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Mizrahi R, Ostersetzer-Biran O. Mitochondrial RNA Helicases: Key Players in the Regulation of Plant Organellar RNA Splicing and Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5502. [PMID: 38791540 PMCID: PMC11122041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes of land plants are large and exhibit a complex mode of gene organization and expression, particularly at the post-transcriptional level. The primary organellar transcripts in plants undergo extensive maturation steps, including endo- and/or exo-nucleolytic cleavage, RNA-base modifications (mostly C-to-U deaminations) and both 'cis'- and 'trans'-splicing events. These essential processing steps rely on the activities of a large set of nuclear-encoded factors. RNA helicases serve as key players in RNA metabolism, participating in the regulation of transcription, mRNA processing and translation. They unwind RNA secondary structures and facilitate the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes crucial for various stages of gene expression. Furthermore, RNA helicases are involved in RNA metabolism by modulating pre-mRNA maturation, transport and degradation processes. These enzymes are, therefore, pivotal in RNA quality-control mechanisms, ensuring the fidelity and efficiency of RNA processing and turnover in plant mitochondria. This review summarizes the significant roles played by helicases in regulating the highly dynamic processes of mitochondrial transcription, RNA processing and translation in plants. We further discuss recent advancements in understanding how dysregulation of mitochondrial RNA helicases affects the splicing of organellar genes, leading to respiratory dysfunctions, and consequently, altered growth, development and physiology of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oren Ostersetzer-Biran
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus—Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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2
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Yadav P, Ansari MW, Kaula BC, Rao YR, Meselmani MA, Siddiqui ZH, Brajendra, Kumar SB, Rani V, Sarkar A, Rakwal R, Gill SS, Tuteja N. Regulation of ethylene metabolism in tomato under salinity stress involving linkages with important physiological signaling pathways. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111736. [PMID: 37211221 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The tomato is well-known for its anti-oxidative and anti-cancer properties, and with a wide range of health benefits is an important cash crop for human well-being. However, environmental stresses (especially abiotic) are having a deleterious effect on plant growth and productivity, including tomato. In this review, authors describe how salinity stress imposes risk consequences on growth and developmental processes of tomato through toxicity by ethylene (ET) and cyanide (HCN), and ionic, oxidative, and osmotic stresses. Recent research has clarified how salinity stress induced-ACS and - β-CAS expressions stimulate the accumulation of ET and HCN, wherein the action of salicylic acid (SA),compatible solutes (CSs), polyamines (PAs) and ET inhibitors (ETIs) regulate ET and HCN metabolism. Here we emphasize how ET, SA and PA cooperates with mitochondrial alternating oxidase (AOX), salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathways and the antioxidants (ANTOX) system to better understand the salinity stress resistance mechanism. The current literature evaluated in this paper provides an overview of salinity stress resistance mechanism involving synchronized routes of ET metabolism by SA and PAs, connecting regulated network of central physiological processes governing through the action of AOX, β-CAS, SOS and ANTOX pathways, which might be crucial for the development of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Yadav
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Wahid Ansari
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Babeeta C Kaula
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Yalaga Rama Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Moaed Al Meselmani
- School of Biosciences, Alfred Denny Building, Grantham Centre, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, UK
| | | | - Brajendra
- Division of Soil Science, ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Kumar
- Department of Soil Science, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Varsha Rani
- Department of Crop Physiology, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Department of Botany, University of GourBanga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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3
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Chen PL. SUV3 Helicase and Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9233. [PMID: 37298184 PMCID: PMC10253155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SUV3 is a nuclear-encoded helicase that is highly conserved and localizes to the mitochondrial matrix. In yeast, loss of SUV3 function leads to the accumulation of group 1 intron transcripts, ultimately resulting in the loss of mitochondrial DNA, causing a petite phenotype. However, the mechanism leading to the loss of mitochondrial DNA remains unknown. SUV3 is essential for survival in higher eukaryotes, and its knockout in mice results in early embryonic lethality. Heterozygous mice exhibit a range of phenotypes, including premature aging and an increased cancer incidence. Furthermore, cells derived from SUV3 heterozygotes or knockdown cultural cells show a reduction in mtDNA. Transient downregulation of SUV3 leads to the formation of R-loops and the accumulation of double-stranded RNA in mitochondria. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the SUV3-containing complex and discuss its potential mechanism for tumor suppression activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phang-Lang Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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4
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A Review of Integrative Omic Approaches for Understanding Rice Salt Response Mechanisms. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111430. [PMID: 35684203 PMCID: PMC9182744 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the most serious environmental challenges, posing a growing threat to agriculture across the world. Soil salinity has a significant impact on rice growth, development, and production. Hence, improving rice varieties’ resistance to salt stress is a viable solution for meeting global food demand. Adaptation to salt stress is a multifaceted process that involves interacting physiological traits, biochemical or metabolic pathways, and molecular mechanisms. The integration of multi-omics approaches contributes to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms as well as the improvement of salt-resistant and tolerant rice varieties. Firstly, we present a thorough review of current knowledge about salt stress effects on rice and mechanisms behind rice salt tolerance and salt stress signalling. This review focuses on the use of multi-omics approaches to improve next-generation rice breeding for salinity resistance and tolerance, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics. Integrating multi-omics data effectively is critical to gaining a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the molecular pathways, enzyme activity and interacting networks of genes controlling salinity tolerance in rice. The key data mining strategies within the artificial intelligence to analyse big and complex data sets that will allow more accurate prediction of outcomes and modernise traditional breeding programmes and also expedite precision rice breeding such as genetic engineering and genome editing.
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Marker-Free Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR 64) Overexpressing PDH45 Gene Confers Salinity Tolerance by Maintaining Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Machinery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040770. [PMID: 35453455 PMCID: PMC9025255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicases function as key enzymes in salinity stress tolerance, and the role and function of PDH45 (pea DNA helicase 45) in stress tolerance have been reported in different crops with selectable markers, raising public and regulatory concerns. In the present study, we developed five lines of marker-free PDH45-overexpressing transgenic lines of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64). The overexpression of PDH45 driven by CaMV35S promoter in transgenic rice conferred high salinity (200 mM NaCl) tolerance in the T1 generation. Molecular attributes such as PCR, RT-PCR, and Southern and Western blot analyses confirmed stable integration and expression of the PDH45 gene in the PDH45-overexpressing lines. We observed higher endogenous levels of sugars (glucose and fructose) and hormones (GA, zeatin, and IAA) in the transgenic lines in comparison to control plants (empty vector (VC) and wild type (WT)) under salt treatments. Furthermore, photosynthetic characteristics such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 (Ci), and chlorophyll (Chl) content were significantly higher in transgenic lines under salinity stress as compared to control plants. However, the maximum primary photochemical efficiency of PSII, as an estimated from variable to maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence (Fv/Fm), was identical in the transgenics to that in the control plants. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), were significantly higher in transgenic lines in comparison to control plants, which helped in keeping the oxidative stress burden (MDA and H2O2) lesser on transgenic lines, thus protecting the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of the plants. Overall, the present research reports the development of marker-free PDH45-overexpressing transgenic lines for salt tolerance that can potentially avoid public and biosafety concerns and facilitate the commercialization of genetically engineered crop plants.
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Marriboina S, Sharma K, Sengupta D, Yadavalli AD, Sharma RP, Reddy Attipalli R. Evaluation of high salinity tolerance in Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre by a systematic analysis of hormone-metabolic network. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1514-1534. [PMID: 34165187 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress results in significant losses in plant productivity and loss of cultivable lands. Although Pongamia pinnata is reported to be a salt-tolerant semiarid biofuel tree, the adaptive mechanisms to saline environments are elusive. Despite a reduction in carbon exchange rate (CER), the unchanged relative water content provides no visible salinity induced symptoms in leaves of hydroponic cultivated Pongamia seedlings for 8 days. Our Na+ -specific fluorescence results demonstrated that there was an effective apoplastic sodium sequestration in the roots. Salinity stress significantly increased zeatin (~5.5-fold), and jasmonic acid (~3.8-fold) levels in leaves while zeatin (~2.5-fold) content increased in leaves as well as in roots of salt-treated plants. Metabolite analysis suggested that osmolytes such as myo-inositol and mannitol were enhanced by ~12-fold in leaves and roots of salt-treated plants. Additionally, leaves of Pongamia showed a significant enhancement in carbohydrate content, while fatty acids were accumulated in roots under salt stress condition. At the molecular level, salt stress enhanced the expression of genes related to transporters, including the Salt Overly Sensitive 2 gene (SOS2), SOS3, vacuolar-cation/proton exchanger, and vacuolar-proton/ATPase exclusively in leaves, whereas the Sodium Proton Exchanger1 (NHX1), Cation Calcium Exchanger (CCX), and Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel 5 (CNGC5) were up-regulated in roots. Antioxidant gene expression analysis clearly demonstrated that peroxidase levels were significantly enhanced by ~10-fold in leaves, while Catalase and Fe-superoxide Dismutase (Fe-SOD) genes were increased in roots under salt stress. The correlation interaction studies between phytohormones and metabolites revealed new insights into the molecular and metabolic adaptations that confer salinity tolerance to Pongamia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Marriboina
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kapil Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Debashree Sengupta
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anurupa Devi Yadavalli
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rameshwar Prasad Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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7
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Plant RNA Binding Proteins as Critical Modulators in Drought, High Salinity, Heat, and Cold Stress Responses: An Updated Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136731. [PMID: 34201749 PMCID: PMC8269355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant abiotic stress responses are tightly regulated by different players at multiple levels. At transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels, several RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate stress response genes through RNA metabolism. They are increasingly recognized as critical modulators of a myriad of biological processes, including stress responses. Plant RBPs are heterogeneous with one or more conservative RNA motifs that constitute canonical/novel RNA binding domains (RBDs), which can bind to target RNAs to determine their regulation as per the plant requirements at given environmental conditions. Given its biological significance and possible consideration as a potential tool in genetic manipulation programs to improve key agronomic traits amidst frequent episodes of climate anomalies, studies concerning the identification and functional characterization of RBP candidate genes are steadily mounting. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of canonical and novel RBPs and their functions in major abiotic stresses including drought, heat, salt, and cold stress conditions. To some extent, we also briefly describe the basic motif structure of RBPs that would be useful in forthcoming studies. Additionally, we also collected RBP genes that were modulated by stress, but that lacked functional characterization, providing an impetus to conduct further research.
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8
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Singh D, Gupta P, Singla-Pareek SL, Siddique KHM, Pareek A. The Journey from Two-Step to Multi-Step Phosphorelay Signaling Systems. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:59-74. [PMID: 34045924 PMCID: PMC8142344 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921666210105154808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The two-component signaling (TCS) system is an important signal transduction machinery in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, excluding animals, that uses a protein phosphorylation mechanism for signal transmission. Conclusion Prokaryotes have a primitive type of TCS machinery, which mainly comprises a membrane-bound sensory histidine kinase (HK) and its cognate cytoplasmic response regulator (RR). Hence, it is sometimes referred to as two-step phosphorelay (TSP). Eukaryotes have more sophisticated signaling machinery, with an extra component - a histidine-containing phosphotransfer (HPT) protein that shuttles between HK and RR to communicate signal baggage. As a result, the TSP has evolved from a two-step phosphorelay (His–Asp) in simple prokaryotes to a multi-step phosphorelay (MSP) cascade (His–Asp–His–Asp) in complex eukaryotic organisms, such as plants, to mediate the signaling network. This molecular evolution is also reflected in the form of considerable structural modifications in the domain architecture of the individual components of the TCS system. In this review, we present TCS system's evolutionary journey from the primitive TSP to advanced MSP type across the genera. This information will be highly useful in designing the future strategies of crop improvement based on the individual members of the TCS machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- 1Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; 2Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India; 3The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6001, Australia; 4National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Punjab, Ajitgarh 140306, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- 1Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; 2Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India; 3The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6001, Australia; 4National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Punjab, Ajitgarh 140306, India
| | - Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek
- 1Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; 2Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India; 3The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6001, Australia; 4National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Punjab, Ajitgarh 140306, India
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- 1Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; 2Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India; 3The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6001, Australia; 4National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Punjab, Ajitgarh 140306, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- 1Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; 2Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India; 3The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6001, Australia; 4National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Punjab, Ajitgarh 140306, India
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9
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Li C, Hou D, Zhang L, Li X, Fan J, Dong Y, Zhu J, Huang Z, Xu Z, Li L. Molecular characterization and function analysis of the rice OsDUF617 family. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1934541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunliu Li
- Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dejia Hou
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yilun Dong
- Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhengjian Huang
- Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lihua Li
- Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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10
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Passricha N, Saifi SK, Kharb P, Tuteja N. Rice lectin receptor‐like kinase provides salinity tolerance by ion homeostasis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:498-510. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Passricha
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi India
| | - Shabnam K. Saifi
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi India
| | - Pushpa Kharb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and BioinformaticsCOBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural UniversityHisar Haryana India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi India
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11
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Swain DM, Sahoo RK, Chandan RK, Ghosh S, Kumar R, Jha G, Tuteja N. Concurrent overexpression of rice G-protein β and γ subunits provide enhanced tolerance to sheath blight disease and abiotic stress in rice. PLANTA 2019; 250:1505-1520. [PMID: 31332521 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Our study demonstrates that simultaneous overexpression of RGB1 and RGG1 genes provides multiple stress tolerance in rice by inducing stress responsive genes and better management of ROS scavenging/photosynthetic machineries. The heterotrimeric G-proteins act as signalling molecules and modulate various cellular responses including stress tolerance in eukaryotes. The gamma (γ) subunit of rice G-protein (RGG1) was earlier reported to promote salinity stress tolerance in rice. In the present study, we report that a rice gene-encoding beta (β) subunit of G-protein (RGB1) gets upregulated during both biotic (upon a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani infection) and drought stresses. Marker-free transgenic IR64 rice lines that simultaneously overexpress both RGB1 and RGG1 genes under CaMV35S promoter were raised. The overexpressing (OE) lines showed enhanced tolerance to R. solani infection and salinity/drought stresses. Several defense marker genes including OsMPK3 were significantly upregulated in the R. solani-infected OE lines. We also found the antioxidant machineries to be upregulated during salinity as well as drought stress in the OE lines. Overall, the present study provides evidence that concurrent overexpression of G-protein subunits (RGG1 and RGB1) impart multiple (both biotic and abiotic) stress tolerance in rice which could be due to the enhanced expression of stress-marker genes and better management of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging/photosynthetic machinery. The current study suggests an improved approach for simultaneous improvement of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in rice which remains a major challenge for its sustainable cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Madhab Swain
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, Odisha, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Sahoo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Chandan
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujrat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
| | - Srayan Ghosh
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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12
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Farhat S, Jain N, Singh N, Sreevathsa R, Dash PK, Rai R, Yadav S, Kumar P, Sarkar AK, Jain A, Singh NK, Rai V. CRISPR-Cas9 directed genome engineering for enhancing salt stress tolerance in rice. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 96:91-99. [PMID: 31075379 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Crop productivity in rice is harshly limited due to high concentration of salt in the soil. To understand the intricacies of the mechanism it is important to unravel the key pathways operating inside the plant cell. Emerging state-of-the art technologies have provided the tools to discover the key components inside the plant cell for salt tolerance. Among the molecular entities, transcription factors and/or other important components of sensing and signaling cascades have been the attractive targets and the role of NHX and SOS1 transporters amply described. Not only marker assisted programs but also transgenic approaches by using reverse genetic strategies (knockout or knockdown) or overexpression have been extensively used to engineer rice crop. CRISPR/Cas is an attractive paradigm and provides the feasibility for manipulating several genes simultaneously. Here, in this review we highlight some of the molecular entities that could be potentially targeted for generating rice amenable to sustain growth under high salinity conditions by employing CRISPR/Cas. We also try to address key questions for rice salt stress tolerance other than what is already known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufia Farhat
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Neha Jain
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Nisha Singh
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Prasanta K Dash
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Rhitu Rai
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Pramod Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Ananda K Sarkar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Ajay Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Jaipur, India.
| | - Nagendra K Singh
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Vandna Rai
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
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13
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Robles P, Quesada V. Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Organellar Gene Expression (OGE) and Its Roles in Plant Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1056. [PMID: 30823472 PMCID: PMC6429081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Given their endosymbiotic origin, chloroplasts and mitochondria genomes harbor only between 100 and 200 genes that encode the proteins involved in organellar gene expression (OGE), photosynthesis, and the electron transport chain. However, as the activity of these organelles also needs a few thousand proteins encoded by the nuclear genome, a close coordination of the gene expression between the nucleus and organelles must exist. In line with this, OGE regulation is crucial for plant growth and development, and is achieved mainly through post-transcriptional mechanisms performed by nuclear genes. In this way, the nucleus controls the activity of organelles and these, in turn, transmit information about their functional state to the nucleus by modulating nuclear expression according to the organelles' physiological requirements. This adjusts organelle function to plant physiological, developmental, or growth demands. Therefore, OGE must appropriately respond to both the endogenous signals and exogenous environmental cues that can jeopardize plant survival. As sessile organisms, plants have to respond to adverse conditions to acclimate and adapt to them. Salinity is a major abiotic stress that negatively affects plant development and growth, disrupts chloroplast and mitochondria function, and leads to reduced yields. Information on the effects that the disturbance of the OGE function has on plant tolerance to salinity is still quite fragmented. Nonetheless, many plant mutants which display altered responses to salinity have been characterized in recent years, and interestingly, several are affected in nuclear genes encoding organelle-localized proteins that regulate the expression of organelle genes. These results strongly support a link between OGE and plant salt tolerance, likely through retrograde signaling. Our review analyzes recent findings on the OGE functions required by plants to respond and tolerate salinity, and highlights the fundamental role that chloroplast and mitochondrion homeostasis plays in plant adaptation to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Robles
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Víctor Quesada
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain.
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Nidumukkala S, Tayi L, Chittela RK, Vudem DR, Khareedu VR. DEAD box helicases as promising molecular tools for engineering abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:395-407. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1566204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lavanya Tayi
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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15
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Nawaz G, Kang H. Chloroplast- or Mitochondria-Targeted DEAD-Box RNA Helicases Play Essential Roles in Organellar RNA Metabolism and Abiotic Stress Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:871. [PMID: 28596782 PMCID: PMC5442247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The yields and productivity of crops are greatly diminished by various abiotic stresses, including drought, cold, heat, and high salinity. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are cellular organelles that can sense diverse environmental stimuli and alter gene expression to cope with adverse environmental stresses. Organellar gene expression is mainly regulated at posttranscriptional levels, including RNA processing, intron splicing, RNA editing, RNA turnover, and translational control, during which a variety of nucleus-encoded RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are targeted to chloroplasts or mitochondria where they play essential roles in organellar RNA metabolism. DEAD-box RNA helicases (RHs) are enzymes that can alter RNA structures and affect RNA metabolism in all living organisms. Although a number of DEAD-box RHs have been found to play important roles in RNA metabolism in the nucleus and cytoplasm, our understanding on the roles of DEAD-box RHs in the regulation of RNA metabolism in chloroplasts and mitochondria is only at the beginning. Considering that organellar RNA metabolism and gene expression are tightly regulated by anterograde signaling from the nucleus, it is imperative to determine the functions of nucleus-encoded organellar RBPs. In this review, we summarize the emerging roles of nucleus-encoded chloroplast- or mitochondria-targeted DEAD-box RHs in organellar RNA metabolism and plant response to diverse abiotic stresses.
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16
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Agarwal P, Parida SK, Raghuvanshi S, Kapoor S, Khurana P, Khurana JP, Tyagi AK. Rice Improvement Through Genome-Based Functional Analysis and Molecular Breeding in India. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 9:1. [PMID: 26743769 PMCID: PMC4705060 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-015-0073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice is one of the main pillars of food security in India. Its improvement for higher yield in sustainable agriculture system is also vital to provide energy and nutritional needs of growing world population, expected to reach more than 9 billion by 2050. The high quality genome sequence of rice has provided a rich resource to mine information about diversity of genes and alleles which can contribute to improvement of useful agronomic traits. Defining the function of each gene and regulatory element of rice remains a challenge for the rice community in the coming years. Subsequent to participation in IRGSP, India has continued to contribute in the areas of diversity analysis, transcriptomics, functional genomics, marker development, QTL mapping and molecular breeding, through national and multi-national research programs. These efforts have helped generate resources for rice improvement, some of which have already been deployed to mitigate loss due to environmental stress and pathogens. With renewed efforts, Indian researchers are making new strides, along with the international scientific community, in both basic research and realization of its translational impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Agarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Swarup K Parida
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Saurabh Raghuvanshi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Sanjay Kapoor
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Jitendra P Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tyagi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Berkowitz O, De Clercq I, Van Breusegem F, Whelan J. Interaction between hormonal and mitochondrial signalling during growth, development and in plant defence responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1127-39. [PMID: 26763171 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in plant metabolism as they are a major source of ATP through synthesis by the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and harbour key metabolic reactions such as the TCA cycle. The energy and building blocks produced by mitochondria are essential to drive plant growth and development as well as to provide fuel for responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome and have to be imported into the organelle. For the regulation of the corresponding genes intricate signalling pathways exist to adjust their expression. Signals directly regulate nuclear gene expression (anterograde signalling) to adjust the protein composition of the mitochondria to the needs of the cell. In parallel, mitochondria communicate back their functional status to the nucleus (retrograde signalling) to prompt transcriptional regulation of responsive genes via largely unknown signalling mechanisms. Plant hormones are the major signalling components regulating all layers of plant development and cellular functions. Increasing evidence is now becoming available that plant hormones are also part of signalling networks controlling mitochondrial function and their biogenesis. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the interaction of mitochondrial and hormonal signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Berkowitz
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Inge De Clercq
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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