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Ribeiro LF, Rossi GAM, Sato RA, de Souza Pollo A, Cardozo MV, do Amaral LA, Fairbrother JM. Epidemiology, Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Small Brazilian Farms Producers of Raw Milk Fresh Cheese. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1739. [PMID: 39203581 PMCID: PMC11357254 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify contamination sources in raw milk and cheese on small farms in Brazil by isolating Escherichia coli at various stages of milk production and cheese manufacturing. The study targeted EAEC, EIEC, ETEC, EPEC, STEC, and ExPEC pathotypes, characterizing isolates for the presence of virulence genes, phylogroups, antimicrobial susceptibility, and phylogenetic relationships using PFGE and MLST. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and serogroups was also determined. Three categories of E. coli were identified: pathogenic, commensal, and ceftriaxone-resistant (ESBL) strains. Pathogenic EPEC, STEC, and ExPEC isolates were detected in milk and cheese samples. Most isolates belonged to phylogroups A and B1 and were resistant to antimicrobials such as nalidixic acid, ampicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. Genetic analysis revealed that E. coli with identical virulence genes were present at different stages within the same farm. The most frequently identified serogroup was O18, and MLST identified ST131 associated with pathogenic isolates. The study concluded that E. coli was present at multiple points in milk collection and cheese production, with significant phylogroups and high antimicrobial resistance. These findings highlight the public health risk posed by contamination in raw milk and fresh cheese, emphasizing the need to adopt hygienic practices to control these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laryssa Freitas Ribeiro
- Mário Palmério University Center (UniFucamp), Av. Brasil Oeste, 1900, Jardim Zenith, Monte Carmelo 38500-000, MG, Brazil;
| | | | - Rafael Akira Sato
- State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N—Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (R.A.S.); (A.d.S.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Andressa de Souza Pollo
- State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N—Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (R.A.S.); (A.d.S.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Marita Vedovelli Cardozo
- State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N—Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (R.A.S.); (A.d.S.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Luiz Augusto do Amaral
- State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N—Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (R.A.S.); (A.d.S.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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2
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Ceres K, Zehr JD, Murrell C, Millet JK, Sun Q, McQueary HC, Horton A, Cazer C, Sams K, Reboul G, Andreopoulos WB, Mitchell PK, Anderson R, Franklin-Guild R, Cronk BD, Stanhope BJ, Burbick CR, Wolking R, Peak L, Zhang Y, McDowall R, Krishnamurthy A, Slavic D, Sekhon PK, Tyson GH, Ceric O, Stanhope MJ, Goodman LB. Evolutionary genomic analyses of canine E. coli infections identify a relic capsular locus associated with resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0035424. [PMID: 39012166 PMCID: PMC11337803 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00354-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli are the leading cause of death attributed to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide, and the known AMR mechanisms involve a range of functional proteins. Here, we employed a pan-genome wide association study (GWAS) approach on over 1,000 E. coli isolates from sick dogs collected across the US and Canada and identified a strong statistical association (empirical P < 0.01) of AMR, involving a range of antibiotics to a group 1 capsular (CPS) gene cluster. This cluster included genes under relaxed selection pressure, had several loci missing, and had pseudogenes for other key loci. Furthermore, this cluster is widespread in E. coli and Klebsiella clinical isolates across multiple host species. Earlier studies demonstrated that the octameric CPS polysaccharide export protein Wza can transmit macrolide antibiotics into the E. coli periplasm. We suggest that the CPS in question, and its highly divergent Wza, functions as an antibiotic trap, preventing antimicrobial penetration. We also highlight the high diversity of lineages circulating in dogs across all regions studied, the overlap with human lineages, and regional prevalence of resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes. IMPORTANCE Much of the human genomic epidemiology data available for E. coli mechanism discovery studies has been heavily biased toward shiga-toxin producing strains from humans and livestock. E. coli occupies many niches and produces a wide variety of other significant pathotypes, including some implicated in chronic disease. We hypothesized that since dogs tend to share similar strains with their owners and are treated with similar antibiotics, their pathogenic isolates will harbor unexplored AMR mechanisms of importance to humans as well as animals. By comparing over 1,000 genomes with in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility data from sick dogs across the US and Canada, we identified a strong multidrug resistance association with an operon that appears to have once conferred a type 1 capsule production system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jean K. Millet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, Paris, France
| | - Qi Sun
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kelly Sams
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claire R. Burbick
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Rebecca Wolking
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Laura Peak
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Ohio Department of Agriculture Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Reynoldsburg, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebeccah McDowall
- University of Guelph, Animal Health Laboratory, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Durda Slavic
- University of Guelph, Animal Health Laboratory, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gregory H. Tyson
- US Food and Drug Administration, Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Olgica Ceric
- US Food and Drug Administration, Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network, Laurel, Maryland, USA
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3
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Nhu NTK, Phan MD, Hancock SJ, Peters KM, Alvarez-Fraga L, Forde BM, Andersen SB, Miliya T, Harris PNA, Beatson SA, Schlebusch S, Bergh H, Turner P, Brauner A, Westerlund-Wikström B, Irwin AD, Schembri MA. High-risk Escherichia coli clones that cause neonatal meningitis and association with recrudescent infection. eLife 2024; 12:RP91853. [PMID: 38622998 PMCID: PMC11021048 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal meningitis is a devastating disease associated with high mortality and neurological sequelae. Escherichia coli is the second most common cause of neonatal meningitis in full-term infants (herein NMEC) and the most common cause of meningitis in preterm neonates. Here, we investigated the genomic relatedness of a collection of 58 NMEC isolates spanning 1974-2020 and isolated from seven different geographic regions. We show NMEC are comprised of diverse sequence types (STs), with ST95 (34.5%) and ST1193 (15.5%) the most common. No single virulence gene profile was conserved in all isolates; however, genes encoding fimbrial adhesins, iron acquisition systems, the K1 capsule, and O antigen types O18, O75, and O2 were most prevalent. Antibiotic resistance genes occurred infrequently in our collection. We also monitored the infection dynamics in three patients that suffered recrudescent invasive infection caused by the original infecting isolate despite appropriate antibiotic treatment based on antibiogram profile and resistance genotype. These patients exhibited severe gut dysbiosis. In one patient, the causative NMEC isolate was also detected in the fecal flora at the time of the second infection episode and after treatment. Thus, although antibiotics are the standard of care for NMEC treatment, our data suggest that failure to eliminate the causative NMEC that resides intestinally can lead to the existence of a refractory reservoir that may seed recrudescent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Khanh Nhu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Minh-Duy Phan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Steven J Hancock
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Kate M Peters
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Laura Alvarez-Fraga
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Brian M Forde
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Stacey B Andersen
- Genome Innovation Hub, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Thyl Miliya
- Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for ChildrenSiem ReapCambodia
| | - Patrick NA Harris
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Pathology Queensland, Queensland HealthBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Scott A Beatson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Sanmarie Schlebusch
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Pathology Queensland, Queensland HealthBrisbaneAustralia
- Q-PHIRE Genomics and Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers PlainsBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Haakon Bergh
- Pathology Queensland, Queensland HealthBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Paul Turner
- Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for ChildrenSiem ReapCambodia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | | | - Adam D Irwin
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Infection Management Prevention Service, Queensland Children's HospitalBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Mark A Schembri
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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4
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Sereme Y, Schrimp C, Faury H, Agapoff M, Lefebvre-Wloszczowski E, Chang Marchand Y, Ageron-Ardila E, Panafieu E, Blec F, Coureuil M, Frapy E, Tsatsaris V, Bonacorsi S, Skurnik D. A live attenuated vaccine to prevent severe neonatal Escherichia coli K1 infections. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3021. [PMID: 38589401 PMCID: PMC11001983 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is currently the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Genetic, immunological and infectious causes are suspected. Preterm infants have a higher risk of severe bacterial neonatal infections, most of which are caused by Escherichia coli an in particular E. coli K1strains. Women with history of preterm delivery have a high risk of recurrence and therefore constitute a target population for the development of vaccine against E. coli neonatal infections. Here, we characterize the immunological, microbiological and protective properties of a live attenuated vaccine candidate in adult female mice and their pups against after a challenge by K1 and non-K1 strains of E. coli. Our results show that the E. coli K1 E11 ∆aroA vaccine induces strong immunity, driven by polyclonal bactericidal antibodies. In our model of meningitis, mothers immunized prior to mating transfer maternal antibodies to pups, which protect newborn mice against various K1 and non-K1 strains of E. coli. Given the very high mortality rate and the neurological sequalae associated with neonatal E. coli K1 meningitis, our results constitute preclinical proof of concept for the development of a live attenuated vaccine against severe E. coli infections in women at risk of preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssouf Sereme
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Schrimp
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Helène Faury
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Department of Microbiology, Necker Hospital, University de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maeva Agapoff
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Emilie Panafieu
- LEAT antenne Imagine- SFR Necker INSERM US 24, Paris, France
| | - Frank Blec
- LEAT antenne Imagine- SFR Necker INSERM US 24, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Eric Frapy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Maternité Port-Royal, hôpital Cochin, GHU Centre Paris cité, AP-HP, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, Maternité Port-Royal, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Bonacorsi
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - David Skurnik
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
- Department of Microbiology, Necker Hospital, University de Paris, Paris, France.
- FHU PREMA, Maternité Port-Royal, Paris, France.
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5
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Yin F, Hu Y, Bu Z, Liu Y, Zhang H, Hu Y, Xue Y, Li S, Tan C, Chen X, Li L, Zhou R, Huang Q. Genome-wide identification of genes critical for in vivo fitness of multi-drug resistant porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli by transposon-directed insertion site sequencing using a mouse infection model. Virulence 2023; 14:2158708. [PMID: 36537189 PMCID: PMC9828833 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2158708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important zoonotic pathogen. Recently, ExPEC has been reported to be an emerging problem in pig farming. However, the mechanism of pathogenicity of porcine ExPEC remains to be revealed. In this study, we constructed a transposon (Tn) mutagenesis library covering Tn insertion in over 72% of the chromosome-encoded genes of a virulent and multi-drug resistant porcine ExPEC strain PCN033. By using a mouse infection model, a transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS) assay was performed to identify in vivo fitness factors. By comparing the Tn insertion frequencies between the input Tn library and the recovered library from different organs, 64 genes were identified to be involved in fitness during systemic infection. 15 genes were selected and individual gene deletion mutants were constructed. The in vivo fitness was evaluated by using a competitive infection assay. Among them, ΔfimG was significantly outcompeted by the WT strain in vivo and showed defective adhesion to host cells. rfa which was involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was shown to be critical for in vivo fitness which may have resulted from its role in the resistance to serum killing. In addition, several metabolic genes including fepB, sdhC, fepG, gltS, dcuA, ccmH, ddpD, narU, glpD, malM, and yabL and two regulatory genes metJ and baeS were shown as important determinants of in vivo fitness of porcine ExPEC. Collectively, this study performed a genome-wide screening for in vivo fitness factors which will be important for understanding the pathogenicity of porcine ExPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Hu
- College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yawen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China,The HZAU-HVSEN Institute, Wuhan, China,CONTACT Rui Zhou
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China,Qi Huang
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6
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Hogins J, Xuan Z, Zimmern PE, Reitzer L. The distinct transcriptome of virulence-associated phylogenetic group B2 Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0208523. [PMID: 37724859 PMCID: PMC10580932 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02085-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli strains of phylogenetic group B2 are often associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and several other diseases. Recent genomic and transcriptomic analyses have not suggested or identified specific genes required for virulence, but have instead suggested multiple virulence strategies and complex host-pathogen interactions. Previous analyses have not compared core gene expression between phylogenetic groups or between pathogens and nonpathogens within phylogenetic groups. We compared the core gene expression of 35 strains from three phylogenetic groups that included both pathogens and nonpathogens after growth in a medium that allowed comparable growth of both types of strains. K-means clustering suggested a B2 cluster with 17 group B2 strains and two group A strains; an AD cluster with six group A strains, five group D strains and one B2 strain; and four outliers which included the highly studied model uropathogenic E. coli strains UTI89 and CFT073. Half of the core genes were differentially expressed between B2 and AD cluster strains, including transcripts of genes for all aspects of macromolecular synthesis-replication, transcription, translation, and peptidoglycan synthesis-energy metabolism, and environmental-sensing transcriptional regulators. Notably, core gene expression between nonpathogenic and uropathogenic transcriptomes within phylogenetic groups did not differ. If differences between pathogens and nonpathogens exist, then the differences do not require transcriptional reprogramming. In summary, B2 cluster strains have a distinct transcription pattern that involves hundreds of genes. We propose that this transcription pattern is one factor that contributes to virulence. IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli is a diverse species and an opportunistic pathogen that is associated with various diseases, such as urinary tract infections. When examined, phylogenetic group B2 strains are more often associated with these diseases, but the specific properties that contribute to their virulence are not known. From a comparative transcriptomic analysis, we found that group B2 strains grown in a nutrient-rich medium had a distinct transcription pattern, which is the first evidence that core gene expression differs between phylogenetic groups. Understanding the consequences of group B2 transcription pattern will provide important information on basic E. coli biology, the basis for E. coli virulence, and possibly for developing therapies for a majority of urinary tract infections and other group B2-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hogins
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Philippe E. Zimmern
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Larry Reitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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7
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Ullah N, Assawakongkarat T, Akeda Y, Chaichanawongsaroj N. Detection of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates by isothermal amplification and association of their virulence genes and phylogroups with extraintestinal infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12022. [PMID: 37491387 PMCID: PMC10368679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) cause serious human infections due to their virulence and multidrug resistance (MDR) profiles. We characterized 144 ExPEC strains (collected from a tertiary cancer institute) in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility spectrum, ESBL variants, virulence factors (VF) patterns, and Clermont's phylogroup classification. The developed multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification and thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification (tHDA) assays for blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaSHV, and blaTEM detection, respectively, were validated using PCR-sequencing results. All ESBL-ExPEC isolates carried blaCTX-M genes with following prevalence frequency of variants: blaCTX-M-15 (50.5%) > blaCTX-M-55 (17.9%) > blaCTX-M-27 (16.8%) > blaCTX-M-14 (14.7%). The multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification assay had 100% sensitivity, and specificity for blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaSHV, while tHDA had 86.89% sensitivity, and 100% specificity for blaTEM. The VF genes showed the following prevalence frequency: traT (67.4%) > ompT (52.6%) > iutA (50.5%) > fimH (47.4%) > iha (33.7%) > hlyA (26.3%) > papC (12.6%) > cvaC (3.2%), in ESBL-ExPEC isolates which belonged to phylogroups A (28.4%), B2 (28.4%), and F (22.1%). The distribution of traT, ompT, and hlyA and phylogroup B2 were significantly different (P < 0.05) between ESBL-ExPEC and non-ESBL-ExPEC isolates. Thus, these equipment-free isothermal resistance gene amplification assays contribute to effective treatment and control of virulent ExPEC, especially antimicrobial resistance strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ullah
- Research Unit of Innovative Diagnosis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thadchaporn Assawakongkarat
- Program of Molecular Sciences in Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nuntaree Chaichanawongsaroj
- Research Unit of Innovative Diagnosis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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8
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Antoine C, Laforêt F, Goya-Jorge E, Gonza I, Lebrun S, Douny C, Duprez JN, Fall A, Taminiau B, Scippo ML, Daube G, Thiry D, Delcenserie V. Phage Targeting Neonatal Meningitis E. coli K1 In Vitro in the Intestinal Microbiota of Pregnant Donors and Impact on Bacterial Populations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10580. [PMID: 37445758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli K1 is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis. The asymptomatic carriage of these strains in the maternal intestinal microbiota constitutes a risk of vertical transmission to the infant at birth. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of phage therapy against E. coli K1 in an intestinal environment and its impact on the intestinal microbiota. For this purpose, three independent experiments were conducted on the SHIME® system, the first one with only the phage vB_EcoP_K1_ULINTec4, the second experiment with only E. coli K1 and the last experiment with both E. coli K1 and the phage. Microbiota monitoring was performed using metagenetics, qPCR, SCFA analysis and the induction of AhR. The results showed that phage vB_EcoP_K1_ULINTec4, inoculated alone, was progressively cleared by the system and replicates in the presence of its host. E. coli K1 persisted in the microbiota but decreased in the presence of the phage. The impact on the microbiota was revealed to be donor dependent, and the bacterial populations were not dramatically affected by vB_K1_ULINTec4, either alone or with its host. In conclusion, these experiments showed that the phage was able to infect the E. coli K1 in the system but did not completely eliminate the bacterial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Antoine
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Food Science Department, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fanny Laforêt
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Food Science Department, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth Goya-Jorge
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Food Science Department, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Irma Gonza
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Food Science Department, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebrun
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Food Science Department, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Douny
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Duprez
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Abdoulaye Fall
- FoodChain ID Genomics, En Hayeneux 62, 4040 Herstal, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien Thiry
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Véronique Delcenserie
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Food Science Department, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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9
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Yun CS, Moon BY, Hwang MH, Lee SK, Ku BK, Lee K. Characterization of the pathogenicity of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from pneumonia-infected lung samples of dogs and cats in South Korea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5575. [PMID: 37019949 PMCID: PMC10076304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the pathogenicity of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolated from dog and cat lung samples in South Korea. A total of 101 E. coli isolates were analyzed for virulence factors, phylogroups, and O-serogroups, and their correlation with bacterial pneumonia-induced mortality was elucidated. P fimbriae structural subunit (papA), hemolysin D (hlyD), and cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1) were highly prevalent in both species, indicating correlation with bacterial pneumonia. Phylogroups B1 and B2 were the most prevalent phylogroups (36.6% and 32.7%, respectively) and associated with high bacterial pneumonia-induced mortality rates. Isolates from both species belonging to phylogroup B2 showed high frequency of papA, hlyD, and cnf1. O-serogrouping revealed 21 and 15 serogroups in dogs and cats, respectively. In dogs, O88 was the most prevalent serogroup (n = 8), and the frequency of virulence factors was high for O4 and O6. In cats, O4 was the most prevalent serogroup (n = 6), and the frequency of virulence factors was high for O4 and O6. O4 and O6 serogroups were mainly grouped under phylogroup B2 and associated with high bacterial pneumonia-induced mortality. This study characterized the pathogenicity of ExPEC and described the probability of ExPEC pneumonia-induced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Sun Yun
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Bo-Youn Moon
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Hwang
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Soo-Kyoung Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Bok-Kyung Ku
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Kichan Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea.
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10
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Genomic diversity of non-diarrheagenic fecal Escherichia coli from children in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia and their relatedness to diarrheagenic E. coli. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1400. [PMID: 36918537 PMCID: PMC10011798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a frequent member of the healthy human gastrointestinal microbiota, as well as an important human pathogen. Previous studies have focused on the genomic diversity of the pathogenic E. coli and much remains unknown about the non-diarrheagenic E. coli residing in the human gut, particularly among young children in low and middle income countries. Also, gaining additional insight into non-diarrheagenic E. coli is important for understanding gut health as non-diarrheagenic E. coli can prevent infection by diarrheagenic bacteria. In this study we examine the genomic diversity of non-diarrheagenic fecal E. coli from male and female children with or without diarrhea from countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia as part of the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS). We find that these E. coli exhibit considerable genetic diversity as they were identified in all E. coli phylogroups and an Escherichia cryptic clade. Although these fecal E. coli lack the characteristic virulence factors of diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes, many exhibit remarkable genomic similarity to previously described diarrheagenic isolates with differences attributed to mobile elements. This raises an important question of whether these non-diarrheagenic fecal E. coli may have at one time possessed the mobile element-encoded virulence factors of diarrheagenic pathotypes or may have the potential to acquire these virulence factors.
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11
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Munhoz DD, Richards AC, Santos FF, Mulvey MA, Piazza RMF. E. coli Common pili promote the fitness and virulence of a hybrid aEPEC/ExPEC strain within diverse host environments. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2190308. [PMID: 36949030 PMCID: PMC10038029 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2190308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic subsets of Escherichia coli include diarrheagenic (DEC) strains that cause disease within the gut and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains that are linked with urinary tract infections, bacteremia, and other infections outside of intestinal tract. Among DEC strains is an emergent pathotype known as atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC), which can cause severe diarrhea. Recent sequencing efforts revealed that some E. coli strains possess genetic features that are characteristic of both DEC and ExPEC isolates. BA1250 is a newly reclassified hybrid strain with characteristics of aEPEC and ExPEC. This strain was isolated from a child with diarrhea, but its genetic features indicate that it might have the capacity to cause disease at extraintestinal sites. The spectrum of adhesins encoded by hybrid strains like BA1250 are expected to be especially important in facilitating colonization of diverse niches. E. coli common pilus (ECP) is an adhesin expressed by many E. coli pathogens, but how it impacts hybrid strains has not been ascertained. Here, using zebrafish larvae as surrogate hosts to model both gut colonization and extraintestinal infections, we found that ECP can act as a multi-niche colonization and virulence factor for BA1250. Furthermore, our results indicate that ECP-related changes in activation of envelope stress response pathways may alter the fitness of BA1250. Using an in silico approach, we also delineated the broader repertoire of adhesins that are encoded by BA1250, and provide evidence that the expression of at least a few of these varies in the absence of functional ECP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda C. Richards
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, USA
| | - Fernanda F. Santos
- Laboratório Alerta, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Matthew A. Mulvey
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, USA
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12
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Clonal Lineages and Virulence Factors of Carbapenem Resistant E. coli in Alameda County, California, 2017-2019. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121794. [PMID: 36551451 PMCID: PMC9774732 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) has been increasing since the year 2000 and is considered a serious public health threat according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Limited studies have genotyped Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli using whole genome sequencing to characterize the most common lineages and resistance and virulence genes. The aim of this study was to characterize sequence data from carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates (n = 82) collected longitudinally by the Alameda County Public Health Laboratory (ACPHL) between 2017 and 2019. E. coli genomes were screened for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli virulence factor genes (VFGs). The carbapenem-resistant E. coli lineages were diverse, with 24 distinct sequence types (STs) represented, including clinically important STs: ST131, ST69, ST95, and ST73. All Ambler classes of Carbapenemases were present, with NDM-5 being most the frequently detected. Nearly all isolates (90%) contained genes encoding resistance to third-generation cephalosporins; blaCTX-M genes were most common. The number of virulence genes present within pandemic STs was significantly higher than the number in non-pandemic lineages (p = 0.035). Virulence genes fimA (92%), trat (71%), kpsM (54%), and iutA (46%) were the most prevalent within the isolates. Considering the public health risk associated with CRE, these data enhance our understanding of the diversity of clinically important E. coli that are circulating in Alameda County, California.
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Colicins of Escherichia coli Lead to Resistance against the Diarrhea-Causing Pathogen Enterotoxigenic E. coli in Pigs. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0139622. [PMID: 36190425 PMCID: PMC9603048 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01396-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes can affect host adaptation to various environment conditions. Escherichia coli is a common gut species, including pathogenic strains and nonpathogenic strains. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different E. coli strains in the gut on the health of pigs. In this study, the complete genomes of two E. coli strains isolated from pigs were sequenced. The whole genomes of Y18J and the enterotoxigenic E. coli strain W25K were compared to determine their roles in pig adaptation to disease. Y18J was isolated from feces of healthy piglets and showed strong antimicrobial activity against W25K in vitro. Gene knockout experiments and complementation analysis followed by modeling the microbe-microbe interactions demonstrated that the antagonistic mechanism of Y18J against W25K relied on the bacteriocins colicin B and colicin M. Compared to W25K, Y18J is devoid of exotoxin-coding genes and has more secondary-metabolite-biosynthetic gene clusters. W25K carries more genes involved in genome replication, in accordance with a shorter cell cycle observed during a growth experiment. The analysis of gut metagenomes in different pig breeds showed that colicins B and M were enriched in Laiwu pigs, a Chinese local breed, but were scarce in boars and Duroc pigs. IMPORTANCE This study revealed the heterogeneity of E. coli strains from pigs, including two strains studied by both in silico and wet experiments in detail and 14 strains studied by bioinformatics analysis. E. coli Y18J may improve the adaptability of pigs toward disease resistance through the production of colicins B and M. Our findings could shed light on the pathogenic and harmless roles of E. coli in modern animal husbandry, leading to a better understanding of intestinal-microbe-pathogen interactions in the course of evolution.
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14
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Liao C, Santoscoy MC, Craft J, Anderson C, Soupir ML, Jarboe LR. Allelic variation of Escherichia coli outer membrane protein A: Impact on cell surface properties, stress tolerance and allele distribution. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276046. [PMID: 36227900 PMCID: PMC9560509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is one of the most abundant outer membrane proteins of Gram-negative bacteria and is known to have patterns of sequence variations at certain amino acids-allelic variation-in Escherichia coli. Here we subjected seven exemplar OmpA alleles expressed in a K-12 (MG1655) ΔompA background to further characterization. These alleles were observed to significantly impact cell surface charge (zeta potential), cell surface hydrophobicity, biofilm formation, sensitivity to killing by neutrophil elastase, and specific growth rate at 42°C and in the presence of acetate, demonstrating that OmpA is an attractive target for engineering cell surface properties and industrial phenotypes. It was also observed that cell surface charge and biofilm formation both significantly correlate with cell surface hydrophobicity, a cell property that is increasingly intriguing for bioproduction. While there was poor alignment between the observed experimental values relative to the known sequence variation, differences in hydrophobicity and biofilm formation did correspond to the identity of residue 203 (N vs T), located within the proposed dimerization domain. The relative abundance of the (I, δ) allele was increased in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) isolates relative to environmental isolates, with a corresponding decrease in (I, α) alleles in ExPEC relative to environmental isolates. The (I, α) and (I, δ) alleles differ at positions 203 and 251. Variations in distribution were also observed among ExPEC types and phylotypes. Thus, OmpA allelic variation and its influence on OmpA function warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liao
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Miguel C. Santoscoy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa United States of America
| | - Julia Craft
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biological Materials and Processes (BioMAP) NSF REU Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Chiron Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biological Materials and Processes (BioMAP) NSF REU Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Soupir
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Laura R. Jarboe
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Gelalcha BD, Brown SM, Crocker HE, Agga GE, Kerro Dego O. Regulation Mechanisms of Virulence Genes in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:598-612. [PMID: 35921067 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is one of the most common E. coli pathotypes reported to cause several outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. EHEC is a zoonotic pathogen, and ruminants, especially cattle, are considered important reservoirs for the most common EHEC serotype, E. coli O157:H7. Humans are infected indirectly through the consumption of food (milk, meat, leafy vegetables, and fruits) and water contaminated by animal feces or direct contact with carrier animals or humans. E. coli O157:H7 is one of the most frequently reported causes of foodborne illnesses in developed countries. It employs two essential virulence mechanisms to trigger damage to the host. These are the development of attaching and effacing (AE) phenotypes on the intestinal mucosa of the host and the production of Shiga toxin (Stx) that causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The AE phenotype is controlled by the pathogenicity island, the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). The induction of both AE and Stx is under strict and highly complex regulatory mechanisms. Thus, a good understanding of these mechanisms, major proteins expressed, and environmental cues involved in the regulation of the expression of the virulence genes is vital to finding a method to control the colonization of reservoir hosts, especially cattle, and disease development in humans. This review is a concise account of the current state of knowledge of virulence gene regulation in the LEE-positive EHEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti D Gelalcha
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Selina M Brown
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hannah E Crocker
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Getahun E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Nunes PHS, Valiatti TB, Santos ACDM, Nascimento JADS, Santos-Neto JF, Rocchetti TT, Yu MCZ, Hofling-Lima AL, Gomes TAT. Evaluation of the Pathogenic Potential of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Eye Infections. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061084. [PMID: 35744602 PMCID: PMC9229993 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While primarily Gram-positive bacteria cause bacterial eye infections, several Gram-negative species also pose eye health risks. Currently, few studies have tried to understand the pathogenic mechanisms involved in E. coli eye infections. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the pathogenic potential of E. coli strains isolated from eye infections. Twenty-two strains isolated between 2005 and 2019 from patients with keratitis or conjunctivitis were included and submitted to traditional polymerase chain reactions (PCR) to define their virulence profile, phylogeny, clonal relationship, and sequence type (ST). Phenotypic assays were employed to determine hemolytic activity, antimicrobial susceptibility, and adhesion to human primary corneal epithelial cells (PCS-700-010). The phylogenetic results indicated that groups B2 and ST131 were the most frequent. Twenty-five virulence genes were found among our strains, with ecp, sitA, fimA, and fyuA being the most prevalent. Two strains presented a hemolytic phenotype, and resistance to ciprofloxacin and ertapenem was found in six strains and one strain, respectively. Regarding adherence, all but one strains adhered in vitro to corneal cells. Our results indicate significant genetic and virulence variation among ocular strains and point to an ocular pathogenic potential related to multiple virulence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Soares Nunes
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (P.H.S.N.); (T.B.V.); (A.C.d.M.S.); (J.A.d.S.N.); (J.F.S.-N.)
- Laboratório de Oftalmologia (LOFT), Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (T.T.R.); (M.C.Z.Y.); (A.L.H.-L.)
| | - Tiago Barcelos Valiatti
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (P.H.S.N.); (T.B.V.); (A.C.d.M.S.); (J.A.d.S.N.); (J.F.S.-N.)
- Laboratório Alerta, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Mello Santos
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (P.H.S.N.); (T.B.V.); (A.C.d.M.S.); (J.A.d.S.N.); (J.F.S.-N.)
| | - Júllia Assis da Silva Nascimento
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (P.H.S.N.); (T.B.V.); (A.C.d.M.S.); (J.A.d.S.N.); (J.F.S.-N.)
| | - José Francisco Santos-Neto
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (P.H.S.N.); (T.B.V.); (A.C.d.M.S.); (J.A.d.S.N.); (J.F.S.-N.)
| | - Talita Trevizani Rocchetti
- Laboratório de Oftalmologia (LOFT), Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (T.T.R.); (M.C.Z.Y.); (A.L.H.-L.)
| | - Maria Cecilia Zorat Yu
- Laboratório de Oftalmologia (LOFT), Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (T.T.R.); (M.C.Z.Y.); (A.L.H.-L.)
| | - Ana Luisa Hofling-Lima
- Laboratório de Oftalmologia (LOFT), Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (T.T.R.); (M.C.Z.Y.); (A.L.H.-L.)
| | - Tânia Aparecida Tardelli Gomes
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (P.H.S.N.); (T.B.V.); (A.C.d.M.S.); (J.A.d.S.N.); (J.F.S.-N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-5576-4848
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17
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YbdO Promotes the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli K1 by Regulating Capsule Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105543. [PMID: 35628353 PMCID: PMC9141747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli K1 is the most popular neonatal meningitis-causing Gram-negative bacterium. As a key virulence determinant, the K1 capsule enhances the survival of E. coli K1 in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) upon crossing the blood–brain barrier; however, the regulatory mechanisms of capsule synthesis during E. coli K1 invasion of HBMECs remain unclear. Here, we identified YbdO as a transcriptional regulator that promotes E. coli K1 invasion of HBMECs by directly activating K1 capsule gene expression to increase K1 capsule synthesis. We found that ybdO deletion significantly reduced HBMEC invasion by E. coli K1 and meningitis occurrence in mice. Additionally, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that YbdO directly activates kpsMT and neuDBACES expression, which encode products involved in K1 capsule transport and synthesis by directly binding to the kpsM promoter. Furthermore, ybdO transcription was directly repressed by histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), and we observed that acidic pH similar to that of early and late endosomes relieves this transcriptional repression. These findings demonstrated the regulatory mechanism of YbdO on K1 capsule synthesis, providing further insights into the evolution of E. coli K1 pathogenesis and host–pathogen interaction.
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18
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Chambers CA, Dadelahi AS, Moley CR, Olson RM, Logue CM, Skyberg JA. Nucleotide receptors mediate protection against neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by alpha-hemolysin expressing Escherichia coli K1. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22197. [PMID: 35147989 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101485r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal meningitis-associated Escherichia coli (NMEC) is among the leading causes of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in newborn infants. Several virulence factors have been identified as common among NMEC, and have been shown to play an important role in the development of bacteremia and/or meningitis. However, there is significant variability in virulence factor expression between NMEC isolates, and relatively little research has been done to assess the impact of variable virulence factor expression on immune cell activation and the outcome of infection. Here, we investigated the role of NMEC strain-dependent P2X receptor (P2XR) signaling on the outcome of infection in neonatal mice. We found that alpha-hemolysin (HlyA)-expressing NMEC (HlyA+ ) induced robust P2XR-dependent macrophage cell death in vitro, while HlyA- NMEC did not. P2XR-dependent cell death was inflammasome independent, suggesting an uncoupling of P2XR and inflammasome activation in the context of NMEC infection. In vivo inhibition of P2XRs was associated with increased mortality in neonatal mice infected with HlyA+ NMEC, but had no effect on the survival of neonatal mice infected with HlyA- NMEC. Furthermore, we found that P2XR-dependent protection against HlyA+ NMEC in vivo required macrophages, but not neutrophils or NLRP3. Taken together, these data suggest that HlyA+ NMEC activates P2XRs which in turn confers macrophage-dependent protection against infection in neonates. In addition, our findings indicate that strain-dependent virulence factor expression should be taken into account when studying the immune response to NMEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexis S Dadelahi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles R Moley
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel M Olson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Heath, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jerod A Skyberg
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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19
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Ma X, Wu M, Wang C, Li H, Fan A, Wang Y, Han C, Xue F. The pathogenesis of prevalent aerobic bacteria in aerobic vaginitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a narrative review. Reprod Health 2022; 19:21. [PMID: 35090514 PMCID: PMC8796570 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aerobic vaginitis is a common cause of vaginal discharge in reproductive-age women, increasing the risk of negative pregnancy outcomes such as premature delivery, abortion, premature rupture of membranes and stillbirth. However, the aetiology and pathogenesis of aerobic vaginitis causing negative pregnancy outcomes are still unclear, and there is no unified and standardized treatment method for aerobic vaginitis in the pregnancy period. Methods We conducted a literature search of published studies in the English language focusing on aerobic vaginitis and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes utilizing PubMed and Web of Science from January 1973 through June 2021. The common pathogenic bacteria of aerobic vaginitis during pregnancy, such as group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as the related adverse pregnancy outcomes and existing treatments were reviewed. Results A total of 4534 articles were identified, and 97 studies that had inclusion criteria were subjected to careful review. The pathogenic bacteria of aerobic vaginitis can produce different toxins or affect the local immunity of patients and then lead to the occurrence of infection. Fresh wet mount microscopy is the preferred diagnostic method for aerobic vaginitis. Clindamycin is a common antibiotic used for aerobic vaginitis in pregnant women. The use of products combining probiotics has achieved excellent treatment success. Conclusions Future research in this field can provide insights regarding the mechanism of aerobic vaginitis-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans and ways to prevent their occurrence. Aerobic vaginitis is an infection of the vagina that increases the risk of negative pregnancy outcomes. The aetiology and pathogenesis of aerobic vaginitis causing negative pregnancy outcomes are still unclear. This paper reviews the common pathogenic bacteria of aerobic vaginitis during pregnancy, and the related adverse pregnancy outcomes. We also review the existing treatment. Currently, it is believed that the microflora in aerobic vaginitis is composed of commensal aerobic microorganisms of intestinal origin, and the most frequently encountered bacteria are group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The pathogenic bacteria of aerobic vaginitis can produce different toxins or affect the local immunity of patients and then lead to the occurrence of infection. Fresh wet mount microscopy is the preferred diagnostic method for aerobic vaginitis. Clindamycin is a common antibiotic used for aerobic vaginitis in pregnant women. The use of products combining probiotics has achieved excellent treatment success. This study provides a reference for future research and early diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy. Future research in this field can provide insights regarding the mechanisms of aerobic vaginitis-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans and ways to prevent their occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiyang Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiping Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China
| | - Cha Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China.
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China.
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20
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Characterization of virulence determinants and phylogenetic background of multiple and extensively drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from different clinical sources in Egypt. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1279-1298. [PMID: 35050388 PMCID: PMC8816750 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Escherichia coli is a multifaceted microbe since some are commensals, normally inhabiting the gut of both humans and animals while others are pathogenic responsible for a wide range of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. It is one of the leading causes of septicemia, neonatal meningitis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), cystitis, pyelonephritis, and traveler’s diarrhea. The present study aims to survey the distribution and unravel the association of phylotypes, virulence determinants, and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from different clinical sources in Mansoura hospitals, Egypt. One hundred and fifty E. coli isolates were collected from different clinical sources. Antimicrobial resistance profile, virulence determinants, and virulence encoding genes were detected. Moreover, phylogenetic and molecular typing using ERIC-PCR analysis was performed. Our results have revealed that phylogroup B2 (26.67%) with the greatest content in virulence traits was the most prevalent phylogenetic group. Different virulence profiles and varying incidence of virulence determinants were detected among tested isolates. High rates of resistance to different categories of antimicrobial agents, dramatic increase of MDR (92.67%), and emergence of XDR (4%) were detected. ERIC-PCR analysis revealed great diversity among tested isolates. There was no clustering of isolates according to resistance, virulence patterns, or phylotypes. Our research has demonstrated significant phylogenetic diversity of E. coli isolated from different clinical sources in Mansoura hospitals, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. E. coli isolates are equipped with various virulence factors which contribute to their pathogenesis in human. The elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of MDR and XDR mirror the trend detected globally in recent years. Key points • Clinical E. coli isolates exhibited substantial molecular and phylogenetic diversity. • Elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of XDR in pathogenic E. coli. • B2 Phylogroup with the highest VS was the most prevalent among pathogenic E. coli. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11740-x.
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21
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Liu CW, Wang P, Cao GN, Zou QH. Complete genome sequence and virulence characterization of a neonatal meningitis Escherichia coli isolate. Microb Pathog 2021; 160:105199. [PMID: 34560248 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening disease in newborns, and neonatal meningitis Escherichia coli (NMEC) is the second most frequent bacteria causing this disease worldwide. In order to further understand the characteristics of this pathogen, an E. coli isolate W224 N from newborns with meningitis was sequenced for detailed genetic characterization and the virulence was tested by a series of phenotypic experiments. W224 N has a circular chromosome and three plasmids. It belongs to ST95 and the serotype is O18:H7. Comparative genomic analysis showed that W224 N was closely related to E. coli neonatal meningitis isolates RS218 and NMEC O18. There are 11 genomic islands in W224 N and most of the GIs are specific to W224 N. W224 N has most of the virulence factors other neonatal meningitis isolates have. The virulence genes located both on the genome and plasmid. At the same time, we found a virulence factor cdiA only present in W224 N but absent in the other five genomes analyzed. In vitro experiment showed that W224 N has strong serum resistance ability, low biofilm formation ability and high flagellar motility. It also has a very strong toxicity to mice and amoeba. The whole genome as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that W224 N is a high virulent strain. The results can help us better learn about the pathogenicity of neonatal meningitis E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Wei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guang-Na Cao
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Qing-Hua Zou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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22
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Wang P, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhong H, Wang H, Li J, Zhu G, Xia P, Cui L, Li J, Dong J, Gao Q, Meng X. Colibactin in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli contributes to the development of meningitis in a mouse model. Virulence 2021; 12:2382-2399. [PMID: 34529552 PMCID: PMC8451452 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1972538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Colibactin is synthesized by a 54-kb genomic island, leads to toxicity in eukaryotic cells, and plays a vital role in many diseases, including neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is speculated to be an armory of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli and can be a potential zoonotic bacterium that threatens human and animal health. In this study, the APEC XM meningitis mouse model was successfully established to investigate the effect of colibactin in in vivo infection. The clbH-deletion mutant strain induced lower γ-H2AX expression, no megalocytosis, and no cell cycle arrest in bEnd.3 cells, which showed that the deletion of clbH decreased the production of colibactin in the APEC XM strain. The deletion of clbH did not affect the APEC XM strain’s ability of adhering to and invading bEnd.3 cells. In vitro, the non-colibactin-producing strain displayed significantly lower serum resistance and it also induced a lower level of cytokine mRNA and few disruptions of tight junction proteins in infected bEnd.3 cells. Meningitis did not occur in APEC ΔclbH-infected mice in vivo, who showed fewer clinical symptoms and fewer lesions on radiological and histopathological analyses. Compared with the APEX XM strain, APEC ΔclbH induced lower bacterial colonization in tissues, lower mRNA expression of cytokines in brain tissues, and slight destruction of the brain blood barrier. These results indicate that clbH is a necessary component for the synthesis of genotoxic colibactin, and colibactin is related to the development of meningitis induced by APEC XM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Yanfei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Haoran Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Qingqing Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Xia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
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23
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Wang P, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhong H, Wang H, Li J, Zhu G, Xia P, Cui L, Li J, Dong J, Gao Q, Meng X. ClbG in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Contributes to Meningitis Development in a Mouse Model. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:546. [PMID: 34437417 PMCID: PMC8402462 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colibactin is a complex secondary metabolite that leads to genotoxicity that interferes with the eukaryotic cell cycle. It plays an important role in many diseases, including neonatal mouse sepsis and meningitis. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for several diseases in the poultry industry and may threaten human health due to its potential zoonosis. In this study, we confirmed that clbG was necessary for the APEC XM strain to produce colibactin. The deletion of clbG on APEC XM contributed to lowered γH2AX expression, no megalocytosis, and no cell cycle arrest in vitro. None of the 4-week Institute of Cancer Research mice infected with the APEC XM ΔclbG contracted meningitis or displayed weakened clinical symptoms. Fewer histopathological lesions were observed in the APEC XM ΔclbG group. The bacterial colonization of tissues and the relative expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the brains decreased significantly in the APEC XM ΔclbG group compared to those in the APEC XM group. The tight junction proteins (claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1) were not significantly destroyed in APEC XM ΔclbG group in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, clbG is necessary for the synthesis of the genotoxin colibactin and affects the development of APEC meningitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haoran Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qingqing Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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24
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Comparative Pathogenomics of Escherichia coli: Polyvalent Vaccine Target Identification through Virulome Analysis. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0011521. [PMID: 33941580 PMCID: PMC8281228 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00115-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomics of bacterial pathogens has been useful for revealing potential virulence factors. Escherichia coli is a significant cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide but can also exist as a commensal in the human gastrointestinal tract. With many sequenced genomes, it has served as a model organism for comparative genomic studies to understand the link between genetic content and potential for virulence. To date, however, no comprehensive analysis of its complete “virulome” has been performed for the purpose of identifying universal or pathotype-specific targets for vaccine development. Here, we describe the construction of a pathotype database of 107 well-characterized completely sequenced pathogenic and nonpathogenic E. coli strains, which we annotated for major virulence factors (VFs). The data are cross referenced for patterns against pathotype, phylogroup, and sequence type, and the results were verified against all 1,348 complete E. coli chromosomes in the NCBI RefSeq database. Our results demonstrate that phylogroup drives many of the “pathotype-associated” VFs, and ExPEC-associated VFs are found predominantly within the B2/D/F/G phylogenetic clade, suggesting that these phylogroups are better adapted to infect human hosts. Finally, we used this information to propose polyvalent vaccine targets with specificity toward extraintestinal strains, targeting key invasive strategies, including immune evasion (group 2 capsule), iron acquisition (FyuA, IutA, and Sit), adherence (SinH, Afa, Pap, Sfa, and Iha), and toxins (Usp, Sat, Vat, Cdt, Cnf1, and HlyA). While many of these targets have been proposed before, this work is the first to examine their pathotype and phylogroup distribution and how they may be targeted together to prevent disease.
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25
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Bile salts regulate zinc uptake and capsule synthesis in a mastitis-associated extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strain. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0035721. [PMID: 34228495 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00357-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) are major causes of urinary and bloodstream infections. ExPEC reservoirs are not completely understood. Some mastitis-associated E. coli (MAEC) strains carry genes associated with ExPEC virulence, including metal scavenging, immune avoidance, and host attachment functions. In this study, we investigated the role of the high-affinity zinc uptake (znuABC) system in the MAEC strain M12. Elimination of znuABC moderately decreased fitness during mouse mammary gland infections. The ΔznuABC mutant strain exhibited an unexpected growth delay in the presence of bile salts, which was alleviated by the addition of excess zinc. We isolated ΔznuABC mutant suppressor mutants with improved growth of in bile salts, several of which no longer produced the K96 capsule made by strain M12. Addition of bile salts also reduced capsule production by strain M12 and ExPEC strain CP9, suggesting that capsule synthesis may be detrimental when bile salts are present. To better understand the role of the capsule, we compared the virulence of mastitis strain M12 with its unencapsulated ΔkpsCS mutant in two models of ExPEC disease. The wild type strain successfully colonized mouse bladders and kidneys and was highly virulent in intraperitoneal infections. Conversely, the ΔkpsCS mutant was unable to colonize kidneys and was unable to cause sepsis. These results demonstrate that some MAEC may be capable of causing human ExPEC illness. Virulence of strain M12 in these infections is dependent on its capsule. However, capsule may interfere with zinc homeostasis in the presence of bile salts while in the digestive tract.
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26
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Antonelli G, Cappelli L, Cinelli P, Cuffaro R, Manca B, Nicchi S, Tondi S, Vezzani G, Viviani V, Delany I, Scarselli M, Schiavetti F. Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4943. [PMID: 34066555 PMCID: PMC8125385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional antimicrobial treatments consist of drugs which target different essential functions in pathogens. Nevertheless, bacteria continue to evolve new mechanisms to evade this drug-mediated killing with surprising speed on the deployment of each new drug and antibiotic worldwide, a phenomenon called antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Nowadays, AMR represents a critical health threat, for which new medical interventions are urgently needed. By 2050, it is estimated that the leading cause of death will be through untreatable AMR pathogens. Although antibiotics remain a first-line treatment, non-antibiotic therapies such as prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are increasingly interesting alternatives to limit the spread of such antibiotic resistant microorganisms. For the discovery of new vaccines and mAbs, the search for effective antigens that are able to raise protective immune responses is a challenging undertaking. In this context, outer membrane vesicles (OMV) represent a promising approach, as they recapitulate the complete antigen repertoire that occurs on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we present Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as specific examples of key AMR threats caused by Gram-negative bacteria and we discuss the current status of mAbs and vaccine approaches under development as well as how knowledge on OMV could benefit antigen discovery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Antonelli
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luigia Cappelli
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Cuffaro
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Benedetta Manca
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sonia Nicchi
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Tondi
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Vezzani
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Viola Viviani
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabel Delany
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
| | - Maria Scarselli
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
| | - Francesca Schiavetti
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
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Chandrashekar S, Vijayakumar R, Chelliah R, Daliri EBM, Madar IH, Sultan G, Rubab M, Elahi F, Yeon SJ, Oh DH. In Vitro and In Silico Screening and Characterization of Antimicrobial Napin Bioactive Protein in Brassica juncea and Moringa oleifera. Molecules 2021; 26:2080. [DOI: https:/doi.10.3390/molecules26072080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of Mustard (Brassica juncea) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extracts and coagulant protein for their potential application in water treatment. Bacterial cell aggregation and growth kinetics studies were employed for thirteen bacterial strains with different concentrations of leaf extracts and coagulant protein. Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOS) and coagulant protein showed cell aggregation against ten bacterial strains, whereas leaf extract alone showed growth inhibition of five bacterial strains for up to 6 h and five bacterial strains for up to 3 h. Brassica juncea leaf extract (BJS) showed growth inhibition for up to 6 h, and three bacterial strains showed inhibition for up to 3 h. The highest inhibition concentration with 2.5 mg/mL was 19 mm, and furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.5 mg/mL) and MBC (1.5 mg/mL) were determined to have a higher antibacterial effect for <3 KDa peptides. Based on LCMS analysis, napin was identified in both MOS and BJS; furthermore, the mode of action of napin peptide was determined on lipoprotein X complex (LpxC) and four-chained structured binding protein of bacterial type II topoisomerase (4PLB). The docking analysis has exhibited moderate to potent inhibition with a range of dock score −912.9 Kcal/mol. Thus, it possesses antibacterial-coagulant potential bioactive peptides present in the Moringa oleifera purified protein (MOP) and Brassica juncea purified protein (BJP) that could act as an effective antimicrobial agent to replace currently available antibiotics. The result implies that MOP and Brassica juncea purified coagulant (BJP) proteins may perform a wide degree of antibacterial functions against different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Chandrashekar
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, India
| | - Raman Vijayakumar
- Department of Physiology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, India
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Inamul Hasan Madar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Ghazala Sultan
- Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Momna Rubab
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Yeon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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28
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Yu D, Banting G, Neumann NF. A review of the taxonomy, genetics, and biology of the genus Escherichia and the type species Escherichia coli. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:553-571. [PMID: 33789061 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Historically, bacteriologists have relied heavily on biochemical and structural phenotypes for bacterial taxonomic classification. However, advances in comparative genomics have led to greater insights into the remarkable genetic diversity within the microbial world, and even within well-accepted species such as Escherichia coli. The extraordinary genetic diversity in E. coli recapitulates the evolutionary radiation of this species in exploiting a wide range of niches (i.e., ecotypes), including the gastrointestinal system of diverse vertebrate hosts as well as non-host natural environments (soil, natural waters, wastewater), which drives the adaptation, natural selection, and evolution of intragenotypic conspecific specialism as a strategy for survival. Over the last few years, there has been increasing evidence that many E. coli strains are very host (or niche)-specific. While biochemical and phylogenetic evidence support the classification of E. coli as a distinct species, the vast genomic (diverse pan-genome and intragenotypic variability), phenotypic (e.g., metabolic pathways), and ecotypic (host-/niche-specificity) diversity, comparable to the diversity observed in known species complexes, suggest that E. coli is better represented as a complex. Herein we review the taxonomic classification of the genus Escherichia and discuss how phenotype, genotype, and ecotype recapitulate our understanding of the biology of this remarkable bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Yu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G IC9, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G IC9, Canada
| | - Graham Banting
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G IC9, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G IC9, Canada
| | - Norman F Neumann
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G IC9, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G IC9, Canada
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29
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Lai J, Zhu Y, Tang L, Lin X. Epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Escherichia coli infection in neonates from 2012 to 2019 in Xiamen, China. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:295. [PMID: 33757434 PMCID: PMC7988952 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the important causative pathogens of neonatal invasive infection. The epidemiological and clinical profile of invasive E. coli infection in Chinese newborns is not well characterized. METHODS Ninety-four infants with invasive E. coli infection were categorized into E. coli early onset disease (EOD) group (onset ≤72 h after birth) (n = 46) and E. coli late onset disease (LOD) group (onset > 72 h) (n = 48). We compared and analyzed the clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity profile of early-onset and late-onset E. coli invasive infection in neonates. RESULTS The incidence of E. coli-EOD and E.coli-LOD was 0.45/1000 live births (LBs) and 0.47/1000 LBs, respectively. The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, perinatal fever, urinary tract infection, chorioamnionitis, and positive E. coli culture among mothers in the E. coli-EOD group were significantly higher than that in E. coli-LOD group. The incidence of premature birth, low-birth-weight, nosocomial infection, and hospitalization time were significantly higher in the E. coli-LOD group. The main disease in E. coli-EOD group was pneumonia (main clinical manifestation: dyspnea). The main disease in E. coli-LOD group was sepsis (main clinical manifestation: fever). The sensitivity rates of E. coli strains to ampicillin and piperacillin were low (25.00-28.79%); sensitivity to cephalosporins was also low except ceftazidime (lowest sensitivity rate: 57.14%). Sensitivity to compound preparations containing β-lactamase inhibitors was high, even for extended spectrum β-lactamase-positive strains (nearly 100%). CONCLUSION E. coli is an important cause of invasive infection of newborns in Xiamen, China. E. coli-EOD was largely attributable to perinatal factors, while E. coli-LOD was largely related to nosocomial infection. Compound preparations containing β-lactamase inhibitor or carbapenem antibiotics should be preferred for neonatal invasive infection by E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Lai
- Department of Neonatology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.10 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
- Xiamen key laboratory of perinatal-neonatal infection, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.10 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
- Xiamen key laboratory of perinatal-neonatal infection, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lixia Tang
- Department of Neonatology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.10 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
- Xiamen key laboratory of perinatal-neonatal infection, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xinzhu Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.10 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China.
- Xiamen key laboratory of perinatal-neonatal infection, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China.
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30
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Chambers CA, Lacey CA, Brown DC, Skyberg JA. Nitric oxide inhibits interleukin-1-mediated protection against Escherichia coli K1-induced sepsis and meningitis in a neonatal murine model. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:596-610. [PMID: 33550610 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal meningitis-associated Escherichia coli (NMEC) is a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in newborn infants. Neonates are known to have impaired inflammasome activation and interleukin (IL)-1 production. However, it is unknown what role this plays in the context of NMEC infection. Here we investigated the role of IL-1 signaling in the pathogenesis of NMEC infection. We found both IL-1β and IL-1α were secreted from macrophages and microglial cells in response to NMEC in a Toll-like receptor 4- and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NPLR3)-dependent manner. Intracerebral infection of adult mice indicated a protective role of IL-1 signaling during NMEC infection. However, IL-1 receptor blockade in wild-type neonatal mice did not significantly alter bacterial loads in the blood or brain, and we, therefore, investigated whether protection conferred by IL-1 was age dependent. Neonates are known to have increased nitric oxide (NO) levels compared with adults, and we found NO inhibited the secretion of IL-1 by macrophages in response to NMEC. In contrast to our results in wild-type neonates, blockade of IL-1 receptor in neonates lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) led to significantly increased bacterial loads in the blood and brain. These data indicate IL-1 signaling is protective during NMEC infection in neonates only when iNOS is absent. Collectively, our findings suggest that increased NO production by neonates inhibits IL-1 production, and that this suppresses the protective role of IL-1 signaling in response to NMEC infection. This may indicate a general mechanism for increased susceptibility of neonates to infection and could lead to new therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Carolyn A Lacey
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dana C Brown
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jerod A Skyberg
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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31
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Meza-Segura M, Zaidi MB, Vera-Ponce de León A, Moran-Garcia N, Martinez-Romero E, Nataro JP, Estrada-Garcia T. New Insights Into DAEC and EAEC Pathogenesis and Phylogeny. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:572951. [PMID: 33178627 PMCID: PMC7593697 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.572951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrheagenic E. coli can be separated into six distinct pathotypes, with enteroaggregative (EAEC) and diffusely-adherent E. coli (DAEC) among the least characterized. To gain additional insights into these two pathotypes we performed whole genome sequencing of ten DAEC, nine EAEC strains, isolated from Mexican children with diarrhea, and one EAEC plus one commensal E. coli strains isolated from an adult with diarrhea and a healthy child, respectively. These genome sequences were compared to 85 E. coli genomes available in public databases. The EAEC and DAEC strains segregated into multiple different clades; however, six clades were heavily or exclusively comprised of EAEC and DAEC strains, suggesting a phylogenetic relationship between these two pathotypes. EAEC strains harbored the typical virulence factors under control of the activator AggR, but also several toxins, bacteriocins, and other virulence factors. DAEC strains harbored several iron-scavenging systems, toxins, adhesins, and complement resistance or Immune system evasion factors that suggest a pathogenic paradigm for this poorly understood pathotype. Several virulence factors for both EAEC and DAEC were associated with clinical presentations, not only suggesting the importance of these factors, but also potentially indicating opportunities for intervention. Our studies provide new insights into two distinct but related diarrheagenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Meza-Segura
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mussaret B Zaidi
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General O'Horan, Mérida, Mexico.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Nadia Moran-Garcia
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - James P Nataro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VI, United States
| | - Teresa Estrada-Garcia
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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32
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Desvaux M, Dalmasso G, Beyrouthy R, Barnich N, Delmas J, Bonnet R. Pathogenicity Factors of Genomic Islands in Intestinal and Extraintestinal Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2065. [PMID: 33101219 PMCID: PMC7545054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a versatile bacterial species that includes both harmless commensal strains and pathogenic strains found in the gastrointestinal tract in humans and warm-blooded animals. The growing amount of DNA sequence information generated in the era of "genomics" has helped to increase our understanding of the factors and mechanisms involved in the diversification of this bacterial species. The pathogenic side of E. coli that is afforded through horizontal transfers of genes encoding virulence factors enables this bacterium to become a highly diverse and adapted pathogen that is responsible for intestinal or extraintestinal diseases in humans and animals. Many of the accessory genes acquired by horizontal transfers form syntenic blocks and are recognized as genomic islands (GIs). These genomic regions contribute to the rapid evolution, diversification and adaptation of E. coli variants because they are frequently subject to rearrangements, excision and transfer, as well as to further acquisition of additional DNA. Here, we review a subgroup of GIs from E. coli termed pathogenicity islands (PAIs), a concept defined in the late 1980s by Jörg Hacker and colleagues in Werner Goebel's group at the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. As with other GIs, the PAIs comprise large genomic regions that differ from the rest of the genome by their G + C content, by their typical insertion within transfer RNA genes, and by their harboring of direct repeats (at their ends), integrase determinants, or other mobility loci. The hallmark of PAIs is their contribution to the emergence of virulent bacteria and to the development of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure and functional features of PAIs, on PAI-encoded E. coli pathogenicity factors and on the role of PAIs in host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Dalmasso
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Racha Beyrouthy
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Delmas
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Khazaei Z, Ghorbani P, Namaei MH, Rezaei Y, Yousefi M. Prevalence of Escherichia coli K1 Rectovaginal Colonization Among Pregnant Women in Iran: Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance Properties. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1201-1207. [PMID: 32354254 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal invasive infections caused by Escherichia coli K1 are still major health problems and effective preventive strategies at the maternal level can be a concern. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rectovaginal colonization, related risk factors, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance properties of E. coli K1 among pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study, vaginal and rectal swabs were collected from 400 pregnant women. The identification of E. coli isolates was performed by microbiological tests. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to identify the E. coli K1 strains. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. Two duplex PCR assays were developed separately to detect genes encoding virulence determinants (fimH, hlyF, ibeA, and iucC) in the E. coli strains. The vaginal and rectal maternal E. coli K1 colonization rates were 3.7% and 19.25%, respectively. There is no significant association between demographic-obstetric factors and vaginal E. coli colonization in pregnant women. The most effective antibiotics against E. coli K1 strains were imipenem, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime. In our study, the E. coli K1 strains were significantly more likely to possess the fimH (90.9% vs. 60.7%) and iucC (90.9% vs. 53.6%) than the E. coli non-K1 strains. This study demonstrates that E. coli K1 seems to be more virulent than non-K1 strains. Our findings highlight the importance of screening pregnant women for vaginal colonization by E. coli K1 and of the appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of early-onset E. coli neonatal infection and comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Khazaei
- Department of Gynecology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Parvin Ghorbani
- Faulty of Medicine, and Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Namaei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Yasaman Rezaei
- Faulty of Medicine, and Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Masoud Yousefi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Promite S, Saha SK. Escherichia coli in respiratory tract infections: Evaluating antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of fimA, neuC and iutA virulence genes. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Ugwu IC, Lee-Ching L, Ugwu CC, Okoye JOA, Chah KF. In vitro assessment of pathogenicity and virulence encoding gene profiles of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains associated with colibacillosis in chickens. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2020; 21:180-187. [PMID: 33178295 PMCID: PMC7608036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains have been associated with various disease conditions in avian species due to virulence attributes associated with the organism. AIMS This study was carried out to determine the in vitro pathogenic characteristics and virulence encoding genes found in E. coli strains associated with colibacillosis in chickens. METHODS Fifty-two stock cultures of E. coli strains isolated from chickens diagnosed of colibacillosis were tested for their ability to produce haemolysis on blood agar and take up Congo red dye. Molecular characterization was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of virulence encoding genes associated with APEC. RESULTS Eleven (22%) and 41 (71%) were positive for haemolysis on 5% sheep red blood agar and Congo red agar, respectively. Nine virulence-associated genes were detected as follows: FimH (96%), csgA (52%), iss (48%), iut (33%), tsh (21%), cva (15%), kpsII (10%), pap (2%), and felA (2%). CONCLUSION The APEC strains exhibited virulence properties and harbored virulence encoding genes which could be a threat to the poultry population and public health. The putative virulence genes were diverse and different in almost all isolate implying that pathogenesis was multi-factorial and the infection was multi-faceted which could be a source of concern in the detection and control of APEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. C. Ugwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - L. Lee-Ching
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - C. C. Ugwu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - J. O. A. Okoye
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - K. F. Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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36
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Xu A, Scullen OJ, Sheen S, Johnson JR, Sommers CH. Inactivation of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli clinical and food isolates suspended in ground chicken meat by gamma radiation. Food Microbiol 2019; 84:103264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Identification of Host Adaptation Genes in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli during Infection in Different Hosts. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00666-19. [PMID: 31501251 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00666-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important human and animal pathogen. Despite the apparent similarities in their known virulence attributes, some ExPEC strains can cross the host species barrier and present a zoonotic potential, whereas other strains exhibit host specificity, suggesting the existence of unknown mechanisms that remain to be identified. We applied a transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS) strategy to investigate the ExPEC XM strain, which is capable of crossing the host species barrier, and to screen for virulence-essential genes in both mammalian (mouse) and avian (duck) models of E. coli-related septicemia. We identified 151 genes essential for systemic infection in both mammalian and avian models, 97 required only in the mammalian model, and 280 required only in the avian model. Ten genes/gene clusters were selected for further validation, and their contributions to ExPEC virulence in both mammalian and avian models or mammalian- or avian-only models were confirmed by animal tests. This represents the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of virulence-essential genes required for systemic infections in two different host species and provides a further comprehensive understanding of ExPEC-related virulence, host specificity, and adaptation.
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38
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Thermal inactivation of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli suspended in ground chicken meat. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sarowska J, Futoma-Koloch B, Jama-Kmiecik A, Frej-Madrzak M, Ksiazczyk M, Bugla-Ploskonska G, Choroszy-Krol I. Virulence factors, prevalence and potential transmission of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from different sources: recent reports. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:10. [PMID: 30828388 PMCID: PMC6383261 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) are facultative pathogens that are part of the normal human intestinal flora. The ExPEC group includes uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC), sepsis-associated E. coli (SEPEC), and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Virulence factors (VF) related to the pathogenicity of ExPEC are numerous and have a wide range of activities, from those related to bacteria colonization to those related to virulence, including adhesins, toxins, iron acquisition factors, lipopolysaccharides, polysaccharide capsules, and invasins, which are usually encoded on pathogenicity islands (PAIs), plasmids and other mobile genetic elements. Mechanisms underlying the dynamics of ExPEC transmission and the selection of virulent clones are still poorly understood and require further research. The time shift between colonization of ExPEC and the development of infection remains problematic in the context of establishing the relation between consumption of contaminated food and the appearance of first disease symptoms. What appears to be most difficult is to prove that ExPEC strains cause disease symptoms and to examine the mechanism of transition from the asymptomatic colonization of the intestines to the spreading of the bacteria outside the digestive system. A significant problem for researchers who are trying to ascribe ExPEC transmission to food, people or the environment is to draw the distinction between colonization of ExPEC and infection. Food safety is an important challenge for public health both at the production stage and in the course of its processing and distribution. Examination of the genetic similarity of ExPEC strains will allow to determine their origin from different sources. Many levels of genotyping have been proposed in which the typing of strains, plasmids and genes is compared in order to obtain a more complete picture of this complex problem. The aim of our study was to characterize E. coli strains isolated from humans, animals and food for the presence of bacterial genes encoding virulence factors such as toxins, and iron acquisition systems (siderophores) in the context of an increasing spread of ExPEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Sarowska
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Futoma-Koloch
- 2Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jama-Kmiecik
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frej-Madrzak
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Ksiazczyk
- 2Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Bugla-Ploskonska
- 2Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Irena Choroszy-Krol
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Kaushik S, Tiwari U, Prashar S, Das B, Sinha RK. Label-free detection of Escherichia coli bacteria by cascaded chirped long period gratings immunosensor. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:025003. [PMID: 30831695 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An optical fiber based immunosensing platform formed by two identical chirped long period gratings (CLPGs) for sensitive and label-free detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is presented. The proposed immunosensor having two CLPGs with an inter-grating space (IGS) works like a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The important feature of this sensor is that by changing the refractive index (RI) induced phase at the IGS region, a corresponding shift in resonance wavelength can be realized without affecting the actual grating region. Additionally, the confining bandwidth of the interference fringes promotes greater resolution in the resonance wavelength analysis of the transmission spectrum. The main aim of this study was the specific and rapid detection of the E. coli bacteria in phosphate buffer saline (detection range: 10 cfu/ml to 60 cfu/ml) by using the bio-functionalized IGS region as a sensing probe of the dual CLPG structure. The observed detection limit was 7 cfu/ml. For specificity analysis, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus were tested and no significant shift in resonance wavelength was observed. In addition, the proposed immunosensor has the ability to selectively detect E. coli in real samples including lake water. The high specificity, good sensitivity to ambient RI, and robustness of the developed sensing platform will open a new avenue in optical immunosensing technology, and cascaded long CLPG sensors can contribute significantly to the detection of pathogenic bacteria in water and food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Kaushik
- Advanced Materials and Sensors (V 4), Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Umesh Tiwari
- Advanced Materials and Sensors (V 4), Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | | | - Bhargab Das
- Advanced Materials and Sensors (V 4), Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Ravindra K Sinha
- Advanced Materials and Sensors (V 4), Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India
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Geslain G, Birgy A, Adiba S, Magnan M, Courroux C, Levy C, Cohen R, Bidet P, Bonacorsi S. Genome sequencing of strains of the most prevalent clonal group of O1:K1:H7 Escherichia coli that causes neonatal meningitis in France. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:17. [PMID: 30654756 PMCID: PMC6337857 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To describe the temporal dynamics, molecular characterization, clinical and ex vivo virulence of emerging O1:K1 neonatal meningitis Escherichia coli (NMEC) strains of Sequence Type complex (STc) 95 in France. The national reference center collected NMEC strains and performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of O1:K1 STc95 NMEC strains for phylogenetic and virulence genes content analysis. Data on the clinical and biological features of patients were also collected. Ex vivo virulence was assessed using the Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba model. Results Among 250 NMEC strains collected between 1998 and 2015, 38 belonged to O1:K1 STc95. This clonal complex was the most frequently collected after 2004, representing up to 25% of NMEC strains in France. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that most (74%) belonged to a cluster designated D-1, characterized by the adhesin FimH30. There is no clinical data to suggest that this cluster is more pathogenic than its counterparts, although it is highly predominant and harbors a large repertoire of extraintestinal virulence factors, including a pS88-like plasmid. Ex vivo virulence model showed that this cluster was generally less virulent than STc95 reference strains of O45S88:H7 and O18:H7 serotypes. However, the model showed differences between several subclones, although they harbor the same known virulence determinants. Conclusions The emerging clonal group O1:K1 STc95 of NMEC strains is mainly composed of a cluster with many virulence factors but of only moderate virulence. Whether its emergence is due to its ability to colonize the gut thanks to FimH30 or pS88-like plasmid remains to be determined. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1376-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Geslain
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Service de Microbiologie, Centre National de Référence Escherichia coli, Hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - André Birgy
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Service de Microbiologie, Centre National de Référence Escherichia coli, Hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Adiba
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Magnan
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Céline Courroux
- Service de Microbiologie, Centre National de Référence Escherichia coli, Hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Levy
- Association Clinique Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne, Saint Maur des Fossés, France
| | - Robert Cohen
- Association Clinique Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne, Saint Maur des Fossés, France
| | - Philippe Bidet
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Service de Microbiologie, Centre National de Référence Escherichia coli, Hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Bonacorsi
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. .,Service de Microbiologie, Centre National de Référence Escherichia coli, Hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France.
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Gioia-Di Chiacchio RM, Cunha MPV, de Sá LRM, Davies YM, Pereira CBP, Martins FH, Munhoz DD, Abe CM, Franzolin MR, Dos Santos LF, Guth BEC, Elias WP, Piazza RMF, Knöbl T. Novel Hybrid of Typical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shiga-Toxin-Producing E. coli (tEPEC/STEC) Emerging From Pet Birds. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2975. [PMID: 30574131 PMCID: PMC6291465 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Exotic psittacine birds have been implicated as reservoir of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), including enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC). Here, we present a genotypic and phenotypic characterization of typical EPEC/STEC hybrid strains isolated from exotic psittacine birds. The strains were positive for eae, bfpA, and stx2f genes, belong to serotype O137:H6 and ST2678. Two strains were subject to whole genome sequencing, confirming the presence of the virulence factors of both E. coli pathotypes. Phenotypical in vitro tests confirmed their ability to adhere to HeLa cells and cause cytotoxicity to Vero cells. The rabbit ileal loop assays showed the attaching and effacing lesion, in addition to inflammatory process and overproduction of intestinal mucus. This is the first report of hybrid typical EPEC/STEC (O137:H6/ST2678) strains isolated from companion psittacine birds and the results suggest zoonotic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosely Martins Gioia-Di Chiacchio
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Yamê Minieiro Davies
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Terezinha Knöbl
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhu Q, Dupont CL, Jones MB, Pham KM, Jiang ZD, DuPont HL, Highlander SK. Visualization-assisted binning of metagenome assemblies reveals potential new pathogenic profiles in idiopathic travelers' diarrhea. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:201. [PMID: 30409177 PMCID: PMC6225641 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Travelers' diarrhea (TD) is often caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, enteroaggregative E. coli, other bacterial pathogens, Norovirus, and occasionally parasites. Nevertheless, standard diagnostic methods fail to identify pathogens in more than 40% of TD patients. It is predicted that new pathogens may be causative agents of the disease. RESULTS We performed a comprehensive amplicon and whole genome shotgun (WGS) metagenomic study of the fecal microbiomes from 23 TD patients and seven healthy travelers, all of which were negative for the known etiologic agents of TD based on standard microbiological and immunological assays. Abnormal and diverse taxonomic profiles in TD samples were revealed. WGS reads were assembled and the resulting contigs were visualized using multiple query types. A semi-manual workflow was applied to isolate independent genomes from metagenomic pools. A total of 565 genome bins were extracted, 320 of which were complete enough to be characterized as cellular genomes; 160 were viral genomes. We made predictions of the etiology of disease for many of the individual subjects based on the properties and features of the recovered genomes. Multiple patients with low-diversity metagenomes were predominated by one to several E. coli strains. Functional annotation allowed prediction of pathogenic type in many cases. Five patients were co-infected with E. coli and other members of Enterobacteriaceae, including Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Citrobacter; these may represent blooms of organisms that appear following secretory diarrhea. New "dark matter" microbes were observed in multiple samples. In one, we identified a novel TM7 genome that phylogenetically clustered with a sludge isolate; it carries genes encoding potential virulence factors. In multiple samples, we observed high proportions of putative novel viral genomes, some of which form clusters with the ubiquitous gut virus, crAssphage. The total relative abundance of viruses was significantly higher in healthy travelers versus TD patients. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the strength of assembly-based metagenomics, especially the manually curated, visualization-assisted binning of contigs, in resolving unusual and under-characterized pathogenic profiles of human-associated microbiomes. Results show that TD may be polymicrobial, with multiple novel cellular and viral strains as potential players in the diarrheal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Zhu
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gillman Drive #0763, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | | | - Marcus B. Jones
- Human Longevity, Inc., 4570 Executive Drive, La Jolla, CA 92121 USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Kevin M. Pham
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- 2132 Calaveras Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Jiang
- University of Texas School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Herbert L. DuPont
- University of Texas School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Sarah K. Highlander
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3051 W. Shamrell Blvd., Suite 106, Flagstaff, AZ 86005 USA
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Nielsen DW, Klimavicz JS, Cavender T, Wannemuehler Y, Barbieri NL, Nolan LK, Logue CM. The Impact of Media, Phylogenetic Classification, and E. coli Pathotypes on Biofilm Formation in Extraintestinal and Commensal E. coli From Humans and Animals. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:902. [PMID: 29867813 PMCID: PMC5951942 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) include avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC), and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and are responsible for significant animal and human morbidity and mortality. This study sought to investigate if biofilm formation by ExPEC likely contributes to these losses since biofilms are associated with recurrent urinary tract infections, antibiotic resistance, and bacterial exchange of genetic material. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine differences in biofilm formation among a collection of ExPEC and to ascertain if there is a relationship between their ability to produce biofilms and their assignment to phylogenetic groups in three media types - M63, diluted TSB, and BHI. Our results suggest that ExPEC produce relatively different levels of biofilm formation in the media tested as APEC (70.4%, p = 0.0064) and NMEC (84.4%, p = 0.0093) isolates were poor biofilm formers in minimal medium M63 while UPEC isolates produced significantly higher ODs under nutrient-limited conditions with 25% of strains producing strong biofilms in diluted TSB (p = 0.0204). Additionally, E. coli phylogenetic assignment using Clermont's original and revised typing scheme demonstrated significant differences among the phylogenetic groups in the different media. When the original phylogenetic group isolates previously typed as group D were phylogenetically typed under the revised scheme and examined, they showed substantial variation in their ability to form biofilms, which may explain the significant values of revised phylogenetic groups E and F in M63 (p = 0.0291, p = 0.0024). Our data indicates that biofilm formation is correlated with phylogenetic classification and subpathotype or commensal grouping of E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - James S. Klimavicz
- Interdepartmental Toxicology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Tia Cavender
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Yvonne Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Nicolle L. Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Lisa K. Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Catherine M. Logue
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Draft Genome Sequences of Five Neonatal Meningitis-Causing Escherichia coli Isolates (SP-4, SP-5, SP-13, SP-46, and SP-65). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/16/e00091-18. [PMID: 29674529 PMCID: PMC5908952 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00091-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal meningitis-causing Escherichia coli isolates (SP-4, SP-5, SP-13, SP-46, and SP-65) were recovered between 1989 and 1997 from infants in the Netherlands. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of these five E. coli isolates, which are currently being used to validate food safety processing technologies.
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Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) present a major clinical problem that has emerged in the past years. Most of the infections are hospital or community-acquired and involve patients with a compromised immune system. The infective agents belong to a large number of strains of different serotypes that do not cross react. The seriousness of the infection is due to the fact that most of the infecting bacteria are highly antibiotic resistant. Here, we discuss the bacterial factors responsible for pathogenesis and potential means to combat the infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvora Biran
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 39978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eliora Z Ron
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 39978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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47
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Breland EJ, Eberly AR, Hadjifrangiskou M. An Overview of Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems Implicated in Extra-Intestinal Pathogenic E. coli Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:162. [PMID: 28536675 PMCID: PMC5422438 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) infections are common in mammals and birds. The predominant ExPEC types are avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), neonatal meningitis causing E. coli/meningitis associated E. coli (NMEC/MAEC), and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Many reviews have described current knowledge on ExPEC infection strategies and virulence factors, especially for UPEC. However, surprisingly little has been reported on the regulatory modules that have been identified as critical in ExPEC pathogenesis. Two-component systems (TCSs) comprise the predominant method by which bacteria respond to changing environments and play significant roles in modulating bacterial fitness in diverse niches. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of manipulating signal transduction systems as a means to chemically re-wire bacterial pathogens, thereby reducing selective pressure and avoiding the emergence of antibiotic resistance. This review begins by providing a brief introduction to characterized infection strategies and common virulence factors among APEC, NMEC, and UPEC and continues with a comprehensive overview of two-component signal transduction networks that have been shown to influence ExPEC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Breland
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | - Allison R Eberly
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA.,Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
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Abia ALK, Schaefer L, Ubomba-Jaswa E, Le Roux W. Abundance of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence-Associated Genes in Well and Borehole Water Used for Domestic Purposes in a Peri-Urban Community of South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030320. [PMID: 28335539 PMCID: PMC5369156 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of pipe-borne water, many people in Africa, especially in rural communities, depend on alternative water sources such as wells, boreholes and rivers for household and personal hygiene. Poor maintenance and nearby pit latrines, however, lead to microbial pollution of these sources. We evaluated the abundance of Escherichia coli and the prevalence of pathogenic E. coli virulence genes in water from wells, boreholes and a river in a South African peri-urban community. Monthly samples were collected between August 2015 and November 2016. In all, 144 water samples were analysed for E. coli using the Colilert 18 system. Virulence genes (eagg, eaeA, stx1, stx2, flichH7, ST, ipaH, ibeA) were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mean E. coli counts ranged between 0 and 443.1 Most Probable Number (MPN)/100 mL of water sample. Overall, 99.3% of samples were positive for at least one virulence gene studied, with flicH7 being the most detected gene (81/140; 57.6%) and the stx2 gene the least detected gene (8/140; 5.7%). Both intestinal and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli genes were detected. The detection of virulence genes in these water sources suggests the presence of potentially pathogenic E. coli strains and is a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akebe Luther King Abia
- Departments of Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Andries Potgieter Blvd, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa.
| | - Lisa Schaefer
- Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa
- Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Wouter Le Roux
- Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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Cools P. The role of Escherichia coli in reproductive health: state of the art. Res Microbiol 2017; 168:892-901. [PMID: 28242352 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a well-known commensal of the normal intestinal microbiome that can also colonize the vaginal microbiome, usually without symptoms. However, E. coli can also be a highly virulent and frequently deadly pathogen. In this review, I will discuss the role E. coli has in reproductive health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Cools
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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50
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Chan KW, Shone C, Hesp JR. Antibiotics and iron-limiting conditions and their effect on the production and composition of outer membrane vesicles secreted from clinical isolates of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 11. [PMID: 27666736 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The focus of this study was to characterize the effect of clinically relevant stress-inducing conditions on the production and composition of proinflammatory outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced from ST131 extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) clinical isolates. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A label-free method (relative normalized spectral index quantification, SINQ) was used to identify changes in the respective OMV proteomes following exposure of the ExPEC strains to antibiotics and low iron. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was used to quantify changes in abundance and size of OMVs produced by the gentamicin-resistant (GenR) and gentamicin-sensitive (GenS) ExPEC strains. RESULTS Up to a 13.1-fold increase in abundance of particles were detected when the gentamicin-sensitive strain was exposed to a range of gentamicin concentrations. In contrast, no increase was observed for the gentamicin-resistant strain. Iron-limiting conditions had minimal effect on OMV production for either strain. Marked changes in the OMV proteome were observed for both strains including increases in Hsp100/Clp proteins, ATP-dependent ClpP protease, and regulatory proteins. CONCLUSION These data provide information on changes in the composition of OMV particles derived from ExPEC strains generated in response to clinically relevant conditions. We show that the levels of the proinflammatory OMVs increase for gentamicin-sensitive ExPEC exposed to the antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin W Chan
- Public Health England, Porton, Salisbury, UK
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