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Kumar J, Saini DK, Kumar A, Kumari S, Gahlaut V, Rahim MS, Pandey AK, Garg M, Roy J. Biofortification of Triticum species: a stepping stone to combat malnutrition. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:668. [PMID: 39004715 PMCID: PMC11247745 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofortification represents a promising and sustainable strategy for mitigating global nutrient deficiencies. However, its successful implementation poses significant challenges. Among staple crops, wheat emerges as a prime candidate to address these nutritional gaps. Wheat biofortification offers a robust approach to enhance wheat cultivars by elevating the micronutrient levels in grains, addressing one of the most crucial global concerns in the present era. MAIN TEXT Biofortification is a promising, but complex avenue, with numerous limitations and challenges to face. Notably, micronutrients such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and copper (Cu) can significantly impact human health. Improving Fe, Zn, Se, and Cu contents in wheat could be therefore relevant to combat malnutrition. In this review, particular emphasis has been placed on understanding the extent of genetic variability of micronutrients in diverse Triticum species, along with their associated mechanisms of uptake, translocation, accumulation and different classical to advanced approaches for wheat biofortification. CONCLUSIONS By delving into micronutrient variability in Triticum species and their associated mechanisms, this review underscores the potential for targeted wheat biofortification. By integrating various approaches, from conventional breeding to modern biotechnological interventions, the path is paved towards enhancing the nutritional value of this vital crop, promising a brighter and healthier future for global food security and human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Supriya Kumari
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Department of Biotechnology, University Center for Research and Development Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Mohammed Saba Rahim
- CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Joy Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Evans C, Mogg SL, Soraru C, Wallington E, Coates J, Borrill P. Wheat NAC transcription factor NAC5-1 is a positive regulator of senescence. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e620. [PMID: 38962173 PMCID: PMC11217990 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important source of both calories and protein in global diets, but there is a trade-off between grain yield and protein content. The timing of leaf senescence could mediate this trade-off as it is associated with both declines in photosynthesis and nitrogen remobilization from leaves to grain. NAC transcription factors play key roles in regulating senescence timing. In rice, OsNAC5 expression is correlated with increased protein content and upregulated in senescing leaves, but the role of the wheat ortholog in senescence had not been characterized. We verified that NAC5-1 is the ortholog of OsNAC5 and that it is expressed in senescing flag leaves in wheat. To characterize NAC5-1, we combined missense mutations in NAC5-A1 and NAC5-B1 from a TILLING mutant population and overexpressed NAC5-A1 in wheat. Mutation in NAC5-1 was associated with delayed onset of flag leaf senescence, while overexpression of NAC5-A1 was associated with slightly earlier onset of leaf senescence. DAP-seq was performed to locate transcription factor binding sites of NAC5-1. Analysis of DAP-seq and comparison with other studies identified putative downstream target genes of NAC5-1 which could be associated with senescence. This work showed that NAC5-1 is a positive transcriptional regulator of leaf senescence in wheat. Further research is needed to test the effect of NAC5-1 on yield and protein content in field trials, to assess the potential to exploit this senescence regulator to develop high-yielding wheat while maintaining grain protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Evans
- Department of Crop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreNorwichUK
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | | | | | - Juliet Coates
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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3
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Zhou L, Chang G, Shen C, Teng W, He X, Zhao X, Jing Y, Huang Z, Tong Y. Functional divergences of natural variations of TaNAM-A1 in controlling leaf senescence during wheat grain filling. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1242-1260. [PMID: 38656698 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an essential physiological process related to grain yield potential and nutritional quality. Green leaf duration (GLD) after anthesis directly reflects the leaf senescence process and exhibits large genotypic differences in common wheat; however, the underlying gene regulatory mechanism is still lacking. Here, we identified TaNAM-A1 as the causal gene of the major loci qGLD-6A for GLD during grain filling by map-based cloning. Transgenic assays and TILLING mutant analyses demonstrated that TaNAM-A1 played a critical role in regulating leaf senescence, and also affected spike length and grain size. Furthermore, the functional divergences among the three haplotypes of TaNAM-A1 were systematically evaluated. Wheat varieties with TaNAM-A1d (containing two mutations in the coding DNA sequence of TaNAM-A1) exhibited a longer GLD and superior yield-related traits compared to those with the wild type TaNAM-A1a. All three haplotypes were functional in activating the expression of genes involved in macromolecule degradation and mineral nutrient remobilization, with TaNAM-A1a showing the strongest activity and TaNAM-A1d the weakest. TaNAM-A1 also modulated the expression of the senescence-related transcription factors TaNAC-S-7A and TaNAC016-3A. TaNAC016-3A enhanced the transcriptional activation ability of TaNAM-A1a by protein-protein interaction, thereby promoting the senescence process. Our study offers new insights into the fine-tuning of the leaf functional period and grain yield formation for wheat breeding under various geographical climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guowei Chang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chuncai Shen
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wan Teng
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xue He
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xueqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanfu Jing
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhixiong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiping Tong
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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4
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Esposito S, Vitale P, Taranto F, Saia S, Pecorella I, D'Agostino N, Rodriguez M, Natoli V, De Vita P. Simultaneous improvement of grain yield and grain protein concentration in durum wheat by using association tests and weighted GBLUP. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:242. [PMID: 37947927 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Simultaneous improvement for GY and GPC by using GWAS and GBLUP suggested a significant application in durum wheat breeding. Despite the importance of grain protein concentration (GPC) in determining wheat quality, its negative correlation with grain yield (GY) is still one of the major challenges for breeders. Here, a durum wheat panel of 200 genotypes was evaluated for GY, GPC, and their derived indices (GPD and GYD), under eight different agronomic conditions. The plant material was genotyped with the Illumina 25 k iSelect array, and a genome-wide association study was performed. Two statistical models revealed dozens of marker-trait associations (MTAs), each explaining up to 30%. phenotypic variance. Two markers on chromosomes 2A and 6B were consistently identified by both models and were found to be significantly associated with GY and GPC. MTAs identified for phenological traits co-mapped to well-known genes (i.e., Ppd-1, Vrn-1). The significance values (p-values) that measure the strength of the association of each single nucleotide polymorphism marker with the target traits were used to perform genomic prediction by using a weighted genomic best linear unbiased prediction model. The trained models were ultimately used to predict the agronomic performances of an independent durum wheat panel, confirming the utility of genomic prediction, although environmental conditions and genetic backgrounds may still be a challenge to overcome. The results generated through our study confirmed the utility of GPD and GYD to mitigate the inverse GY and GPC relationship in wheat, provided novel markers for marker-assisted selection and opened new ways to develop cultivars through genomic prediction approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Esposito
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitale
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Science, Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Taranto
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Saia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56129, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivano Pecorella
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nunzio D'Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Monica Rodriguez
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Natoli
- Genetic Services SRL, Contrada Catenaccio, snc, 71026, Deliceto, FG, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
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5
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Sánchez-Palacios JT, Henry D, Penrose B, Bell R. Formulation of zinc foliar sprays for wheat grain biofortification: a review of current applications and future perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1247600. [PMID: 37854115 PMCID: PMC10581344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1247600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Agronomic biofortification of wheat grain with zinc can improve the condition of about one billion people suffering from zinc (Zn) deficiency. However, with the challenge of cultivating high-yielding wheat varieties in Zn-deficient soils and the global need to produce higher-quality food that nourishes the growing population, innovation in the strategies to deliver Zn directly to plants will come into play. Consequently, existing foliar formulations will need further refinement to maintain the high agronomic productivity required in competitive global grain markets while meeting the dietary Zn intake levels recommended for humans. A new generation of foliar fertilisers that increase the amount of Zn assimilated in wheat plants and the translocation efficiency of Zn from leaves to grains can be a promising solution. Research on the efficacy of adjuvants and emerging nano-transporters relative to conventional Zn forms applied as foliar fertilisers to wheat has expanded rapidly in recent years. This review scopes the range of evidence available in the literature regarding the biofortification of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) resulting from foliar applications of conventional Zn forms, Zn nanoparticles and novel Zn-foliar formulations. We examine the foliar application strategies and the attained final concentration of grain Zn. We propose a conceptual model for the response of grain Zn biofortification of wheat to foliar Zn application rates. This review discusses some physiological aspects of transportation of foliarly applied Zn that need further investigation. Finally, we explore the prospects of engineering foliar nano-formulations that could effectively overcome the physicochemical barrier to delivering Zn to wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Tonatiuh Sánchez-Palacios
- SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Henry
- Chemistry, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Beth Penrose
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Research Institute for Northern Agriculture, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Brinkin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Richard Bell
- SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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6
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Li H, Liu H, Hao C, Li T, Liu Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Zheng J, Zhang X. The auxin response factor TaARF15-A1 negatively regulates senescence in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1254-1271. [PMID: 36282536 PMCID: PMC9922429 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays an important role in regulating leaf senescence. Auxin response factors (ARFs) are crucial components of the auxin signaling pathway; however, their roles in leaf senescence in cereal crops are unknown. In this study, we identified TaARF15-A1 as a negative regulator of senescence in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by analyzing TaARF15-A1 overexpression (OE) and RNA interference lines and CRISPR/Cas9-based arf15 mutants. OE of TaARF15-A1 delayed senescence, whereas knockdown lines and knockout mutants showed accelerated leaf senescence and grain ripening. RNA-seq analysis revealed that TaARF15-A1 delays leaf senescence by negatively regulating senescence-promoting processes and positively modulating senescence-delaying genes including senescence-associated phytohormone biosynthesis and metabolism genes as well as transcription factors (TFs). We also demonstrated that TaARF15-A1 physically interacts with TaMYC2, a core jasmonic acid (JA) signaling TF that positively modulates wheat senescence. Furthermore, TaARF15-A1 suppressed the expression of TaNAM-1 (TaNAM-A1 and TaNAM-D1) via protein-protein interaction and competition with TaMYC2 for binding to its promoter to regulate senescence. Finally, we identified two haplotypes of TaARF15-A1 in global wheat collections. Association analysis revealed that TaARF15-A1-HapI has undergone strong selection during wheat breeding in China, likely owing to its earlier maturity. Thus, we identify TaARF15-A1 as a negative regulator of senescence in common wheat and present another perspective on the crosstalk between auxin and JA signaling pathways in regulating plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunchuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Chen Y, Guo Y, Guan P, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Qin Z, Ma S, Xin M, Hu Z, Yao Y, Ni Z, Sun Q, Guo W, Peng H. A wheat integrative regulatory network from large-scale complementary functional datasets enables trait-associated gene discovery for crop improvement. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:393-414. [PMID: 36575796 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gene regulation is central to all aspects of organism growth, and understanding it using large-scale functional datasets can provide a whole view of biological processes controlling complex phenotypic traits in crops. However, the connection between massive functional datasets and trait-associated gene discovery for crop improvement is still lacking. In this study, we constructed a wheat integrative gene regulatory network (wGRN) by combining an updated genome annotation and diverse complementary functional datasets, including gene expression, sequence motif, transcription factor (TF) binding, chromatin accessibility, and evolutionarily conserved regulation. wGRN contains 7.2 million genome-wide interactions covering 5947 TFs and 127 439 target genes, which were further verified using known regulatory relationships, condition-specific expression, gene functional information, and experiments. We used wGRN to assign genome-wide genes to 3891 specific biological pathways and accurately prioritize candidate genes associated with complex phenotypic traits in genome-wide association studies. In addition, wGRN was used to enhance the interpretation of a spike temporal transcriptome dataset to construct high-resolution networks. We further unveiled novel regulators that enhance the power of spike phenotypic trait prediction using machine learning and contribute to the spike phenotypic differences among modern wheat accessions. Finally, we developed an interactive webserver, wGRN (http://wheat.cau.edu.cn/wGRN), for the community to explore gene regulation and discover trait-associated genes. Collectively, this community resource establishes the foundation for using large-scale functional datasets to guide trait-associated gene discovery for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Panfeng Guan
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongfa Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengwei Ma
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huiru Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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8
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Roy C, Kumar S, Ranjan RD, Kumhar SR, Govindan V. Genomic approaches for improving grain zinc and iron content in wheat. Front Genet 2022; 13:1045955. [PMID: 36437911 PMCID: PMC9683485 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1045955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
More than three billion people worldwide suffer from iron deficiency associated anemia and an equal number people suffer from zinc deficiency. These conditions are more prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In developing countries, children under the age of five with stunted growth and pregnant or lactating women were found to be at high risk of zinc and iron deficiencies. Biofortification, defined as breeding to develop varieties of staple food crops whose grain contains higher levels of micronutrients such as iron and zinc, are one of the most promising, cost-effective and sustainable ways to improve the health in resource-poor households, particularly in rural areas where families consume some part of what they grow. Biofortification through conventional breeding in wheat, particularly for grain zinc and iron, have made significant contributions, transferring important genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from wild and related species into cultivated wheat. Nonetheless, the quantitative, genetically complex nature of iron and zinc levels in wheat grain limits progress through conventional breeding, making it difficult to attain genetic gain both for yield and grain mineral concentrations. Wheat biofortification can be achieved by enhancing mineral uptake, source-to-sink translocation of minerals and their deposition into grains, and the bioavailability of the minerals. A number of QTLs with major and minor effects for those traits have been detected in wheat; introducing the most effective into breeding lines will increase grain zinc and iron concentrations. New approaches to achieve this include marker assisted selection and genomic selection. Faster breeding approaches need to be combined to simultaneously increase grain mineral content and yield in wheat breeding lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Roy
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Rakesh Deo Ranjan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Sita Ram Kumhar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Velu Govindan
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
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9
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Orlovskaya OA, Vakula SI, Yatsevich KK, Khotyleva LV, Kilchevsky AV. Productivity and grain nutritional value traits in wheat genotypes with different NAM-B1 gene allelic variations. DOKLADY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF BELARUS 2022. [DOI: 10.29235/1561-8323-2022-66-5-517-524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The identification of a functional NAM-B1 allele associated with a high content of grain protein and essential microelements in wheat relatives increased the distant hybridization significance for bread wheat nutritional value. The allelic polymorphism of the NAM-B1 gene in 22 wheat lines with a genetic material of T. dicoccoides, T. dicoccum, T. spelta, T. kiharаe and their parental forms and the effects of NAM-B1 gene allelic variations on the content of grain protein and essential microelements and productivity traits (vegetation period 2017–2021) were evaluated. The functional NAM-B1 allele was identified only in the samples of wheat relatives among the parental forms. All parental varieties and most of introgressive lines (77.3 %) had a non-functional allele. The genotypes with the functional NAM-B1 allele were characterized by a higher plant height and tillering, but by lower spike productivity compared to the non-functional allele genotypes. The presence of the functional NAM-B1 allele provided a high level of grain protein and zinc content and never decreased significantly a thousand-kernel weight across all studied environments. The functional NAM-B1 allele introgression could be a resource for improving the grain wheat nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Orlovskaya
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
| | - S. I. Vakula
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
| | - K. K. Yatsevich
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
| | - L. V. Khotyleva
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
| | - A. V. Kilchevsky
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
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10
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Cohen M, Hertweck K, Itkin M, Malitsky S, Dassa B, Fischer AM, Fluhr R. Enhanced proteostasis, lipid remodeling, and nitrogen remobilization define barley flag leaf senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6816-6837. [PMID: 35918065 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a developmental process allowing nutrient remobilization to sink organs. We characterized flag leaf senescence at 7, 14, and 21 d past anthesis in two near-isogenic barley lines varying in the allelic state of the HvNAM1 transcription factor gene, which influences senescence timing. Metabolomics and microscopy indicated that, as senescence progressed, thylakoid lipids were transiently converted to neutral lipids accumulating in lipid droplets. Senescing leaves also exhibited an accumulation of sugars including glucose, while nitrogen compounds (nucleobases, nucleotides, and amino acids) decreased. RNA-Seq analysis suggested lipid catabolism via β-oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle, producing carbon skeletons and feeding respiration as a replacement of the diminished carbon supply from photosynthesis. Comparison of the two barley lines highlighted a more prominent up-regulation of heat stress transcription factor- and chaperone-encoding genes in the late-senescing line, suggesting a role for these genes in the control of leaf longevity. While numerous genes with putative roles in nitrogen remobilization were up-regulated in both lines, several peptidases, nucleases, and nitrogen transporters were more highly induced in the early-senescing line; this finding identifies processes and specific candidates which may affect nitrogen remobilization from senescing barley leaves, downstream of the HvNAM1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Cohen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kendra Hertweck
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bareket Dassa
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andreas M Fischer
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Robert Fluhr
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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11
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Identification of temporally distributed candidate genes for high iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Zeibig F, Kilian B, Frei M. The grain quality of wheat wild relatives in the evolutionary context. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4029-4048. [PMID: 34919152 PMCID: PMC9729140 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-04013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the potential of wheat wild relatives for the improvement in grain quality characteristics including micronutrients (Fe, Zn) and gluten and identified diploid wheats and the timopheevii lineage as the most promising resources. Domestication enabled the advancement of civilization through modification of plants according to human requirements. Continuous selection and cultivation of domesticated plants induced genetic bottlenecks. However, ancient diversity has been conserved in crop wild relatives. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Triticum durum Desf.) is one of the most important staple foods and was among the first domesticated crop species. Its evolutionary diversity includes diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species from the Triticum and Aegilops taxa and different genomes, generating an AA, BBAA/GGAA and BBAADD/GGAAAmAm genepool, respectively. Breeding and improvement in wheat altered its grain quality. In this review, we identified evolutionary patterns and the potential of wheat wild relatives for quality improvement regarding the micronutrients Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn), the gluten storage proteins α-gliadins and high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), and the secondary metabolite phenolics. Generally, the timopheevii lineage has been neglected to date regarding grain quality studies. Thus, the timopheevii lineage should be subject to grain quality research to explore the full diversity of the wheat gene pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Zeibig
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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13
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Andleeb T, Knight E, Borrill P. Wheat NAM genes regulate the majority of early monocarpic senescence transcriptional changes including nitrogen remobilization genes. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 13:6760127. [PMID: 36226803 PMCID: PMC9911049 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Senescence enables the remobilization of nitrogen and micronutrients from vegetative tissues of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) into the grain. Understanding the molecular players in this process will enable the breeding of wheat lines with tailored grain nutrient content. The NAC transcription factor NAM-B1 is associated with earlier senescence and higher levels of grain protein, iron, and zinc contents due to increased nutrient remobilization. To investigate how related NAM genes control nitrogen remobilization at the molecular level, we carried out a comparative transcriptomic study using flag leaves at 7 time points (3, 7, 10, 13, 15, 19, and 26 days after anthesis) in wild type and NAM RNA interference lines with reduced NAM gene expression. Approximately 2.5 times more genes were differentially expressed in wild type than NAM RNA interference plants during this early senescence time course (6,508 vs 2,605 genes). In both genotypes, differentially expressed genes were enriched for gene ontology terms related to photosynthesis, hormones, amino acid transport, and nitrogen metabolism. However, nitrogen metabolism genes including glutamine synthetase (GS1 and GS2), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and asparagine synthetase (ASN1) showed stronger or earlier differential expression in wild-type than in NAM RNA interference plants, consistent with higher nitrogen remobilization. The use of time course data identified the dynamics of NAM-regulated and NAM-independent gene expression changes during senescence and provides an entry point to functionally characterize the pathways regulating senescence and nutrient remobilization in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Andleeb
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK,Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan
| | - Emilie Knight
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Philippa Borrill
- Corresponding author: Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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14
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Lei L, Wu D, Cui C, Gao X, Yao Y, Dong J, Xu L, Yang M. Transcriptome Analysis of Early Senescence in the Post-Anthesis Flag Leaf of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2593. [PMID: 36235459 PMCID: PMC9572001 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flag leaf senescence is an important determinant of wheat yield, as leaf senescence occurs in a coordinated manner during grain filling. However, the biological process of early senescence of flag leaves post-anthesis is not clear. In this study, early senescence in wheat was investigated using a high-throughput RNA sequencing technique. A total of 4887 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and any showing drastic expression changes were then linked to particular biological processes. A hierarchical cluster analysis implied potential relationships between NAC genes and post-anthesis senescence in the flag leaf. In addition, a large set of genes associated with the synthesis; transport; and signaling of multiple phytohormones (JA, ABA, IAA, ET, SA, BR, and CTK) were expressed differentially, and many DEGs related to ABA and IAA were identified. Our results provide insight into the molecular processes taking place during the early senescence of flag leaves, which may provide useful information in improving wheat yield in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lei
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
- Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Meteria Medica, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Chao Cui
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
- Wheat Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Yanjie Yao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Jian Dong
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
- Wheat Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Liangsheng Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
- Wheat Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712000, China
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15
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Kaznina NM, Dubovets NI, Repkina NS, Batova YV, Ignatenko AA, Orlovskaya OA, Titov AF. The HMA2 Gene Expression in Leaves of Introgressive Wheat Lines under Zn Optimum and Deficiency Content in Root Environment. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2022; 505:141-144. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672922040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Kenzhebayeva S, Atabayeva S, Sarsu F, Abekova A, Shoinbekova S, Omirbekova N, Doktyrbay G, Beisenova A, Shavrukov Y. Organ-specific expression of genes involved in iron homeostasis in wheat mutant lines with increased grain iron and zinc content. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13515. [PMID: 35707120 PMCID: PMC9190668 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron deficiency is a well-known nutritional disorder, and the imbalance of trace-elements, specifically iron, is the most common nutrient deficiency of foods across the world, including in Kazakhstan. Wheat has significant nutritional relevance, especially in the provision of iron, however many bread wheat varieties have low iron despite the need for human nourishment. In this study, the expression profiles of wheat homologous genes related to iron homeostasis were investigated. The work resulted in the development of two new M5 mutant lines of spring bread wheat through gamma-irradiation (200 Gy) with higher grain iron and zinc content, lower phytic acid content, and enhanced iron bioavailability compared to the parent variety. Mutant lines were also characterized by higher means of yield associated traits such as grain number per main spike, grain weight per main spike, grain weight per plant, and thousand-grain weight. Methods The homologous genes of bread wheat from several groups were selected for gene expression studies exploring the tight control of iron uptake, translocation rate and accumulation in leaves and roots, and comprised the following: (1) S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMS), nicotianamine synthase (NAS1), nicotianamine aminotransferase (NAAT), deoxymugineic acid synthetase (DMAS), involved in the synthesis and release of phytosiderophores; (2) transcription factor basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH); (3) transporters of mugineic acid (TOM), involved in long-distance iron transport; (4) yellow stripe-like (YSlA), and the vacuolar transporter (VIT2), involved in intracellular iron transport and storage; and lastly (5) natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) and ferritin (Fer1A). Results The wheat homologous genes TaSAMS, TaNAS1, and TaDMAS, were significantly up-regulated in the roots of both mutant lines by 2.1-4.7-fold compared to the parent variety. The combined over-expression of TaYSlA and TaVIT2 was also revealed in the roots of mutant lines by 1.3-2.7-fold. In one of the mutant lines, genes encoding intracellular iron transport and storage genes TaNRAMP and TaFer1A-D showed significant up-regulation in roots and leaves (by 1.4- and 3.5-fold, respectively). The highest expression was recorded in the transcription factor TabHLH, which was expressed 13.1- and 30.2-fold in the roots of mutant lines. Our research revealed that genotype-dependent and organ-specific gene expression profiles can provide new insights into iron uptake, translocation rate, storage, and regulation in wheat which aid the prioritization of gene targets for iron biofortification and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saule Kenzhebayeva
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Saule Atabayeva
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Fatma Sarsu
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alfiya Abekova
- Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan
| | - Sabina Shoinbekova
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nargul Omirbekova
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulina Doktyrbay
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizhan Beisenova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuri Shavrukov
- College of Science and Engineering (Biological Sciences), Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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17
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Kong D, Khan SA, Wu H, Liu Y, Ling HQ. Biofortification of iron and zinc in rice and wheat. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1157-1167. [PMID: 35396901 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron and zinc are critical micronutrients for human health. Approximately two billion people suffer from iron and zinc deficiencies worldwide, most of whom rely on rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) as staple foods. Therefore, biofortifying rice and wheat with iron and zinc is an important and economical approach to ameliorate these nutritional deficiencies. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to iron and zinc uptake, translocation, storage, and signaling pathways in rice and wheat. We then discuss current progress in efforts to biofortify rice and wheat with iron and zinc. Finally, we provide future perspectives for the biofortification of rice and wheat with iron and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Kong
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, 332900, Jiangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sabaz Ali Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad-Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Huilan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, 332900, Jiangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hong-Qing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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18
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Amini S, Arsova B, Hanikenne M. The molecular basis of zinc homeostasis in cereals. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1339-1361. [PMID: 35037265 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants require zinc (Zn) as an essential cofactor for diverse molecular, cellular and physiological functions. Zn is crucial for crop yield, but is one of the most limiting micronutrients in soils. Grasses like rice, wheat, maize and barley are crucial sources of food and nutrients for humans. Zn deficiency in these species therefore not only reduces annual yield but also directly results in Zn malnutrition of more than two billion people in the world. There has been good progress in understanding Zn homeostasis and Zn deficiency mechanisms in plants. However, our current knowledge of monocots, including grasses, remains insufficient. In this review, we provide a summary of our knowledge of molecular Zn homeostasis mechanisms in monocots, with a focus on important cereal crops. We additionally highlight divergences in Zn homeostasis of monocots and the dicot model Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as important gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed in future research on Zn homeostasis in cereal monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Amini
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Borjana Arsova
- Root Dynamics Group, IBG-2 - Plant Sciences, Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG), Forschungszentrum, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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19
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Kumar A, Kaur G, Singh P, Meena V, Sharma S, Tiwari M, Bauer P, Pandey AK. Strategies and Bottlenecks in Hexaploid Wheat to Mobilize Soil Iron to Grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:863849. [PMID: 35574143 PMCID: PMC9100831 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.863849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of iron (Fe) uptake and mobilization in plants is mainly based on Arabidopsis and rice. Although multiple players of Fe homeostasis have been elucidated, there is a significant gap in our understanding of crop species, such as wheat. It is, therefore, imperative not only to understand the different hurdles for Fe enrichment in tissues but also to address specifically the knowns/unknowns involved in the plausible mechanism of Fe sensing, signaling, transport, and subsequent storage in plants. In the present review, a unique perspective has been described in light of recent knowledge generated in wheat, an economically important crop. The strategies to boost efficient Fe uptake, transcriptional regulation, and long-distance mobilization in grains have been discussed, emphasizing recent biotechnological routes to load Fe in grains. This article also highlights the new elements of physiological and molecular genetics that underpin the mechanistic insight for the identified Fe-related genes and discusses the bottlenecks in unloading the Fe in grains. The information presented here will provide much-needed resources and directions to overcome challenges and design efficient strategies to enhance the Fe density in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Gazaldeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Palvinder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Varsha Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
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20
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The Dynamics of Phosphorus Uptake and Remobilization during the Grain Development Period in Durum Wheat Plants. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081006. [PMID: 35448734 PMCID: PMC9029974 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-anthesis phosphorus (P) uptake and the remobilization of the previously acquired P are the principal sources of grain P nutrition in wheat. However, how the acquired P reaches the grains and its partitioning at the whole plant level remain poorly understood. Here, the temporal dynamics of the newly acquired P in durum wheat organs and its allocation to grain were examined using pulse-chase 32P-labeling experiments at 5 and 14 days after anthesis. Durum wheat plants were grown hydroponically under high and low P supplies. Each labeling experiment lasted for 24 h. Plants were harvested 24, 48, and 96 h after labeling. Low and high P treatments significantly affected the allocation of the newly acquired P at the whole plant level. Three days (96 h) after the first 32P-labeling, 8% and 4% of the newly acquired P from exogenous solution were allocated to grains, 73% and 55% to the remainder aboveground organs, and 19% and 41% to the roots at low and high P supplies, respectively. Three days after the second labeling, the corresponding values were 48% and 20% in grains, 44% and 53% in the remainder aboveground organs, and 8% and 27% in roots at low and high P supplies, respectively. These results reveal that the dynamics of P allocation to grain was faster in plants grown under low P supply than under high supply. However, the obtained results also indicate that the origin of P accumulated in durum wheat grains was mainly from P remobilization with little contribution from post-anthesis P uptake. The present study emphasizes the role of vegetative organs as temporary storage of P taken up during the grain filling period before its final allocation to grains.
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21
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Gupta PK, Balyan HS, Chhuneja P, Jaiswal JP, Tamhankar S, Mishra VK, Bains NS, Chand R, Joshi AK, Kaur S, Kaur H, Mavi GS, Oak M, Sharma A, Srivastava P, Sohu VS, Prasad P, Agarwal P, Akhtar M, Badoni S, Chaudhary R, Gahlaut V, Gangwar RP, Gautam T, Jaiswal V, Kumar RS, Kumar S, Shamshad M, Singh A, Taygi S, Vasistha NK, Vishwakarma MK. Pyramiding of genes for grain protein content, grain quality, and rust resistance in eleven Indian bread wheat cultivars: a multi-institutional effort. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:21. [PMID: 37309458 PMCID: PMC10248633 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of grain protein content (GPC), loaf volume, and resistance to rusts was achieved in 11 Indian wheat cultivars that are widely grown in four different agro-climatic zones of India. This involved use of marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) for introgression and pyramiding of the following genes: (i) the high GPC gene Gpc-B1; (ii) HMW glutenin subunits 5 + 10 at Glu-D1 loci, and (iii) rust resistance genes, Yr36, Yr15, Lr24, and Sr24. GPC increased by 0.8 to 3.3%, although high GPC was generally associated with yield penalty. Further selection among high GPC lines allowed identification of progenies with higher GPC associated with improvement in 1000-grain weight and grain yield in the backgrounds of the following four cultivars: NI5439, UP2338, UP2382, and HUW468. The high GPC progenies (derived from NI5439) were also improved for grain quality using HMW glutenin subunits 5 + 10 at Glu-D1 loci. Similarly, progenies combining high GPC and rust resistance were obtained in the backgrounds of following five cultivars: Lok1, HD2967, PBW550, PBW621, and DBW1. The improved pre-bred lines developed following multi-institutional effort should prove a valuable source for the development of cultivars with improved nutritional quality and rust resistance in the ongoing wheat breeding programmes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01277-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra K. Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004 U.P. India
| | - Harindra S. Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004 U.P. India
| | - Parveen Chhuneja
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - Jai P. Jaiswal
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand), Pantnagar, 263145 India
| | - Shubhada Tamhankar
- Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh, Agarkar Rd, Shivajinagar, Pune, 411004 Maharashtra India
| | - Vinod K. Mishra
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, 221005 U.P India
| | - Navtej S. Bains
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - Ramesh Chand
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, 221005 U.P India
| | - Arun K. Joshi
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia, National Agricultural Science Centre (NASC) Complex, G2, B Block, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, New Delhi, 110012 India
- CIMMYT, National Agricultural Science Centre (NASC) Complex, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Satinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - Harinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - Gurvinder S. Mavi
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - Manoj Oak
- Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh, Agarkar Rd, Shivajinagar, Pune, 411004 Maharashtra India
| | - Achla Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - Puja Srivastava
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - Virinder S. Sohu
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - Pramod Prasad
- Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Flowerdale, Shimla, 171002 India
| | - Priyanka Agarwal
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004 U.P. India
| | - Moin Akhtar
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand), Pantnagar, 263145 India
| | - Saurabh Badoni
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand), Pantnagar, 263145 India
| | - Reeku Chaudhary
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand), Pantnagar, 263145 India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004 U.P. India
| | - Rishi Pal Gangwar
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand), Pantnagar, 263145 India
| | - Tinku Gautam
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004 U.P. India
| | - Vandana Jaiswal
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004 U.P. India
| | - Ravi Shekhar Kumar
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand), Pantnagar, 263145 India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004 U.P. India
| | - M. Shamshad
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand), Pantnagar, 263145 India
| | - Sandhya Taygi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004 U.P. India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Vasistha
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, 221005 U.P India
| | - Manish Kumar Vishwakarma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, 221005 U.P India
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22
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Genome-wide identification, characterization and relative expression analysis of putative iron homeostasis genes: NAS, NAAT, and DMAS in hexaploid wheat and its progenitors. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Yang Z, Yang F, Liu JL, Wu HT, Yang H, Shi Y, Liu J, Zhang YF, Luo YR, Chen KM. Heavy metal transporters: Functional mechanisms, regulation, and application in phytoremediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151099. [PMID: 34688763 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in soil is a global problem with serious impacts on human health and ecological security. Phytoextraction in phytoremediation, in which plants uptake and transport heavy metals (HMs) to the tissues of aerial parts, is the most environmentally friendly method to reduce the total amount of HMs in soil and has wide application prospects. However, the molecular mechanism of phytoextraction is still under investigation. The uptake, translocation, and retention of HMs in plants are mainly mediated by a variety of transporter proteins. A better understanding of the accumulation strategy of HMs via transporters in plants is a prerequisite for the improvement of phytoextraction. In this review, the biochemical structure and functions of HM transporter families in plants are systematically summarized, with emphasis on their roles in phytoremediation. The accumulation mechanism and regulatory pathways related to hormones, regulators, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of HMs concerning these transporters are described in detail. Scientific efforts and practices for phytoremediation carried out in recent years suggest that creation of hyperaccumulators by transgenic or gene editing techniques targeted to these transporters and their regulators is the ultimate powerful path for the phytoremediation of HM contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Guangdong Kaiyuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Kaiyuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhang
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Rong Luo
- Guangdong Kaiyuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523000, China.
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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24
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Adams Iii WW, Stewart JJ, Polutchko SK, Demmig-Adams B. Foliar sieve elements: Nexus of the leaf. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 269:153601. [PMID: 34953412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this review, a central position of foliar sieve elements in linking leaf structure and function is explored. Results from studies involving plants grown under, and acclimated to, different growth regimes are used to identify significant, linear relationships between features of minor vein sieve elements and those of 1) leaf photosynthetic capacity that drives sugar synthesis, 2) overall leaf structure that serves as the platform for sugar production, 3) phloem components that facilitate the loading of sugars (companion & phloem parenchyma cells), and 4) the tracheary elements that import water to support photosynthesis (and stomatal opening) as well as mass flow of sugars out of the leaf. Despite comprising only a small fraction of physical space within the leaf, sieve elements represent a hub through which multiple functions of the leaf intersect. As the conduits for export of energy-rich carbohydrates, essential mineral nutrients, and information carriers, sieve elements play a central role in fueling and orchestrating development and function of the plant as well as, by extension, of natural and human communities that depend on plants as producers and partners in the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Adams Iii
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Jared J Stewart
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Stephanie K Polutchko
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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25
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Grieco M, Schmidt M, Warnemünde S, Backhaus A, Klück HC, Garibay A, Tandrón Moya YA, Jozefowicz AM, Mock HP, Seiffert U, Maurer A, Pillen K. Dynamics and genetic regulation of leaf nutrient concentration in barley based on hyperspectral imaging and machine learning. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 315:111123. [PMID: 35067296 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification, the enrichment of nutrients in crop plants, is of increasing importance to improve human health. The wild barley nested association mapping (NAM) population HEB-25 was developed to improve agronomic traits including nutrient concentration. Here, we evaluated the potential of high-throughput hyperspectral imaging in HEB-25 to predict leaf concentration of 15 mineral nutrients, sampled from two field experiments and four developmental stages. Particularly accurate predictions were obtained by partial least squares regression (PLS) modeling of leaf concentrations for N, P and K reaching coefficients of determination of 0.90, 0.75 and 0.89, respectively. We recognized nutrient-specific patterns of variation of leaf nutrient concentration between developmental stages. A number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the simultaneous expression of leaf nutrients were detected, indicating their potential co-regulation in barley. For example, the wild barley allele of QTL-4H-1 simultaneously increased leaf concentration of N, P, K and Cu. Similar effects of the same QTL were previously reported for nutrient concentrations in grains, supporting a potential parallel regulation of N, P, K and Cu in leaves and grains of HEB-25. Our study provides a new approach for nutrient assessment in large-scale field experiments to ultimately select genes and genotypes supporting plant biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Grieco
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Maria Schmidt
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Sebastian Warnemünde
- Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation (IFF), Sandtorstraße 22, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Backhaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation (IFF), Sandtorstraße 22, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Klück
- Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation (IFF), Sandtorstraße 22, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Adriana Garibay
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Seeland OT, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Yudelsy Antonia Tandrón Moya
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Seeland OT, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Jozefowicz
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Seeland OT, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Seeland OT, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Udo Seiffert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation (IFF), Sandtorstraße 22, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120, Halle, Germany.
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26
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Chapman EA, Orford S, Lage J, Griffiths S. Delaying or delivering: identification of novel NAM-1 alleles that delay senescence to extend wheat grain fill duration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7710-7728. [PMID: 34405865 PMCID: PMC8660559 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a complex trait under genetic and environmental control, in which resources are remobilized from vegetative tissue into grain. Delayed senescence, or 'staygreen' traits, can confer stress tolerance, with extended photosynthetic activity hypothetically sustaining grain filling. The genetics of senescence regulation are largely unknown, with senescence variation often correlated with phenological traits. Here, we confirm staygreen phenotypes of two Triticum aestivum cv. Paragon ethyl methane sulfonate mutants previously identified during a forward genetic screen and selected for their agronomic performance, similar phenology, and differential senescence phenotypes. Grain filling experiments confirmed a positive relationship between onset of senescence and grain fill duration, reporting an associated ~14% increase in final dry grain weight for one mutant (P<0.05). Recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations segregating for the timing of senescence were developed for trait mapping purposes and phenotyped over multiple years under field conditions. Quantification and comparison of senescence metrics aided RIL selection, facilitating exome capture-enabled bulk segregant analysis (BSA). Using BSA we mapped our two staygreen traits to two independent, dominant, loci of 4.8 and 16.7 Mb in size encompassing 56 and 142 genes, respectively. Combining association analysis with variant effect prediction, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms encoding self-validating mutations located in NAM-1 homoeologues, which we propose as gene candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Orford
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jacob Lage
- KWS-UK, 56 Church Street, Thriplow, Hertfordshire SG8 7RE, UK
| | - Simon Griffiths
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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27
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Yield-Related QTL Clusters and the Potential Candidate Genes in Two Wheat DH Populations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111934. [PMID: 34769361 PMCID: PMC8585063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, four large-scale field trials using two doubled haploid wheat populations were conducted in different environments for two years. Grain protein content (GPC) and 21 other yield-related traits were investigated. A total of 227 QTL were mapped on 18 chromosomes, which formed 35 QTL clusters. The potential candidate genes underlying the QTL clusters were suggested. Furthermore, adding to the significant correlations between yield and its related traits, correlation variations were clearly shown within the QTL clusters. The QTL clusters with consistently positive correlations were suggested to be directly utilized in wheat breeding, including 1B.2, 2A.2, 2B (4.9–16.5 Mb), 2B.3, 3B (68.9–214.5 Mb), 4A.2, 4B.2, 4D, 5A.1, 5A.2, 5B.1, and 5D. The QTL clusters with negative alignments between traits may also have potential value for yield or GPC improvement in specific environments, including 1A.1, 2B.1, 1B.3, 5A.3, 5B.2 (612.1–613.6 Mb), 7A.1, 7A.2, 7B.1, and 7B.2. One GPC QTL (5B.2: 671.3–672.9 Mb) contributed by cultivar Spitfire was positively associated with nitrogen use efficiency or grain protein yield and is highly recommended for breeding use. Another GPC QTL without negatively pleiotropic effects on 2A (50.0–56.3 Mb), 2D, 4D, and 6B is suggested for quality wheat breeding.
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28
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Zhan H, Wang Y, Zhang D, Du C, Zhang X, Liu X, Wang G, Zhang S. RNA-seq bulked segregant analysis combined with KASP genotyping rapidly identified PmCH7087 as responsible for powdery mildew resistance in wheat. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20120. [PMID: 34309200 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew causes considerable yield losses in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Mapping and cloning powdery mildew-resistant quantitative trait loci can benefit stable yield production by facilitating the breeding of resistant varieties. In this study, we used the powdery mildew resistance introgression line 'CH7087' (harboring the resistance gene PmCH7087) and developed a large F2 population and a corresponding F2:3 segregation population containing 2,000 family lines for molecular mapping of PmCH7087. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the resistance phenotype was controlled by a single dominant gene. According to the performance exhibited by the F2:3 lines, 50 resistant lines and 50 susceptible lines without phenotype segregation were chosen for pooling and bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq) analysis. A region spanning 42.77 Mb was identified, and genotyping of an additional 183 F2:3 lines with extreme phenotypes using 20 kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers in the BSR-Seq mapping regions confirmed this region and narrowed it to 9.68 Mb, in which 45 genes were identified and annotated. Five of these transcripts harbored nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms between the two parents, with the transcripts of TraesCS2B01G302800 being involved in signal transduction. Furthermore, TraesCS2B01G302800.2 was annotated as the closest homologue of serine/threonine-protein kinase PBS1, a typical participant in the plant disease immune response, indicating that TraesCS2B01G302800 was the candidate gene of PmCH7087. Our results may facilitate future research attempting to improve powdery mildew resistance in wheat and to identify candidate genes for further verification and gene cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixian Zhan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi Univ. of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi Univ. of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhong, 030619, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi Univ. of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhong, 030619, China
| | - Chenhui Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi Univ. of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhong, 030619, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural Univ., Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi Univ. of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhong, 030619, China
| | - Guangyuan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural Univ., Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Shuosheng Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi Univ. of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhong, 030619, China
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29
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Prity SA, El-Shehawi AM, Elseehy MM, Tahura S, Kabir AH. Early-stage iron deficiency alters physiological processes and iron transporter expression, along with photosynthetic and oxidative damage to sorghum. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4770-4777. [PMID: 34354465 PMCID: PMC8324970 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) starvation in Strategy II plants is a major nutritional problem causing severe visual symptoms and yield reductions. This prompted us to investigate the physiological and molecular consequences of Fe deficiency responses at an early stage in sorghum plants. The Fe-starved sorghum did not show shoot biomass reduction, but the root length, biomass, and chlorophyll synthesis were severely affected. The chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis showed that the quantum yield efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and photosynthesis performance index (Pi_ABS) in young leaves significantly reduced in response to low Fe. Besides, Fe concentration in root and shoot significantly declined in Fe-starved plants relative to Fe-sufficient plants. Accordingly, this Fe reduction in tissues was accompanied by a marked decrease in PS-release in roots. The qPCR experiment showed the downregulation of SbDMAS2 (deoxymugineic acid synthase 2), SbNAS3 (nicotianamine synthase 3), and SbYSL1 (Fe-phytosiderophore transporter yellow stripe 1) in Fe-deprived roots, suggesting that decreased rhizosphere mobilization of Fe(III)-PS contributes to reduced uptake and long-distance transport of Fe. The cis-acting elements of these gene promoters are commonly responsive to abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate, while SbYSL1 additionally responsive to salicylic acid. Further, antioxidant defense either through metabolites or antioxidant enzymes is not efficient in counteracting oxidative damage in Fe-deprived sorghum. These findings may be beneficial for the improvement of sorghum genotypes sensitive to Fe-deficiency through breeding or transgenic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Akter Prity
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed M El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona M Elseehy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sharaban Tahura
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmad Humayan Kabir
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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30
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Aiqing Z, Zhang L, Ning P, Chen Q, Wang B, Zhang F, Yang X, Zhang Y. Zinc in cereal grains: Concentration, distribution, speciation, bioavailability, and barriers to transport from roots to grains in wheat. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7917-7928. [PMID: 34224281 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1920883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micro-nutrient for humans, and Zn deficiency is of global concern. In addition to inherited and pathological Zn deficiencies, insufficient dietary intake is leading cause, especially in those consuming cereal grains as a stable food, in which Zn concentration and bioavailability are relatively low. To improve Zn levels in the human body, it is important to understand the accumulation and bioavailability of Zn in cereal grains. In recent years, knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying Zn uptake, transport, homeostasis, and deposition within cereal crops has been accumulating, paving the way for a more targeted approach to improving the nutrient status of crop plants. In this paper, we briefly review existing studies on the distribution and transport pathways of Zn in major small-grained cereals, using wheat as a case study. The findings confirm that Zn transport in plants is a complex physiological process mainly governed by Zn transporters and metal chelators. This work reviews studies on Zn uptake, transport, and deposition in wheat plants, summarizes the possible barriers impairing Zn deposition in wheat grains, and describes strategies for increasing Zn concentration in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Aiqing
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peng Ning
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Northwest Land and Resources Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bini Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fuxin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Youlin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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31
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Wang W, Guo H, Wu C, Yu H, Li X, Chen G, Tian J, Deng Z. Identification of novel genomic regions associated with nine mineral elements in Chinese winter wheat grain. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:311. [PMID: 34210282 PMCID: PMC8252321 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mineral elements are important for maintaining good human health besides heavy metals. Mining genes that control mineral elements are paramount for improving their accumulation in the wheat grain. Although previous studies have reported some loci for beneficial trace elements, they have mainly focused on Zn and Fe content. However, little information is available regarding the genetic loci differences in dissecting synchronous accumulation of multiple mineral elements in wheat grains, including beneficial and heavy elements. Therefore, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on 205 wheat accessions with 24,355 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify important loci and candidate genes for controlling Ca, Fe, Zn, Se, Cu, Mn, Cd, As, and Pb accumulation in wheat grains. RESULTS A total of 101 marker-trait associations (MTAs) (P < 10-5) loci affecting the content of nine mineral elements was identified on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6B, 7A, 7B, and 7D. Among these, 17 major MTAs loci for the nine mineral elements were located, and four MTAs loci (P < 10-5) were found on chromosomes 1B, 6B, 7B, and 7D. Eight multi-effect MTAs loci were detected that are responsible for the control of more than one trait, mainly distributed on chromosomes 3B, 7B, and 5A. Furthermore, sixteen candidate genes controlling Ca, Fe, Zn, Se, Cd, and Pb were predicted, whose functions were primarily related to ion binding, including metals, Fe, Ca, Cu, Mg, and Zn, ATP binding, ATPase activity, DNA binding, RNA binding, and protein kinase activity. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated the existence of gene interactions among mineral elements based on multi-effect MTAs loci and candidate genes. Meanwhile this study provided new insights into the genetic control of mineral element concentrations, and the important loci and genes identified may contribute to the rapid development of beneficial mineral elements and a reduced content of harmful heavy metals in wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Shandong Province, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Shandong Province, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P.R. China
| | - Chongning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Shandong Province, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Shandong Province, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, Hebei, 056000, P.R. China
| | - Guangfeng Chen
- College of Ecology and Garden Architecture, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, 253023, P.R. China
| | - Jichun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Shandong Province, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Shandong Province, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P.R. China.
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32
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Rathan ND, Sehgal D, Thiyagarajan K, Singh R, Singh AM, Govindan V. Identification of Genetic Loci and Candidate Genes Related to Grain Zinc and Iron Concentration Using a Zinc-Enriched Wheat 'Zinc-Shakti'. Front Genet 2021; 12:652653. [PMID: 34194467 PMCID: PMC8237760 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of nutritionally enhanced wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with higher levels of grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) offers a sustainable solution to micronutrient deficiency among resource-poor wheat consumers. One hundred and ninety recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from 'Kachu' × 'Zinc-Shakti' cross were phenotyped for grain Fe and Zn concentrations and phenological and agronomically important traits at Ciudad Obregon, Mexico in the 2017-2018, 2018-2019, and 2019-2020 growing seasons and Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) molecular marker data were used to determine genomic regions controlling grain micronutrients and agronomic traits. We identified seven new pleiotropic quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain Zn and Fe on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2B, 6A, and 7D. The stable pleiotropic QTL identified have expanded the diversity of QTL that could be used in breeding for wheat biofortification. Nine RILs with the best combination of pleiotropic QTL for Zn and Fe have been identified to be used in future crossing programs and to be screened in elite yield trials before releasing as biofortified varieties. In silico analysis revealed several candidate genes underlying QTL, including those belonging to the families of the transporters and kinases known to transport small peptides and minerals (thus assisting mineral uptake) and catalyzing phosphorylation processes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepmala Sehgal
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Ravi Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Velu Govindan
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
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33
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Meng X, Wang X, Zhang Z, Xiong S, Wei Y, Guo J, Zhang J, Wang L, Ma X, Tegeder M. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and physiological studies reveal key players in wheat nitrogen use efficiency under both high and low nitrogen supply. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4435-4456. [PMID: 33829261 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effective use of available nitrogen (N) to improve crop grain yields provides an important strategy to reduce environmental N pollution and promote sustainable agriculture. However, little is known about the common genetic basis of N use efficiency (NUE) at varying N availability. Two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were grown in the field with high, moderate, and low N supply. Cultivar Zhoumai 27 outperformed Aikang 58 independent of the N supply and showed improved growth, canopy leaf area index, flag leaf surface area, grain number, and yield, and enhanced NUE due to both higher N uptake and utilization efficiency. Further, transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed using flag leaves that provide assimilates for grain growth. The results showed that many genes or proteins that are up- or down-regulated under all N regimes are associated with N and carbon metabolism and transport. This was reinforced by cultivar differences in photosynthesis, assimilate phloem transport, and grain protein/starch yield. Overall, our study establishes that improving NUE at both high and low N supply requires distinct adjustments in leaf metabolism and assimilate partitioning. Identified key genes/proteins may individually or concurrently regulate NUE and are promising targets for maximizing crop NUE irrespective of the N supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WAUSA
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Shuping Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Yihao Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Jianbiao Guo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Lulu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Xinming Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WAUSA
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Abstract
This review highlights the most recent updated information available about Zn phytotoxicity at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels, uptake mechanisms as well as excess Zn homeostasis in plants. Zinc (Zn) is a natural component of soil in terrestrial environments and is a vital element for plant growth, as it performs imperative functions in numerous metabolic pathways. However, potentially noxious levels of Zn in soils can result in various alterations in plants like reduced growth, photosynthetic and respiratory rate, imbalanced mineral nutrition and enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species. Zn enters into soils through various sources, such as weathering of rocks, forest fires, volcanoes, mining and smelting activities, manure, sewage sludge and phosphatic fertilizers. The rising alarm in environmental facet, as well as, the narrow gap between Zn essentiality and toxicity in plants has drawn the attention of the scientific community to its effects on plants and crucial role in agricultural sustainability. Hence, this review focuses on the most recent updates about various physiological and biochemical functions perturbed by high levels of Zn, its mechanisms of uptake and transport as well as molecular aspects of surplus Zn homeostasis in plants. Moreover, this review attempts to understand the mechanisms of Zn toxicity in plants and to present novel perspectives intended to drive future investigations on the topic. The findings will further throw light on various mechanisms adopted by plants to cope with Zn stress which will be of great significance to breeders for enhancing tolerance to Zn contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanjit Kaur
- Department of Botany, Akal University, Bathinda, 151302, Punjab, India
| | - Neera Garg
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Chapman EA, Orford S, Lage J, Griffiths S. Capturing and Selecting Senescence Variation in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:638738. [PMID: 33936128 PMCID: PMC8085557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a highly quantitative trait, but in wheat the genetics underpinning senescence regulation remain relatively unknown. To select senescence variation and ultimately identify novel genetic regulators, accurate characterization of senescence phenotypes is essential. When investigating senescence, phenotyping efforts often focus on, or are limited to, the visual assessment of flag leaves. However, senescence is a whole-plant process, involving remobilization and translocation of resources into the developing grain. Furthermore, the temporal progression of senescence poses challenges regarding trait quantification and description, whereupon the different models and approaches applied result in varying definitions of apparently similar metrics. To gain a holistic understanding of senescence, we phenotyped flag leaf and peduncle senescence progression, alongside grain maturation. Reviewing the literature, we identified techniques commonly applied in quantification of senescence variation and developed simple methods to calculate descriptive and discriminatory metrics. To capture senescence dynamism, we developed the idea of calculating thermal time to different flag leaf senescence scores, for which between-year Spearman's rank correlations of r ≥ 0.59, P < 4.7 × 10-5 (TT70), identify as an accurate phenotyping method. Following our experience of senescence trait genetic mapping, we recognized the need for singular metrics capable of discriminating senescence variation, identifying thermal time to flag leaf senescence score of 70 (TT70) and mean peduncle senescence (MeanPed) scores as most informative. Moreover, grain maturity assessments confirmed a previous association between our staygreen traits and grain fill extension, illustrating trait functionality. Here we review different senescence phenotyping approaches and share our experiences of phenotyping two independent recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations segregating for staygreen traits. Together, we direct readers toward senescence phenotyping methods we found most effective, encouraging their use when investigating and discriminating senescence variation of differing genetic bases, and aid trait selection and weighting in breeding and research programs alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Chapman
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Orford
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon Griffiths
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Dong C, Jiao C, Xie C, Liu Y, Luo W, Fan S, Ma Y, He X, Lin A, Zhang Z. Effects of ceria nanoparticles and CeCl 3 on growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of corn (Zea mays) plants grown in soil. NANOIMPACT 2021; 22:100311. [PMID: 35559968 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The release of toxic ions from metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) may play an important role in biological effects of NPs. In this life cycle study, physiological and biochemical responses of soil-grown corn (Zea mays) plants exposed to ceria NPs and its ionic counterparts Ce3+ ions at 0, 25, 75 and 225 mg Ce/kg were investigated. Both treatments tended to reduce the fresh weight and height of the plants at 28 days after sowing (DAS), and delay silk appearance and finally decrease fruit weight at harvest. Uptake and distribution of some mineral nutrients, Ca, P, Fe, B, Zn and Mn in the plants were disturbed. None of the treatments significantly affected activities of antioxidant enzymes and MDA contents in the roots and leaves at 28 DAS. At 90 DAS, ceria NPs and Ce3+ ions disturbed the homeostasis of antioxidative systems in the plants, Ce3+ ions at all concentrations provoked significant oxidative damage in the roots and significantly increased MDA levels as compare to the control. The results indicate that the effects of ceria NPs and Ce3+ ions on corn plants varied with different growth stages and ceria NPs had similar but less severe impacts than Ce3+ ions. Speciation analysis revealed there was mutual transformation between CeO2 and Ce3+ in the soil-plant system. It is speculated that Ce3+ ions play a key role in toxicity. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a life cycle study on comparative toxicity of CeO2 NPs and Ce3+ ions on corn plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlei Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changjian Xie
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yabo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhe Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shixian Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao He
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Moorman VR, Brayton AM. Identification of individual components of a commercial wheat germ acid phosphatase preparation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248717. [PMID: 33750963 PMCID: PMC7984616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat germ acid phosphatase (WGAP) is a commercial preparation of partially purified protein commonly used in laboratory settings for non-specific enzymatic dephosphorylation. It is known that these preparations contain multiple phosphatase isozymes and are still relatively crude. This study therefore aimed to identify the protein components of a commercial preparation of wheat germ acid phosphatase using mass spectroscopy and comparative genomics. After one post-purchase purification step, the most prevalent fifteen proteins in the mixture included heat shock proteins, beta-amylases, glucoseribitol dehydrogenases, enolases, and an aminopeptidase. While not among the most abundant components, eight unique dephosphorylation enzymes were also present including three purple acid phosphatases. Furthermore, it is shown that some of these correspond to previously isolated isozymes; one of which has been also previously shown by transcriptome data to be overexpressed in wheat seeds. In summary, this study identified the major components of WGAP including phosphatases and hypothesizes the most active components towards a better understanding of this commonly used laboratory tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica R. Moorman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kettering University, Flint, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alexandra M. Brayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kettering University, Flint, Michigan, United States of America
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Glutacetine ® Biostimulant Applied on Wheat under Contrasting Field Conditions Improves Grain Number Leading to Better Yield, Upgrades N-Related Traits and Changes Grain Ionome. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030456. [PMID: 33670931 PMCID: PMC7997451 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important cereals for human nutrition, but nitrogen (N) losses during its cultivation cause economic problems and environmental risks. In order to improve N use efficiency (NUE), biostimulants are increasingly used. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Glutacetine®, a biostimulant sprayed at 5 L ha−1 in combination with fertilizers (urea or urea ammonium nitrate (UAN)), on N-related traits, grain yield components, and the grain quality of winter bread wheat grown at three field sites in Normandy (France). Glutacetine® improved grain yield via a significant increase in the grain number per spike and per m2, which also enhanced the thousand grain weight, especially with urea. The total N in grains and the NUE tended to increase in response to Glutacetine®, irrespective of the site or the form of N fertilizer. Depending on the site, spraying Glutacetine® can also induce changes in the grain ionome (analyzed by X-ray fluorescence), with a reduction in P content observed (site 2 under urea nutrition) or an increase in Mn content (site 3 under UAN nutrition). These results provide a roadmap for utilizing Glutacetine® biostimulant to enhance wheat production and flour quality in a temperate climate.
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Wang G, Long D, Yu F, Zhang H, Chen C, Wang Y, Ji W. Genome-wide identification, evolution, and expression of the SNARE gene family in wheat resistance to powdery mildew. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10788. [PMID: 33552743 PMCID: PMC7831368 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SNARE proteins mediate eukaryotic cell membrane/transport vesicle fusion and act in plant resistance to fungi. Herein, 173 SNARE proteins were identified in wheat and divided into 5 subfamilies and 21 classes. The number of the SYP1 class type was largest in TaSNAREs. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that most of the SNAREs were distributed in 21 classes. Analysis of the genetic structure revealed large differences among the 21 classes, and the structures in the same group were similar, except across individual genes. Excluding the first homoeologous group, the number in the other homoeologous groups was similar. The 2,000 bp promoter region of the TaSNARE genes were analyzed, and many W-box, MYB and disease-related cis-acting elements were identified. The qRT-PCR-based analysis of the SNARE genes revealed similar expression patterns of the same subfamily in one wheat variety. The expression patterns of the same gene in resistant/sensitive varieties largely differed at 6 h after infection, suggesting that SNARE proteins play an important role in early pathogen infection. Here, the identification and expression analysis of SNARE proteins provide a theoretical basis for studies of SNARE protein function and wheat resistance to powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Wang
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Deyu Long
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fagang Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunhuan Chen
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanquan Ji
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Gupta PK, Balyan HS, Sharma S, Kumar R. Biofortification and bioavailability of Zn, Fe and Se in wheat: present status and future prospects. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1-35. [PMID: 33136168 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of genetic variation, genetics, physiology/molecular basis and breeding (including biotechnological approaches) for biofortification and bioavailability for Zn, Fe and Se will help in developing nutritionally improved wheat. Biofortification of wheat cultivars for micronutrients is a priority research area for wheat geneticists and breeders. It is known that during breeding of wheat cultivars for productivity and quality, a loss of grain micronutrient contents occurred, leading to decline in nutritional quality of wheat grain. Keeping this in view, major efforts have been made during the last two decades for achieving biofortification and bioavailability of wheat grain for micronutrients including Zn, Fe and Se. The studies conducted so far included evaluation of gene pools for contents of not only grain micronutrients as above, but also for phytic acid (PA) or phytate and phytase, so that, while breeding for the micronutrients, bioavailability is also improved. For this purpose, QTL interval mapping and GWAS were carried out to identify QTLs/genes and associated markers that were subsequently used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) during breeding for biofortification. Studies have also been conducted to understand the physiology and molecular basis of biofortification, which also allowed identification of genes for uptake, transport and storage of micronutrients. Transgenics using transgenes have also been produced. The breeding efforts led to the development of at least a dozen cultivars with improved contents of grain micronutrients, although land area occupied by these biofortified cultivars is still marginal. In this review, the available information on different aspects of biofortification and bioavailability of micronutrients including Zn, Fe and Se in wheat has been reviewed for the benefit of those, who plan to start work or already conducting research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India.
| | - H S Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India
| | - Shailendra Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India
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Harrington SA, Backhaus AE, Singh A, Hassani-Pak K, Uauy C. The Wheat GENIE3 Network Provides Biologically-Relevant Information in Polyploid Wheat. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:3675-3686. [PMID: 32747342 PMCID: PMC7534433 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene regulatory networks are powerful tools which facilitate hypothesis generation and candidate gene discovery. However, the extent to which the network predictions are biologically relevant is often unclear. Recently a GENIE3 network which predicted targets of wheat transcription factors was produced. Here we used an independent RNA-Seq dataset to test the predictions of the wheat GENIE3 network for the senescence-regulating transcription factor NAM-A1 (TraesCS6A02G108300). We re-analyzed the RNA-Seq data against the RefSeqv1.0 genome and identified a set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the wild-type and nam-a1 mutant which recapitulated the known role of NAM-A1 in senescence and nutrient remobilisation. We found that the GENIE3-predicted target genes of NAM-A1 overlap significantly with the DEGs, more than would be expected by chance. Based on high levels of overlap between GENIE3-predicted target genes and the DEGs, we identified candidate senescence regulators. We then explored genome-wide trends in the network related to polyploidy and found that only homeologous transcription factors are likely to share predicted targets in common. However, homeologs which vary in expression levels across tissues are less likely to share predicted targets than those that do not, suggesting that they may be more likely to act in distinct pathways. This work demonstrates that the wheat GENIE3 network can provide biologically-relevant predictions of transcription factor targets, which can be used for candidate gene prediction and for global analyses of transcription factor function. The GENIE3 network has now been integrated into the KnetMiner web application, facilitating its use in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Harrington
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Anna E Backhaus
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Ajit Singh
- Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Keywan Hassani-Pak
- Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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Prity SA, Sajib SA, Das U, Rahman MM, Haider SA, Kabir AH. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mitigate Fe deficiency symptoms in sorghum through phytosiderophore-mediated Fe mobilization and restoration of redox status. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1373-1385. [PMID: 32535729 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable management of iron (Fe) deficiency through the microbial association is highly desirable to ensure crop yield. This study elucidates whether and how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) ameliorate Fe deficiency symptoms in sorghum. AMF inoculation showed a significant improvement in plant biomass, chlorophyll score, Fv/Fm (quantum efficiency of photosystem II), and Pi_ABS (photosynthesis performance index), suggesting its potentiality to diminish Fe deficiency symptoms in sorghum. This AMF-driven prevention of Fe deficiency was further supported by the improvement of biochemical stress indicators, such as cell death, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion. In this study, AMF showed a significant increase in phytosiderophore (PS) release as well as Fe and S concentrations in sorghum under Fe deficiency. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated the consistent upregulation of SbDMAS2 (deoxymugineic acid synthase 2), SbNAS2 (nicotianamine synthase 2), and SbYS1 (Fe-phytosiderophore transporter yellow stripe) in roots due to AMF with Fe deficiency. It suggests that the enhancement of Fe due to AMF is related to the mobilization of Fe(III)-PS in the rhizosphere supported by the long-distance transport of Fe by SbYS1 transporter in sorghum. Our study further showed that the elevation of S mainly in the presence of AMF possibly enhances the S-containing antioxidant metabolites (Met, Cys, and GSH) as well as enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GR) to counteract H2O2 and O2- for the restoration of redox status in Fe-deprived sorghum. Moreover, S possibly participates in Strategy II responses revealing its crucial role as a signaling molecule for Fe homeostasis in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Akter Prity
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Urmi Das
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Ali Haider
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmad Humayan Kabir
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Elucidating the source–sink relationships of zinc biofortification in wheat grains: A review. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Hua W, Tan C, Xie J, Zhu J, Shang Y, Yang J, Zhang XQ, Wu X, Wang J, Li C. Alternative splicing of a barley gene results in an excess-tillering and semi-dwarf mutant. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:163-177. [PMID: 31690990 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An excess-tillering semi-dwarf gene Hvhtd was identified from an EMS-induced mutant in barley and alternative splicing results in excess-tillering semi-dwarf traits. Tillering and plant height are important traits determining plant architecture and grain production in cereal crops. This study identified an excess-tillering semi-dwarf mutant (htd) from an EMS-treated barley population. Genetic analysis of the F1, F2, and F2:3 populations showed that a single recessive gene controlled the excess-tillering semi-dwarf in htd. Using BSR-Seq and gene mapping, the Hvhtd gene was delimited within a 1.8 Mb interval on chromosome 2HL. Alignment of the RNA-Seq data with the functional genes in the interval identified a gene HORVU2Hr1G098820 with alternative splicing between exon2 and exon3 in the mutant, due to a G to A single-nucleotide substitution at the exon and intron junction. An independent mutant with a similar phenotype confirmed the result, with alternative splicing between exon3 and exon4. In both cases, the alternative splicing resulted in a non-functional protein. And the gene HORVU2Hr1G098820 encodes a trypsin family protein and may be involved in the IAA signaling pathway and differs from the mechanism of Green Revolution genes in the gibberellic acid metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hua
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Cong Tan
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Jingzhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinghuan Zhu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yi Shang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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Bengoa Luoni S, Astigueta FH, Nicosia S, Moschen S, Fernandez P, Heinz R. Transcription Factors Associated with Leaf Senescence in Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E411. [PMID: 31614987 PMCID: PMC6843677 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a complex mechanism controlled by multiple genetic and environmental variables. Different crops present a delay in leaf senescence with an important impact on grain yield trough the maintenance of the photosynthetic leaf area during the reproductive stage. Additionally, because of the temporal gap between the onset and phenotypic detection of the senescence process, candidate genes are key tools to enable the early detection of this process. In this sense and given the importance of some transcription factors as hub genes in senescence pathways, we present a comprehensive review on senescence-associated transcription factors, in model plant species and in agronomic relevant crops. This review will contribute to the knowledge of leaf senescence process in crops, thus providing a valuable tool to assist molecular crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bengoa Luoni
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
| | - Francisco H Astigueta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina.
| | - Salvador Nicosia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Cruce Rutas Nac. 5 y 7, Lujan, Buenos Aires 6700, Argentina.
| | - Sebastian Moschen
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Tucumán 4142, Argentina.
| | - Paula Fernandez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina.
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA-CONICET), Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina.
| | - Ruth Heinz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA-CONICET), Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
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Sharma S, Kaur G, Kumar A, Meena V, Kaur J, Pandey AK. Overlapping transcriptional expression response of wheat zinc-induced facilitator-like transporters emphasize important role during Fe and Zn stress. BMC Mol Biol 2019; 20:22. [PMID: 31547799 PMCID: PMC6757437 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-019-0139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexaploid wheat is an important cereal crop that has been targeted to enhance grain micronutrient content including zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). In this direction, modulating the expression of plant transporters involved in Fe and Zn homeostasis has proven to be one of the promising approaches. The present work was undertaken to identify wheat zinc-induced facilitator-like (ZIFL) family of transporters. The wheat ZIFL genes were characterized for their transcriptional expression response during micronutrient fluctuations and exposure to multiple heavy metals. RESULTS The genome-wide analyses resulted in identification of fifteen putative TaZIFL-like genes, which were distributed only on Chromosome 3, 4 and 5. Wheat ZIFL proteins subjected to the phylogenetic analysis showed the uniform distribution along with rice, Arabidopsis and maize. In-silico analysis of the promoters of the wheat ZIFL genes demonstrated the presence of multiple metal binding sites including those which are involved in Fe and heavy metal homeostasis. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of wheat ZIFL genes suggested the differential regulation of the transcripts in both roots and shoots under Zn surplus and also during Fe deficiency. Specifically, in roots, TaZIFL2.3, TaZIFL4.1, TaZIFL4.2, TaZIFL5, TaZIFL6.1 and TaZIFL6.2 were significantly up-regulated by both Zn and Fe. This suggested that ZIFL could possibly be regulated by both the nutrient stress in a tissue specific manner. When exposed to heavy metals, TaZIFL4.2 and TaZIFL7.1 show significant up-regulation, whereas TaZIFL5 and TaZIFL6.2 remained almost unaffected. CONCLUSION This is the first report for detailed analysis of wheat ZIFL genes. ZIFL genes also encode for transporter of mugineic acid (TOM) proteins, that are involved in the release of phytosiderophores to enhance Fe/Zn uptake. The detailed expression analysis suggests the varying expression patterns during development of wheat seedlings and also against abiotic/biotic stresses. Overall, this study will lay foundation to prioritize functional assessment of the candidate ZIFL as a putative TOM protein in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, Punjab 160015 India
| | - Gazaldeep Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
| | - Anil Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
| | - Varsha Meena
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, Punjab 160015 India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
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Harrington SA, Overend LE, Cobo N, Borrill P, Uauy C. Conserved residues in the wheat (Triticum aestivum) NAM-A1 NAC domain are required for protein binding and when mutated lead to delayed peduncle and flag leaf senescence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:407. [PMID: 31533618 PMCID: PMC6749658 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAC transcription factors contain five highly conserved subdomains which are required for protein dimerisation and DNA binding. Few residues within these subdomains have been identified as essential for protein function, and fewer still have been shown to be of biological relevance in planta. Here we use a positive regulator of senescence in wheat, NAM-A1, to test the impact of missense mutations at specific, highly conserved residues of the NAC domain on protein function. RESULTS We identified missense mutations in five highly conserved residues of the NAC domain of NAM-A1 in a tetraploid TILLING population. TILLING lines containing these mutations, alongside synonymous and non-conserved mutation controls, were grown under glasshouse conditions and scored for senescence. Four of the five mutations showed a significant and consistent delay in peduncle senescence but had no consistent effects on flag leaf senescence. All four mutant alleles with the delayed senescence phenotype also lost the ability to interact with the homoeolog NAM-B1 in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Two of these residues were previously shown to be involved in NAC domain function in Arabidopsis, suggesting conservation of residue function between species. Three of these four alleles led to an attenuated cell death response compared to wild-type NAM-A1 when transiently over-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. One of these mutations was further tested under field conditions, in which there was a significant and consistent delay in both peduncle and leaf senescence. CONCLUSIONS We combined field and glasshouse studies of a series of mutant alleles with biochemical analyses to identify four residues of the NAC domain which are required for NAM-A1 function and protein interaction. We show that mutations in these residues lead to a gradient of phenotypes, raising the possibility of developing allelic series of mutations for traits of agronomic importance. We also show that mutations in NAM-A1 more severely impact peduncle senescence, compared to the more commonly studied flag leaf senescence, highlighting this as an area deserving of further study. The results from this integrated approach provide strong evidence that conserved residues within the functional domains of NAC transcription factors have biological significance in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Cobo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Philippa Borrill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
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Harrington SA, Overend LE, Cobo N, Borrill P, Uauy C. Conserved residues in the wheat (Triticum aestivum) NAM-A1 NAC domain are required for protein binding and when mutated lead to delayed peduncle and flag leaf senescence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:407. [PMID: 31533618 DOI: 10.1101/573881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAC transcription factors contain five highly conserved subdomains which are required for protein dimerisation and DNA binding. Few residues within these subdomains have been identified as essential for protein function, and fewer still have been shown to be of biological relevance in planta. Here we use a positive regulator of senescence in wheat, NAM-A1, to test the impact of missense mutations at specific, highly conserved residues of the NAC domain on protein function. RESULTS We identified missense mutations in five highly conserved residues of the NAC domain of NAM-A1 in a tetraploid TILLING population. TILLING lines containing these mutations, alongside synonymous and non-conserved mutation controls, were grown under glasshouse conditions and scored for senescence. Four of the five mutations showed a significant and consistent delay in peduncle senescence but had no consistent effects on flag leaf senescence. All four mutant alleles with the delayed senescence phenotype also lost the ability to interact with the homoeolog NAM-B1 in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Two of these residues were previously shown to be involved in NAC domain function in Arabidopsis, suggesting conservation of residue function between species. Three of these four alleles led to an attenuated cell death response compared to wild-type NAM-A1 when transiently over-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. One of these mutations was further tested under field conditions, in which there was a significant and consistent delay in both peduncle and leaf senescence. CONCLUSIONS We combined field and glasshouse studies of a series of mutant alleles with biochemical analyses to identify four residues of the NAC domain which are required for NAM-A1 function and protein interaction. We show that mutations in these residues lead to a gradient of phenotypes, raising the possibility of developing allelic series of mutations for traits of agronomic importance. We also show that mutations in NAM-A1 more severely impact peduncle senescence, compared to the more commonly studied flag leaf senescence, highlighting this as an area deserving of further study. The results from this integrated approach provide strong evidence that conserved residues within the functional domains of NAC transcription factors have biological significance in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Cobo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Philippa Borrill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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49
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Herzig P, Backhaus A, Seiffert U, von Wirén N, Pillen K, Maurer A. Genetic dissection of grain elements predicted by hyperspectral imaging associated with yield-related traits in a wild barley NAM population. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 285:151-164. [PMID: 31203880 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the accumulation of essential mineral elements in cereal grains is of prime importance for combating human malnutrition. Biofortification by breeding holds great potential for improving nutrient accumulation in grains. However, conventional breeding approaches require element analysis of many grain samples, which causes high costs. Here we applied hyperspectral imaging to estimate the concentration of 15 grain elements (C, B, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, P, S, Zn) in high-throughput in the wild barley nested association mapping (NAM) population HEB-25, comprising 1,420 BC1S3 lines derived from crossing 25 wild barley accessions with the cultivar 'Barke'. Nutrient concentrations varied largely with a multitude of lines having higher micronutrient concentration than 'Barke'. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we located 75 quantitative trait locus (QTL) hotspots, whereof many could be explained by major genes such as NO APICAL MERISTEM-1 (NAM-1) and PHOTOPERIOD 1 (Ppd-H1). The GWAS approach revealed exotic alleles that were able to increase grain element concentrations. Remarkably, a QTL linked to GIBBERELLIN 20 OXIDASE 2 (HvGA20ox2) significantly increased several grain elements without yield loss. We conclude that introgressing promising exotic alleles into elite breeding material can assist in improving the nutritional value of barley grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Herzig
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Backhaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation (IFF), Sandtorstraße 22, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Seiffert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation (IFF), Sandtorstraße 22, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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50
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Harrington SA, Cobo N, Karafiátová M, Doležel J, Borrill P, Uauy C. Identification of a Dominant Chlorosis Phenotype Through a Forward Screen of the Triticum turgidum cv. Kronos TILLING Population. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:963. [PMID: 31396255 PMCID: PMC6667664 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) derives from a hybridization event approximately 400,000 years ago which led to the creation of an allotetraploid genome. The evolutionary recent origin of durum wheat means that its genome has not yet been fully diploidised. As a result, many of the genes present in the durum genome act in a redundant fashion, where loss-of-function mutations must be present in both gene copies to observe a phenotypic effect. Here, we use a novel set of induced variation within the cv. Kronos TILLING population to identify a locus controlling a dominant, environmentally dependent chlorosis phenotype. We carried out a forward screen of the sequenced cv. Kronos TILLING lines for senescence phenotypes and identified a line with a dominant early senescence and chlorosis phenotype. Mutant plants contained less chlorophyll throughout their development and displayed premature flag leaf senescence. A segregating population was classified into discrete phenotypic groups and subjected to bulked-segregant analysis using exome capture followed by next-generation sequencing. This allowed the identification of a single region on chromosome 3A, Yellow Early Senescence 1 (YES-1), which was associated with the mutant phenotype. While this phenotype was consistent across 4 years of field trials in the United Kingdom, the mutant phenotype was not observed when grown in Davis, CA (United States). To obtain further SNPs for fine-mapping, we isolated chromosome 3A using flow sorting and sequenced the entire chromosome. By mapping these reads against both the cv. Chinese Spring reference sequence and the cv. Kronos assembly, we could identify high-quality, novel EMS-induced SNPs in non-coding regions within YES-1 that were previously missed in the exome capture data. This allowed us to fine-map YES-1 to 4.3 Mb, containing 59 genes. Our study shows that populations containing induced variation can be sources of novel dominant variation in polyploid crop species, highlighting their importance in future genetic screens. We also demonstrate the value of using cultivar-specific genome assemblies alongside the gold-standard reference genomes particularly when working with non-coding regions of the genome. Further fine-mapping of the YES-1 locus will be pursued to identify the causal SNP underpinning this dominant, environmentally dependent phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Cobo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Miroslava Karafiátová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Philippa Borrill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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