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Ouyang K, Chen T, Sun R, Xie Y, Qi Q, Li X, Liu J, Liu Q, Wei L. Effects of dietary cecropin on growth performance, diarrhea rate and intestinal health of nursery Hainan pigs. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1298703. [PMID: 38633702 PMCID: PMC11021643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1298703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides could inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and promote the growth performance in weaned piglets. Here, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with cecropin antimicrobial peptides (CAP) on growth performance, diarrhea rate, intestinal health in nursery Hainan piglets. For this, 120 healthy nursery Hainan male piglets (13.29 ± 0.29 kg, 44 days old) were randomly divided into 5 groups-a control (CON) group (fed a basal diet), an antibiotic control (AC) group (fed a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg colistin sulfate); and 3 experimental groups (provided the basal diet supplemented with 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg CAP). Pre-feeding lasted 7 days and the official period lasted 40 days. The results showed that compared with the CON group, dietary supplementation of 500 mg/kg CAP had significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG, p < 0.05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and diarrhea rate were markedly reduced (p < 0.05), serum total protein (TP), albumin, IgA, IgM, and globulin concentrations were significantly increased (p < 0.05), where serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and it also increased the villus height and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in the jejunum, reduced the serum D-lactic acid concentrations and diamine oxidase activity, and increased the expression level of ZO-1 and occludin in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05), the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, and Limoslactobacillus in the colon were increased (p < 0.05), whereas that of Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella were reduced (p < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary supplementation with 500 mg/kg CAP could improve the growth performance, reduce the diarrhea rate, improve the serum immunity, intestinal health of nursery pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ouyang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Sun
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yali Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experimental Animal Research Center), Sanya, China
| | - Quanwei Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experimental Animal Research Center), Sanya, China
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Dho M, Candian V, Tedeschi R. Insect Antimicrobial Peptides: Advancements, Enhancements and New Challenges. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:952. [PMID: 37370271 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several insects are known as vectors of a wide range of animal and human pathogens causing various diseases. However, they are also a source of different substances, such as the Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs), which can be employed in the development of natural bioactive compounds for medical, veterinary and agricultural applications. It is well known that AMP activity, in contrast to most classical antibiotics, does not lead to the development of natural bacterial resistance, or at least the frequency of resistance is considered to be low. Therefore, there is a strong interest in assessing the efficacy of the various peptides known to date, identifying new compounds and evaluating possible solutions in order to increase their production. Moreover, implementing AMP modulation in insect rearing could preserve insect health in large-scale production. This review describes the current knowledge on insect AMPs, presenting the validated ones for the different insect orders. A brief description of their mechanism of action is reported with focus on proposed applications. The possible effects of insect diet on AMP translation and synthesis have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dho
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Valentina Candian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Rosemarie Tedeschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Gu H, Kato T, Kumeta H, Kumaki Y, Tsukamoto T, Kikukawa T, Demura M, Ishida H, Vogel HJ, Aizawa T. Three-Dimensional Structure of the Antimicrobial Peptide Cecropin P1 in Dodecylphosphocholine Micelles and the Role of the C-Terminal Residues. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31924-31934. [PMID: 36120057 PMCID: PMC9475619 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cecropin P1 (CP1) isolated from a large roundworm Ascaris suum, which is found in pig intestines, has been extensively studied as a model antimicrobial peptide (AMP). However, despite being a model AMP, its antibacterial mechanism is not well understood, particularly the function of its C-terminus. By using an Escherichia coli overexpression system with calmodulin as a fusion partner, we succeeded in the mass expression of recombinant peptides, avoiding toxicity to the host and degradation of CP1. The structure of the recombinant 15N- and 13C-labeled CP1 and its C-terminus truncated analogue in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles was determined by NMR. In this membrane-mimetic environment, CP1 formed an α-helix for almost its entire length, except for a short region at the C-terminus, and there was no evidence of a hinge, which is considered important for the expression of activity in other cecropins. Several NMR analyses showed that the entire length of CP1 was protected from water by micelles. Since the loss of the C-terminus of the analogue had little effect on the NMR structure or its interaction with the micelle, we investigated another role of the C-terminus of CP1 in its antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the C-terminal region affected the DNA-binding capacity of CP1, and this mechanism of action was also newly suggested that it contributed to the antimicrobial activity of CP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- Graduate
School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takasumi Kato
- Graduate
School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kumeta
- Faculty
of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kumaki
- Faculty
of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Faculty
of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikukawa
- Faculty
of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Makoto Demura
- Faculty
of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishida
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hans J. Vogel
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Faculty
of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Li R, Qiao S, Zhang G. Reappraising host cellular factors involved in attachment and entry to develop antiviral strategies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:975610. [PMID: 35958155 PMCID: PMC9360752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.975610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), is a highly contagious disease that brings tremendous economic losses to the global swine industry. As an intracellular obligate pathogen, PRRSV infects specific host cells to complete its replication cycle. PRRSV attachment to and entry into host cells are the first steps to initiate the replication cycle and involve multiple host cellular factors. In this review, we recapitulated recent advances on host cellular factors involved in PRRSV attachment and entry, and reappraised their functions in these two stages, which will deepen the understanding of PRRSV infection and provide insights to develop promising antiviral strategies against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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Abduljalil JM, Abd Al Galil FM. Molecular pathogenesis of dengue virus infection in Aedes mosquitoes. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 138:104367. [PMID: 35131236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aedes mosquitoes are implicated in the transmission of several viruses, including Dengue virus (DENV) to millions of people worldwide. The global expansion of Aedes mosquitos'habitats creates a desperate need for control mechanisms with minimum negative effects. Deciphering the molecular interactions between DENV and its vector is a promising field to develop such efficient control strategies. As soon as the viremic blood is ingested by the mosquito, DENV is encountered by different innate immunity responses. During the past three decades, different pathways of innate immunity have been identified in Aedes spp. Recognition of viral molecular patterns, including viral RNA, and vector attempts to resist DENV infection are the most important defense mechanisms. Crosstalk between innate immune pathways and redundancy of anti-DENV responses become more evident as research progresses. The viral evasion and repression of vector immune response are increasingly being discovered. Such viral strategies are potential targets to be disrupted in order to limit DENV infection and spread. Vector-related non-immune factors such as gut microbiota can also be tapped for efficient control of DENV infection in Aedes mosquito's populations without affecting their fitness. Current trends in controlling DENV in its vector are exploring the potentials of using genetically engineered mosquitoes via RNA-based systems to degrade DENV genome once released into the midgut cells cytoplasm at the early phase of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel M Abduljalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Thamar University, B.O. Box: 87246, Yemen.
| | - Fahd M Abd Al Galil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Thamar University, B.O. Box: 87246, Yemen; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bisha, B.O. Box: 551, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.
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Punginelli D, Schillaci D, Mauro M, Deidun A, Barone G, Arizza V, Vazzana M. The potential of antimicrobial peptides isolated from freshwater crayfish species in new drug development: A review. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:104258. [PMID: 34530039 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The much-publicised increased resistance of pathogenic bacteria to conventional antibiotics has focused research effort on the characterization of new antimicrobial drugs. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) extracted from animals are considered a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. In recent years, freshwater crayfish species have emerged as an important source of bioactive compounds. In fact, these invertebrates rely on an innate immune system based on cellular responses and on the production of important effectors in the haemolymph, such as AMPs, which are produced and stored in granules in haemocytes and released after stimulation. These effectors are active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we summarise the recent progress on AMPs isolated from the several species of freshwater crayfish and their prospects for future pharmaceutical applications to combat infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Punginelli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Schillaci
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alan Deidun
- Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida MSD, 2080, Malta
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
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7
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Exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 reduces porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection through proteasomal degradation of nsp3 and nsp5. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101548. [PMID: 34971707 PMCID: PMC8888461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to be a serious threat to the swine industry worldwide. Exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 (EXT1), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of heparin sulfate, has also been reported to be a host factor essential for a wide variety of pathogens. However, the role of EXT1 in PRRSV infection remains uncharted. Here we identified that PRRSV infection caused an increase of EXT1 expression. EXT1 knockdown promoted virus infection, while its overexpression inhibited virus infection, suggesting an inhibitory function of EXT1 to PRRSV infection. We found that EXT1 had no effects on the attachment, internalization, or release of PRRSV, but did restrict viral RNA replication. EXT1 was determined to interact with viral non-structural protein 3 (nsp3) and nsp5 via its N-terminal cytoplasmic tail and to enhance K48-linked polyubiquitination of these two nsps to promote their degradation. Furthermore, the C-terminal glycosyltransferase activity domain of EXT1 was necessary for nsp3 and nsp5 degradation. We also found that EXT2, a EXT1 homologue, interacted with EXT1 and inhibited PRRSV infection. Similarly, EXT1 effectively restricted porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine enteric alphacoronavirus (PEAV) infection in Vero cells. Taken together, this study reveals that EXT1 may serve as a broad-spectrum host restriction factor and suggests a molecular basis for the potential development of therapeutics against PRRSV infection.
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Zakaryan H, Chilingaryan G, Arabyan E, Serobian A, Wang G. Natural antimicrobial peptides as a source of new antiviral agents. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34554085 PMCID: PMC10026734 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antiviral drugs are limited because of their adverse side effects and increased rate of resistance. In recent decades, much scientific effort has been invested in the discovery of new synthetic and natural compounds with promising antiviral properties. Among this new generation of compounds, antimicrobial peptides with antiviral activity have been described and are attracting attention due to their mechanism of action and biological properties. To understand the potential of antiviral peptides (AVPs), we analyse the antiviral activity of well-known AVP families isolated from different natural sources, discuss their physical-chemical properties, and demonstrate how AVP databases can guide us to design synthetic AVPs with better therapeutic properties. All considerations in this sphere of antiviral therapy clearly demonstrate the remarkable contribution that AVPs may make in conquering old as well as newly emerging viruses that plague humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hovakim Zakaryan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
- Denovo Sciences CJSC, 0033, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Garri Chilingaryan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Erik Arabyan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
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Hollmann A, Cardoso NP, Espeche JC, Maffía PC. Review of antiviral peptides for use against zoonotic and selected non-zoonotic viruses. Peptides 2021; 142:170570. [PMID: 34000327 PMCID: PMC8120785 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Viruses remain one of the leading causes of animal and human disease. Some animal viral infections spread sporadically to human populations, posing a serious health risk. Particularly the emerging viral zoonotic diseases such as the novel, zoonotic coronavirus represent an actual challenge for the scientific and medical community. Besides human health risks, some animal viral infections, although still not zoonotic, represent important economic loses to the livestock industry. Viral infections pose a genuine concern for which there has been an increasing interest for new antiviral molecules. Among these novel compounds, antiviral peptides have been proposed as promising therapeutic options, not only for the growing body of evidence showing hopeful results but also due to the many adverse effects of chemical-based drugs. Here we review the current progress, key targets and considerations for the development of antiviral peptides (AVPs). The review summarizes the state of the art of the AVPs tested in zoonotic (coronaviruses, Rift Valley fever viruses, Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, Dengue and Junín virus) and also non-zoonotic farm animal viruses (avian and cattle viruses). Their molecular target, amino acid sequence and mechanism of action are summarized and reviewed. Antiviral peptides are currently on the cutting edge since they have been reported to display anti-coronavirus activity. Particularly, the review will discuss the specific mode of action of AVPs that specifically inhibit the fusion of viral and host-cell membranes for SARS-CoV-2, showing in detail some important features of the fusion inhibiting peptides that target the spike protein of these risky viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hollmann
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Bioactivos, Centro de Investigaciones en Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos (CIBAAL), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, RN 9, Km 1125, 4206, Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD, Bernal, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy P Cardoso
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, IVIT - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan C Espeche
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Bioactivos, Centro de Investigaciones en Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos (CIBAAL), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, RN 9, Km 1125, 4206, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Paulo C Maffía
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Av. Vergara 2222, Villa Tesei, Hurlingham, B1688GEZ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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10
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Jiang R, Zhang P, Wu X, Wang Y, Rehman T, Yao X, Luo Y, Yang Z. Expression of antimicrobial peptide Cecropin P1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its antibacterial and antiviral activity in vitro. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kumar R, Ali SA, Singh SK, Bhushan V, Mathur M, Jamwal S, Mohanty AK, Kaushik JK, Kumar S. Antimicrobial Peptides in Farm Animals: An Updated Review on Its Diversity, Function, Modes of Action and Therapeutic Prospects. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040206. [PMID: 33352919 PMCID: PMC7766339 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the arsenals of the innate host defense system, exhibiting evolutionarily conserved characteristics that are present in practically all forms of life. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria compounded with a slow discovery rate for new antibiotics that have necessitated scientific efforts to search for alternatives to antibiotics. Research on the identification of AMPs has generated very encouraging evidence that they curb infectious pathologies and are also useful as novel biologics to function as immunotherapeutic agents. Being innate, they exhibit the least cytotoxicity to the host and exerts a wide spectrum of biological activity including low resistance among microbes and increased wound healing actions. Notably, in veterinary science, the constant practice of massive doses of antibiotics with inappropriate withdrawal programs led to a high risk of livestock-associated antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the world faces tremendous pressure for designing and devising strategies to mitigate the use of antibiotics in animals and keep it safe for posterity. In this review, we illustrate the diversity of farm animal-specific AMPs, and their biochemical foundations, mode of action, and prospective application in clinics. Subsequently, we present the data for their systematic classification under the major and minor groups, antipathogenic action, and allied bioactivities in the host. Finally, we address the limitations of their clinical implementation and envision areas for further advancement.
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Pen G, Yang N, Teng D, Mao R, Hao Y, Wang J. A Review on the Use of Antimicrobial Peptides to Combat Porcine Viruses. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110801. [PMID: 33198242 PMCID: PMC7696308 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases pose a serious threat to animal husbandry, especially in the pig industry. With the rapid, continuous variation of viruses, a series of therapeutic measures, including vaccines, have quickly lost their efficacy, leading to great losses for animal husbandry. Therefore, it is urgent to find new drugs with more stable and effective antiviral activity. Recently, it has been reported that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have great potential for development and application in animal husbandry because of their significant antibacterial and antiviral activity, and the antiviral ability of AMPs has become a research hotspot. This article aims to review the research situation of AMPs used to combat viruses in swine production of animal husbandry, clarify the mechanism of action of AMPs on viruses and raise some questions, and explore the future potential of AMPs in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Pen
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-10-82106081 (J.W.); Fax: +86-10-82106079 (J.W.)
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-10-82106081 (J.W.); Fax: +86-10-82106079 (J.W.)
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13
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Guo C, Zhu Z, Yu P, Zhang X, Dong W, Wang X, Chen Y, Liu X. Inhibitory effect of iota-carrageenan on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro. Antivir Ther 2020; 24:261-270. [PMID: 30747721 DOI: 10.3851/imp3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important pathogen and causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide each year. Current vaccination strategies do not effectively prevent and control the virus. Consequently, it is necessary to develop novel antiviral strategies. Carrageenan, extracted from marine red algae, exhibits anti-coagulant, anti-tumour, anti-virus and immunomodulatory activities. METHODS We investigate the inhibitory effect of iota-carrageenan (CG) on PRRSV strain CH-1a via antiviral assay and viral binding, entry and release assays. RESULTS We found that CG effectively inhibited CH-1a replication at mRNA and protein levels in both Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). The antiviral activity of CG occurred during viral attachment and entry in virus life cycle. In addition, CG suppressed viral release in Marc-145 cells, as well as blocked CH-1a-induced apoptosis during the late period of infection. Furthermore, CG inhibited CH-1a-induced NF-κB activation, thus interfering with cytokine production in Marc-145 cells and PAMs, which contributes to its anti-PRRSV activity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data imply that CG might be an ideal candidate that is worthwhile developing into a new anti-PRRSV prophylactic and therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhenbang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Piao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, PR China
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14
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Li X, Zhang C, Liu L, Gu M. Existing bitter medicines for fighting 2019-nCoV-associated infectious diseases. FASEB J 2020; 34:6008-6016. [PMID: 32281695 PMCID: PMC7262065 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has led to more than seven thousand deaths. Unfortunately, there are no specific drugs available to cure this disease. Type 2 taste receptors (TAS2Rs) may play an important role in host defense mechanisms. Based on the idea of host-directed therapy (HDT), we performed a negative co-expression analysis using big data of 60 000 Affymetrix expression arrays and 5000 TCGA data sets to determine the functions of TAS2R10, which can be activated by numerous bitter substances. Excitingly, we found that the main functions of TAS2R10 involved controlling infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites, suggesting that TAS2R10 is a key trigger of host defense pathways. To quickly guide the clinical treatment of 2019-nCoV, we searched currently available drugs that are agonists of TAS2Rs. We identified many cheap, available, and safe medicines, such as diphenidol, quinine, chloroquine, artemisinin, chlorpheniramine, yohimbine, and dextromethorphan, which may target the most common symptoms caused by 2019-nCoV. We suggest that a cocktail-like recipe of existing bitter drugs may help doctors to fight this catastrophic disease and that the general public may drink or eat bitter substances, such as coffee, tea, or bitter vegetables, to reduce the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Li
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chaobao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Lianyong Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyPunan Hospital of Pudong New DistrictShanghaiChina
| | - Mingjun Gu
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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15
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The Mosquito Immune System and the Life of Dengue Virus: What We Know and Do Not Know. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020077. [PMID: 31200426 PMCID: PMC6631187 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are largely transmitted to humans by their arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes or ticks. The dengue virus (DENV) is one of the members of the family Flaviviridae and is the causative agent of dengue fever. In the mosquito vector, DENV enters through viremic blood meal and replicates in the mid-gut. Newly formed virion particles circulate to various mosquito organs and get transmitted to the next host in subsequent bites. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus have intricate immune control to allow DENV production at a sub-pathogenic level. In the mosquito, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and RNA inference (RNAi) are the two main antiviral strategies used against DENV. Apart from innate immunity, mosquito resident microbes play a significant role in modulating DENV replication. In this review, we discuss different immune mechanisms and preventive strategies that act against DENV in two of its vectors: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
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16
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Wu Q, Patočka J, Kuča K. Insect Antimicrobial Peptides, a Mini Review. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110461. [PMID: 30413046 PMCID: PMC6267271 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are crucial effectors of the innate immune system. They provide the first line of defense against a variety of pathogens. AMPs display synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics, and thus present the potential for combined therapies. Insects are extremely resistant to bacterial infections. Insect AMPs are cationic and comprise less than 100 amino acids. These insect peptides exhibit an antimicrobial effect by disrupting the microbial membrane and do not easily allow microbes to develop drug resistance. Currently, membrane mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial effects of AMPs are proposed by different modes: the barrel-stave mode, toroidal-pore, carpet, and disordered toroidal-pore are the typical modes. Positive charge quantity, hydrophobic property and the secondary structure of the peptide are important for the antibacterial activity of AMPs. At present, several structural families of AMPs from insects are known (defensins, cecropins, drosocins, attacins, diptericins, ponericins, metchnikowins, and melittin), but new AMPs are frequently discovered. We reviewed the biological effects of the major insect AMPs. This review will provide further information that facilitates the study of insect AMPs and shed some light on novel microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Patočka
- Department of Radiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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17
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Krõlov K, Uusna J, Grellier T, Andresen L, Jevtuševskaja J, Tulp I, Langel Ü. Implementation of antimicrobial peptides for sample preparation prior to nucleic acid amplification in point-of-care settings. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:1117-1125. [PMID: 28965426 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1386557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of sample preparation techniques are used prior to nucleic acid amplification. However, their efficiency is not always sufficient and nucleic acid purification remains the preferred method for template preparation. Purification is difficult and costly to apply in point-of-care (POC) settings and there is a strong need for more robust, rapid, and efficient biological sample preparation techniques in molecular diagnostics. METHODS Here, the authors applied antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for urine sample preparation prior to isothermal loop-mediated amplification (LAMP). AMPs bind to many microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses causing disruption of their membrane integrity and facilitate nucleic acid release. RESULTS The authors show that incubation of E. coli with antimicrobial peptide cecropin P1 for 5 min had a significant effect on the availability of template DNA compared with untreated or even heat treated samples resulting in up to six times increase of the amplification efficiency. CONCLUSION These results show that AMPs treatment is a very efficient sample preparation technique that is suitable for application prior to nucleic acid amplification directly within biological samples. Furthermore, the entire process of AMPs treatment was performed at room temperature for 5 min thereby making it a good candidate for use in POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Krõlov
- a Molecular Biotechnology group , Institute of Technology, University of Tartu , Estonia
| | - Julia Uusna
- a Molecular Biotechnology group , Institute of Technology, University of Tartu , Estonia.,b SelfDiagnostics Deutschland GmbH , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Tiia Grellier
- a Molecular Biotechnology group , Institute of Technology, University of Tartu , Estonia
| | - Liis Andresen
- a Molecular Biotechnology group , Institute of Technology, University of Tartu , Estonia
| | | | - Indrek Tulp
- b SelfDiagnostics Deutschland GmbH , Leipzig , Germany.,c Institute of Chemistry , University of Tartu , Estonia
| | - Ülo Langel
- a Molecular Biotechnology group , Institute of Technology, University of Tartu , Estonia.,d Department of Neurochemistry , University of Stockholm , Stockholm , Sweden
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18
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Heparanase Upregulation Contributes to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Release. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00625-17. [PMID: 28490587 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00625-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to cause substantial economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Heparan sulfate (HS) is used by PRRSV for initial attachment to target cells. However, the role of HS in the late phase of PRRSV infection and the mechanism of virus release from host cells remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that PRRSV infection caused a decrease in HS expression and upregulated heparanase, the only known enzyme capable of degrading HS. We subsequently demonstrated that the NF-κB signaling pathway and cathepsin L protease were involved in regulation of PRRSV infection-induced heparanase. In addition, we found that ablation of heparanase expression using small interfering RNA duplexes increased cell surface expression of HS and suppressed PRRSV replication and release, whereas overexpression of heparanase reduced HS surface expression and enhanced PRRSV replication and release. These data suggest that PRRSV activates NF-κB and cathepsin L to upregulate and process heparanase, and then the active heparanase cleaves HS, resulting in viral release. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of PRRSV egress from host cells, which might help us to further understand PRRSV pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes great economic losses each year to the pig industry worldwide. The molecular mechanism of PRRSV release from host cells largely remains a mystery. In this study, we demonstrate that PRRSV activates NF-κB and cathepsin L to upregulate and process heparanase, and then the active heparanase is released to the extracellular space and exerts enzymatic activity to cleave heparan sulfate, resulting in viral release. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of PRRSV egress from host cells, which might help us to further understand PRRSV pathogenesis.
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19
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Lebedeva AA, Zakharchenko NS, Trubnikova EV, Medvedeva OA, Kuznetsova TV, Masgutova GA, Zylkova MV, Buryanov YI, Belous AS. Bactericide, Immunomodulating, and Wound Healing Properties of Transgenic Kalanchoe pinnata Synergize with Antimicrobial Peptide Cecropin P1 In Vivo. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:4645701. [PMID: 28326334 PMCID: PMC5343256 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4645701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Procedure of manufacturing K. pinnata water extracts containing cecropin P1 (CecP1) from the formerly described transgenic plants is established. It included incubation of leaves at +4°C for 7 days, mechanical homogenization of leaves using water as extraction solvent, and heating at +70°C for inactivating plant enzymes. Yield of CecP1 (after heating and sterilizing filtration) was 0.3% of total protein in the extract. The water extract of K. pinnata + CecP1 exhibits favorable effect on healing of wounds infected with S. aureus (equal to Cefazolin) and with a combination of S. aureus with P. aeruginosa (better than Cefazolin). Wild-type K. pinnata extract exhibited evident microbicide activity against S. aureus with P. aeruginosa but it was substantially strengthened in K. pinnata + CecP1 extract. K. pinnata extracts (both wild-type and transgenic) did not exhibit general toxicity and accelerated wound recovery. Due to immunomodulating activity, wild-type K. pinnata extract accelerated granulation of the wound bed and marginal epithelialization even better than K. pinnata + CecP1 extract. Immunomodulating and microbicide activity of K. pinnata synergizes with microbicide activity of CecP1 accelerating elimination of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Lebedeva
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - N. S. Zakharchenko
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - E. V. Trubnikova
- Kursk State University, Kursk, Russia
- Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | | | | | | | - M. V. Zylkova
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y. I. Buryanov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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20
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Guo C, Zhu Z, Wang X, Chen Y, Liu X. Pyrithione inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication through interfering with NF-κB and heparanase. Vet Microbiol 2017; 201:231-239. [PMID: 28284615 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a continuous threat to the pig industry, causing high economic losses worldwide. Current vaccination strategies provide only limited protection against PRRSV infection. Consequently, there is a need to develop new antiviral strategies. Pyrithione (PT), a zinc ionophore, is used as an antibacterial and antifungal agent, and evidence has shown that PT inhibits the replication of various RNA viruses. However, there is no data regarding its effects against PRRSV infection until now. In this study, we showed that PT strongly inhibited PRRSV replication in Marc-145 cells. Similar inhibitory effects were also found in porcine alveolar macrophages, the major target cell type of PRRSV infection in pigs in vivo. PT also attenuated virus-induced apoptosis during the late phase of infection. In addition, we provided evidence that PT caused a rapid import of extracellular zinc ions into cells, and imported Zn2+ was responsible for its antiviral property. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of PT against PRRSV and found that PT inhibited NF-κB and heparanase, producing the increased heparan sulfate expression to block the release of virus and cytokines, thus decreasing viral replication. These findings suggest that PT has the potential to the development of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, North Third Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhenbang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, North Third Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, North Third Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, North Third Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, North Third Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
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Epand RM. Antiviral Host Defence Peptides. HOST DEFENSE PEPTIDES AND THEIR POTENTIAL AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7123656 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32949-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing global mortality and morbidity associated with viral pathogens highlights the need for the continued development of effective, novel antiviral molecules. The antiviral activity of cationic host defence peptides is of significant interest as novel therapeutics for treating viral infection and predominantly due to their broad spectrum antiviral activity. These peptides also display powerful immunomodulatory activity and are key mediators of inflammation. Therefore, they offer a significant opportunity to inform the development of novel therapeutics for treating viral infections by either directly targeting the pathogen or by enhancing the innate immune response. In this chapter, we review the antiviral activity of cathelicidins and defensins, and examine the potential for these peptides to be used as novel antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Epand
- Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
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22
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Liu X, Guo C, Huang Y, Zhang X, Chen Y. Inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by Cecropin D in vitro. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:7-16. [PMID: 26102162 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to cause substantial economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Although vaccines are commercially available for the control of PRRSV infection, no vaccination regimen has been proved sustained success in terms of generating a protective immune response. Therefore, the development of novel antivirals is urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides display broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi, and viruses and play an important role in host innate immune response. Here, we tested whether Cecropin D (CD) could inhibit PRRSV infection and replication in vitro. The inhibitory effect of CD occurred during viral attachment and the early period of viral entry into Marc-145 cells. CD also attenuated virus-induced apoptosis during the late phase of PRRSV infection and suppressed virus release in Marc-145 cells, which might contribute to the inhibition of PRRSV infection. Similar inhibitory effects on PRRSV infection were also found with CD treatment in porcine alveolar macrophages, the major target cell type of PRRSV infection in pigs in vivo. These findings suggest that CD has the potential to develop a new therapeutic agent against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Chunhe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Yumao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
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