenges in all parts of the world. Understanding the entry mechanism of this virus into host cells is essential for effective treatment of COVID-19 disease. This virus can bind to various cell surface molecules or receptors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), to gain cell entry. Respiratory failure and pulmonary edema are the most important causes of mortality from COVID-19 infections. Cytokines, especially proinflammatory cytokines, are the main mediators of these complications. For normal respiratory function, a healthy air-blood barrier and sufficient blood flow to the lungs are required. In this review, we first discuss airway epithelial cells, airway stem cells, and the expression of COVID-19 receptors in the airway epithelium. Then, we discuss the suggested molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and blood vessel damage in COVID-19. Coagulopathy can be caused by platelet activation leading to clots, which restrict blood flow to the lungs and lead to respiratory failure. Finally, we present an overview of the effects of immune and non-immune cells and cytokines in COVID-19-related respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Zamani Rarani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zamani Rarani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 South Africa
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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