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Zhang C, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Guo N, Han C, Wu Q, Mu C, Zhang Y, Tan S, Zhang J, Liu X. Systematic review of melatonin in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: critical role and therapeutic opportunities. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1356112. [PMID: 38375039 PMCID: PMC10875093 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1356112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the predominant causes for the poor prognosis of ischemic stroke patients after reperfusion therapy. Currently, potent therapeutic interventions for cerebral I/R injury are still very limited. Melatonin, an endogenous hormone, was found to be valid in preventing I/R injury in a variety of organs. However, a systematic review covering all neuroprotective effects of melatonin in cerebral I/R injury has not been reported yet. Thus, we perform a comprehensive overview of the influence of melatonin on cerebral I/R injury by collecting all available literature exploring the latent effect of melatonin on cerebral I/R injury as well as ischemic stroke. In this systematic review, we outline the extensive scientific studies and summarize the beneficial functions of melatonin, including reducing infarct volume, decreasing brain edema, improving neurological functions and attenuating blood-brain barrier breakdown, as well as its key protective mechanisms on almost every aspect of cerebral I/R injury, including inhibiting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, excessive autophagy, glutamate excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Subsequently, we also review the predictive and therapeutic implications of melatonin on ischemic stroke reported in clinical studies. We hope that our systematic review can provide the most comprehensive introduction of current advancements on melatonin in cerebral I/R injury and new insights into personalized diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yumei Ma
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Changqing Mu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shutong Tan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Stojanović NM, Maslovarić A, Mihajlović I, Marković A, Randjelović PJ, Sokolović D. Melatonin treatment prevents carbon-tetrachloride induced rat brain injury. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:895-901. [PMID: 37915487 PMCID: PMC10615814 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Herein the neuroprotective properties of melatonin, a highly effective antioxidant, administered in a single dose 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally, were investigated in the brain tissue of Wistar rats acutely exposed to the toxin carbon-tetrachloride (1 mL/kg, intraperitoneally). Methods To assess the degree of whole encephalic mass damage, biochemical parameters related to lipid and protein oxidation, antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase), glutathione and inducible nitric oxide/arginase pathways were determined. Results The results showed that carbon-tetrachloride impaired the function of antioxidant enzymes (reduced catalase and superoxide dismutase activities) and reduced glutathione-metabolizing enzymes (reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase and peroxidase activity). Furthermore, carbon-tetrachloride increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative damage in the brain tissue, as well as myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase content/activities. Conclusions The application of a single dose of melatonin post intoxication has been able to reverse the disturbance in the function of antioxidant enzymes and alleviate the tissue damage caused by oxidative stress, indicating that melatonin could be a potential therapeutic agent in oxidative-damage related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola M Stojanović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Maslovarić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Ivana Mihajlović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Marković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Pavle J Randjelović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Dušan Sokolović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
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Samaja M, Ottolenghi S. The Oxygen Cascade from Atmosphere to Mitochondria as a Tool to Understand the (Mal)adaptation to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043670. [PMID: 36835089 PMCID: PMC9960749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a life-threatening challenge for about 1% of the world population, as well as a contributor to high morbidity and mortality scores in patients affected by various cardiopulmonary, hematological, and circulatory diseases. However, the adaptation to hypoxia represents a failure for a relevant portion of the cases as the pathways of potential adaptation often conflict with well-being and generate diseases that in certain areas of the world still afflict up to one-third of the populations living at altitude. To help understand the mechanisms of adaptation and maladaptation, this review examines the various steps of the oxygen cascade from the atmosphere to the mitochondria distinguishing the patterns related to physiological (i.e., due to altitude) and pathological (i.e., due to a pre-existing disease) hypoxia. The aim is to assess the ability of humans to adapt to hypoxia in a multidisciplinary approach that correlates the function of genes, molecules, and cells with the physiologic and pathological outcomes. We conclude that, in most cases, it is not hypoxia by itself that generates diseases, but rather the attempts to adapt to the hypoxia condition. This underlies the paradigm shift that when adaptation to hypoxia becomes excessive, it translates into maladaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Samaja
- MAGI GROUP, San Felice del Benaco, 25010 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Grao-Cruces E, Calvo JR, Maldonado-Aibar MD, Millan-Linares MDC, Montserrat-de la Paz S. Mediterranean Diet and Melatonin: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:264. [PMID: 36829823 PMCID: PMC9951922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has beneficial effects on human health, which is evidenced by the observation of lower incidence rates of chronic diseases in Mediterranean countries. The MD dietary pattern is rich in antioxidants, such as melatonin, which is a hormone produced mainly by the pineal gland and controls several circadian rhythms. Additionally, melatonin is found in foods, such as fruit and vegetables. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the melatonin content in Mediterranean foods and to evaluate the influence of the MD on melatonin levels in both humans and model organisms. A comprehensive search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) and data were extracted. A total of 31 records were chosen. MD-related foods, such as tomatoes, olive oil, red wine, beer, nuts, and vegetables, showed high melatonin contents. The consumption of specific MD foods increases melatonin levels and improves the antioxidant status in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Avenida Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
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Sobhani S, Tehrani AA, Sobhani G, Fatima S, Ulloa L, Motaghinejad M, Atif A. Melatonin Protects Against Titanium Oxide-Induced Neurotoxicity: Neurochemical, Neurobehavioral, and Histopathological Evidences. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03464-4. [PMID: 36378265 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
titania (titanium dioxide, TiO2) is known to induce neurotoxicity and CNS dysfunctions. Numerous studies have explored the neuroprotective effects of melatonin against neurotoxicity. This study evaluates the potential of melatonin to protect against titania-induced neurotoxicity and the role of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. One group of animals were treated with Titania (0.045 and 0.075 g/rat) alone while the other with added melatonin (1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) and behavioral alterations were assessed using OFT (open field test). Neurochemical and histopathological changes were also studied in the hippocampus by analyzing kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and antioxidant response element (ARE). It was seen that the animals with added Melatonin had improved behavioral scores in the OFT, like anxiety and motor dysfunction triggered by TiO2. Melatonin also reduced lipid peroxidation, ROS, GSSG, IL1β, TNFα, Bax, and Keap1 levels, but boosted GSH, GPx, GR, SOD,IL10,IL4, Bcl2, Nrf2, and ARE levels and improved quadruple mitochondrial enzyme complex activity in titania-treated animals. Histopathological examination showed melatonin induced cytoprotection against vacuolization and necrosis in granular cells of DG and pyramidal cells of CA1 area of the hippocampus. In our study, pretreatment with melatonin reduced titania-induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus through a mechanism potentially mediated by the Keap-1/Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sobhani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali-Asghar Tehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Golnar Sobhani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sulail Fatima
- Department of Physiology, Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Darabad Avenue, Shahid Bahonar roundabout, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alina Atif
- Department of Physiology, Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Zhu D, Zhang M, He B, Wan Y, Wang L, Gao F. The role of sex and ovarian hormones in hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits induced by chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:953417. [PMID: 36003965 PMCID: PMC9393425 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.953417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the role of sex and ovarian hormones in hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits and behavioral dysfunction in rats induced by chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Methods Six-week-old male and female SD rats were housed for 3 months either in a real altitude (4,250 m) environment as the model of chronic hypobaric-hypoxia (CHH) or in a plain as controls. The animal behavioral and hippocampal neurons at subcellular, molecular, and ultrastructural levels were characterized after CHH exposure. Results After 3 months of CHH exposure, (1) male CHH rats’ serum testosterone level was lower than male controls’ whereas female CHH rats’ serum estradiol level was higher than female controls’; (2) Morris water maze test finds that male rats showed more learning and spatial memory deficits than female rats; (3) male rats showed more severe hippocampal damage, hippocampal inflammation, oxidative stress and decreased hippocampal integrity (neurogenesis and dendritic spine density) than female rats; (4) Western blot analysis shows that, compared with the male control group, in male CHH group’s hippocampus, expression of nNOS, HO-1, and Bax protein increased whereas that of Bcl-2 protein decreased; (5) Expression of PON2 protein in male rats (CHH and controls) was lower than female rats (CHH and controls). In addition, CHH exposure decreased the expression of PON2 protein in both male and female rats; (6) qPCR analysis reveals that CHH exposure reduced the gene expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2A and NR2B subunits in male rats’ hippocampus. In addition, compared with the sham CHH group, the expression level of PON2 protein decreased in the OVX-CHH group’s hippocampus whereas oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and degeneration of hippocampal neurons increased in the OVX-CHH group’s hippocampus. Conclusion After CHH exposure, male rats were significantly more likely than female rats to develop hippocampal damage, hippocampal neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline and deficits, suggesting that sex and ovarian hormones were significantly involved in regulating the rats’ susceptibility to CHH exposure-induced hippocampal damage.
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Gomes ARQ, Cunha N, Varela ELP, Brígido HPC, Vale VV, Dolabela MF, de Carvalho EP, Percário S. Oxidative Stress in Malaria: Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115949. [PMID: 35682626 PMCID: PMC9180384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease and a serious public health problem in the world, with 3.3 billion people in endemic areas in 100 countries and about 200 million new cases each year, resulting in almost 1 million deaths in 2018. Although studies look for strategies to eradicate malaria, it is necessary to know more about its pathophysiology to understand the underlying mechanisms involved, particularly the redox balance, to guarantee success in combating this disease. In this review, we addressed the involvement of oxidative stress in malaria and the potential benefits of antioxidant supplementation as an adjuvant antimalarial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rafael Quadros Gomes
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutica Innovation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.R.Q.G.); (H.P.C.B.); (V.V.V.); (M.F.D.)
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (N.C.); (E.L.P.V.); (E.P.d.C.)
| | - Natasha Cunha
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (N.C.); (E.L.P.V.); (E.P.d.C.)
| | - Everton Luiz Pompeu Varela
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (N.C.); (E.L.P.V.); (E.P.d.C.)
- Post-graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIONORTE), Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Heliton Patrick Cordovil Brígido
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutica Innovation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.R.Q.G.); (H.P.C.B.); (V.V.V.); (M.F.D.)
| | - Valdicley Vieira Vale
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutica Innovation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.R.Q.G.); (H.P.C.B.); (V.V.V.); (M.F.D.)
| | - Maria Fâni Dolabela
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutica Innovation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.R.Q.G.); (H.P.C.B.); (V.V.V.); (M.F.D.)
- Post-graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIONORTE), Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Eliete Pereira de Carvalho
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (N.C.); (E.L.P.V.); (E.P.d.C.)
- Post-graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIONORTE), Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Sandro Percário
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (N.C.); (E.L.P.V.); (E.P.d.C.)
- Post-graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIONORTE), Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Effects of Daily Melatonin Supplementation on Visual Loss, Circadian Rhythms, and Hepatic Oxidative Damage in a Rodent Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111853. [PMID: 34829724 PMCID: PMC8614953 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by a progressive loss of visual function that primarily affect photoreceptors, resulting in the complete disorganization and remodeling of the retina. Progression of the disease is enhanced by increased oxidative stress in the retina, aqueous humor, plasma, and liver of RP animal models and patients. Melatonin has beneficial effects against age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, in which oxidative stress plays a key role. In the present study, we used the P23HxLE rat as an animal model of RP. Melatonin treatment (10 mg/kg b.w. daily in drinking water for 6 months) improved the parameters of visual function and decreased the rate of desynchronization of the circadian rhythm, both in P23HxLE and wild-type rats. Melatonin reduced oxidative stress and increased antioxidant defenses in P23HxLE animals. In wild-type animals, melatonin did not modify any of the oxidative stress markers analyzed and reduced the levels of total antioxidant defenses. Treatment with melatonin improved visual function, circadian synchronization, and hepatic oxidative stress in P23HxLE rats, an RP model, and had beneficial effects against age-related visual damage in wild-type rats.
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Samei E, Mozdarani H, Samiei F, Javadi G. Radioprotective Effects of Combined Melatonin and Famotidine Treatment on Radiation Induced Apoptosis in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Breast Cancer Patients and Normal Individuals. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:562-567. [PMID: 34837684 PMCID: PMC8588819 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of individual or combined use of two antioxidants, melatonin and famotidine on radiation induced apoptosis in leukocytes from breast cancer (BC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, the DPPH assay was used to determine the appropriate doses of melatonin and famotidine for treatment of BC and control leukocytes. The leukocytes were cultured in complete RPMI1640 medium and treated with either agent for two hours. Cells were exposed to 4 Gy gamma rays generated from a Co-60 source at a dose rate of 0.85 Gy for 48 hours before harvesting. The cells were placed on slides and the neutral comet assay was performed. A total of 500 cells were stained with ethidium bromide and assessed for the amount of apoptosis under a fluorescent microscope x400 magnification. RESULTS We observed significantly more apoptosis following radiation alone in the leukocytes from BC patients compared with normal individuals (P<0.01). Individual use of famotidine and melatonin induced very low frequencies of apoptosis that was not significantly different from the control (P>0.05). However, when combined with radiation, there was a decreased frequency of apoptosis in leukocytes of both normal and BC patients (P<0.05). The effect of famotidine was more pronounced than melatonin. CONCLUSION Melatonin, despite its potent antioxidant property, does not significantly affect radiation induced apoptosis in leukocytes derived from normal individuals; however, it has a moderately significant protective effect on in leukocytes derived from BC patients. Therefore, when used with radiation it might not intervene with the radiotherapy (RT) regimen of BC cancer patients. Famotidine is a good radioprotector for normal tissue. However, the efficacy of RT might be reduced with an accumulation of famotidine in tumour tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Samei
- Department of Genetics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Farhad Samiei
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Javadi
- Department of Genetics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Empowering Melatonin Therapeutics with Drosophila Models. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040067. [PMID: 34698120 PMCID: PMC8544433 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin functions as a central regulator of cell and organismal function as well as a neurohormone involved in several processes, e.g., the regulation of the circadian rhythm, sleep, aging, oxidative response, and more. As such, it holds immense pharmacological potential. Receptor-mediated melatonin function mainly occurs through MT1 and MT2, conserved amongst mammals. Other melatonin-binding proteins exist. Non-receptor-mediated activities involve regulating the mitochondrial function and antioxidant cascade, which are frequently affected by normal aging as well as disease. Several pathologies display diseased or dysfunctional mitochondria, suggesting melatonin may be used therapeutically. Drosophila models have extensively been employed to study disease pathogenesis and discover new drugs. Here, we review the multiple functions of melatonin through the lens of functional conservation and model organism research to empower potential melatonin therapeutics to treat neurodegenerative and renal diseases.
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Kilic U, Elibol B, Beker M, Altug-Tasa B, Caglayan AB, Beker MC, Yilmaz B, Kilic E. Inflammatory Cytokines are in Action: Brain Plasticity and Recovery after Brain Ischemia Due to Delayed Melatonin Administration. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:106105. [PMID: 34547676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Post-ischemic inflammation leads to apoptosis as an indirect cause of functional disabilities after the stroke. Melatonin may be a good candidate for the stroke recovery because of its anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we investigated the effect of melatonin on inflammation in the functional recovery of brain by evaluating ipsilesional and contralesional alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Melatonin (4 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally administered into the mice from the 3rd to the 55th day of the post-ischemia after 30 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion. RESULTS Melatonin produced a functional recovery by reducing the emigration of the circulatory leukocytes and the local microglial activation within the ischemic brain. Overall, the expression of the inflammation-related genes reduced upon melatonin treatment in the ischemic hemisphere. On the other hand, the expression level of the inflammatory cytokine genes raised in the contralateral hemisphere at the 55th day of the post-ischemia. Furthermore, melatonin triggers an increase in the iNOS expression and a decrease in the nNOS expression in the ipsilateral hemisphere at the earlier times in the post-ischemic recovery. At the 55th day of the post-ischemic recovery, melatonin administration enhanced the eNOS and nNOS protein expressions. CONCLUSIONS The present molecular, biological, and histological data have revealed broad anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin in both hemispheres with distinct temporal and spatial patterns at different phases of post-stroke recovery. These outcomes also established that melatonin act recruitment of contralesional rather than of ipsilesional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology, Hamidiye School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Birsen Elibol
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Merve Beker
- Department of Medical Biology, Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Burcugul Altug-Tasa
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Centre, ESTEM, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Burak Caglayan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Caglar Beker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abdollahzade N, Majidinia M, Babri S. Melatonin: a pleiotropic hormone as a novel potent therapeutic candidate in arsenic toxicity. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6603-6618. [PMID: 34453671 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is a natural element which exists in the environment in inorganic and organic forms. In humans, the main reason for the toxicity of arsenic is its uptake via water sources. As polluted water and the problems associated with it can be found in many countries. Therefore, considering all these positive effects of melatonin, this review is aimed at melatonin supplementation therapy on arsenic toxicity which seems to be a suitable therapeutic agent to eliminate the adverse effects of arsenic. METHODS AND RESULTS It is seen in previous studies that chronic exposure to arsenic could cause serious dys functions of organs and induce different degrees of toxicities that is one of the first hazardous materials in the classification of substances by the United States Environmental Protection Agency so leads to costly cleanup operations burdening the economy. Arsenic harmfulness degree depends on the bioavailability, chemical form, valence state, detoxification, and metabolism of human body. The oxidative stress has a major role in arsenic-induced toxicity; on the other hand, it was discovered that melatonin is a powerful scavenger for free radical and it's an extensive-spectrum antioxidant. CONCLUSION Due to its highly lipophilic and small size properties, melatonin accesses all intracellular organs by easily passing via the cell membrane and prevents protein, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation. In particular, melatonin, by protecting and reducing oxidative stress in mitochondria, can normalize homeostasis and mitochondrial function and ultimately prevent apoptosis and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseh Abdollahzade
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Shirin Babri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Abdollahzade N, Babri S, Majidinia M. Attenuation of chronic arsenic neurotoxicity via melatonin in male offspring of maternal rats exposed to arsenic during conception: Involvement of oxidative DNA damage and inflammatory signaling cascades. Life Sci 2020; 266:118876. [PMID: 33310035 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to arsenic is demonstrated to elevate the risk of brain damage and neurological disorders in the fetus, mainly due to its ability for crossing through the placental barriers. Increase in oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage is main mechanisms of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of melatonin, as a potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against arsenic toxicity in the brains of male offspring rats. Pregnant mother rats were randomly assigned into four groups including group I, as control, group II received 10 mg/kg melatonin, group III received arsenic at 50 mg/kg, and group IV received melatonin and arsenic. After a two-month period, oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation and apoptosis were assessed in the male offspring rats. Exposure to arsenic significantly increased the pro-inflammatory and oxidative factors resulting in DNA damage and apoptosis in the brain tissues of offspring rats in comparison to controls (p < 0.05). Exogenous administration of melatonin showed a significant increase in the tissue levels of acetylcholine esterase, decrease in the lactate dehydrogenase and myeloperoxidase, when compared to arsenic group (p < 0.05). Melatonin also overcame the arsenic-induced oxidative stress and suppressed inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis. Our results suggested that melatonin may be a promising neuro-protective agent and momentous therapy for the treatment of arsenic-toxicity in clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseh Abdollahzade
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Babri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Role of nitric oxide in mediating the cardioprotective effect of agomelatine against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1809-1823. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Durappanavar PN, Nadoor P, Waghe P, Pavithra BH, Jayaramu GM. Melatonin Ameliorates Neuropharmacological and Neurobiochemical Alterations Induced by Subchronic Exposure to Arsenic in Wistar Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:124-139. [PMID: 30306420 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats to characterize the arsenic ("As")-induced alterations in neurobiochemistry in brain and its impact on neuropharmacological activities with or without the melatonin (MLT) as an antioxidant given exogenously. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided in to four groups of six each. Group I served as untreated control, while group II received As [sodium (meta) arsenite; NaAsO2] at 10 mg/kg bw (p.o.) for a period of 56 days. Experimental rats in group III received treatment similar to group II but in addition received MLT at 10 mg/kg bw (p.o.) from day 32 onwards. Rats in group IV received MLT alone from day 32 onwards similar to group III. Sub-chronic exposure to As (group II) significantly reduced both voluntary locomotor and forced motor activities and melatonin supplementation (group III) showed a significant improvement in motor activities, when subjected to test on day 42 or 56. Rats exposed to As showed a significant increase in anxiety level and a marginal nonsignificant reduction in pain latency. Sub-chronic administration of As induced (group II) significant increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) called malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissue (5.55 ± 0.57 nmol g-1), and their levels were significantly reduced by MLT supplementation (group III 3.96 ± 0.15 nmol g-1). The increase in 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in As-exposed rats indicated nitrosative stress due to the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). However, exogenously given MLT significantly reduced the 3-NT formation as well as prostaglandin (PGE2) levels in the brain. Similarly, MLT administration have suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (viz., IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and amyloid-β1-40 (Aβ) deposition in the brain tissues of experimental rats. To conclude, exogenous administration of melatonin can overcome the sub-chronic As-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress in the CNS, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restored certain disturbed neuropharmacological activities in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasada Ningappa Durappanavar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University; Veterinary College, Vinobanagar, Shivamogga, Karnataka, 577 204, India
| | - Prakash Nadoor
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Veterinary College, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 024, India.
| | - Prashantkumar Waghe
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Veterinary College, Nandinagar, Bidar, Karnataka, 585401, India
| | - B H Pavithra
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Veterinary College, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 024, India
| | - G M Jayaramu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Veterinary College, Vinobanagar, Shivamogga, Karnataka, 577 204, India
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Ošiņa K, Leonova E, Isajevs S, Baumane L, Rostoka E, Sjakste T, Bisenieks E, Duburs G, Vīgante B, Sjakste N. Modifications of expression of genes and proteins involved in DNA repair and nitric oxide metabolism by carbatonides [disodium-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine- 3,5-bis(carbonyloxyacetate) derivatives] in intact and diabetic rats. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 68:212-227. [PMID: 28976888 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus complications indicate that the compounds reducing free radicals and enhancing DNA repair could be prospective as possible remedies. Carbatonides, the disodium-2,6-dimethyl-1,4- dihydropyridine-3,5-bis(carbonyloxyacetate) derivatives, were tested for these properties. EPR spectroscopy showed that metcarbatone was an effective scavenger of hydroxyl radicals produced in the Fenton reaction, etcarbatone, and propcarbatone were less effective, styrylcarbatone was ineffective. UV/VIS spectroscopy revealed that styrylcarbatone manifested a hyperchromic effect when interacting with DNA, while all other carbatonides showeda hypochromic effect. Rats with streptozotocin induced type 1 DM were treated with metcarbatone, etcarbatone or styrylcarbatone (all compounds at doses 0.05 mg kg-1 or 0.5 mg kg-1) nine days after the DM approval. Gene expression levels in kidneys and blood were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR; protein expression - immunohistochemically in kidneys, heart, sciatic nerve, and eyes; DNA breakage - by comet assay in nucleated blood cells. Induction of DM induced DNA breaks; metcarbatone and styrylcarbatone (low dose) alleviated this effect. Metcarbatone and etcarbatone up-regulated mRNA and protein of eNOS in kidneys of diabetic animals; etcarbatone also in myocardium. Etcarbatone reduced the expression of increased iNOS protein in myocardium, nerve, and kidneys. iNos gene expression was up-regulated in kidneys by etcarbatone and metcarbatone in diabetic animals. In blood, development of DM increased iNos gene expression; etcarbatone and metcarbatone normalised it. Etcarbatone up-regulated the expression of H2AX in kidneys of diabetic animals but decreased the production of c-PARP1. Taken together, our data indicate that carbatonides might have a potential as drugs intended to treat DM complications.
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Fan W, He Y, Guan X, Gu W, Wu Z, Zhu X, Huang F, He H. Involvement of the nitric oxide in melatonin-mediated protection against injury. Life Sci 2018; 200:142-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Mo Y, Huang L, Chen L, Veronesi M, Shi Y, Chen S, Peng L, Zhou L, Pu Y, Wang J. An experimental rabbit model of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm with in vivo neuroimaging assessment and ex vivo histological validation. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2411-2417. [PMID: 29456646 PMCID: PMC5795581 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is a severe complication that occurs following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has been used to evaluate brain injury following SAH in humans. The present study was designed to assess a rabbit model of symptomatic CVS (SCVS) and the utility of MRA in evaluating SCVS in rabbits. Japanese white rabbits (n=24) were randomly divided into 2 equal groups: A sham group and a SAH group. Neurological scores were evaluated for 7 days following SAH. Basilar artery (BA) diameters were measured using MRA preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively. Rabbits were sacrificed 7 days following SAH and the BA diameter of each rabbit was determined using histological evaluation. Compared with the Sham group, neurological function was significantly reduced in the SAH group at all time points (P<0.05). Furthermore, the BA diameter was significantly smaller in the SAH group on day 7 compared with the baseline measurement (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between histological and MRA findings in either group at day 7. Histological changes in the hippocampus consistent with ischemia were observed in the SAH group. Hippocampal ischemia was also identified in the SAH group via MRA and there was no difference in detection rates following the use of MRA and histochemistry. MRA appears to be an effective method for assessing vasospasms of the BA and ischemic changes to the hippocampus in a rabbit model of SCVS. Furthermore, the animal model used in the present study may be beneficial for the future study of SCVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchang Mo
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Luping Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Linbi Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Michael Veronesi
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Hospital, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yiyi Shi
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Linli Peng
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesia, Guangdong Provincial Maternity and Child Care Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Leping Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesia, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yonglin Pu
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Hospital, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Junlu Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Burjanadze G, Shengelia M, Dachanidze N, Mikadze M, Menabde K, Koshoridze N. Creatine–facilitated protection of stress caused by disrupted circadian rhythm. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1333198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Burjanadze
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mariam Shengelia
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Natalia Dachanidze
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mariam Mikadze
- US MD Program, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ketevan Menabde
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nana Koshoridze
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Inhibition of 12/15 LOX ameliorates cognitive and cholinergic dysfunction in mouse model of hypobaric hypoxia via. attenuation of oxidative/nitrosative stress. Neuroscience 2017; 359:308-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ribeiro MC, Bezerra TDS, Soares AC, Boechat-Ramos R, Carneiro FP, Vianna LMDS, Faro LRF, Silva MVD, Vieira MP, Monteiro IDO, Ferreira VM. Hippocampal and cerebellar histological changes and their behavioural repercussions caused by brain ischaemic hypoxia experimentally induced by sodium nitrite. Behav Brain Res 2017; 332:223-232. [PMID: 28606628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain ischaemic hypoxia can produce severe neurological damage that leads to behavioural disorders. This research analysed the hippocampal and cerebellar histological alterations caused by brain ischaemic hypoxia experimentally induced by sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and possible direct repercussions of this hypoxia on behaviour. METHODOLOGY An experimental study was carried out by administering 60mg/kg NaNO2 to 10 Wistar rats at 3 months of age for 15 consecutive days. Ten control rats did not receive NaNO2. To assess behavioural repercussions, the animals were evaluated in Open Field, Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM), and Forced Swim tests before and after injury to evaluate locomotion, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Markers of stress were evaluated by measuring the blood levels of cortisol, glucose, cholesterol, and lactate. The presence of hippocampal lesions was verified by histologically studying the CA1-CA4 areas. Sections of the cerebellum were also evaluated because Purkinje cells are highly sensitive to ischaemic hypoxia and may serve as markers for this process. RESULTS The number of neurons with lesions was significantly higher in animals exposed to NaNO2 in the hippocampus areas CA2, CA3, and CA4. The cerebellum was also very vulnerable to hypoxia, presenting extensive lesion áreas. These results are correlated with the parameters of the anxiety and depression tests. CONCLUSION NaNO2 promoted brain damage due to ischaemic hypoxia in rats. Intoxicated animals showed decreased brain weights; damage in hippocampus and cerebellum; and anxiogenic and depressive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cláudia Ribeiro
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Aluízio Carlos Soares
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Boechat-Ramos
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Pirani Carneiro
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Rosana Ferreira Faro
- University of Vigo, Faculty of Biology, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Mônica Valero da Silva
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Papa Vieira
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Vania Moraes Ferreira
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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Inhibition of iNOS alleviates cognitive deficits and depression in diabetic mice through downregulating the NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG signal pathway. Behav Brain Res 2017; 322:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Eynan M, Biram A, Mullokandov M, Kronfeld-Schor N, Paz-Cohen R, Menajem D, Arieli Y. The transition from day-to-night activity is a risk factor for the development of CNS oxygen toxicity in the diurnal fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus). Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:578-586. [PMID: 28156158 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1281822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Performance and safety are impaired in employees engaged in shift work. Combat divers who use closed-circuit oxygen diving apparatus undergo part of their training during the night hours. The greatest risk involved in diving with such apparatus is the development of central nervous system oxygen toxicity (CNS-OT). We investigated whether the switch from day-to-night activity may be a risk factor for the development of CNS-OT using a diurnal animal model, the fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus). Animals were kept on a 12:12 light-dark schedule (6 a.m. to 6 p.m. at 500 lx). The study included two groups: (1) Control group: animals were kept awake and active during the day, between 09:00 and 15:00. (2) Experimental group: animals were kept awake and active during the night, between 21:00 and 03:00, when they were exposed to dim light in order to simulate the conditions prevalent during combat diver training. This continued for a period of 3 weeks, 5 days a week. On completion of this phase, 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (6-SMT) levels in urine were determined over a period of 24 h. Animals were then exposed to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). To investigate the effect of acute melatonin administration, melatonin (50 mg/kg) or its vehicle was administered to the animals in both groups 20 min prior to HBO exposure. After the exposure, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase was measured, as were the levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and overall nitrotyrosylation in the cortex and hippocampus. Latency to CNS-OT was significantly reduced after the transition from day-to-night activity. This was associated with alterations in the level of melatonin metabolites secreted in the urine. Acute melatonin administration had no effect on latency to CNS-OT in either of the groups. Nevertheless, the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as nitrotyrosine and nNOS levels, were altered in the hippocampus following melatonin administration. On the basis of these results, we suggest that a switch from diurnal to nocturnal activity may represent an additional risk factor for the development of CNS-OT. Utilizing a diurnal animal model may contribute to our understanding of the heightened risk of developing CNS-OT when diving with closed-circuit oxygen apparatus at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirit Eynan
- a Israel Naval Medical Institute , IDF Medical Corps , Haifa , Israel
| | - Adi Biram
- a Israel Naval Medical Institute , IDF Medical Corps , Haifa , Israel
| | | | | | - Rotem Paz-Cohen
- b Department of Zoology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Dvir Menajem
- a Israel Naval Medical Institute , IDF Medical Corps , Haifa , Israel
| | - Yehuda Arieli
- a Israel Naval Medical Institute , IDF Medical Corps , Haifa , Israel
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Blanco S, Hernández R, Franchelli G, Ramos-Álvarez MM, Peinado MÁ. Melatonin influences NO/NOS pathway and reduces oxidative and nitrosative stress in a model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Nitric Oxide 2017; 62:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Shi Q, Liu X, Wang N, Zheng X, Ran J, Liu Z, Fu J, Zheng J. 1400W ameliorates acute hypobaric hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cognitive deficits by suppressing the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat cerebral cortex microglia. Behav Brain Res 2016; 319:188-199. [PMID: 27888018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in neuronal modifications, and overproduction of NO contributes to memory deficits after acute hypobaric hypoxia-reoxygenation. This study investigated the ability of the iNOS inhibitor 1400W to counteract spatial memory deficits following acute hypobaric hypoxia-reoxygenation, and to affect expression of NOS, NO, 3-NT and MDA production, and apoptosis in rat cerebral cortex. We also used primary rat microglia to investigate the effect of 1400W on expression of NOS, NO, 3-NT and MDA production, and apoptosis. Acute hypobaric hypoxia-reoxygenation impaired spatial memory, and was accompanied by activated microglia, increased iNOS expression, NO, 3-NT and MDA production, and neuronal cell apoptosis in rat cerebral cortex one day post-reoxygenation. 1400W treatment inhibited iNOS expression without affecting nNOS or eNOS. 1400W also reduced NO, 3-NT and MDA production, and prevented neuronal cell apoptosis in cerebral cortex, in addition to reversing spatial memory impairment after acute hypobaric hypoxia-reoxygenation. Hypoxia-reoxygenation activated primary microglia, and increased iNOS and nNOS expression, NO, 3-NT, and MDA production, and apoptosis. Treatment with 1400W inhibited iNOS expression without affecting nNOS, reduced NO, 3-NT and MDA production, and prevented apoptosis in primary microglia. Based on the above findings, we concluded that the highly selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W inhibited iNOS induction in microglial cells, and reduced generation of NO, thereby mitigating oxidative stress and neuronal cell apoptosis in the rat cerebral cortex, and improving the spatial memory dysfunction caused by acute hypobaric hypoxia-reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Shi
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xinchuan Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jihua Ran
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhengxiang Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianfeng Fu
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Exogenous daytime melatonin modulates response of adolescent mice in a repeated unpredictable stress paradigm. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 390:149-161. [PMID: 27844092 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The immediate and short-term behavioural and physiological implications of exposure to stressful scenarios in the adolescent period are largely unknown; however, increases in occurrence of stress-related physiological and psychological disorders during puberty highlight the need to study substances that may modulate stress reactivity during a crucial stage of maturation. Seven groups of mice (12-15 g each) were administered distilled water (DW) (non-stressed and stressed controls), sertraline (10 mg/kg), diazepam (2 mg/kg) or one of three doses of melatonin (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg). Mice were exposed to 30 min of chronic mild stress (25 min of cage shaking, cage tilting, handling and 5 min of forced swimming in tepid warm water at 25 °C, in a random order) after administration of DW or drugs, daily for 21 days. Behavioural assessments were conducted on day 1 and day 21 (after which mice were sacrificed, blood taken for estimation of corticosterone levels and brain homogenates used for estimation of antioxidant activities). Administration of melatonin resulted in an increase in horizontal locomotion and self-grooming, while rearing showed a time-dependent increase, compared to non-stress and stress controls. Working memory improved with increasing doses of melatonin (compared to controls and diazepam); in comparison to setraline however, working memory decreased. A dose-related anxiolytic effect is seen when melatonin is compared to non-stressed and stressed controls. Melatonin administration reduced the systemic/oxidant response to repeated stress. Administration of melatonin in repeatedly stressed adolescent mice was associated with improved central excitation, enhancement of working memory, anxiolysis and reduced systemic response to stress.
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Paterniti I, Cordaro M, Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S. The antioxidative property of melatonin against brain ischemia. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:841-8. [PMID: 27108742 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1182020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review briefly summarizes some of the large amount of data documenting the ability of melatonin to limit molecular and organ tissue damage in neural ischemia-reperfusion injury (stroke), where free radicals are generally considered as being responsible for much of the resulting tissue destruction. AREA COVERED Melatonin actions that have been identified include its ability to directly neutralize a number of toxic reactants and stimulate antioxidative enzymes. Furthermore, several of its metabolites such as N(1)-acetyl-N(2)-formyl-5- methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N(1)-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMF), are themselves scavengers suggesting that there is a cascade of reactions that greatly increase the efficacy of melatonin. Expert Commentary: However, the mechanisms by which melatonin is protective in such widely diverse areas of the cell and different organs are likely not yet all identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Paterniti
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy.,b Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
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Areco V, Rodriguez V, Marchionatti A, Carpentieri A, Tolosa de Talamoni N. Melatonin not only restores but also prevents the inhibition of the intestinal Ca(2+) absorption caused by glutathione depleting drugs. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 197:16-22. [PMID: 26970583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that melatonin (MEL) blocks the inhibition of the intestinal Ca(2+) absorption caused by menadione (MEN). The purpose of this study were to determine whether MEL not only restores but also prevents the intestinal Ca(2+) absorption inhibited either by MEN or BSO, two drugs that deplete glutathione (GSH) in different ways, and to analyze the mechanisms by which MEN and MEL alter the movement of Ca(2+) across the duodenum. To know this, chicks were divided into four groups: 1) controls, 2) MEN treated, 3) MEL treated, and 4) treated sequentially with MEN and MEL or with MEN and MEL at the same time. In a set of experiments, chicks treated with BSO or sequentially with BSO and MEL or with BSO and MEL at the same time were used. MEL not only restored but also prevented the inhibition of the chick intestinal Ca(2+) absorption produced by either MEN or BSO. MEN altered the protein expression of molecules involved in the transcellular as well as in the paracellular pathway of the intestinal Ca(2+) absorption. MEL restored partially both pathways through normalization of the O2(-) levels. The nitrergic system was not altered by any treatment. In conclusion, MEL prevents or restores the inhibition of the intestinal Ca(2+) absorption caused by different GSH depleting drugs. It might become one drug for the treatment of intestinal Ca(2+) absorption under oxidant conditions having the advantage of low or null side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Areco
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valeria Rodriguez
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Marchionatti
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Agata Carpentieri
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nori Tolosa de Talamoni
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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