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El-Didamony SE, Kalaba MH, Sharaf MH, El-Fakharany EM, Osman A, Sitohy M, Sitohy B. Melittin alcalase-hydrolysate: a novel chemically characterized multifunctional bioagent; antibacterial, anti-biofilm and anticancer. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1419917. [PMID: 39091304 PMCID: PMC11293514 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1419917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalent life-threatening microbial and cancer diseases and lack of effective pharmaceutical therapies created the need for new molecules with antimicrobial and anticancer potential. Bee venom (BV) was collected from honeybee workers, and melittin (NM) was extracted from BV and analyzed by urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (urea-PAGE). The isolated melittin was hydrolyzed with alcalase into new bioactive peptides and evaluated for their antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Gel filtration chromatography fractionated melittin hydrolysate (HM) into three significant fractions (F1, F2, and F3), that were characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and evaluated for their antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, antitumor, and anti-migration activities. All the tested peptides showed antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Melittin and its fractions significantly inhibited the proliferation of two types of cancer cells (Huh-7 and HCT 116). Yet, melittin and its fractions did not affect the viability of normal human lung Wi-38 cells. The IC50 and selectivity index data evidenced the superiority of melittin peptide fractions over intact melittin. Melittin enzymatic hydrolysate is a promising novel product with high potential as an antibacterial and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia E. El-Didamony
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Kalaba
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Sharaf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esmail M. El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ali Osman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection, and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Basel Sitohy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection, and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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2
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Ouyang M, Wu F, Hu C. Efficacy of Short Novel Antimicrobial Peptides in a Mouse Model of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Skin Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:508. [PMID: 38927175 PMCID: PMC11200854 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As the clinical application of antibiotics for bacterial skin infections in companion animals becomes increasingly prevalent, the issue of bacterial resistance has become more pronounced. Antimicrobial peptides, as a novel alternative to traditional antibiotics, have garnered widespread attention. In our study, synthetic peptides ADD-A and CBD3-ABU were tested against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius skin infections in KM mice. ADD-A was applied topically and through intraperitoneal injection, compared with control groups and treatments including CBD3-ABU, ampicillin sodium, and saline. Wound contraction, bacterial counts and histology were assessed on days 3 and 11 post-infection. ADD-A and ampicillin treatments significantly outperformed saline in wound healing (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.001, respectively). ADD-A also showed a markedly lower bacterial count than ampicillin (p < 0.0001). Histologically, ADD-A-applied wounds had better epidermal continuity and a thicker epidermis than normal, with restored follicles and sebaceous glands. ADD-A's effectiveness suggests it as a potential alternative to antibiotics for treating skin infections in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Changmin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.O.); (F.W.)
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3
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Lim BY, Azmi F, Ng SF. LL37 Microspheres Loaded on Activated Carbon-chitosan Hydrogel: Anti-bacterial and Anti-toxin Wound Dressing for Chronic Wound Infections. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:110. [PMID: 38740721 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide LL37 is a promising antibacterial candidate due to its potent antimicrobial activity with no known bacterial resistance. However, intrinsically LL37 is susceptible to degradation in wound fluids limits its effectiveness. Bacterial toxins which are released after cell lysis are found to hinder wound healing. To address these challenges, encapsulating LL37 in microspheres (MS) and loading the MS onto activated carbon (AC)-chitosan (CS) hydrogel. This advanced wound dressing not only protects LL37 from degradation but also targets bacterial toxins, aiding in the healing of chronic wound infections. First, LL37 MS and LL37-AC-CS hydrogel were prepared and characterised in terms of physicochemical properties, drug release, and peptide-polymer compatibility. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, bacterial toxin elimination, cell migration, and cell cytotoxicity activities were investigated. LL37-AC-CS hydrogel was effective against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. LL37-AC-CS hydrogel bound more endotoxin than AC with CS hydrogel alone. The hydrogel also induced cell migration after 72 h and showed no cytotoxicity towards NHDF after 72 h of treatment. In conclusion, the LL37-AC-CS hydrogel was shown to be a stable, non-toxic advanced wound dressing method with enhanced antimicrobial and antitoxin activity, and it can potentially be applied to chronic wound infections to accelerate wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee-Yee Lim
- National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency, 36, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, PJS 13, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 46200, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Fazren Azmi
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Shiow-Fern Ng
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia.
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4
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Sarkar T, Ghosh S, Sundaravadivelu PK, Pandit G, Debnath S, Thummer RP, Satpati P, Chatterjee S. Mechanism of Protease Resistance of D-Amino Acid Residue Containing Cationic Antimicrobial Heptapeptides. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:562-581. [PMID: 38294842 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been an alternate promising class of therapeutics in combating global antibiotic resistance threat. However, the short half-life of AMPs, owing to protease degradability, is one of the major bottlenecks in its commercial success. In this study, we have developed all-D-amino acid containing small cationic peptides P4C and P5C, which are completely protease-resistant, noncytotoxic, nonhemolytic, and potent against the ESKAPE pathogens in comparison to their L analogues. MD simulations suggested marginal improvement in the peptide-binding affinity to the membrane-mimetic SDS micelle (∼ 1 kcal/mol) in response to L → D conversion, corroborating the marginal improvement in the antimicrobial activity. However, L → D chirality conversion severely compromised the peptide:protease (trypsin) binding affinity (≥10 kcal/mol). The relative distance between the scissile peptide carbonyl and the catalytic triad of the protease (H57, D102, and S195) was found to be significantly altered in the D-peptide:protease complex (inactive conformation) relative to the active L-peptide:protease complex. Thus, the poor binding affinity between D-peptides and the protease, resulting in the inactive complex formation, explained their experimentally observed proteolytic stability. This mechanistic insight might be extended to the proteolytic stability of the D-peptides in general and stimulate the rational design of protease-resistant AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanumoy Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Suvankar Ghosh
- Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | - Gopal Pandit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Swapna Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Priyadarshi Satpati
- Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sunanda Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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5
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Verma H, Mihooliya KN, Nandal J, Sahoo DK. Studies on a new antimicrobial peptide from Vibrio proteolyticus MT110. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:193-206. [PMID: 37184469 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2209892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The marine environment is known for its vast diversity of the microbial population; however, less explored for bioactive compounds. In this study, an AMP produced by a new marine isolate, Vibrio proteolyticus MT110, showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The AMP was purified to homogeneity using ethyl acetate extraction followed by RP-HPLC, and LC-MS analysis showed its molecular weight as 980 Da. The MIC of AMP (peptide-MT110) was obtained in the 7.81-31.25 µg/mL range against different indicator strains. Peptide-MT110 showed stability of its antimicrobial activity at 15-121 °C and pH 4-10 and in the presence of various hydrolytic enzymes. The peaks at 1536 cm-1 and 1712 cm-1 wavenumbers in FTIR spectra confirmed the peptidic nature of AMP, and its amino acid analysis confirmed the presence of tyrosine and isoleucine. The antibacterial activity of peptide-MT110 is confirmed by PI assay and TEM. The optimization of peptide-MT110 production using statistical methods resulted in a 2.64-fold higher production. The physicochemical properties and stability in wide pH and temperature ranges showed the potential of peptide-MT110 for its development as a drug candidate. This is believed to be the first report on an AMP from Vibrio proteolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Verma
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanti N Mihooliya
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jitender Nandal
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debendra K Sahoo
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Accademy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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6
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Scoffone VC, Barbieri G, Irudal S, Trespidi G, Buroni S. New Antimicrobial Strategies to Treat Multi-Drug Resistant Infections Caused by Gram-Negatives in Cystic Fibrosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:71. [PMID: 38247630 PMCID: PMC10812592 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer from recurrent bacterial infections which induce inflammation, lung tissue damage and failure of the respiratory system. Prolonged exposure to combinatorial antibiotic therapies triggers the appearance of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The development of alternative antimicrobial strategies may provide a way to mitigate antimicrobial resistance. Here we discuss different alternative approaches to the use of classic antibiotics: anti-virulence and anti-biofilm compounds which exert a low selective pressure; phage therapies that represent an alternative strategy with a high therapeutic potential; new methods helping antibiotics activity such as adjuvants; and antimicrobial peptides and nanoparticle formulations. Their mechanisms and in vitro and in vivo efficacy are described, in order to figure out a complete landscape of new alternative approaches to fight MDR Gram-negative CF pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Buroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.S.); (G.B.); (S.I.); (G.T.)
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7
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Hong X, Liu X, Su B, Lin J. Improved Antimicrobial Activity of Bovine Lactoferrin Peptide (LFcinB) Based on Rational Design. Protein J 2023; 42:633-644. [PMID: 37568054 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Bovine lactoferrin peptide (LFcinB), as an antimicrobial peptide, is expected to be an alternative of antibiotics owing to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and specific mechanism. However, the weak antimicrobial activity, high hemolysis, and poor stability of LFcinB limited its applications in the field of biomedicine, food and agriculture. In order to improve the antimicrobial activity of LFcinB, five mutants were designed rationally, of which mutant LF4 (M10W/P16R/A24L) showed highest antimicrobial activity. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that the improved antimicrobial activity of LF4 was related to its increased cations, higher amphiphilicity and the extension of the β-sheet in the structure. These studies will highlight the important role of bioinformatic tools in designing ideal biopeptides and lay a foundation for further development of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Hong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Xueqian Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Bingmei Su
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
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8
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Okasha H, Dahroug H, Gouda AE, Shemis MA. A novel antibacterial approach of Cecropin-B peptide loaded on chitosan nanoparticles against MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1965-1980. [PMID: 37966500 PMCID: PMC10724327 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Egypt has witnessed the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae, which has posed a serious healthcare challenge. The proper treatment choice for MDR-KP infections is not well determined which renders the problem more complicated, thus making the control of such infections a serious challenge for healthcare professionals. This study aims to encapsulate the cationic antimicrobial peptide; Cecropin-B (Cec-B), to increase its lifetime, drug targeting, and efficacy and study the antimicrobial effect of free and encapsulated recombinant rCec-B peptide on multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae (MDR-KP) isolates. Fifty isolates were collected from different clinical departments at Theodore Bilharz Research Institute. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rCec-B against MDR-KP isolates were determined by the broth microdilution test. In addition, encapsulation of rCec-B peptide into chitosan nanoparticles and studying its bactericidal effect against MDR-KP isolates were also performed. The relative expression of efflux pump and porin coding genes (ArcrB, TolC, mtdK, and Ompk35) was detected by quantitative PCR in treated MDR-KP bacterial isolates compared to untreated isolates. Out of 60 clinical MDR isolates, 50 were MDR-KP. 60% of the isolates were XDR while 40% were MDR. rCec-B were bactericidal on 21 isolates, then these isolates were subjected to treatment using free nanocapsule in addition to the encapsulated peptide. Free capsules showed a mild cytotoxic effect on MDR-KP at the highest concentration. MIC of encapsulated rCec-B was higher than the free peptide. The expression level of genes encoding efflux and porin (ArcrB, TolC, mtdK, and Ompk35) was downregulated after treatment with encapsulated rCec-B. These findings indicate that encapsulated rCec-B is a promising candidate with potent antibacterial activities against drug-resistant K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Okasha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Heba Dahroug
- Microbiology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdullah E Gouda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abbas Shemis
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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9
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Skrzyniarz K, Kuc-Ciepluch D, Lasak M, Arabski M, Sanchez-Nieves J, Ciepluch K. Dendritic systems for bacterial outer membrane disruption as a method of overcoming bacterial multidrug resistance. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6421-6435. [PMID: 37605901 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01255g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The alarming rise of multi-drug resistant microorganisms has increased the need for new approaches through the development of innovative agents that are capable of attaching to the outer layers of bacteria and causing permanent damage by penetrating the bacterial outer membrane. The permeability (disruption) of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is now considered to be one of the main ways to overcome multidrug resistance in bacteria. Natural and synthetic permeabilizers such as AMPs and dendritic systems seem promising. However, due to their advantages in terms of biocompatibility, antimicrobial capacity, and wide possibilities for modification and synthesis, highly branched polymers and dendritic systems have gained much more interest in recent years. Various forms of arrangement, and structure of the skeleton, give dendritic systems versatile applications, especially the possibility of attaching other ligands to their surface. This review will focus on the mechanisms used by different types of dendritic polymers, and their complexes with macromolecules to enhance their antimicrobial effect, and to permeabilize the bacterial outer membrane. In addition, future challenges and potential prospects are illustrated in the hope of accelerating the advancement of nanomedicine in the fight against resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Skrzyniarz
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | | | - Magdalena Lasak
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Michał Arabski
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Javier Sanchez-Nieves
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR, UAH), Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karol Ciepluch
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
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10
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Rousel J, Saghari M, Pagan L, Nădăban A, Gambrah T, Theelen B, de Kam ML, Haakman J, van der Wall HEC, Feiss GL, Niemeyer-van der Kolk T, Burggraaf J, Bouwstra JA, Rissmann R, van Doorn MBA. Treatment with the Topical Antimicrobial Peptide Omiganan in Mild-to-Moderate Facial Seborrheic Dermatitis versus Ketoconazole and Placebo: Results of a Randomized Controlled Proof-of-Concept Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14315. [PMID: 37762625 PMCID: PMC10531869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythematous and scaly lesions on the skin with high sebaceous gland activity. The yeast Malassezia is regarded as a key pathogenic driver in this disease, but increased Staphylococcus abundances and barrier dysfunction are implicated as well. Here, we evaluated the antimicrobial peptide omiganan as a treatment for SD since it has shown both antifungal and antibacterial activity. A randomized, patient- and evaluator-blinded trial was performed comparing the four-week, twice daily topical administration of omiganan 1.75%, the comparator ketoconazole 2.00%, and placebo in patients with mild-to-moderate facial SD. Safety was monitored, and efficacy was determined by clinical scoring complemented with imaging. Microbial profiling was performed, and barrier integrity was assessed by trans-epidermal water loss and ceramide lipidomics. Omiganan was safe and well tolerated but did not result in a significant clinical improvement of SD, nor did it affect other biomarkers, compared to the placebo. Ketoconazole significantly reduced the disease severity compared to the placebo, with reduced Malassezia abundances, increased microbial diversity, restored skin barrier function, and decreased short-chain ceramide Cer[NSc34]. No significant decreases in Staphylococcus abundances were observed compared to the placebo. Omiganan is well tolerated but not efficacious in the treatment of facial SD. Previously established antimicrobial and antifungal properties of omiganan could not be demonstrated. Our multimodal characterization of the response to ketoconazole has reaffirmed previous insights into its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Rousel
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mahdi Saghari
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Pagan
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreea Nădăban
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Gambrah
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jorine Haakman
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke A. Bouwstra
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn B. A. van Doorn
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Han W, Camesano TA. LL37-Derived Fragments Improve the Antibacterial Potential of Penicillin G and Ampicillin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1398. [PMID: 37760695 PMCID: PMC10525415 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are a severe threat to public health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are novel and potential antimicrobials with specific antibacterial mechanisms. Our aim was to study the potential of LL37, FK16, and FK13 to enhance the anti-MRSA activity of antibiotics in vitro, particularly penicillin G and ampicillin. Our results showed that FK16 and FK13 have more synergistic inhibitory effects to MRSA strains when combined with penicillin G and ampicillin. In addition, AMPs exhibited strong membrane permeabilizing properties, and membrane permeabilizing effects can provide a possible explanation for the improved antibacterial effects of antibiotics, since permeabilizing AMPs have the potential to increase the access of antibiotics. To further study the electrostatic interactions among cationic AMPs with negatively charged bacteria, we measured the zeta potentials of three MRSA strains and also neutralized three MRSA strains with the addition of cationic AMPs. Further, we demonstrated the connection between membrane permeabilization and zeta potential neutralization. Finally, we treated MRSA strains with AMPs and characterized the MICs of penicillin G and ampicillin. FK16 was the most promising AMP among the three AMPs, since exposure to FK16 decreased the MICs of both penicillin G and ampicillin for all MRSA strains and also demonstrated more synergistic combinations when combined with antibiotics. AMP exposure and subsequent membrane permeabilization provide a possible pathway to re-sensitize drug-resistant bacteria to traditional antibiotics. Re-sensitization may help preserve the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics, thus providing a potential new strategy for fighting MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terri A. Camesano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;
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12
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Punginelli D, Catania V, Abruscato G, Luparello C, Vazzana M, Mauro M, Cunsolo V, Saletti R, Di Francesco A, Arizza V, Schillaci D. New Bioactive Peptides from the Mediterranean Seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile and Their Impact on Antimicrobial Activity and Apoptosis of Human Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5650. [PMID: 36982723 PMCID: PMC10056643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for new molecules to counter bacterial resistance to antibiotics and tumor cell resistance is increasingly pressing. The Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica is considered a promising source of new bioactive molecules. Polypeptide-enriched fractions of rhizomes and green leaves of the seagrass were tested against Gram-positive (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli), as well as towards the yeast Candida albicans. The aforementioned extracts showed indicative MIC values, ranging from 1.61 μg/mL to 7.5 μg/mL, against the selected pathogens. Peptide fractions were further analyzed through a high-resolution mass spectrometry and database search, which identified nine novel peptides. Some discovered peptides and their derivatives were chemically synthesized and tested in vitro. The assays identified two synthetic peptides, derived from green leaves and rhizomes of P. oceanica, which revealed interesting antibiofilm activity towards S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa (BIC50 equal to 17.7 μg/mL and 70.7 μg/mL). In addition, the natural and derivative peptides were also tested for potential cytotoxic and apoptosis-promoting effects on HepG2 cells, derived from human hepatocellular carcinomas. One natural and two synthetic peptides were proven to be effective against the "in vitro" liver cancer cell model. These novel peptides could be considered a good chemical platform for developing potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Punginelli
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Catania
- Department of Earth and Sea Science (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Blg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Abruscato
- Section of Cell Biology, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Blg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Section of Cell Biology, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Blg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Section of Animal Biology and Anthropology, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Section of Animal Biology and Anthropology, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Saletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Francesco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Section of Animal Biology and Anthropology, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Schillaci
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Al Tall Y, Al-Nassar B, Abualhaijaa A, Sabi SH, Almaaytah A. The design and functional characterization of a novel hybrid antimicrobial peptide from Esculentin-1a and melittin. PHARMACIA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.70.e97116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are one of the most widely used drugs in medicine. In the last fifty years, the misuse of these agents caused the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria that led to an increase in life-threatening infections. The need to develop new agents has become a priority, and antimicrobial peptides attained high consideration. The antimicrobial activities of a novel In-house designed hybrid cationic peptide (BKR1) were studied against different strains of Gram-negative bacteria. This was done using the broth dilution method as outlined by the Clinical and Laboratory Institute (CLSI). Checkerboard assy was employed to investigate the synergistic activity of BKR1 peptide with four antibiotics (Levofloxacin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, and ampicillin). Finally, the cytotoxicity of BKR1 was evaluated against human blood cells and mammalian kidney cells (Vero cells). BKR1 displayed bactericidal activity against tested strains of Gram-negative bacteria, with zero hemolytic effects. It also acts as a strong adjuvant with levofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and rifampicin against resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and E. coli. This study represents the design and elucidation of the antimicrobial activities of a novel hybrid antimicrobial peptide named (BKR1). Our results indicate thar BKR1 is a promising candidate to treat resistant infectious diseases individually or as an adjuvant with conventional antibiotics.
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Synergy between Human Peptide LL-37 and Polymyxin B against Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020389. [PMID: 36830299 PMCID: PMC9952724 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in antimicrobial resistant bacteria is limiting the number of effective treatments for bacterial infections. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are two of the pathogens with the highest prevalence of resistance, and with the greatest need for new antimicrobial agents. Combinations of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and antibiotics that display synergistic effects have been shown to be an effective strategy in the development of novel therapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated the synergy between the AMP LL-37 and various classes of antibiotics against E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains. Of the six antibiotics tested (ampicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, aztreonam, and polymyxin B (PMB)), LL-37 displayed the strongest synergy against E. coli MG1655 and P. aeruginosa PAO1 laboratory strains when combined with PMB. Given the strong synergy, the PMB + LL-37 combination was chosen for further examination where it demonstrated synergy against multidrug-resistant and clinical E. coli isolates. Synergy of PMB + LL-37 towards clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa varied and showed synergistic, additive, or indifferent effects. The PMB + LL-37 combination treatment showed significant prevention of biofilm formation as well as eradication of pre-grown E. coli and P. aeruginosa biofilms. Using the Galleria mellonella wax worm model, we showed that the PMB + LL-37 combination treatment retained its antibacterial capacities in vivo. Flow analyses were performed to characterize the mode of action. The results of the present study provide proof of principle for the synergistic response between LL-37 and PMB and give novel insights into a promising new antimicrobial combination against gram-negative planktonic and biofilm cells.
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Bonfield TL, Sutton MT, Fletcher DR, Reese-Koc J, Roesch EA, Lazarus HM, Chmiel JF, Caplan AI. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell (hMSC) Donor Potency Selection for the "First in Cystic Fibrosis" Phase I Clinical Trial (CEASE-CF). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:220. [PMID: 37259368 PMCID: PMC9960767 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell (hMSC) immunotherapy has been shown to provide both anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effectiveness in a variety of diseases. The clinical potency of hMSCs is based upon an initial direct hMSC effect on the pro-inflammatory and anti-microbial pathophysiology as well as sustained potency through orchestrating the host immunity to optimize the resolution of infection and tissue damage. Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients suffer from a lung disease characterized by excessive inflammation and chronic infection as well as a variety of other systemic anomalies associated with the consequences of abnormal cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function. The application of hMSC immunotherapy to the CF clinical armamentarium is important even in the era of modulators when patients with an established disease still need anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial therapies. Additionally, people with CF mutations not addressed by current modulator resources need anti-inflammation and anti-infection management. Furthermore, hMSCs possess dynamic therapeutic properties, but the potency of their products is highly variable with respect to their anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects. Due to the variability of hMSC products, we utilized standardized in vitro and in vivo models to select hMSC donor preparations with the greatest potential for clinical efficacy. The models that were used recapitulate many of the pathophysiologic outcomes associated with CF. We applied this strategy in pursuit of identifying the optimal donor to utilize for the "First in CF" Phase I clinical trial of hMSCs as an immunotherapy and anti-microbial therapy for people with cystic fibrosis. The hMSCs screened in this study demonstrated significant diversity in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory function using models which mimic some aspects of CF infection and inflammation. However, the variability in activity between in vitro potency and in vivo effectiveness continues to be refined. Future studies require and in-depth pursuit of hMSC molecular signatures that ultimately predict the capacity of hMSCs to function in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L. Bonfield
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, National Center Regenerative Medicine and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 822, Cleveland, OH 444106, USA
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 444106, USA
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Morgan T. Sutton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, National Center Regenerative Medicine and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 822, Cleveland, OH 444106, USA
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 444106, USA
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Saint Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David R. Fletcher
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, National Center Regenerative Medicine and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 822, Cleveland, OH 444106, USA
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jane Reese-Koc
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 444106, USA
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Erica A. Roesch
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hillard M. Lazarus
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 444106, USA
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - James F. Chmiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Arnold I. Caplan
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 444106, USA
- Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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In Vitro Pharmacokinetics of LL-37 and Oncorhyncin II Combination Against Acinetobacter baumannii. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm-131299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been introduced as a viable alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of MDR pathogens. Objectives: This study was designed to assess the in vitro pharmacokinetics of the combination of two potent AMPs, LL-37 and oncorhyncin II, against A. baumannii (ATCC19606). Methods: The synthesized genes of oncorhyncin II and LL-37 were introduced into Escherichia coli BL21 as the expression host. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), time-kills, and growth kinetics of these peptides were used to evaluate their antimicrobial efficiencies against A. baumannii (ATCC19606). Results: LL-37 and oncorhyncin II recombinant peptides showed MIC of 30.6 and 95.87 µg/mL against A. baumannii, respectively. Additive action was confirmed by combining the generated AMPs at the checkerboard approach. The combination of LL-37 and oncorhyncin II at 2 × MIC resulted in a rapid drop in log10 CFU/mL of A. baumannii in the time-kill and growth kinetic findings studies. Conclusions: The combination of the produced LL-37 and oncorhyncin II synergizes the bioactivity of the individual peptides. Therefore, these peptides or their combinations might function as novel antibiotics and be used to develop and produce new antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infections caused by A. baumannii.
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Mao C, Wang Y, Yang Y, Li L, Yuan K, Cao H, Qiu Z, Guo G, Wu J, Peng J. Cec4-Derived Peptide Inhibits Planktonic and Biofilm-Associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0240922. [PMID: 36453944 PMCID: PMC9769716 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02409-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is part of the normal microbiota that colonizes the skin and mucosal surfaces of human beings. Previous studies suggested that S. epidermidis possessed low virulence, but recent studies confirmed that it can acquire high virulence from Staphylococcus aureus and with the increasing detection of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis. It has become a major pathogen of graft-associated and hospital-acquired infections. In previous studies, we modified the antimicrobial peptide Cec4 (41 amino acids) and obtained the derived peptide C9 (16 amino acids) showing better antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis with an MIC value of 8 μg/mL. The peptide has rapid bactericidal activity without detectable high-level resistance, showing certain inhibition and eradication ability on S. epidermidis biofilms. The damage of cell membrane structures by C9 was observed by scanning emission microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, C9 altered the S. epidermidis cell membrane permeability, depolarization levels, fluidity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and possessed the ability to bind genomic DNA. Analysis of the transcriptional profiles of C9-treated cells revealed changes in genes involved in cell wall and ribosome biosynthesis, membrane protein transport, oxidative stress, and DNA transcription regulation. At the same time, the median lethal dose of C9 in mice was more than 128 mg/kg, and the intraperitoneal administration of 64 mg/kg was less toxic to the liver and kidneys of mice. Furthermore, C9 also showed a certain therapeutic effect on the mouse bacteremia model. In conclusion, C9 may be a candidate drug against S. epidermidis, which has the potential to be further developed as an antibacterial therapeutic agent. IMPORTANCE S. epidermidis is one of the most important pathogens of graft-related infection and hospital-acquired infection. The growing problem of antibiotic resistance, as well as the emergence of bacterial pathogenicity, highlights the need for antimicrobials with new modes of action. Antimicrobial peptides have been extensively studied over the past 30 years as ideal alternatives to antibiotics, and we report here that the derived peptide C9 is characterized by rapid bactericidal and antibiofilm activity, avoiding the development of resistance by acting on multiple nonspecific targets of the cell membrane or cell components. In addition, it has therapeutic potential against S. epidermidis infection in vivo. This study provides a rationale for the further development and application of C9 as an effective candidate antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengju Mao
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kexin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huijun Cao
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhilang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianwei Wu
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Efficacy of Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Combined with Silver Ions against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Clinical Isolates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415826. [PMID: 36555465 PMCID: PMC9779286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health problem that results in high morbidity and mortality rates. In particular, multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains circulating in hospital settings pose a major threat as they are associated with serious nosocomial infections. Therefore, regular cleaning and disinfection procedures, usually using chemical disinfectants, must be implemented in these facilities. Hydrogen peroxide (HP)-based disinfectants have proven high microbicidal activity and several comparative advantages over conventional disinfectants. We assessed the in vitro biocidal activity of an 8% HP solution combined with 30 mg/L silver ions (HP + Ag) against MDR clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDRKp) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPa), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Accordingly, the in vitro antibacterial activity was determined using the macrodilution method, and the efficacy was determined for 30 min in terms of (1) activity on bacteria in suspension and (2) activity on surfaces using vaporized HP + Ag on a 20 cm2 stainless steel surface. A strong bactericidal effect of HP + Ag was observed against MDRKp, MDRPa, and MRSA strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations between 362.5 and 5800 mg/L. A strong effect was observed during the 30 min of HP + Ag exposure to the resistant clinical isolates, with over 4-Log10 reduction in CFUs. Regarding the efficacy of the disinfectant on surfaces, bacterial load reductions of >99% were observed. These results suggest that HP + Ag is potentially useful as an effective disinfectant for decontaminating surfaces in hospital settings suspected of contamination with MDR bacteria.
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C S, G. R R, L. F L, M.C.G DR, N.B C, S.C D, O. L F. Advances and perspectives for antimicrobial peptide and combinatory therapies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1051456. [PMID: 36578509 PMCID: PMC9791095 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1051456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown cell membrane-directed mechanisms of action. This specificity can be effective against infectious agents that have acquired resistance to conventional drugs. The AMPs' membrane-specificity and their great potential to combat resistant microbes has brought hope to the medical/therapeutic scene. The high death rate worldwide due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has pushed forward the search for new molecules and product developments, mainly antibiotics. In the current scenario, other strategies including the association of two or more drugs have contributed to the treatment of difficult-to-treat infectious diseases, above all, those caused by bacteria. In this context, the synergistic action of AMPs associated with current antibiotic therapy can bring important results for the production of new and effective drugs to overcome AMR. This review presents the advances obtained in the last 5 years in medical/antibiotic therapy, with the use of products based on AMPs, as well as perspectives on the potentialized effects of current drugs combined with AMPs for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos C
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Rodrigues G. R
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímica (CAPB), Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lima L. F
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímica (CAPB), Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - dos Reis M.C.G
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímica (CAPB), Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Cunha N.B
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímica (CAPB), Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária (FAV), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Dias S.C
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímica (CAPB), Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Animal, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Franco O. L
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímica (CAPB), Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
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Jouault A, Saliba AM, Touqui L. Modulation of the immune response by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type-III secretion system. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1064010. [PMID: 36519135 PMCID: PMC9742435 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1064010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause critical cellular damage and subvert the immune response to promote its survival. Among the numerous virulence factors of P. aeruginosa, the type III secretion system (T3SS) is involved in host cell pathogenicity. Using a needle-like structure, T3SS detects eukaryotic cells and injects toxins directly into their cytosol, thus highlighting its ability to interfere with the host immune response. In this mini-review, we discuss how the T3SS and bacterial effectors secreted by this pathway not only activate the immune response but can also manipulate it to promote the establishment of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albane Jouault
- Mucoviscidose: Phénotypique et Phénogénomique, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Paris, France,Département Santé Globale, Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathie Chroniques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Albane Jouault,
| | - Alessandra Mattos Saliba
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Mucoviscidose: Phénotypique et Phénogénomique, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Paris, France,Département Santé Globale, Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathie Chroniques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Short Analogues of the Marine Antimicrobial Peptide Turgencin A: Effects of SAR Optimizations, Cys-Cys Cyclization and Lipopeptide Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213844. [PMID: 36430320 PMCID: PMC9696794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesised short analogues of the marine antimicrobial peptide Turgencin A from the colonial Arctic ascidian Synoicum turgens. In this study, we focused on a central, cationic 12-residue Cys-Cys loop region within the sequence. Modified (tryptophan- and arginine-enriched) linear peptides were compared with Cys-Cys cyclic derivatives, and both linear and Cys-cyclic peptides were N-terminally acylated with octanoic acid (C8), decanoic acid (C10) or dodecanoic acid (C12). The highest antimicrobial potency was achieved by introducing dodecanoic acid to a cyclic Turgencin A analogue with low intrinsic hydrophobicity, and by introducing octanoic acid to a cyclic analogue displaying a higher intrinsic hydrophobicity. Among all tested synthetic Turgencin A lipopeptide analogues, the most promising candidates regarding both antimicrobial and haemolytic activity were C12-cTurg-1 and C8-cTurg-2. These optimized cyclic lipopeptides displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and the fungus Rhodothorula sp. Mode of action studies on bacteria showed a rapid membrane disruption and bactericidal effect of the cyclic lipopeptides. Haemolytic activity against human erythrocytes was low, indicating favorable selective targeting of bacterial cells.
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Chen X, Han J, Cai X, Wang S. Antimicrobial peptides: Sustainable application informed by evolutionary constraints. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108012. [PMID: 35752270 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation and global expansion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have deepened the need to develop novel antimicrobials. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are regarded as promising antibacterial agents because of their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and multifaceted mechanisms of action with non-specific targets. However, if AMPs are to be applied sustainably, knowledge of how they induce resistance in pathogenic bacteria must be mastered to avoid repeating the traditional antibiotic resistance mistakes currently faced. Furthermore, the evolutionary constraints on the acquisition of AMP resistance by microorganisms in the natural environment, such as functional compatibility and fitness trade-offs, inform the translational application of AMPs. Consequently, the shortcut to achieve sustainable utilization of AMPs is to uncover the evolutionary constraints of bacteria on AMP resistance in nature and find the tricks to exploit these constraints, such as applying AMP cocktails to minimize the efficacy of selection for resistance or combining nanomaterials to maximize the costs of AMP resistance. Altogether, this review dissects the benefits, challenges, and opportunities of utilizing AMPs against disease-causing bacteria, and highlights the use of AMP cocktails or nanomaterials to proactively address potential AMP resistance crises in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jinzhi Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xixi Cai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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Ghapanvari P, Taheri M, Jalilian FA, Dehbashi S, Dezfuli AAZ, Arabestani MR. The effect of nisin on the biofilm production, antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:173. [PMID: 36076252 PMCID: PMC9461124 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common bacteria in nosocomial infections. Different bacteriocins are currently being studied as antibiotics or in conjunction with antibiotics as potential strategies to treat resistant infectious agents. The study aimed to determine nisin's effect on the biofilm production, antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm formation of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Materials and methods The experimental research tested two antibiotic-resistant isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains. The experimental study tested two antibiotic-resistant isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains. The MIC of bacteriocin nisin was determined using the micro broth dilution method, and crystal violet was used to assess the effect of bacteriocin on the biofilm. In addition, L929 cell culture was used to determine the effectiveness of bacteriocin on the isolate under similar cell conditions. Moreover, the MTT assay was used to and evaluate bacteriocin toxicity. In this study, the software Prism version 9 and Graph pad software were utilized. Results The results of this study reveal that the nisin has different activities at different doses and is considered dose-dependent. At various times and doses, nisin inhibits biofilm formation in S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa isolates. Nisin also showed a decreasing survival of the isolates. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be made more vulnerable by nisin. Furthermore, nisin treatment affected the production of virulence factors such as hemolysins in S. aureus and had little or a negative effect on P. aeruginosa virulence factors. This medication stops S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from growing and causes bacterial cell damage. Conclusions Antibacterial properties of nicin against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were successfully studied. This bacteriocin stops S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from growing and causes bacterial cell damage or death. Damage to the membrane among the fundamental causes is reduced membrane potential and enzyme inactivation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40001-022-00804-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnia Ghapanvari
- Microbiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Pajoohesh junction, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Microbiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Pajoohesh junction, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farid Aziz Jalilian
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Hamadan, Pajoohesh junction, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dehbashi
- Microbiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Pajoohesh junction, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Microbiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Pajoohesh junction, Hamadan, Iran. .,School of Medicine, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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24
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da Costa RA, Andrade IEPC, Pinto OHB, de Souza BBP, Fulgêncio DLA, Mendonça ML, Kurokawa AS, Ortega DB, Carvalho LS, Krüger RH, Ramada MHS, Barreto CC. A novel family of non-secreted tridecaptin lipopeptide produced by Paenibacillus elgii. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1477-1489. [PMID: 35864259 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria from the genus Paenibacillus make a variety of antimicrobial compounds, including lipopeptides produced by a non-ribosomal synthesis mechanism (NRPS). In the present study, we show the genomic and phenotypical characterization of Paenibacillus elgii AC13 which makes three groups of small molecules: the antimicrobial pelgipeptins and two other families of peptides that have not been described in P. elgii. A family of lipopeptides with [M + H]+ 1664, 1678, 1702, and 1717 m/z was purified from the culture cell fraction. Partial characterization revealed that they are similar to tridecaptin from P. terrae. However, they present amino acid chain modifications in positions 3, 7, and 10. These new variants were named tridecaptin G1, G2, G3, and G4. Furthermore, a gene cluster was identified in P. elgii AC13 genome, revealing high similarity to the tridecaptin-NRPS gene cluster from P. terrae. Tridecaptin G1 and G2 showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia (including a multidrug-resistant strain), Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Tri G3 did not show antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans at all tested concentrations. An intriguing feature of this family of lipopeptides is that it was only observed in the cell fraction of the P. elgii AC13 culture, which could be a result of the amino acid sequence modifications presented in these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane Andrade da Costa
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, SGAN 916, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil
| | | | - Otávio Henrique Bezerra Pinto
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Luíza Albano Fulgêncio
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, SGAN 916, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Marise Leite Mendonça
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, SGAN 916, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Adriane Silva Kurokawa
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, SGAN 916, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barros Ortega
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, SGAN 916, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Environmental Technology and Water Resources, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, SG-12, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Carvalho
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Henrique Krüger
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Soller Ramada
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, SGAN 916, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, SGAN 916, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Cristine Chaves Barreto
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, SGAN 916, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil.
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25
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Lu Y, Tian H, Chen R, Liu Q, Jia K, Hu DL, Chen H, Ye C, Peng L, Fang R. Synergistic Antimicrobial Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides CATH-1, CATH-3, and PMAP-36 With Erythromycin Against Bacterial Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:953720. [PMID: 35910608 PMCID: PMC9335283 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.953720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative drugs or adjuvants of antibiotics to enhance antibacterial efficiency. The combination of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and traditional antibiotics is a potential alternative to enhance antibacterial efficiency. In this study, we investigated the synergistic bactericidal effect of AMPs, including chicken (CATH-1,−2,−3, and -B1), mice (CRAMP), and porcine (PMAP-36 and PR-39) in combination with conventional antibiotics containing ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and erythromycin against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, and Escherichia coli. The results showed that the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CATH-1,−3 and PMAP-36 was lower than 10 μM, indicating that these three AMPs had good bacterial activity against S. aureus, S. enteritidis, and E. coli. Then, the synergistic antibacterial activity of AMPs and antibiotics combination was determined by the fractional bactericidal concentration index (FBCI). The results showed that the FBCI of AMPs (CATH-1,−3 and PMAP-36) and erythromycin was lower than 0.5 against bacterial pathogens, demonstrating that they had a synergistic bactericidal effect. Furthermore, the time-killing kinetics of AMPs (CATH-1,−3 and PMAP-36) in combination with erythromycin showed that they had a continuous killing effect on bacteria within 3 h. Notably, the combination showed lower hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity to mammal cells compared to erythromycin and peptide alone treatment. In addition, the antibacterial mechanism of CATH-1 and erythromycin combination against E. coli was studied. The results of the scanning electron microscope showed that CATH-1 enhanced the antibacterial activity of erythromycin by increasing the permeability of bacterial cell membrane. Moreover, the results of bacterial migration movement showed that the combination of CATH-1 and erythromycin significantly inhibits the migration of E. coli. Finally, drug resistance analysis was performed and the results showed that CATH-1 delayed the emergence of E. coli resistance to erythromycin. In conclusion, the combination of CATH-1 and erythromycin has synergistic antibacterial activity and reduces the emergence of bacterial drug resistance. Our study provides valuable information to develop AMPs as potential substitutes or adjuvants for traditional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongliang Tian
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Runqiu Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaixiang Jia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Liang Hu
- Department of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianci Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Lianci Peng
| | - Rendong Fang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Rendong Fang
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26
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Antimicrobial Activity of the Serum before and after Vaccination with EpiVacCorona. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:354-360. [PMID: 35852689 PMCID: PMC9294802 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of vaccination with anti-COVID-19 vaccine EpiVacCorona on serum antimicrobial activity, formation of specific IgG antibodies, and expression of some antimicrobial peptides. Antimicrobial activity of the serum from 55 volunteers towards S. aureus cells was measured spectrophotometrically; IgG-antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigen were assayed by ELISA; expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides LL37, HBD1, and HBD2 was evaluated by PCR with reverse transcription. Total antimicrobial serum activity and activity of its low-molecular-weight fraction containing antimicrobial peptides demonstrated an inverse correlation. Both activities after vaccination increased in case of low initial values, but decreased in case of high initial values. The vector of change of specific IgG antibodies to coronavirus inversely correlated with the vector of change of activity of antimicrobial peptide fraction. The expression of genes of antimicrobial peptides LL37, HBD1, and HBD2 looked like normal distribution depending on activities of the antimicrobial peptides in the corresponding sera.
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27
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Ajayakumar N, Narayanan P, Anitha AK, R MK, Kumar S. Membrane disruptive action of cationic anti-bacterial peptide B1CTcu3. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200239. [PMID: 35713298 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A twenty-two-residue peptide Brevinin1 Clinotarsus curtipus-3 (B1CTcu3), identified from the skin secretion of frog Clinotarsus curtipes of the Western Ghats, exhibited a broad range of antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It showed anti-biofilm activity even at sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (sub-MIC) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Analysis of the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images, confocal images, flow cytometric data and the effect of salt concentration on antibacterial potency suggests that the killing action of the peptide is through the membranolytic process. Single channel electric recording confirmed that the peptide elicited pores on the bacterial cell membrane as it induces a heterogeneous channel in the lipid bilayer. It also showed cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell with IC50 of 25µM. B1CTcu3 peptide could serve as the template for next-generation antibacterial agents, particularly against antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Ajayakumar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Chemical Biology Lab, RGCB-BIO innovation centre, Kinfra film and video park, Chandavila, kazhakoottam, 695523, trivandrum, INDIA
| | - Pratibha Narayanan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Chemical Biology Lab, rgcb-BIC Innovation Centre, Kinfra film and video park, Chandavila, Kazhakoottam, 695523, Trivandrum, INDIA
| | - Anju Krishnan Anitha
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Chemical Biology Lab, RGCB-BIC Innovation Centre, Kinfra film and video park, Chandavila, Kazhakoottam, 695523, Trivandrum, INDIA
| | - Mahendran Kozhinjampara R
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Membrane biology lab, RGCB-BIC Innovation centre, Kinfra film and video park, chandavila, kazhakoottam, 695523, rivandrum, INDIA
| | - Santhosh Kumar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Chemical Biology, Poojappura, 695014, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA
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28
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Combination effect of epsilon-poly-L-lysine and antibiotics against common bacterial pathogens. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022; 75:354-359. [PMID: 35459856 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epsilon-poly-L-lysine (EPL) is an antimicrobial peptide with low mammalian toxicity; thus, it is commonly used as food preservative. Here, the capacity of EPL to improve the efficacy of the antibiotics ampicillin (AMP), gentamycin (GEN), tetracycline (TCN), and methicillin (MET) against four bacterial pathogens, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43, MET-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MSSA), and MET-resistant S. aureus ATCC 33591 (MRSA), was investigated. Some antibiotic-EPL combinations, i.e., AMP-EPL, GEN-EPL, and TCN-EPL, were particularly active against the pathogens through synergy, partial synergy, or additive effects. Additionally, MET-EPL displayed a partial synergistic effect against MRSA. GEN-EPL had the most powerful antimicrobial effect against MSSA: it eradicated the bacterium within an hour. Conversely, AMP-EPL and MET-EPL were the least potent combinations against MRSA, and TCN-EPL was least potent against K. pneumoniae; for these combinations, bactericidal activities occurred >10 h after initial treatments. All antibiotic-EPL treatments showed inhibitory activities against P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and enhanced preformed biofilm disruption in vitro. Similarly, the inhibition of biofilm formation on a porcine skin model was observed. Moreover, no significant cytotoxicity was detected for any antibiotic-EPL treatment in tests using Balb/3t3 fibroblasts. Given the rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, combining antibiotics with EPL may enhance antibiotic effectiveness, as shown in this study, while helping to avoid antimicrobial resistance.
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29
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Park S, Lee JH, Kim YG, Hu L, Lee J. Fatty Acids as Aminoglycoside Antibiotic Adjuvants Against Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:876932. [PMID: 35633672 PMCID: PMC9133387 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.876932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids have diverse functions in the vast majority of cells. At high doses, they act as antimicrobials while, at low doses, they exhibit antibiofilm and antivirulence activities. In this study, the synergistic antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of 30 fatty acids and 11 antibiotics were investigated against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Of the 15 saturated and 15 unsaturated fatty acids examined, 16 enhanced the antibacterial activity of tobramycin. Combinatorial treatment with myristoleic acid (the most active) at 10 μg/ml and tobramycin at 10 μg/ml decreased cell survival by >4 log as compared with tobramycin treatment alone. Notably, aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as tobramycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and streptomycin exhibited antimicrobial synergy with myristoleic acid. Co-treatment with myristoleic acid and antibiotics markedly decreased biofilm formation. Interestingly, co-treatment with tobramycin and myristoleic acid induced a reduction in S. aureus cell size. These results suggest that fatty acids, particularly myristoleic acid, can be used as aminoglycoside antibiotic adjuvants against recalcitrant S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Liangbin Hu
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jintae Lee,
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30
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Castillo-Juárez I, Blancas-Luciano BE, García-Contreras R, Fernández-Presas AM. Antimicrobial peptides properties beyond growth inhibition and bacterial killing. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12667. [PMID: 35116194 PMCID: PMC8785659 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are versatile molecules with broad antimicrobial activity produced by representatives of the three domains of life. Also, there are derivatives of AMPs and artificial short peptides that can inhibit microbial growth. Beyond killing microbes, AMPs at grow sub-inhibitory concentrations also exhibit anti-virulence activity against critical pathogenic bacteria, including ESKAPE pathogens. Anti-virulence therapies are an alternative to antibiotics since they do not directly affect viability and growth, and they are considered less likely to generate resistance. Bacterial biofilms significantly increase antibiotic resistance and are linked to establishing chronic infections. Various AMPs can kill biofilm cells and eradicate infections in animal models. However, some can inhibit biofilm formation and promote dispersal at sub-growth inhibitory concentrations. These examples are discussed here, along with those of peptides that inhibit the expression of traits controlled by quorum sensing, such as the production of exoproteases, phenazines, surfactants, toxins, among others. In addition, specific targets that are determinants of virulence include secretion systems (type II, III, and VI) responsible for releasing effector proteins toxic to eukaryotic cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the anti-virulence properties of AMPs and the future directions of their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Castillo-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Blanca Esther Blancas-Luciano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Fernández-Presas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
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31
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Escobar‐Salom M, Torrens G, Jordana‐Lluch E, Oliver A, Juan C. Mammals' humoral immune proteins and peptides targeting the bacterial envelope: from natural protection to therapeutic applications against multidrug‐resistant
Gram
‐negatives. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1005-1037. [PMID: 35043558 PMCID: PMC9304279 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian innate immunity employs several humoral ‘weapons’ that target the bacterial envelope. The threats posed by the multidrug‐resistant ‘ESKAPE’ Gram‐negative pathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) are forcing researchers to explore new therapeutic options, including the use of these immune elements. Here we review bacterial envelope‐targeting (peptidoglycan and/or membrane‐targeting) proteins/peptides of the mammalian immune system that are most likely to have therapeutic applications. Firstly we discuss their general features and protective activity against ESKAPE Gram‐negatives in the host. We then gather, integrate, and discuss recent research on experimental therapeutics harnessing their bactericidal power, based on their exogenous administration and also on the discovery of bacterial and/or host targets that improve the performance of this endogenous immunity, as a novel therapeutic concept. We identify weak points and knowledge gaps in current research in this field and suggest areas for future work to obtain successful envelope‐targeting therapeutic options to tackle the challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Escobar‐Salom
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Gabriel Torrens
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Elena Jordana‐Lluch
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
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32
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Xiao L, Yang X, Li J, Zhang P, Tang S, Cao D, Chen S, Li H, Zhang W, Chen G, Ni G, Wang T, Liu X. Caerin 1 Peptides, the Potential Jack-of-All-Trades for the Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infection Treatment and Cancer Immunotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7841219. [PMID: 35445137 PMCID: PMC9015854 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7841219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance-related bacterial infections and cancers become huge challenges in human health in the 21st century. A number of naturally derived antimicrobial peptides possess multiple functions in host defense, including anti-infective and anticancer activities. One of which is known as the caerin 1 family peptides. The microbicidal properties of these peptides have been long discussed. The recent studies also established the usage of two members in this family, caerin 1.1 and caerin 1.9, in antimultiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria species. It is increasingly evident that caerin 1.1 and caerin 1.9 also contain additional activities in the suppression of tumor. In this review, we briefly outline the therapeutic potentials and possible mechanism of action of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 in the treatment of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Zhongao Biomedical Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Junjie Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Shuxian Tang
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Dongmin Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Hejie Li
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Guoying Ni
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Zhongao Biomedical Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
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33
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Barman R, Ray D, Aswal VK, Ghosh S. Chain-folding regulated self-assembly, outstanding bactericidal activity and biofilm eradication by biomimetic amphiphilic polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chain-folding regulated hierarchical self-assembly of cationic host defense peptide mimicking amphiphilic polyurethanes exhibit excellent antibacterial activity and biofilm killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Barman
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, Pin-700032, India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - V. K. Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, Pin-700032, India
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Geitani R, Moubareck CA, Costes F, Marti L, Dupuis G, Sarkis DK, Touqui L. Bactericidal effects and stability of LL-37 and CAMA in the presence of human lung epithelial cells. Microbes Infect 2021; 24:104928. [PMID: 34954126 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) are important actors in host innate immunity and represent a promising alternative to combat antibiotic resistance. Here, the bactericidal activity of two CAMPs (LL-37, and CAMA) was evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in the presence of IB3-1 cells, a cell line derived from patients with cystic fibrosis. The two CAMPs exerted different effects on PA survival depending on the timing of their administration. We observed a greater bactericidal effect when IB3-1 cells were pretreated with sub-minimum bactericidal concentrations (Sub-MBCs) of the CAMPs prior to infection. These findings suggest that CAMPs induce the production of factors by IB3-1 cells that improve their bactericidal action. However, we observed no bactericidal effect when supra-minimum bactericidal concentrations (Supra-MBCs) of the CAMPs were added to IB3-1 cells at the same time or after infection. Western-blot analysis showed a large decrease in LL-37 levels in supernatants of infected IB3-1 cells and an increase in LL-37 binding to these cells after LL-37 administration. LL-37 induced a weak inflammatory response in the cells without being toxic. In conclusion, our findings suggest a potential prophylactic action of CAMPs. The bactericidal effects were low when the CAMPs were added after cell infection, likely due to degradation of CAMPs by bacterial or epithelial cell proteases and/or due to adherence of CAMPs to cells becoming less available for direct bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Geitani
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Carole Ayoub Moubareck
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Floriane Costes
- "Sorbonne Université", INSERM UMR_S 938, "Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine" (CRSA), Paris, France; "Mucoviscidose and Bronchopathies Chroniques", Department "Santé Globale", Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Léa Marti
- "Sorbonne Université", INSERM UMR_S 938, "Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine" (CRSA), Paris, France; "Mucoviscidose and Bronchopathies Chroniques", Department "Santé Globale", Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Gabrielle Dupuis
- "Sorbonne Université", INSERM UMR_S 938, "Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine" (CRSA), Paris, France; "Mucoviscidose and Bronchopathies Chroniques", Department "Santé Globale", Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Dolla Karam Sarkis
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- "Sorbonne Université", INSERM UMR_S 938, "Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine" (CRSA), Paris, France; "Mucoviscidose and Bronchopathies Chroniques", Department "Santé Globale", Pasteur Institute, Paris, France.
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35
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Demirci M, Yigin A, Demir C. Efficacy of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 against biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus strains obtained from chronic wound infections. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105368. [PMID: 34942309 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 showed inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus strains, which often responsible for wound infections. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of biofilm-containing wound infections is important. Thus, this study aimed to investigate both the antimicrobial and biofilm efficacy of LL-37 against biofilm-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains and biofilm-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains obtained from chronic wound infections and its effect on different quorum sensing and virulence genes at suboptimal concentrations. Fifteen biofilm-forming MRSA and 15 biofilm-forming MSSA strains were included in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and biofilm formation were tested by microdilution methods. Real-time PCR was performed to determine gene expression levels. MIC values for LL-37 were 89.6 mg/L and 132.3 mg/L for MSSA and MRSA strains, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between MRSA and MSSA strains in terms of the effect of LL-37 on biofilm formation. A statistically significant difference was found between MRSA and MSSA strains for atlA, RNAIII, and agrA gene expression levels following exposure to a suboptimal concentration of LL-37. Ultimately, the required LL-37 antimicrobial concentration was quite high; however, LL-37 antibiofilm concentration may be acceptable for use in humans against biofilm-forming MRSA and MSSA strains. This is the first study to investigate to effect of a suboptimal LL-37 concentration on gene expression levels of biofilm-forming MSSA and MRSA strains. LL-37 affected quorum sensing and biofilm producing mechanisms, even at suboptimal MIC concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Demirci
- Kirklareli University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Kirklareli, Turkey.
| | - Akin Yigin
- Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Genetics, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Cemil Demir
- Mardin Artuklu University, Vocational Higher School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Mardin, Turkey
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36
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Rubey KM, Brenner JS. Nanomedicine to fight infectious disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113996. [PMID: 34634395 PMCID: PMC8665093 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquity and potency of antibiotics may give the false impression that infection is a solved problem. Unfortunately, even bacterial infections, the target of antibiotics, remain a major cause of illness and death. Several major unmet needs persist: biofilms, such as those on implanted hardware, largely resist antibiotics; the inflammatory host response to infection often produces more damage than the infection itself; and systemic antibiotics often decimate the gut microbiome, which can predispose to additional infections and even predispose to non-infectious diseases. Additionally, there is an increasing threat from multi-drug resistant microorganisms, though market forces may continue to inhibit innovation in this realm. These numerous unmet infection-related needs provide attractive goals for innovation of targeted drug delivery technologies, especially those of nanomedicine. Here we review several of those innovations in pre-clinical development, the two such therapies which have made it to clinical use, and the opportunities for further technology development for treating infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Rubey
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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37
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Marx C, Gardner S, Harman RM, Wagner B, Van de Walle GR. Mesenchymal stromal cell-secreted CCL2 promotes antibacterial defense mechanisms through increased antimicrobial peptide expression in keratinocytes. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1666-1679. [PMID: 34528765 PMCID: PMC8641085 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from both humans and horses, which represent a clinically relevant translation animal model for human cutaneous wound healing, were recently found to possess antimicrobial properties against planktonic bacteria, and in the case of equine MSCs, also against biofilms. This, together with previous findings that human and equine MSCs promote angiogenesis and wound healing, makes these cells an attractive approach to treat infected cutaneous wounds in both species. The anti-biofilm activities of equine MSC, via secretion of cysteine proteases, have only been demonstrated in vitro, thus lacking information about in vivo relevance. Moreover, the effects of the equine MSC secretome on resident skin cells have not yet been explored. The goals of this study were to (a) test the efficacy of the MSC secretome in a physiologically relevant ex vivo equine skin biofilm explant model and (b) explore the impact of the MSC secretome on the antimicrobial defense mechanisms of resident skin cells. Our salient findings were that secreted factors from equine MSCs significantly decreased viability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in mature biofilms in this novel skin biofilm explant model. Moreover, we demonstrated that equine MSCs secrete CCL2 that increases the antimicrobial activity of equine keratinocytes by stimulating expression of antimicrobial peptides. Collectively, these data contribute to our understanding of the MSC secretome's antimicrobial properties, both directly by killing bacteria and indirectly by stimulating immune responses of surrounding resident skin cells, thus further supporting the value of MSC secretome-based treatments for infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Marx
- Baker Institute for Animal HealthCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Sophia Gardner
- Baker Institute for Animal HealthCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Rebecca M. Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal HealthCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Bettina Wagner
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Gerlinde R. Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal HealthCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
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Colicchio R, Nigro E, Colavita I, Pagliuca C, Di Maro S, Tomassi S, Scaglione E, Carbone F, Carriero MV, Matarese G, Daniele A, Cosconati S, Pessi A, Salvatore F, Salvatore P. A novel smaller β-defensin-derived peptide is active against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22026. [PMID: 34818435 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002330rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is becoming a severe obstacle in the fight against acute and chronic infectious diseases that accompany most degenerative illnesses from neoplasia to osteo-arthritis and obesity. Currently, the race is on to identify pharmaceutical molecules or combinations of molecules able to prevent or reduce the insurgence and/or progression of infectivity. Attempts to substitute antibiotics with antimicrobial peptides have, thus far, met with little success against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. During the last decade, we designed and studied the activity and features of human β-defensin analogs, which are salt-resistant, and hence active also under high salt concentrations as, for instance, in cystic fibrosis. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and major features of a new 21 aa long molecule, peptide γ2. The latter derives from the γ-core of the β-defensin natural molecules, a small fragment of these molecules still bearing high antibacterial activity. We found that peptide γ2, which contains only one disulphide bond, recapitulates most of the biological properties of natural human β-defensins and can also counteract both Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR bacterial strains and biofilm formation. Moreover, it has great stability in human serum thereby enhancing its antibacterial presence and activity without cytotoxicity in human cells. In conclusion, peptide γ2 is a promising new weapon also in the battle against intractable infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy.,Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Scaglione
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fortunata Carbone
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli, Italy.,Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Tumor Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
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Velázquez-Suárez C, Cebrián R, Gasca-Capote C, Sorlózano-Puerto A, Gutiérrez-Fernández J, Martínez-Bueno M, Maqueda M, Valdivia E. Antimicrobial Activity of the Circular Bacteriocin AS-48 against Clinical Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080925. [PMID: 34438974 PMCID: PMC8388780 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment and hospital-spread-control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important challenge since these bacteria are involved in a considerable number of nosocomial infections that are difficult to treat and produce prolonged hospitalization, thus also increasing the risk of death. In fact, MRSA strains are frequently resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics, and co-resistances with other drugs such as macrolides, aminoglycosides, and lincosamides are usually reported, limiting the therapeutical options. To this must be added that the ability of these bacteria to form biofilms on hospital surfaces and devices confer high antibiotic resistance and favors horizontal gene transfer of genetic-resistant mobile elements, the spreading of infections, and relapses. Here, we genotypically and phenotypically characterized 100 clinically isolated S. aureus for their resistance to 18 antibiotics (33% of them were OXA resistant MRSA) and ability to form biofilms. From them, we selected 48 strains on the basis on genotype group, antimicrobial-resistance profile, and existing OXA resistance to be assayed against bacteriocin AS-48. The results showed that AS-48 was active against all strains, regardless of their clinical source, genotype, antimicrobial resistance profile, or biofilm formation capacity, and this activity was enhanced in the presence of the antimicrobial peptide lysozyme. Finally, we explored the effect of AS-48 on formed S. aureus biofilms, observing a reduction in S. aureus S-33 viability. Changes in the matrix structure of the biofilms as well as in the cell division process were observed with scanning electron microscopy in both S-33 and S-48 S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Velázquez-Suárez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.V.-S.); (M.M.-B.); (M.M.); (E.V.)
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Rubén Cebrián
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmen Gasca-Capote
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Av. Manuel Siurot, s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Antonio Sorlózano-Puerto
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine and PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.G.-F.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine and PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.G.-F.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.V.-S.); (M.M.-B.); (M.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Mercedes Maqueda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.V.-S.); (M.M.-B.); (M.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Eva Valdivia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.V.-S.); (M.M.-B.); (M.M.); (E.V.)
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40
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Hernández-Aristizábal I, Ocampo-Ibáñez ID. Antimicrobial Peptides with Antibacterial Activity against Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains: Classification, Structures, and Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7927. [PMID: 34360692 PMCID: PMC8347216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bacteria resistant to conventional antibiotics is of great concern in modern medicine because it renders ineffectiveness of the current empirical antibiotic therapies. Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strains represent a serious threat to global health due to their considerable morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need of research and development of new antimicrobial alternatives against these bacteria. In this context, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is considered a promising alternative therapeutic strategy to control resistant strains. Therefore, a wide number of natural, artificial, and synthetic AMPs have been evaluated against VRSA and VISA strains, with great potential for clinical application. In this regard, we aimed to present a comprehensive and systematic review of research findings on AMPs that have shown antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate resistant strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus, discussing their classification and origin, physicochemical and structural characteristics, and possible action mechanisms. This is the first review that includes all peptides that have shown antibacterial activity against VRSA and VISA strains exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Darío Ocampo-Ibáñez
- Research Group of Microbiology, Industry and Environment, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia;
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41
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Patiño MI, Restrepo LM, Becerra NY, van der Mei HC, van Kooten TG, Sharma PK. Nonviral Expression of LL-37 in a Human Skin Equivalent to Prevent Infection in Skin Wounds. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1147-1157. [PMID: 33980038 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inefficient autologous tissue recovery in skin wounds increases the susceptibility of patients to infections caused by multidrug resistant microorganisms, resulting in a high mortality rate. Genetic modification of skin cells has become an important field of study because it could lead to the construction of more functional skin grafts, through the overexpression of antimicrobial peptides that would prevent early contamination and infection with bacteria. In this study, we produce and evaluate human skin equivalents (HSEs) containing transfected human primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes by polyplexes to express the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. The effect of LL-37 on the metabolic activity of normal HSEs was evaluated before the construction of the transfected HSEs, and the antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. Subsequently, the levels of LL-37 in the culture supernatants of transfected HSEs, as well as the local expression, were determined. It was found that LL-37 treatment significantly promoted the cellular proliferation of HSEs. Furthermore, HSEs that express elevated levels of LL-37 were shown to possess histological characteristics close to the normal skin and display enhanced antimicrobial activity against S. aureus in vitro. These findings demonstrate that HSEs expressing LL-37 through nonviral modification of skin cells are a promising approach for the prevention of bacterial colonization in wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Patiño
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Luz Marina Restrepo
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia Yiset Becerra
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo G van Kooten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Prashant K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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42
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Soltanmohammadi B, Piri‐Gavgani S, Basardeh E, Ghanei M, Azizi M, Khaksar Z, Sharifzadeh Z, Badmasti F, Soezi M, Fateh A, Azimi P, Siadat SD, Shooraj F, Bouzari S, Omrani MD, Rahimi‐Jamnani F. Bactericidal fully human single-chain fragment variable antibodies protect mice against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1302. [PMID: 34221401 PMCID: PMC8240403 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, besides the inadequate numbers of effective antibiotics, emphasises the need to find new therapeutic agents against this lethal pathogen. METHODS In this study, to obtain antibody fragments against S. aureus, a human single-chain fragment variable (scFv) library was enriched against living methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) cells, grown in three different conditions, that is human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with plasma, whole blood and biofilm. The antibacterial activity of scFvs was evaluated by the growth inhibition assay in vitro. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of anti-S. aureus scFvs was appraised in a mouse model of bacteraemia. RESULTS Three scFv antibodies, that is MEH63, MEH158 and MEH183, with unique sequences, were found, which exhibited significant binding to S. aureus and reduced the viability of S. aureus in in vitro inhibition assays. Based on the results, MEH63, MEH158 and MEH183, in addition to their combination, could prolong the survival rate, reduce the bacterial burden in the blood and prevent inflammation and tissue destruction in the kidneys and spleen of mice with MRSA bacteraemia compared with the vehicle group (treated with normal saline). CONCLUSION The combination therapy with anti-S. aureus scFvs and conventional antibiotics might shed light on the treatment of patients with S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnoush Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Somayeh Piri‐Gavgani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Eilnaz Basardeh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research CenterSystems Biology and Poisoning InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoumeh Azizi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Zabihollah Khaksar
- Department of Basic SciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | | | - Farzad Badmasti
- Department of BacteriologyPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Mahdieh Soezi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Parisa Azimi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Fahimeh Shooraj
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Molecular Biology DepartmentPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical GeneticsSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi‐Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
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43
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Ridyard KE, Overhage J. The Potential of Human Peptide LL-37 as an Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Agent. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060650. [PMID: 34072318 PMCID: PMC8227053 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in antimicrobial resistant bacteria threatens the current methods utilized to treat bacterial infections. The development of novel therapeutic agents is crucial in avoiding a post-antibiotic era and the associated deaths from antibiotic resistant pathogens. The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 has been considered as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics as it displays broad spectrum antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities as well as immunomodulatory functions. While LL-37 has shown promising results, it has yet to receive regulatory approval as a peptide antibiotic. Despite the strong antimicrobial properties, LL-37 has several limitations including high cost, lower activity in physiological environments, susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, and high toxicity to human cells. This review will discuss the challenges associated with making LL-37 into a viable antibiotic treatment option, with a focus on antimicrobial resistance and cross-resistance as well as adaptive responses to sub-inhibitory concentrations of the peptide. The possible methods to overcome these challenges, including immobilization techniques, LL-37 delivery systems, the development of LL-37 derivatives, and synergistic combinations will also be considered. Herein, we describe how combination therapy and structural modifications to the sequence, helicity, hydrophobicity, charge, and configuration of LL-37 could optimize the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of LL-37 for future clinical use.
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Antimicrobial Activity of Cyclic-Monomeric and Dimeric Derivatives of the Snail-Derived Peptide Cm-p5 against Viral and Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Strains. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050745. [PMID: 34067685 PMCID: PMC8156702 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cm-p5 is a snail-derived antimicrobial peptide, which demonstrated antifungal activity against the pathogenic strains of Candida albicans. Previously we synthetized a cyclic monomer as well as a parallel and an antiparallel dimer of Cm-p5 with improved antifungal activity. Considering the alarming increase of microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics, here we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of these derivatives against multiresistant and problematic bacteria and against important viral agents. The three peptides showed a moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL), and Streptococcus agalactiae, with MIC values > 100 µg/mL. They exerted a considerable activity with MIC values between 25–50 µg/mL against Acinetobacter baumanii and Enterococcus faecium. In addition, the two dimers showed a moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. The three Cm-p5 derivatives inhibited a virulent extracellular strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, they inhibited Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) infection in a concentration-dependent manner, but had no effect on infection by the Zika Virus (ZIKV) or pseudoparticles of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At concentrations of >100 µg/mL, the three new Cm-p5 derivatives showed toxicity on different eukaryotic cells tested. Considering a certain cell toxicity but a potential interesting activity against the multiresistant strains of bacteria and HSV-2, our compounds require future structural optimization.
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Mat Rani NNI, Mustafa Hussein Z, Mustapa F, Azhari H, Sekar M, Chen XY, Mohd Amin MCI. Exploring the possible targeting strategies of liposomes against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:84-105. [PMID: 33974973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multi antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are on the rise due to the overuse of antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the pathogens listed under the category of serious threats where vancomycin remains the mainstay treatment despite the availability of various antibacterial agents. Recently, decreased susceptibility to vancomycin from clinical isolates of MRSA has been reported and has drawn worldwide attention as it is often difficult to overcome and leads to increased medical costs, mortality, and longer hospital stays. Development of antibiotic delivery systems is often necessary to improve bioavailability and biodistribution, in order to reduce antibiotic resistance and increase the lifespan of antibiotics. Liposome entrapment has been used as a method to allow higher drug dosing apart from reducing toxicity associated with drugs. The surface of the liposomes can also be designed and enhanced with drug-release properties, active targeting, and stealth effects to prevent recognition by the mononuclear phagocyte system, thus enhancing its circulation time. The present review aimed to highlight the possible targeting strategies of liposomes against MRSA bacteremia systemically while investigating the magnitude of this effect on the minimum inhibitory concentration level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Zahraa Mustafa Hussein
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fahimi Mustapa
- Hospital Batu Gajah Jalan Changkat, 31000 Batu Gajah, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hanisah Azhari
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Xiang Yi Chen
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Regiospecific vs. non regiospecific click azide-alkyne polymerization: In vitro study of water-soluble antibacterial poly(amide aminotriazole)s. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 125:112113. [PMID: 33965117 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel linear cationic poly(amide aminotriazole)s (PATnD) with secondary amine groups in the backbone were obtained by using azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions: metal- and solvent-free (thermal conditions, PATTnD) or copper(I)-catalyzed (Sharpless conditions, PATCnD). PATnD were investigated in vitro against strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. Hemolytic activity was tested using human red blood cells (hRBC), and very low or no hemolytic activity was observed. The cytotoxicity of PATnD polymers against Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGnF) cells was concentration-dependent, and significant differences between PATT1D and PATC1D were observed. The ability of these polymers to induce resistance against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was also assessed. Studied bacterial strains acquired resistance to catalytic polymers (PATCnD) in initial passages meanwhile resistance to thermal polymers (PATTnD) appears in later passages, being the increase of the minimum inhibitory concentration lower than in catalytic polymers. This result, together with the higher biocidal capacity of thermal polymers compared to catalytic ones, seems to suggest an influence of the regiospecificity of the polymers on their antibacterial characteristics. This study also demonstrates that PAT1D polymers, which do not appear to have strong hydrophobic residues, can exert significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as S. epidermidis. This pair of polymers, PATC1D and PATT1D, displays the greatest antimicrobial activity while not causing significant hemolysis along with the lowest susceptibility for resistance development of the polymers evaluated.
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Barbosa AAT, de Melo MR, da Silva CMR, Jain S, Dolabella SS. Nisin resistance in Gram-positive bacteria and approaches to circumvent resistance for successful therapeutic use. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:376-385. [PMID: 33689548 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1893264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens is one of the most worrying problems in health systems today. To solve this problem, bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria, especially nisin, have been proposed as an alternative for controlling multidrug-resistant bacteria. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides that have activity mainly against Gram-positive strains. Nisin is one of the most studied bacteriocins and is already approved for use in food preservation. Nisin is still not approved for human clinical use, but many in vitro studies have shown its therapeutic effectiveness, especially for the control of antibiotic-resistant strains. Results from in vitro studies show the emergence of nisin-resistant bacteria after exposure to nisin. Considering that nisin has shown promising results for clinical use, studies to elucidate nisin-resistant mechanisms and the development of approaches to circumvent nisin-resistance are important. Thus, the objectives of this review are to identify the Gram-positive bacterial strains that have shown resistance to nisin, describe their resistance mechanisms and propose ways to overcome the development of nisin-resistance for its successful clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sona Jain
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Tiradentes, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Silvio Santana Dolabella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brasil
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Morroni G, Sante LD, Simonetti O, Brescini L, Kamysz W, Kamysz E, Mingoia M, Brenciani A, Giovanetti E, Bagnarelli P, Giacometti A, Cirioni O. Synergistic effect of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and colistin combination against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:221-227. [PMID: 33646013 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Overview: The global spread of antibiotic resistance represents a serious threat for public health. Aim: We evaluated the efficacy of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 as antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Results: LL-37 showed good activity against mcr-1 carrying, extended spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing E. coli (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC, from 16 to 64 mg/l). Checkerboard assays demonstrated synergistic effect of LL-37/colistin combination against all tested strains, further confirmed by time-kill and post antibiotic effect assays. MIC and sub-MIC concentrations of LL-37 were able to reduce biofilm formation. Conclusion: Our preliminary data indicated that LL-37/colistin combination was effective against multidrug-resistant E. coli strains and suggested a new possible clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Morroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Di Sante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oriana Simonetti
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical & Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Brescini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Marina Mingoia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bagnarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacometti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Zhu N, Zhong C, Liu T, Zhu Y, Gou S, Bao H, Yao J, Ni J. Newly designed antimicrobial peptides with potent bioactivity and enhanced cell selectivity prevent and reverse rifampin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 158:105665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Vergis J, Malik SVS, Pathak R, Kumar M, Kurkure NV, Barbuddhe SB, Rawool DB. Exploring Galleria mellonella larval model to evaluate antibacterial efficacy of Cecropin A (1-7)-Melittin against multi-drug resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6123720. [PMID: 33512501 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High throughput in vivo laboratory models is need for screening and identification of effective therapeutic agents to overcome microbial drug-resistance. This study was undertaken to evaluate in vivo antimicrobial efficacy of short-chain antimicrobial peptide- Cecropin A (1-7)-Melittin (CAMA) against three multi-drug resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (MDR-EAEC) field isolates in a Galleria mellonella larval model. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; 2.0 mg/L) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC; 4.0 mg/L) of CAMA were determined by microdilution assay. CAMA was found to be stable at high temperatures, physiological concentration of cationic salts and proteases; safe with sheep erythrocytes, secondary cell lines and commensal lactobacilli at lower MICs; and exhibited membrane permeabilization. In vitro time-kill assay revealed concentration- and time-dependent clearance of MDR-EAEC in CAMA-treated groups at 30 min. CAMA- treated G. mellonella larvae exhibited an increased survival rate, reduced MDR-EAEC counts, immunomodulatory effect and proved non-toxic which concurred with histopathological findings. CAMA exhibited either an equal or better efficacy than the tested antibiotic control, meropenem. This study highlights the possibility of G. mellonella larvae as an excellent in vivo model for investigating the host-pathogen interaction, including the efficacy of antimicrobials against MDR-EAEC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Vergis
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - S V S Malik
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Richa Pathak
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Manesh Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Nitin V Kurkure
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur 440001, India
| | - S B Barbuddhe
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad 500092, India
| | - Deepak B Rawool
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
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