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Hernández-Esquivel AA, Torres-Olmos JA, Méndez-Gómez M, Castro-Mercado E, Flores-Cortéz I, Peña-Uribe CA, Campos-García J, López-Bucio J, Reyes-de la Cruz H, Valencia-Cantero E, García-Pineda E. Hydrogen peroxide modulates the expression of the target of rapamycin (TOR) and cell division in Arabidopsis thaliana. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01959-6. [PMID: 38802622 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is naturally produced by plant cells during normal development and serves as a messenger that regulates cell metabolism. Despite its importance, the relationship between hydrogen peroxide and the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, as well as its impact on cell division, has been poorly analyzed. In this study, we explore the interaction of H2O2 with TOR, a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a central role in controlling cell growth, size, and metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. By applying two concentrations of H2O2 exogenously (0.5 and 1 mM), we could correlate developmental traits, such as primary root growth, lateral root formation, and fresh weight, with the expression of the cell cycle gene CYCB1;1, as well as TOR expression. When assessing the expression of the ribosome biogenesis-related gene RPS27B, an increase of 94.34% was noted following exposure to 1 mM H2O2 treatment. This increase was suppressed by the TOR inhibitor torin 2. The elimination of H2O2 accumulation with ascorbic acid (AA) resulted in decreased cell division as well as TOR expression. The potential molecular mechanisms associated with the effects of H2O2 on the cell cycle and TOR expression in roots are discussed in the context of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Alejandra Hernández-Esquivel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. B1, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58040, México
| | - Jorge Alejandro Torres-Olmos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. B1, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58040, México
| | - Manuel Méndez-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Irapuato, 36821, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Elda Castro-Mercado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. B1, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58040, México
| | - Idolina Flores-Cortéz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. B1, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58040, México
| | - César Arturo Peña-Uribe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. B1, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58040, México
| | - Jesús Campos-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. B1, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58040, México
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. B1, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58040, México
| | - Homero Reyes-de la Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. B1, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58040, México
| | - Eduardo Valencia-Cantero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. B1, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58040, México
| | - Ernesto García-Pineda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. B1, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58040, México.
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2
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Wang J, Song Y, Wang Z, Shi L, Yu S, Xu Y, Wang G, He D, Jiang L, Shang W, He S. RNA Sequencing Analysis and Verification of Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' CuZn Superoxide Dismutase ( PoSOD) Genes in Root Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:421. [PMID: 38337954 PMCID: PMC10856844 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) is a significant medicinal plant. However, the low rooting number is a bottleneck problem in the micropropagation protocols of P. ostii 'Fengdan'. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) is closely related to root development. But research on the SOD gene's impact on rooting is still lacking. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to analyze the four crucial stages of root development in P. ostii 'Fengdan' seedlings, including the early root primordium formation stage (Gmfq), root primordium formation stage (Gmf), root protrusion stage (Gtq), and root outgrowth stage (Gzc). A total of 141.77 GB of data were obtained; 71,718, 29,804, and 24,712 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the comparison groups of Gmfq vs. Gmf, Gmf vs. Gtq, and Gtq vs. Gzc, respectively. Among the 20 most highly expressed DEGs in the three comparison groups, only the CuZnSOD gene (SUB13202229, PoSOD) was found to be significantly expressed in Gtq vs. Gzc. The overexpression of PoSOD increased the number of adventitious roots and promoted the activities of peroxidase (POD) and SOD in P. ostii 'Fengdan'. The gene ADVENTITIOUS ROOTING RELATED OXYGENASE1 (PoARRO-1), which is closely associated with the development of adventitious roots, was also significantly upregulated in overexpressing PoSOD plants. Furthermore, PoSOD interacted with PoARRO-1 in yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and biomolecular luminescence complementation (BiFC) assays. In conclusion, PoSOD could interact with PoARRO-1 and enhance the root development of tube plantlets in P. ostii 'Fengdan'. This study will help us to preliminarily understand the molecular mechanism of adventitious root formation and improve the root quality of tree peony and other medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiange Wang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (L.S.); (Y.X.); (G.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Yinglong Song
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (L.S.); (Y.X.); (G.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Zheng Wang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (L.S.); (Y.X.); (G.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Liyun Shi
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (L.S.); (Y.X.); (G.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Shuiyan Yu
- Shanghai Chen Shan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China;
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (L.S.); (Y.X.); (G.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Guiqing Wang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (L.S.); (Y.X.); (G.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Dan He
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (L.S.); (Y.X.); (G.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Liwei Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Wenqian Shang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (L.S.); (Y.X.); (G.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Songlin He
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (L.S.); (Y.X.); (G.W.); (D.H.)
- School of Horticulture Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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3
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de Andrade FHA, Ferreira AMO, Azevedo LM, de Oliveira Santos M, Carvalho GR, de Resende MLV, Bicalho EM, Silva VA. IBA and melatonin increase trigonelline and caffeine during the induction and initiation of adventitious roots in Coffea arabica L. cuttings. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15151. [PMID: 37704663 PMCID: PMC10499982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine and trigonelline are found in Coffea arabica, and show antioxidant roles and growth and development functions. However, there are no reports on trigonelline and caffeine in relation to coffee rooting. The aim was to evaluate the impact of application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and melatonin on caffeine and trigonelline at different stages of adventitious rooting in cuttings. In addition, to study the correlation between these metabolites and H2O2, phenols, and antioxidant enzymes. Four treatments (Control, melatonin 21 µM (M21), melatonin 43 µM (M43), and IBA 7380 µM (IBA)) were used, with four replications. The growth and biochemical parameters of the antioxidant system were performed in induction, initiation, and extension rooting stages. Higher concentrations of trigonelline and caffeine quantified in the induction and initiation stages were positively correlated with higher percentage of rooted cuttings. Trigonelline and caffeine were positively correlated with H2O2 in all stages of development of adventitious roots. The correlations of trigoneline and caffeine with phenols and antioxidant enzymes reveal different profiles, depending on the phases. The results indicate that IBA and melatonin increase trigonelline and caffeine during the induction and initiation of adventitious roots in Coffea arabica cuttings, which is correlated with a higher percentage of rooted cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meline de Oliveira Santos
- Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Scholarship BDCTI-I, FAPEMIG/INCT Café, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vânia Aparecida Silva
- Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Scholarship DT, CNPq, Lavras, Brazil
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4
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Roussos PA. Adventitious Root Formation in Plants: The Implication of Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040862. [PMID: 37107237 PMCID: PMC10135180 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adventitious root formation is defined as the formation of new roots on above-ground plant parts and is considered crucial for the survival of a plant under harsh environmental conditions (i.e., flooding, salt stress, and other abiotic stresses) as well as in the nursery industry. Clonal propagation is based on the ability of a plant part to grow and generate a completely new plant, genetically identical to the mother plant, where the plant part came from. Nurseries exploit this potential by multiplying millions of new plants. Most nurseries use cuttings to achieve that, through the induction of adventitious root formation. Many factors have been implicated in the capacity of a cutting to root, with the major role being played by auxins. During the last few decades, intense interest has emerged in the role of other potential rooting co-factors, such as carbohydrates, phenolics, polyamines, and other plant growth regulators, as well as signal molecules, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Among the latter, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide have been found to play significant roles in adventitious root formation. Their production, action, and general implication in rhizogenesis are discussed in this review, in terms of interaction with other molecules and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anargyrou Roussos
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
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5
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Wang Z, Shi Q, Chen P, Sun F, Creech D, Lu Z, Yin Y, Yu C. Grafting Causes Physiological Changes and Promotes Adventitious Root Formation in Rejuvenated Soft Shoots of Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan'. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:201. [PMID: 36616329 PMCID: PMC9823487 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan' has been widely used as a timber tree in river network areas and coastal regions and is mainly propagated by cuttings. However, when trees age, their capacity to form adventitious roots becomes weaker. We successfully enhanced the rooting ability of shoots in T. hybrid 'Zhongshanshan 302' by their rejuvenation based on grafting. We recorded temporal variation in endogenous auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs), trans-zeatin-riboside (TZR), soluble sugar and H2O2 after root induction. Auxin, soluble sugars and H2O2 levels were higher in rejuvenated shoots than in mature shoots, whereas the opposite was true for ABA and GAs. Notably, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and GA3 presented higher contents with more obvious differences in T. hybrid 'Zhongshanshan 302' rejuvenated shoots vs. mature shoots compared with other kinds of auxin and GAs. The evident improvement in the rooting ability of rejuvenated shoots after grafting likely resulted from the differential regulation of plant hormones, carbohydrates and redox signaling. In addition to the physiological basis of improved rooting ability by grafting, this study provided a theoretical basis for the optimization of subsequent propagation techniques in T. hybrid 'Zhongshanshan' and potentially other Taxodium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Jingjiang Greening Engineering Co., Ltd., Jingjiang 214500, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Jingjiang Greening Engineering Co., Ltd., Jingjiang 214500, China
| | - David Creech
- College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA
| | - Zhiguo Lu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chaoguang Yu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
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Ranjan A, Perrone I, Alallaq S, Singh R, Rigal A, Brunoni F, Chitarra W, Guinet F, Kohler A, Martin F, Street NR, Bhalerao R, Legué V, Bellini C. Molecular basis of differential adventitious rooting competence in poplar genotypes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4046-4064. [PMID: 35325111 PMCID: PMC9232201 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recalcitrant adventitious root (AR) development is a major hurdle in propagating commercially important woody plants. Although significant progress has been made to identify genes involved in subsequent steps of AR development, the molecular basis of differences in apparent recalcitrance to form AR between easy-to-root and difficult-to-root genotypes remains unknown. To address this, we generated cambium tissue-specific transcriptomic data from stem cuttings of hybrid aspen, T89 (difficult-to-root) and hybrid poplar OP42 (easy-to-root), and used transgenic approaches to verify the role of several transcription factors in the control of adventitious rooting. Increased peroxidase activity was positively correlated with better rooting. We found differentially expressed genes encoding reactive oxygen species scavenging proteins to be enriched in OP42 compared with T89. A greater number of differentially expressed transcription factors in cambium cells of OP42 compared with T89 was revealed by a more intense transcriptional reprograming in the former. PtMYC2, a potential negative regulator, was less expressed in OP42 compared with T89. Using transgenic approaches, we demonstrated that PttARF17.1 and PttMYC2.1 negatively regulate adventitious rooting. Our results provide insights into the molecular basis of genotypic differences in AR and implicate differential expression of the master regulator MYC2 as a critical player in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rajesh Singh
- Present address: Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Adeline Rigal
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, INRAE GrandEst-Nancy, Champenoux, 54280France
| | - Federica Brunoni
- Present address: Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), I-10135 Torino, Italy
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-VE), I-31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Frederic Guinet
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, INRAE GrandEst-Nancy, Champenoux, 54280France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, INRAE GrandEst-Nancy, Champenoux, 54280France
| | - Francis Martin
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, INRAE GrandEst-Nancy, Champenoux, 54280France
| | - Nathaniel R Street
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90736 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Physiology, Swedish Agricultural University, SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Valérie Legué
- Present address: Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 547 PIAF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Bauduin S, Latini M, Belleggia I, Migliore M, Biancucci M, Mattioli R, Francioso A, Mosca L, Funck D, Trovato M. Interplay between Proline Metabolism and ROS in the Fine Tuning of Root-Meristem Size in Arabidopsis. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111512. [PMID: 35684285 PMCID: PMC9182721 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that proline modulates root meristem size in Arabidopsis by controlling the ratio between cell division and cell differentiation. Here, we show that proline metabolism affects the levels of superoxide anion (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which, in turn, modulate root meristem size and root elongation. We found that hydrogen peroxide plays a major role in proline-mediated root elongation, and its effects largely overlap those induced by proline, influencing root meristem size, root elongation, and cell cycle. Though a combination of genetic and pharmacological evidence, we showed that the short-root phenotype of the proline-deficient p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2, an Arabidopsis mutant homozygous for p5cs1 and heterozygous for p5cs2, is caused by H2O2 accumulation and is fully rescued by an effective H2O2 scavenger. Furthermore, by studying Arabidopsis mutants devoid of ProDH activity, we disclosed the essential role of this enzyme in the modulation of root meristem size as the main enzyme responsible for H2O2 production during proline degradation. Proline itself, on the contrary, may not be able to directly control the levels of H2O2, although it seems able to enhance the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), the two most effective scavengers of H2O2 in plant cells. We propose a model in which proline metabolism participates in a delicate antioxidant network to balance H2O2 formation and degradation and fine-tune root meristem size in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bauduin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.L.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Martina Latini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.L.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Irene Belleggia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.L.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Marta Migliore
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.L.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Marco Biancucci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.L.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Mattioli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.L.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.)
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Dietmar Funck
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany;
| | - Maurizio Trovato
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.L.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-2411
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8
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Interactions of Gibberellins with Phytohormones and Their Role in Stress Responses. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Gibberellins are amongst the main plant growth regulators. Discovered over a century ago, the interest in gibberellins research is growing due to their current and potential applications in crop production and their role in the responses to environmental stresses. In the present review, the current knowledge on gibberellins’ homeostasis and modes of action is outlined. Besides this, the complex interrelations between gibberellins and other plant growth regulators are also described, providing an intricate network of interactions that ultimately drives towards precise and specific gene expression. Thus, genes and proteins identified as being involved in gibberellin responses in model and non-model species are highlighted. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms governing the gibberellins’ relation to stress responses are also depicted. This review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the state-of-the-art of the current perceptions of the interactions of gibberellins with other phytohormones, and their responses to plant stresses, thus allowing for the identification of the specific mechanisms involved. This knowledge will help us to improve our understanding of gibberellins’ biology, and might help increase the biotechnological toolbox needed to refine plant resilience, particularly under a climate change scenario.
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Luo J, Nvsvrot T, Wang N. Comparative transcriptomic analysis uncovers conserved pathways involved in adventitious root formation in poplar. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1903-1918. [PMID: 34629770 PMCID: PMC8484428 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cutting propagation is widely used in establishing poplar plantations, and this approach requires efficient adventitious root (AR) forming capacities. Although poplar species are considered to form roots easily, interspecific variations in AR formation are still observed. To better understand the gene regulatory network underlying the conserved modified pathways that are essential for AR formation in poplar species, comparative transcriptomic approaches were applied to identify the conserved common genes that were differentially expressed during the AR formation processes in two poplar species (Populus × euramericana and P. simonii) in woody plant medium (WPM). A total of 2146 genes were identified as conserved genes that shared similar gene expression profiles in at least one comparison. These conserved genes were enriched in diverse hormone signaling pathways, as well as the mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, suggesting an important role for signaling transduction in coordinating external stimuli and endogenous physiological status during AR regulation in poplar. Furthermore, the co-expression network analysis of conserved genes allowed identification of several co-expressed modules (CM) that are co-expressed with distinct biological functions, for instance, CM1 was enriched in defense response and hormone signaling, CM2 and CM3 were overrepresented in defense response-related pathways and for cell cycle, respectively. These results suggest that the AR formation processes in poplar were finely tuned at the transcriptomic level by integrating multiple biological processes essential for AR formation. Our results suggest conserved machinery for AR formation in poplar and generated informative gene co-expression networks that describe the basis of AR formation in these species. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01054-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Tashbek Nvsvrot
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Nian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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10
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Li SW. Molecular Bases for the Regulation of Adventitious Root Generation in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:614072. [PMID: 33584771 PMCID: PMC7876083 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.614072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of adventitious roots (ARs) is an ecologically and economically important developmental process in plants. The evolution of AR systems is an important way for plants to cope with various environmental stresses. This review focuses on identified genes that have known to regulate the induction and initiation of ARs and offers an analysis of this process at the molecular level. The critical genes involved in adventitious rooting are the auxin signaling-responsive genes, including the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) and the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN (LOB) gene families, and genes associated with auxin transport and homeostasis, the quiescent center (QC) maintenance, and the root apical meristem (RAM) initiation. Several genes involved in cell wall modulation are also known to be involved in the regulation of adventitious rooting. Furthermore, the molecular processes that play roles in the ethylene, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid signaling pathways and their crosstalk modulate the generation of ARs. The crosstalk and interaction among many molecular processes generates complex networks that regulate AR generation.
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11
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Bannoud F, Bellini C. Adventitious Rooting in Populus Species: Update and Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:668837. [PMID: 34093625 PMCID: PMC8174304 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.668837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Populus spp. are among the most economically important species worldwide. These trees are used not only for wood and fiber production, but also in the rehabilitation of degraded lands. Since they are clonally propagated, the ability of stem cuttings to form adventitious roots is a critical point for plant establishment and survival in the field, and consequently for the forest industry. Adventitious rooting in different Populus clones has been an agronomic trait targeted in breeding programs for many years, and many factors have been identified that affect this quantitative trait. A huge variation in the rooting capacity has been observed among the species in the Populus genus, and the responses to some of the factors affecting this trait have been shown to be genotype-dependent. This review analyses similarities and differences between results obtained from studies examining the role of internal and external factors affecting rooting of Populus species cuttings. Since rooting is the most important requirement for stand establishment in clonally propagated species, understanding the physiological and genetic mechanisms that promote this trait is essential for successful commercial deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Bannoud
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Florencia Bannoud,
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Catherine Bellini,
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12
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Mhimdi M, Pérez-Pérez JM. Understanding of Adventitious Root Formation: What Can We Learn From Comparative Genetics? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:582020. [PMID: 33123185 PMCID: PMC7573222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.582020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is a complex developmental process controlled by a plethora of endogenous and environmental factors. Based on fossil evidence and genomic phylogeny, AR formation might be considered the default state of plant roots, which likely evolved independently several times. The application of next-generation sequencing techniques and bioinformatics analyses to non-model plants provide novel approaches to identify genes putatively involved in AR formation in multiple species. Recent results uncovered that the regulation of shoot-borne AR formation in monocots is an adaptive response to nutrient and water deficiency that enhances topsoil foraging and improves plant performance. A hierarchy of transcription factors required for AR initiation has been identified from genetic studies, and recent results highlighted the key involvement of additional regulation through microRNAs. Here, we discuss our current understanding of AR formation in response to specific environmental stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, drought or waterlogging, aimed at providing evidence for the integration of the hormone crosstalk required for the activation of root competent cells within adult tissues from which the ARs develop.
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13
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Kora D, Bhattacharjee S. The interaction of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants at the metabolic interface in salicylic acid-induced adventitious root formation in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 248:153152. [PMID: 32193034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Implications of the role of antioxidant buffering in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-antioxidant interactions and associated redox regulation during adventitious root formation (ARF) were assessed in redox-manipulated salicylic acid (SA)-treated hypocotyl explants of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]. Application of pro-oxidant H2O2 (500 μM) followed by SA (600 μM) was shown to stimulate ARF, whereas treatments combining 600 μM SA and 10 × 10-4 M DPI (diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase) and 600 μM and SA 10 × 10-4 M (dimethylthiourea, a free radical scavenger) were found to prevent ARF. The redox status of the experimental explants monitored under such treatment conditions (in terms of accumulation of pro-oxidants, in situ localization of O2- and H2O2, radical scavenging property and total thiol content) revealed significant changes in ROS-antioxidant interactions at the metabolic interface, causing alterations in the pattern of ARF. Further, the assessment of activities and transcript abundance of the enzymes of the H2O2 turnover pathway (mainly the ascorbate-glutathione system) supported the transcriptional regulation of genes such as vrrboh, vrAPX, vrGR, vrSOD, and vrCAT and the activities of the relevant enzymes necessary for the generation of endogenous redox cues during ARF. The present work provides an inventory in support of the importance of antioxidant buffering associated with redox regulation for the origin of the metabolic redox cue (redox signal) necessary for SA-induced ARF in mung bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Kora
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Centre For Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Centre For Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, India.
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14
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A conserved motif in three viral movement proteins from different genera is required for host factor recruitment and cell-to-cell movement. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4758. [PMID: 32179855 PMCID: PMC7075923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their minimal genomes, plant viruses are forced to hijack specific cellular pathways to ensure host colonization, a condition that most frequently involves physical interaction between viral and host proteins. Among putative viral interactors are the movement proteins, responsible for plasmodesma gating and genome binding during viral transport. Two of them, DGBp1 and DGBp2, are required for alpha-, beta- and gammacarmovirus cell-to-cell movement, but the number of DGBp-host interactors identified at present is limited. By using two different approaches, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we found three Arabidopsis factors, eIF3g1, RPP3A and WRKY36, interacting with DGBp1s from each genus mentioned above. eIF3g1 and RPP3A are mainly involved in protein translation initiation and elongation phases, respectively, while WRKY36 belongs to WRKY transcription factor family, important regulators of many defence responses. These host proteins are not expected to be associated with viral movement, but knocking out WRKY36 or silencing either RPP3A or eIF3g1 negatively affected Arabidopsis infection by Turnip crinkle virus. A highly conserved FNF motif at DGBp1 C-terminus was required for protein-protein interaction and cell-to-cell movement, suggesting an important biological role.
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15
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Two Cucumber Cultivars with Different Sensitivity to Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020145. [PMID: 32098056 PMCID: PMC7168641 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), with extremely broad host range including both monocots and dicots around the world, belongs to most important viral crop threats. Either natural or genetically constructed sources of resistance are being intensively investigated; for this purpose, exhaustive knowledge of molecular virus-host interaction during compatible and incompatible infection is required. New technologies and computer-based “omics” on various levels contribute markedly to this topic. In this work, two cucumber cultivars with different response to CMV challenge were tested, i.e., sensitive cv. Vanda and resistant cv. Heliana. The transcriptomes were prepared from both cultivars at 18 days after CMV or mock inoculation. Subsequently, four independent comparative analyses of obtained data were performed, viz. mock- and CMV-inoculated samples within each cultivar, samples from mock-inoculated cultivars to each other and samples from virus-inoculated cultivars to each other. A detailed picture of CMV-influenced genes, as well as constitutive differences in cultivar-specific gene expression was obtained. The compatible CMV infection of cv. Vanda caused downregulation of genes involved in photosynthesis, and induction of genes connected with protein production and modification, as well as components of signaling pathways. CMV challenge caused practically no change in the transcription profile of the cv. Heliana. The main differences between constitutive transcription activity of the two cultivars relied in the expression of genes responsible for methylation, phosphorylation, cell wall organization and carbohydrate metabolism (prevailing in cv. Heliana), or chromosome condensation and glucan biosynthesis (prevailing in cv. Vanda). Involvement of several genes in the resistant cucumber phenotype was predicted; this can be after biological confirmation potentially applied in breeding programs for virus-resistant crops.
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Larskaya I, Gorshkov O, Mokshina N, Trofimova O, Mikshina P, Klepikova A, Gogoleva N, Gorshkova T. Stimulation of adventitious root formation by the oligosaccharin OSRG at the transcriptome level. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 15:1703503. [PMID: 31851577 PMCID: PMC7012187 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1703503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharins, which are biologically active oligosaccharide fragments of cell wall polysaccharides, may regulate the processes of growth and development as well as the response to stress factors. We characterized the effect of the oligosaccharin that stimulates rhizogenesis (OSRG) on the gene expression profile in the course of IAA-induced formation of adventitious roots in hypocotyl explants of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.). The transcriptomes at two stages of IAA-induced root primordium formation (6 h and 24 h after induction) were compared after either treatment with auxin alone or joint treatment with auxin and OSRG. The set of differentially expressed genes indicated the special importance of oligosaccharin at the early stage of auxin-induced adventitious root formation. The list of genes with altered mRNA abundance in the presence of oligosaccharin included those, which Arabidopsis homologs encode proteins directly involved in the response to auxin as well as proteins that contribute to redox regulation, detoxification of various compounds, vesicle trafficking, and cell wall modification. The obtained results contribute to understanding the mechanism of adventitious root formation and demonstrate that OSRG is involved in fine-tuning of ROS and auxin regulatory modes involved in root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Larskaya
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Natalia Mokshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oksana Trofimova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Polina Mikshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Klepikova
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
- Laboratory of Extreme Biology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
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17
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Deciphering hydrogen peroxide-induced signalling towards stress tolerance in plants. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:395. [PMID: 31656733 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants encounter a variety of adverse environmental conditions, such as high salinity, drought, extreme heat/cold and heavy metals contamination (abiotic stress) or attack of various pathogens (biotic stress). These detrimental environmental factors enhanced the ROS production such as singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide (O2 •-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radicals (OH•). ROS are highly reactive and directly target several cellular molecules and metabolites, which lead to severe cellular dysfunction. Plants respond to oxidative damages by activating antioxidant machinery to trigger signalling cascades for stress tolerance. H2O2 signalling balances the plant metabolism through cross-talk with other signals and plant hormones during growth, development and stress responses. H2O2 facilitates the regulation of different stress-responsive transcription factors (TFs) including NAC, Zinc finger, WRKY, ERF, MYB, DREB and bZIP as both upstream and downstream events during stress signalling. The present review focuses on the biological synthesis of the H2O2 and its effect on the upregulation of kinase genes and stress related TFs for imparting stress tolerance.
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18
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Gonin M, Bergougnoux V, Nguyen TD, Gantet P, Champion A. What Makes Adventitious Roots? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E240. [PMID: 31336687 PMCID: PMC6681363 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The spermatophyte root system is composed of a primary root that develops from an embryonically formed root meristem, and of different post-embryonic root types: lateral and adventitious roots. Adventitious roots, arising from the stem of the plants, are the main component of the mature root system of many plants. Their development can also be induced in response to adverse environmental conditions or stresses. Here, in this review, we report on the morphological and functional diversity of adventitious roots and their origin. The hormonal and molecular regulation of the constitutive and inducible adventitious root initiation and development is discussed. Recent data confirmed the crucial role of the auxin/cytokinin balance in adventitious rooting. Nevertheless, other hormones must be considered. At the genetic level, adventitious root formation integrates the transduction of external signals, as well as a core auxin-regulated developmental pathway that is shared with lateral root formation. The knowledge acquired from adventitious root development opens new perspectives to improve micropropagation by cutting in recalcitrant species, root system architecture of crops such as cereals, and to understand how plants adapted during evolution to the terrestrial environment by producing different post-embryonic root types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gonin
- Université de Montpellier, IRD, UMR DIADE, 34,394 Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Bergougnoux
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Thu D Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Gantet
- Université de Montpellier, IRD, UMR DIADE, 34,394 Montpellier, France
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Antony Champion
- Université de Montpellier, IRD, UMR DIADE, 34,394 Montpellier, France
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19
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Zhang Y, Xiao Z, Zhan C, Liu M, Xia W, Wang N. Comprehensive analysis of dynamic gene expression and investigation of the roles of hydrogen peroxide during adventitious rooting in poplar. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:99. [PMID: 30866829 PMCID: PMC6416884 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adventitious roots (ARs) are roots that are generated from nonrooting tissues. ARs are usually produced both during normal development and in response to stress conditions, such as flooding, nutrient deprivation, heavy metal stress and wounding. The ability of plants to form ARs is a key trait that enables plant propagation, especially for most tree species. RESULTS Here, the kinetics of AR formation in a tissue culture of a hybrid variety of poplar were investigated. AR formation mainly occurred during the first 8 days and both pre- and newly- formed primordia contributed to AR formation in poplar by histological study. RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis was performed for stem bases collected at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days after excision (DAE). Based on the data, the expression patterns of 8 phytohormone-related genes were investigated, and their influences on AR formation were considered. Subsequent gene expression cluster analysis showed a number of biological processes involved in AR formation. Among these biological pathways, genes involved in H2O2 homeostasis showed enrichment in one cluster that was highly upregulated from DAE0 to DAE8. Pharmacological assay confirmed that an appropriate content of H2O2 in stem bases could accelerate the formation of ARs in poplar. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study, we were able to predict a regulatory network for 7 phytohormones that are involved in poplar AR formation. The influence of H2O2 on AR formation was also confirmed. These results enhance our understanding of the regulation of AR formation in tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zheng’ang Xiao
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Chang Zhan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Meifeng Liu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Wenxiu Xia
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Nian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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20
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Zhang HM, Wheeler SL, Xia X, Colyvas K, Offler CE, Patrick JW. Transcript Profiling Identifies Gene Cohorts Controlled by Each Signal Regulating Trans-Differentiation of Epidermal Cells of Vicia faba Cotyledons to a Transfer Cell Phenotype. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2021. [PMID: 29234338 PMCID: PMC5712318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Transfer cells (TCs) support high rates of membrane transport of nutrients conferred by a plasma membrane area amplified by lining a wall labyrinth comprised of an uniform wall layer (UWL) upon which intricate wall ingrowth (WI) papillae are deposited. A signal cascade of auxin, ethylene, extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and cytosolic Ca2+ regulates wall labyrinth assembly. To identify gene cohorts regulated by each signal, a RNA- sequencing study was undertaken using Vicia faba cotyledons. When cotyledons are placed in culture, their adaxial epidermal cells spontaneously undergo trans-differentiation to epidermal TCs (ETCs). Expressed genes encoding proteins central to wall labyrinth formation (signaling, intracellular organization, cell wall) and TC function of nutrient transport were assembled. Transcriptional profiles identified 9,742 annotated ETC-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs; Log2fold change > 1; FDR p ≤ 0.05) of which 1,371 belonged to signaling (50%), intracellular organization (27%), cell wall (15%) and nutrient transporters (9%) functional categories. Expression levels of 941 ETC-specific DEGs were found to be sensitive to the known signals regulating ETC trans-differentiation. Significantly, signals acting alone, or in various combinations, impacted similar numbers of ETC-specific DEGs across the four functional gene categories. Amongst the signals acting alone, H2O2 exerted most influence affecting expression levels of 56% of the ETC-specific DEGs followed by Ca2+ (21%), auxin (18%) and ethylene (5%). The dominance by H2O2 was evident across all functional categories, but became more attenuated once trans-differentiation transitioned into WI papillae formation. Amongst the eleven signal combinations, H2O2/Ca2+ elicited the greatest impact across all functional categories accounting for 20% of the ETC-specific DEG cohort. The relative influence of the other signals acting alone, or in various combinations, varied across the four functional categories and two phases of wall labyrinth construction. These transcriptome data provide a powerful information platform from which to examine signal transduction pathways and how these regulate expression of genes encoding proteins engaged in intracellular organization, cell wall construction and nutrient transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Zhang
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon L. Wheeler
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Xue Xia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kim Colyvas
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina E. Offler
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - John W. Patrick
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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