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Markova J, Langova D, Babak V, Kostovova I. Ovine and Caprine Strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis on Czech Farms-A Comparative Study. Microorganisms 2024; 12:875. [PMID: 38792705 PMCID: PMC11123211 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a worldwide disease of small ruminants caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a facultative intracellular pathogen that is able to survive and multiply in certain white blood cells of the host. In this study, 33 strains of C. pseudotuberculosis were isolated from sheep and goats suffering from CLA on nine farms in the Czech Republic. All these strains were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility, ability to form a biofilm and resistance to the effects of commonly used disinfectant agents. To better understand the virulence of C. pseudotuberculosis, the genomes of strains were sequenced and comparative genomic analysis was performed with another 123 genomes of the same species, including ovis and equi biovars, downloaded from the NCBI. The genetic determinants for the virulence factors responsible for adherence and virulence factors specialized for iron uptake and exotoxin phospholipase D were revealed in every analyzed genome. Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes were compared, revealing the presence of genetic determinants encoding exo-α-sialidase (GH33) and the CP40 protein in most of the analyzed genomes. Thirty-three Czech strains of C. pseudotuberculosis were identified as the biovar ovis on the basis of comparative genome analysis. All the compared genomes of the biovar ovis strains were highly similar regardless of their country of origin or host, reflecting their clonal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirina Markova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.L.); (V.B.); (I.K.)
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Happonen L, Collin M. Immunomodulating Enzymes from Streptococcus pyogenes-In Pathogenesis, as Biotechnological Tools, and as Biological Drugs. Microorganisms 2024; 12:200. [PMID: 38258026 PMCID: PMC10818452 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes, or Group A Streptococcus, is an exclusively human pathogen that causes a wide variety of diseases ranging from mild throat and skin infections to severe invasive disease. The pathogenesis of S. pyogenes infection has been extensively studied, but the pathophysiology, especially of the more severe infections, is still somewhat elusive. One key feature of S. pyogenes is the expression of secreted, surface-associated, and intracellular enzymes that directly or indirectly affect both the innate and adaptive host immune systems. Undoubtedly, S. pyogenes is one of the major bacterial sources for immunomodulating enzymes. Major targets for these enzymes are immunoglobulins that are destroyed or modified through proteolysis or glycan hydrolysis. Furthermore, several enzymes degrade components of the complement system and a group of DNAses degrade host DNA in neutrophil extracellular traps. Additional types of enzymes interfere with cellular inflammatory and innate immunity responses. In this review, we attempt to give a broad overview of the functions of these enzymes and their roles in pathogenesis. For those enzymes where experimentally determined structures exist, the structural aspects of the enzymatic activity are further discussed. Lastly, we also discuss the emerging use of some of the enzymes as biotechnological tools as well as biological drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Happonen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Collin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
It has been widely appreciated that numerous bacterial species express chitinases for the purpose of degrading environmental chitin. However, chitinases and chitin-binding proteins are also expressed by pathogenic bacterial species during infection even though mammals do not produce chitin. Alternative molecular targets are therefore likely present within the host. Here, we will describe our current understanding of chitinase/chitin-binding proteins as virulence factors that promote bacterial colonization and infection. The targets of these chitinases in the host have been shown to include immune system components, mucins, and surface glycans. Bacterial chitinases have also been shown to interact with other microorganisms, targeting the peptidoglycan or chitin in the bacterial and fungal cell wall, respectively. This review highlights that even though the name "chitinase" implies activity toward chitin, chitinases can have a wide diversity of targets, including ones relevant to host infection. Chitinases may therefore be useful as a target of future anti-infective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Devlin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Judith Behnsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Crouch LI. N-glycan breakdown by bacterial CAZymes. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:373-385. [PMID: 37067180 PMCID: PMC10154615 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The modification of proteins by N-glycans is ubiquitous to most organisms and they have multiple biological functions, including protecting the adjoining protein from degradation and facilitating communication or adhesion between cells, for example. Microbes have evolved CAZymes to deconstruct different types of N-glycans and some of these have been characterised from microbes originating from different niches, both commensals and pathogens. The specificity of these CAZymes provides clues as to how different microbes breakdown these substrates and possibly cross-feed them. Discovery of CAZymes highly specific for N-glycans also provides new tools and options for modifying glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy I Crouch
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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Barral TD, Mariutti RB, Arni RK, Santos AJ, Loureiro D, Sokolonski AR, Azevedo V, Borsuk S, Meyer R, Portela RD. A panel of recombinant proteins for the serodiagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in goats and sheep. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:1313-1323. [PMID: 31287241 PMCID: PMC6801148 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a small ruminant disease characterized by the development of granulomatous lesions in superficial and internal lymph nodes, as well as in some organs, and causes significant economic losses worldwide. The aetiological agent of CLA is the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; however, the commercially available diagnostic tools present problems with regard to specificity, which can lead to false-negative results. This study aimed to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of specific immunoglobulins in goats and sheep using recombinant C. pseudotuberculosis PLD, CP40, PknG, DtxR and Grx proteins. For validation of the ELISAs, 130 goat serum samples and 160 sheep serum samples were used. The best ELISA for goats was developed using a combination of PLD and CP40 as antigens at a 1:1 ratio, which presented 96.9% sensitivity and 98.4% specificity. The most effective ELISA for sheep presented 91% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity when recombinant PLD alone was used as the antigen. These ELISAs can be used as highly accurate tools in epidemiological surveys and for the serodiagnosis of C. pseudotuberculosis infection in goats and sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Doria Barral
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia MolecularICS‐UFBASalvadorBA40110‐100Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Dan Loureiro
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia MolecularICS‐UFBASalvadorBA40110‐100Brasil
| | - Ana Rita Sokolonski
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia MolecularICS‐UFBASalvadorBA40110‐100Brasil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e MolecularICB‐UFMGBelo HorizonteMG31270‐901Brasil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto‐parasitáriaCDT‐UFPelPelotasRS96010‐900Brasil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia MolecularICS‐UFBASalvadorBA40110‐100Brasil
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Nandakumar KS, Collin M, Happonen KE, Lundström SL, Croxford AM, Xu B, Zubarev RA, Rowley MJ, Blom AM, Kjellman C, Holmdahl R. Streptococcal Endo-β- N-Acetylglucosaminidase Suppresses Antibody-Mediated Inflammation In Vivo. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1623. [PMID: 30061892 PMCID: PMC6054937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EndoS) is a family 18 glycosyl hydrolase secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes. Recombinant EndoS hydrolyzes the β-1,4-di-N-acetylchitobiose core of the N-linked complex type glycan on the asparagine 297 of the γ-chains of IgG. Here, we report that EndoS and IgG hydrolyzed by EndoS induced suppression of local immune complex (IC)-mediated arthritis. A small amount (1 µg given i.v. to a mouse) of EndoS was sufficient to inhibit IgG-mediated arthritis in mice. The presence of EndoS disturbed larger IC lattice formation both in vitro and in vivo, as visualized with anti-C3b staining. Neither complement binding in vitro nor antigen-antibody binding per se were affected. Thus, EndoS could potentially be used for treating patients with IC-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Collin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaisa E Happonen
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Susanna L Lundström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Allyson M Croxford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bingze Xu
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Merrill J Rowley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Rikard Holmdahl
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Droppa-Almeida D, Franceschi E, Padilha FF. Immune-Informatic Analysis and Design of Peptide Vaccine From Multi-epitopes Against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Bioinform Biol Insights 2018; 12:1177932218755337. [PMID: 29780242 PMCID: PMC5954444 DOI: 10.1177/1177932218755337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis bacteria that affects sheep and goats. The absence of a serologic diagnose is a factor that contributes for the disease dissemination, and due to the formation of granuloma, the treatment is very expensive. Therefore, prophylaxis is the approach with best cost-benefit relation; however, it still lacks an effective vaccine. In this sense, this work seeks to apply bioinformatic tools to design an effective vaccine against CLA, using CP40 protein as standard for the design of immunodominant epitopes, from which a total of 6 sequences were obtained, varying from 10 to 16 amino acid residues. The evaluation of different properties of the vaccines showed that the vaccine is a potent and nonallergenic antigen remaining stable in a wide range of temperatures. The initial tertiary structure of the vaccine was then predicted and a model selected. Later, the process of CP40 protein and TLR2 receptor binding was performed, presenting interaction with this receptor, which plays an important role in the activation of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elton Franceschi
- Nucleus of Studies in Colloidal Systems, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, Brazil
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Oliveira A, Oliveira LC, Aburjaile F, Benevides L, Tiwari S, Jamal SB, Silva A, Figueiredo HCP, Ghosh P, Portela RW, De Carvalho Azevedo VA, Wattam AR. Insight of Genus Corynebacterium: Ascertaining the Role of Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Species. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1937. [PMID: 29075239 PMCID: PMC5643470 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review gathers recent information about genomic and transcriptomic studies in the Corynebacterium genus, exploring, for example, prediction of pathogenicity islands and stress response in different pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. In addition, is described several phylogeny studies to Corynebacterium, exploring since the identification of species until biological speciation in one species belonging to the genus Corynebacterium. Important concepts associated with virulence highlighting the role of Pld protein and Tox gene. The adhesion, characteristic of virulence factor, was described using the sortase mechanism that is associated to anchorage to the cell wall. In addition, survival inside the host cell and some diseases, were too addressed for pathogenic corynebacteria, while important biochemical pathways and biotechnological applications retain the focus of this review for non-pathogenic corynebacteria. Concluding, this review broadly explores characteristics in genus Corynebacterium showing to have strong relevance inside the medical, veterinary, and biotechnology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Oliveira
- Molecular and Cellular Laboratory, General Biology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leticia C Oliveira
- Molecular and Cellular Laboratory, General Biology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flavia Aburjaile
- Center of Genomics and System Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Leandro Benevides
- Molecular and Cellular Laboratory, General Biology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Molecular and Cellular Laboratory, General Biology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Syed B Jamal
- Molecular and Cellular Laboratory, General Biology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Arthur Silva
- Center of Genomics and System Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Henrique C P Figueiredo
- Aquacen, National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computational Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ricardo W Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Bióloga, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahiaa, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vasco A De Carvalho Azevedo
- Molecular and Cellular Laboratory, General Biology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alice R Wattam
- Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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