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Komoto TT, Nishimura FG, Evangelista AF, de Freitas AJA, da Silva G, Silva WA, Peronni K, Marques MMC, Marins M, Fachin AL. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of trans-Chalcone: Modulation of MicroRNAs Linked to Breast Cancer Progression in MCF-7 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10785. [PMID: 37445965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is responsible for 25% of all cancers that affect women. Due to its high heterogeneity pattern in clinical diagnosis and its molecular profile differences, researchers have been seeking new targets and therapies, with more specificity and fewer side effects. Thus, one compound that has garnered our attention is trans-chalcone, which is naturally occurring in various plants and possesses promising biological properties, including antitumor effects. MiRNA is an extensive class of non-coding small, endogenous, and single-stranded RNAs, and it is involved in post-translational gene regulation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of TChal on miRNAs expression and its relationship with anticancer activity against MCF-7. Initially, the trans-chalcone IC50 value was established by MTT assay for MCF-7and HaCat (non-cancer cell), in which we found out that it was 53.73 and 44.18 μM, respectively. Subsequently, we treated MCF-7 cells with trans-chalcone at its IC50 concentration and performed Mi-seq analysis, which unveiled 23 differentially expressed miRNAs. From this set, we selected five miRNAs (miR-25-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-891a, miR-449a, and miR-4485) for further validation using qRT-PCR, guided by in silico analysis and their known association with tumorigenesis. In conclusion, our research provides valuable insights into the potential use of TChal to reveal MicroRNAs molecular targets that can be applied in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Takahasi Komoto
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto 14096-900, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Teaching and Research Institute, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Felipe Garcia Nishimura
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Adriane Feijó Evangelista
- Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Ana Julia Aguiar de Freitas
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Teaching and Research Institute, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araujo Silva
- Center for Medical Genomics at the Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Kamila Peronni
- Center for Medical Genomics at the Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Mozart Marins
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Fachin
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto 14096-900, Brazil
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Ma Y, Deng W, Zhang K, Song Y, Zhang L, Shao J, Liu X, Wan Z, Wang X, Li R. Dual RNA-Sequencing and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Unveil Specific Insights on the Pathogenicity of Trichophyton mentagrophytes Complex. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:470-479.e6. [PMID: 38295003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trichophyton mentagrophytes is increasingly considered to be a public health hazard because it causes the most severe manifestations of dermatophytosis. In this study, we performed a series of studies to determine the pathogenicity of the T. mentagrophytes complex. We show that the T. mentagrophytes complex interacts with keratinocytes through pattern-recognition receptors‒MAPK/noncanonical NF-κB pathways and that the hyphal form of T. mentagrophytes is responsible for the increased inflammatory responses in keratinocytes. Moreover, SN-38 is likely a toxin of T. mentagrophytes that induces apoptosis in keratinocytes both in vivo and in vitro. Our results explain the severe pathogenicity and destructiveness of T. mentagrophytes observed in the clinic and pave the way for designing novel toxin-directed therapies to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Ma
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Deng
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yinggai Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Shao
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wan
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Prescott TAK, Anaissi-Afonso L, Fox KR, Maxwell A, Panaretou B, Machín F. A simplified and easy-to-use HIP HOP assay provides insights into chalcone antifungal mechanisms of action. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:3087-3102. [PMID: 36053795 PMCID: PMC10087691 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanism of action of an antifungal or cytotoxic compound is a time-consuming process. Yeast chemogenomic profiling provides a compelling solution to the problem but is experimentally complex. Here, we demonstrate the use of a highly simplified yeast chemical genetic assay comprising just 89 yeast deletion strains, each diagnostic for a specific mechanism of action. We use the assay to investigate the mechanism of action of two antifungal chalcone compounds, trans-chalcone and 4'-hydroxychalcone, and narrow down the mechanism to transcriptional stress. Crucially, the assay eliminates mechanisms of action such as topoisomerase I inhibition and membrane disruption that have been suggested for related chalcone compounds. We propose this simplified assay as a useful tool to rapidly identify common off-target mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Anaissi-Afonso
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ntra Sra de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Keith R Fox
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Anthony Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Barry Panaretou
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Félix Machín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ntra Sra de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Efficacy of Bovine Nail Membranes as In Vitro Model for Onychomycosis Infected by Trichophyton Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8111133. [DOI: 10.3390/jof8111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection caused by different etiologic agents, including dermatophytes that specifically colonize keratin-rich substrates. The aim of this work was to investigate mechanical modifications of bovine membranes (used as an in vitro nail model) placed in contact with Trichophyton species. Trichophyton strains were isolated from toenails specimens. The procedure was set up by spreading T. rubrum,T. interdigitale, and T. mentagrophytes strains on Petri dishes with minimal and rich media; after that, bovine membranes were placed in the center. After 27 days, T. interdigitale and T. mentagrophytes significantly reduced the thickness of the colonized membranes, whereas two T. rubrum strains showed the highest degradation limited to the small colonized area. These results were confirmed by SEM images of the colonization profile on membranes. Mechanical analyses performed on membranes were used as an innovative method to evaluate the thickness and structural integrity of membranes variation following fungal colonization. In conclusion, mechanical analyses of substrate may be used as a procedure for the development of a new onychomycosis diagnosis test in order to develop personalized and strain-specific treatment.
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Cao X, Xu X, Dong J, Xue Y, Sun L, Zhu Y, Liu T, Jin Q. Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of circRNAs in Trichophyton rubrum conidial and mycelial stages. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:21. [PMID: 34983376 PMCID: PMC8725419 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of noncoding RNAs that participate in gene expression regulation in various pathways. The essential roles of circRNAs have been revealed in many species. However, knowledge of circRNAs in fungi is still not comprehensive. Results Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) is considered a model organism of human pathogenic filamentous fungi and dermatophytes. In this study, we performed a genome-wide investigation of circRNAs in T. rubrum based on high-throughput sequencing and ultimately identified 4254 circRNAs. Most of these circRNAs were specific to the conidial or mycelial stage, revealing a developmental stage-specific expression pattern. In addition, 940 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between the conidial and mycelial stages. PCR experiments conducted on seven randomly selected differentially expressed (DE-) circRNAs confirmed the circularized structures and relative expression levels of these circRNAs. Based on their genome locations, most circRNAs originated from intergenic regions, unlike those in plants and animals. Furthermore, we constructed circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks that included 661 DE-circRNAs targeting 140 miRNAs and further regulating 2753 mRNAs. The relative expression levels of two randomly selected circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes were investigated by qRT-PCR, and the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network theory was validated. Functional enrichment analysis of the target genes suggested that they were significantly involved in posttranscriptional processes and protein synthesis as well as some small-molecule metabolism processes. CircRNAs are relatively more conserved in closely related dermatophytes but rarely conserved in distantly related species. Tru_circ07138_001 is a highly conserved circRNA that was conserved in all ten dermatophytes analyzed in our study and three distantly related species. Its host gene TERG_07138 was also highly conserved in two of these distantly related species Gallus gallus and Caenorhabditis elegans. The specific role of this circRNA deserves further exploration. Conclusions Our study is the first to provide a global profile of circRNAs in T. rubrum as well as dermatophytes. These results could serve as valuable resources for research on circRNA regulatory mechanisms in fungi and reveal new insights for further investigation of the physical characteristics of these significant human fungal pathogens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08184-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xingye Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lilian Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yafang Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Al Aboody MS, Mickymaray S. Anti-Fungal Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E45. [PMID: 31991883 PMCID: PMC7168129 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of fungal infections is growing at an alarming pace and the pathogenesis is still not clearly understood. Recurrence of these fungal diseases is often due to their evolutionary avoidance of antifungal resistance. The development of suitable novel antimicrobial agents for fungal diseases continues to be a major problem in the current clinical field. Hence, it is urgently necessary to develop surrogate agents that are more effective than conventional available drugs. Among the remarkable innovations from earlier investigations on natural-drugs, flavonoids are a group of plant-derived substances capable of promoting many valuable effects on humans. The identification of flavonoids with possible antifungal effects at small concentrations or in synergistic combinations could help to overcome this problem. A combination of flavonoids with available drugs is an excellent approach to reduce the side effects and toxicity. This review focuses on various naturally occurring flavonoids and their antifungal activities, modes of action, and synergetic use in combination with conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Mickymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Riyadh Region, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
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Petrucelli MF, Matsuda JB, Peroni K, Sanches PR, Silva WA, Beleboni RO, Martinez-Rossi NM, Marins M, Fachin AL. The Transcriptional Profile of Trichophyton rubrum Co-Cultured with Human Keratinocytes Shows New Insights about Gene Modulation by Terbinafine. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040274. [PMID: 31795354 PMCID: PMC6963840 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum is the main causative agent of dermatophytoses worldwide. Although a superficial mycosis, its incidence has been increasing especially among diabetic and immunocompromised patients. Terbinafine is commonly used for the treatment of infections caused by dermatophytes. However, cases of resistance of T. rubrum to this allylamine were reported even with the efficacy of this drug. The present study is the first to evaluate the effect of terbinafine using a co-culture model of T. rubrum and human keratinocytes, mimicking a fungus-host interaction, in conjunction with RNA-seq technique. Our data showed the repression of several genes involved in the ergosterol biosynthesis cascade and the induction of genes encoding major facilitator superfamily (MFS)- and ATP-binding cassette superfamily (ABC)-type membrane transporter which may be involved in T. rubrum mechanisms of resistance to this drug. We observed that some genes reported in the scientific literature as candidates of new antifungal targets were also modulated. In addition, we found the modulation of several genes that are hypothetical in T. rubrum but that possess known orthologs in other dermatophytes. Taken together, the results indicate that terbinafine can act on various targets related to the physiology of T. rubrum other than its main target of ergosterol biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monise Fazolin Petrucelli
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Av. Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Preto 14960-900, SP, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (J.B.M.); (R.O.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Josie Budag Matsuda
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Av. Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Preto 14960-900, SP, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (J.B.M.); (R.O.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Kamila Peroni
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, SP, Brazil; (K.P.)
| | - Pablo Rodrigo Sanches
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.R.S.); (N.M.M.-R.)
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, SP, Brazil; (K.P.)
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.R.S.); (N.M.M.-R.)
- Center for Integrative System Biology-CISBi-NAP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
- Center for Medical Genomics, University Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14015-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Rene Oliveira Beleboni
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Av. Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Preto 14960-900, SP, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (J.B.M.); (R.O.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Nilce Maria Martinez-Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.R.S.); (N.M.M.-R.)
| | - Mozart Marins
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Av. Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Preto 14960-900, SP, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (J.B.M.); (R.O.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Ana Lúcia Fachin
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Av. Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Preto 14960-900, SP, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (J.B.M.); (R.O.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Fax: +55-16-36037030
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