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Characterization of Biofilm Microbiome Formation Developed on Novel 3D-Printed Zeolite Biocarriers during Aerobic and Anaerobic Digestion Processes. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aerobic or anaerobic digestion is involved in treating agricultural and municipal waste, and the addition of biocarriers has been proven to improve them further. We synthesized novel biocarriers utilizing zeolites and different inorganic binders and compared their efficiency with commercially available biocarriers in aerobic and anaerobic digestion systems. Methods: We examined BMP and several physicochemical parameters to characterize the efficiency of novel biocarriers on both systems. We also determined the SMP and EPS content of synthesized biofilm and measured the adherence and size of the forming biofilm. Finally, we characterized the samples by 16S rRNA sequencing to determine the crucial microbial communities involved. Results: Evaluating BMP results, ZSM-5 zeolite with bentonite binder emerged, whereas ZSM-5 zeolite with halloysite nanotubes binder stood out in the wastewater treatment experiment. Twice the relative frequencies of archaea were found on novel biocarriers after being placed in AD batch reactors, and >50% frequencies of Proteobacteria after being placed in WWT reactors, compared to commercial ones. Conclusions: The newly synthesized biocarriers were not only equally efficient with the commercially available ones, but some were even superior as they greatly enhanced aerobic or anaerobic digestion and showed strong biofilm formation and unique microbiome signatures.
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Dong X, Yu K, Jia X, Zhang Y, Peng X. Perchlorate reduction kinetics and genome-resolved metagenomics identify metabolic interactions in acclimated saline lake perchlorate-reducing consortia. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 227:119343. [PMID: 36371918 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate is a widely detected environmental contaminant in surface and underground water, that seriously impacts human health by inhibiting the uptake of thyroidal radioiodine. Perchlorate reduction due to saline lake microorganisms is not as well understood as that in marine environments. In this study, we enriched a perchlorate-reducing microbial consortium collected from saline lake sediments and found that the perchlorate reduction kinetics of the enriched consortium fit the Michaelis-Menten kinetics well, with a maximum specific substrate reduction rate (qmax) of 0.596 ± 0.001 mg ClO4-/mg DW/h and half-saturation constant (Ks) of 16.549 ± 0.488 mg ClO4-/L. Furthermore, we used improved metagenome binning to reconstruct high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from the metagenomes of the microbial consortia, including the perchlorate-reducing bacteria (PRB) Dechloromonas agitata and Wolinella succinogenes, with the genome of W. succinogenes harboring complete functional genes for perchlorate reduction being the first recovered. Given that the electrons were directly transferred to the electronic carrier cytochrome c-553 from the quinone pool, the electron transfer pathway of W. succinogenes was shorter and more efficient than the canonical pattern. This finding provides a theoretical basis for microbial remediation of sites contaminated by high concentrations of perchlorate. Metagenomic binning and metatranscriptomic analyses revealed the gene transcription variation of perchlorate reductase pcr and chlorite dismutase cld by PRB and the synergistic metabolic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ke Yu
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoshan Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingxing Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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He L, Yang Q, Zhong Y, Yao F, Wu B, Hou K, Pi Z, Wang D, Li X. Electro-assisted autohydrogenotrophic reduction of perchlorate and microbial community in a dual-chamber biofilm-electrode reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128548. [PMID: 33059291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The electro-assisted autohydrogenotrophic reduction of perchlorate (ClO4-) was investigated in a dual-chamber biofilm-electrode reactor (BER), in which the microbial community was inoculated from natural sediments. To avoid the effect of extreme pH and direct electron transfer on perchlorate reduction, a novel cathode configuration was designed. The pH of the cathode compartment was successfully controlled in the range of 7.2-8.4 during whole experiment. The effective biological autohydrogenotrophic reduction of perchlorate was achieved using hydrogen generated in-situ on the electrode surface, and the removal rate of 10 mg L-1 perchlorate reached 98.16% at HRT of 48 h. The highest perchlorate removal flux reached to 1498.420 mg m-2·d-1 with a 0.410 kW·h g-perchlorate-1 energy consumption. The microbial community evolution in the BER was determined by high-throughput sequencing and the results indicated that the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were dominant at phylum level when perchlorate concentration was 10 mg L-1 or lower. And the Proteobacteria became ascendant at the perchlorate concentration of 20 mg L-1. The functional populations for perchlorate reduction were successfully enriched including Nitrosomonas (30%), Thermomonas (9%), Comamonas (8%) and Hydrogenophaga (3%). Meanwhile, the proportion of functional population in biofilm linked to perchlorate concentration. With the increase of influent perchlorate concentration, the perchlorate-reducing bacteria (PRB) were enriched successfully and became ascendant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Fubing Yao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Kunjie Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Zhoujie Pi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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Acevedo-Barrios R, Olivero-Verbel J. Perchlorate Contamination: Sources, Effects, and Technologies for Remediation. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 256:103-120. [PMID: 34611758 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate is a persistent pollutant, generated via natural and anthropogenic processes, that possesses a high potential for endocrine disruption in humans and biota. It inhibits iodine fixation, a major reason for eliminating this pollutant from ecosystems. Remediation of perchlorate can be achieved with various physicochemical treatments, especially at low concentrations. However, microbiological approaches using microorganisms, such as those from the genera Dechloromonas, Serratia, Propionivibrio, Wolinella, and Azospirillum, are promising when perchlorate pollution is extensive. Perchlorate-reducing bacteria, isolated from harsh environments, for example saline soils, mine sediments, thermal waters, wastewater treatment plants, underground gas storage facilities, and remote areas, including the Antarctica, can provide removal yields from 20 to 100%. Perchlorate reduction, carried out by a series of enzymes, such as perchlorate reductase and superoxide chlorite, depends on pH, temperature, salt concentration, metabolic inhibitors, nutritional conditions, time of contact, and cellular concentration. Microbial degradation is cost-effective, simple to implement, and environmentally friendly, rendering it a viable method for alleviating perchlorate pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Acevedo-Barrios
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Estudios Químicos y Biológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
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Saccò M, Blyth AJ, Humphreys WF, Middleton JA, White NE, Campbell M, Mousavi-Derazmahalleh M, Laini A, Hua Q, Meredith K, Cooper SJB, Griebler C, Allard S, Grierson P, Grice K. Tracking down carbon inputs underground from an arid zone Australian calcrete. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237730. [PMID: 32857799 PMCID: PMC7454941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems play a key role in shaping the global carbon cycle and maintaining the ecological balance that sustains biodiversity worldwide. Surficial water bodies are often interconnected with groundwater, forming a physical continuum, and their interaction has been reported as a crucial driver for organic matter (OM) inputs in groundwater systems. However, despite the growing concerns related to increasing anthropogenic pressure and effects of global change to groundwater environments, our understanding of the dynamics regulating subterranean carbon flows is still sparse. We traced carbon composition and transformations in an arid zone calcrete aquifer using a novel multidisciplinary approach that combined isotopic analyses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC) (δ13CDOC, δ13CDIC, 14CDOC and 14CDIC) with fluorescence spectroscopy (Chromophoric Dissolved OM (CDOM) characterisation) and metabarcoding analyses (taxonomic and functional genomics on bacterial 16S rRNA). To compare dynamics linked to potential aquifer recharge processes, water samples were collected from two boreholes under contrasting rainfall: low rainfall ((LR), dry season) and high rainfall ((HR), wet season). Our isotopic results indicate limited changes and dominance of modern terrestrial carbon in the upper part (northeast) of the bore field, but correlation between HR and increased old and 13C-enriched DOC in the lower area (southwest). CDOM results show a shift from terrestrially to microbially derived compounds after rainfall in the same lower field bore, which was also sampled for microbial genetics. Functional genomic results showed increased genes coding for degradative pathways-dominated by those related to aromatic compound metabolisms-during HR. Our results indicate that rainfall leads to different responses in different parts of the bore field, with an increase in old carbon sources and microbial processing in the lower part of the field. We hypothesise that this may be due to increasing salinity, either due to mobilisation of Cl- from the soil, or infiltration from the downstream salt lake during HR. This study is the first to use a multi-technique assessment using stable and radioactive isotopes together with functional genomics to probe the principal organic biogeochemical pathways regulating an arid zone calcrete system. Further investigations involving extensive sampling from diverse groundwater ecosystems will allow better understanding of the microbiological pathways sustaining the ecological functioning of subterranean biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Saccò
- WA-Organic Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alison J. Blyth
- WA-Organic Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - William F. Humphreys
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Collections and Research Centre, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, WA, Australia
| | - Jen A. Middleton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole E. White
- Trace and Environmental DNA Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew Campbell
- WA-Organic Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Masha Mousavi-Derazmahalleh
- Trace and Environmental DNA Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alex Laini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Quan Hua
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag Kirrawee DC, NSW, Australia
| | - Karina Meredith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag Kirrawee DC, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven J. B. Cooper
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christian Griebler
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastien Allard
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Pauline Grierson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kliti Grice
- WA-Organic Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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6
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Barnum TP, Cheng Y, Hill KA, Lucas LN, Carlson HK, Coates JD. Identification of a parasitic symbiosis between respiratory metabolisms in the biogeochemical chlorine cycle. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:1194-1206. [PMID: 32024948 PMCID: PMC7174294 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A key step in the chlorine cycle is the reduction of perchlorate (ClO4-) and chlorate (ClO3-) to chloride by microbial respiratory pathways. Perchlorate-reducing bacteria and chlorate-reducing bacteria differ in that the latter cannot use perchlorate, the most oxidized chlorine compound. However, a recent study identified a bacterium with the chlorate reduction pathway dominating a community provided only perchlorate. Here we confirm a metabolic interaction between perchlorate- and chlorate-reducing bacteria and define its mechanism. Perchlorate-reducing bacteria supported the growth of chlorate-reducing bacteria to up to 90% of total cells in communities and co-cultures. Chlorate-reducing bacteria required the gene for chlorate reductase to grow in co-culture with perchlorate-reducing bacteria, demonstrating that chlorate is responsible for the interaction, not the subsequent intermediates chlorite and oxygen. Modeling of the interaction suggested that cells specialized for chlorate reduction have a competitive advantage for consuming chlorate produced from perchlorate, especially at high concentrations of perchlorate, because perchlorate and chlorate compete for a single enzyme in perchlorate-reducing cells. We conclude that perchlorate-reducing bacteria inadvertently support large populations of chlorate-reducing bacteria in a parasitic relationship through the release of the intermediate chlorate. An implication of these findings is that undetected chlorate-reducing bacteria have likely negatively impacted efforts to bioremediate perchlorate pollution for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P Barnum
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yiwei Cheng
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kaisle A Hill
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lauren N Lucas
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hans K Carlson
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John D Coates
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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Miralles-Robledillo JM, Torregrosa-Crespo J, Martínez-Espinosa RM, Pire C. DMSO Reductase Family: Phylogenetics and Applications of Extremophiles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3349. [PMID: 31288391 PMCID: PMC6650914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide reductases (DMSO) are molybdoenzymes widespread in all domains of life. They catalyse not only redox reactions, but also hydroxylation/hydration and oxygen transfer processes. Although literature on DMSO is abundant, the biological significance of these enzymes in anaerobic respiration and the molecular mechanisms beyond the expression of genes coding for them are still scarce. In this review, a deep revision of the literature reported on DMSO as well as the use of bioinformatics tools and free software has been developed in order to highlight the relevance of DMSO reductases on anaerobic processes connected to different biogeochemical cycles. Special emphasis has been addressed to DMSO from extremophilic organisms and their role in nitrogen cycle. Besides, an updated overview of phylogeny of DMSOs as well as potential applications of some DMSO reductases on bioremediation approaches are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose María Miralles-Robledillo
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, División de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Torregrosa-Crespo
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, División de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, División de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Pire
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, División de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
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8
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Biotechnological Applications of Microbial (Per)chlorate Reduction. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5040076. [PMID: 29186812 PMCID: PMC5748585 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
While the microbial degradation of a chloroxyanion-based herbicide was first observed nearly ninety years ago, only recently have researchers elucidated the underlying mechanisms of perchlorate and chlorate [collectively, (per)chlorate] respiration. Although the obvious application of these metabolisms lies in the bioremediation and attenuation of (per)chlorate in contaminated environments, a diversity of alternative and innovative biotechnological applications has been proposed based on the unique metabolic abilities of dissimilatory (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria (DPRB). This is fueled in part by the unique ability of these organisms to generate molecular oxygen as a transient intermediate of the central pathway of (per)chlorate respiration. This ability, along with other novel aspects of the metabolism, have resulted in a wide and disparate range of potential biotechnological applications being proposed, including enzymatic perchlorate detection; gas gangrene therapy; enhanced xenobiotic bioremediation; oil reservoir bio-souring control; chemostat hygiene control; aeration enhancement in industrial bioreactors; and, biogenic oxygen production for planetary exploration. While previous reviews focus on the fundamental science of microbial (per)chlorate reduction (for example see Youngblut et al., 2016), here, we provide an overview of the emerging biotechnological applications of (per)chlorate respiration and the underlying organisms and enzymes to environmental and biotechnological industries.
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Zhu Y, Wu M, Gao N, Chu W, Wang S. Impacts of nitrate and electron donor on perchlorate reduction and microbial community composition in a biologically activated carbon reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:134-143. [PMID: 27643659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of perchlorate reduction and microbial composition to varied nitrate and acetate loadings was studied in a biologically activated carbon reactor with perchlorate loading and empty bed contact time fixed at 5 mg/L and 226 min, respectively. In stage 1, the sole electron acceptor ClO4- realized complete removal with ≥21.95 mg C/L of acetate supply. As nitrate loading gradually increased to 5 mg/L (stage 2), perchlorate reduction was slightly promoted and both ClO4- and NO3- were completely removed at an acetate loading of 29.7 mg C/L. When nitrate loading continued increasing to 10-60 mg/L (stage 3), perchlorate reduction converted to be inhibited, along with nondetectable NO3- and approximately exhausted DOC in effluent. When acetate loading increased to 43.9 mg C/L in stage 4, both ClO4- and NO3- were again removed, though lags still existed in perchlorate reduction. β-Proteobacteria accounted for about 60%, 55%, 58%, 61% and 12% in samples from the base and top of the filter in stage 1 and those from the base, middle and top in stage 4, respectively. These findings implied that ratio of NO3- to ClO4- loadings and acetate loading were two key factors impacting ClO4- reduction and microbial structure along the filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuaifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Characterization of an anaerobic marine microbial community exposed to combined fluxes of perchlorate and salinity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9719-9732. [PMID: 27596621 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent recognition of the environmental prevalence of perchlorate and its discovery on Mars, Earth's moon, and in meteorites, in addition to its novel application to controlling oil reservoir sulfidogenesis, has resulted in a renewed interest in this exotic ion and its associated microbiology. However, while plentiful data exists on freshwater perchlorate respiring organisms, information on their halophilic counterparts and microbial communities is scarce. Here, we investigated the temporal evolving structure of perchlorate respiring communities under a range of NaCl concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 % wt/vol) using marine sediment amended with acetate and perchlorate. In general, perchlorate consumption rates were inversely proportional to NaCl concentration with the most rapid rate observed at 1 % NaCl. At 10 % NaCl, no perchlorate removal was observed. Transcriptional analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that salinity impacted microbial community structure and the most active members were in families Rhodocyclaceae (1 and 3 % NaCl), Pseudomonadaceae (1 NaCl), Campylobacteraceae (1, 5, and 7 % NaCl), Sedimenticolaceae (3 % NaCl), Desulfuromonadaceae (5 and 7 % NaCl), Pelobacteraceae (5 % NaCl), Helicobacteraceae (5 and 7 % NaCl), and V1B07b93 (7 %). Novel isolates of genera Sedimenticola, Marinobacter, Denitromonas, Azoarcus, and Pseudomonas were obtained and their perchlorate respiring capacity confirmed. Although the obligate anaerobic, sulfur-reducing Desulfuromonadaceae species were dominant at 5 and 7 % NaCl, their enrichment may result from biological sulfur cycling, ensuing from the innate ability of DPRB to oxidize sulfide. Additionally, our results demonstrated enrichment of an archaeon of phylum Parvarchaeota at 5 % NaCl. To date, this phylum has only been described in metagenomic experiments of acid mine drainage and is unexpected in a marine community. These studies identify the intrinsic capacity of marine systems to respire perchlorate and significantly expand the known diversity of organisms capable of this novel metabolism.
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Zheng D, Gao M, Wang Z, She Z, Jin C, Chang Q. Performance comparison of biofilm and suspended sludge from a sequencing batch biofilm reactor treating mariculture wastewater under oxytetracycline stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:2391-2404. [PMID: 26854088 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1150353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbial community of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) were investigated in treating mariculture wastewater under oxytetracycline stress. The chemical oxygen demand and [Formula: see text]-N removal efficiencies of the SBBR decreased with the increase of oxytetracycline concentration, and no obvious [Formula: see text]-N and [Formula: see text]-N accumulation in the effluent appeared at less than 10 mg L(-1) oxytetracycline. The specific oxygen utilization rate of the suspended sludge was more than that of the biofilm at different oxytetracycline concentrations. The specific ammonium oxidation rate (SAOR) of the biofilm was more easily affected by oxytetracycline than that of the suspended sludge, whereas the effect of oxytetracycline on the specific nitrite oxidation rate (SNOR) of the biofilm was less than that of the suspended sludge. The specific nitrate reduction rate of both the biofilm and suspended sludge was higher than the sum of the SAOR and SNOR at different oxytetracycline concentrations. The protein and polysaccharide contents in the EPS of the biofilm and suspended sludge increased with the increase of oxytetracycline concentration. The appearance of oxytetracycline in the influent could affect the chemical composition of the loosely bound EPS and tightly bound EPS. The amino, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups might be involved with interaction between EPS and oxytetracycline. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles indicated that the variation of oxytetracycline concentration in the influent could affect the microbial communities of both the biofilm and suspended sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zheng
- a Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- a Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
- b College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- a Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Zonglian She
- b College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunji Jin
- b College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Chang
- b College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Respiration of perchlorate and chlorate [collectively, (per)chlorate] was only recognized in the last 20 years, yet substantial advances have been made in our understanding of the underlying metabolisms. Although it was once considered solely anthropogenic, pervasive natural sources, both terrestrial and extraterrestrial, indicate an ancient (per)chlorate presence across our solar system. These discoveries stimulated interest in (per)chlorate microbiology, and the application of advanced approaches highlights exciting new facets. Forward and reverse genetics revealed new information regarding underlying molecular biology and associated regulatory mechanisms. Structural and functional analysis characterized core enzymes and identified novel reaction sequences. Comparative genomics elucidated evolutionary aspects, and stress analysis identified novel response mechanisms to reactive chlorine species. Finally, systems biology identified unique metabolic versatility and novel mechanisms of (per)chlorate respiration, including symbiosis and a hybrid enzymatic-abiotic metabolism. While many published studies focus on (per)chlorate and their basic metabolism, this review highlights seminal advances made over the last decade and identifies new directions and potential novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Youngblut
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94704;
| | - Ouwei Wang
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94704; .,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Tyler P Barnum
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94704; .,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - John D Coates
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94704; .,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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13
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Draft Genome Sequence of Marinobacter sp. Strain P4B1, an Electrogenic Perchlorate-Reducing Strain Isolated from a Long-Term Mixed Enrichment Culture of Marine Bacteria. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/1/e01617-15. [PMID: 26798109 PMCID: PMC4722276 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01617-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The perchlorate-reducing strain Marinobacter sp. strain P4B1 was isolated from a long-term perchlorate-degrading enrichment culture seeded with marine sediment. The draft genome of Marinobacter sp. P4B1 is comprised of the bacterial chromosome (3.60 Mbp, G+C 58.51%, 3,269 predicted genes) and its associated plasmid pMARS01 (0.14 Mbp, G+C 52.95%, 165 predicted genes).
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14
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Ebrahimi S, Roberts DJ. Mathematical modelling and reactor design for multi-cycle bioregeneration of nitrate exhausted ion exchange resin. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:766-776. [PMID: 26595098 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate contamination is one of the largest issues facing communities worldwide. One of the most common methods for nitrate removal from water is ion exchange using nitrate selective resin. Although these resins have a great capacity for nitrate removal, they are considered non regenerable. The sustainability of nitrate-contaminated water treatment processes can be achieved by regenerating the exhausted resin several times rather than replacing and incineration of exhausted resin. The use of multi-cycle exhaustion/bioregeneration of resin enclosed in a membrane has been shown to be an effective and innovative regeneration method. In this research, the mechanisms for bioregeneration of resin were studied and a mathematical model which incorporated physical desorption process with biological removal kinetics was developed. Regardless of the salt concentration of the solution, this specific resin is a pore-diffusion controlled process (XδD ¯CDr0(5+2α)<<1). Also, Thiele modulus was calculated to be between 4 and 12 depending on the temperature and salt concentration. High Thiele modulus (>3) shows that the bioregeneration process is controlled by reaction kinetics and is governed by biological removal of nitrate. The model was validated by comparison to experimental data; the average of R-squared values for cycle 1 to 5 of regeneration was 0.94 ± 0.06 which shows that the developed model predicted the experimental results very well. The model sensitivity for different parameters was evaluated and a model bioreactor design for bioregeneration of highly selective resins was also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelir Ebrahimi
- Biological Solutions Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Deborah J Roberts
- Biological Solutions Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada.
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15
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Ebrahimi S, Nguyen TH, Roberts DJ. Effect of temperature & salt concentration on salt tolerant nitrate-perchlorate reducing bacteria: Nitrate degradation kinetics. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 83:345-353. [PMID: 26188598 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The sustainability of nitrate-contaminated water treatment using ion-exchange processes can be achieved by regenerating the exhausted resin several times. Our previous study shows that the use of multi-cycle bioregeneration of resin enclosed in membrane is an effective and innovative regeneration method. In this research, the effects of two independent factors (temperature and salt concentration) on the biological denitrification rate were studied. The results of this research along with the experimental results of the previous study on the effect of the same factors on nitrate desorption rate from the resin allow the optimization of the bioregeneration process. The results of nitrate denitrification rate study show that the biodegradation rate at different temperature and salt concentration is independent of the initial nitrate concentration. At each specific salt concentration, the nitrate removal rate increased with increasing temperature with the average value of 0.001110 ± 0.0000647 mg-nitrate/mg-VSS.h.°C. However, the effect of different salt concentrations was dependent on the temperature; there is a significant interaction between salt concentration and temperature; within each group of temperatures, the nitrate degradation rate decreased with increasing the salt concentration. The temperature affected the tolerance to salinity and culture was less tolerant to high concentration of salt at low temperature. Evidenced by the difference between the minimum and maximum nitrate degradation rate being greater at lower temperature. At 35 °C, a 32% reduction in the nitrate degradation rate was observed while at 12 °C this reduction was 69%. This is the first published study to examine the interaction of salt concentration and temperature during biological denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelir Ebrahimi
- Biological Solutions Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Thi Hau Nguyen
- Biological Solutions Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Deborah J Roberts
- Biological Solutions Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
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16
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Wang S, Gao M, Wang Z, She Z, Jin C, Zhao Y, Guo L, Chang Q. Effect of oxytetracycline on performance and microbial community of an anoxic–aerobic sequencing batch reactor treating mariculture wastewater. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06302g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The DGGE profile illustrates that the microbial communities of activated sludge exhibit obvious variations under OTC stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Zonglian She
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Chunji Jin
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Qingbo Chang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
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