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Hu C, Sun D, Yu J, Chen M, Xue Y, Wang J, Su W, Chen R, Anwar A, Song S. Transcriptome Analysis of Intermittent Light Induced Early Bolting in Flowering Chinese Cabbage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:866. [PMID: 38592871 PMCID: PMC10975546 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In flowering Chinese cabbage, early booting is one of the most important characteristics that is linked with quality and production. Through fixed light intensity (280 μmol·m-2·s-1) and fixed intermittent lighting in flowering Chinese cabbage, there was early bolting, bud emergence, and flowering. Moreover, the aboveground fresh weight, blade area, dry weight of blade, and quantification of the leaves in flowering Chinese cabbage were significantly reduced, while the thickness of tillers, tillers height, dry weight of tillers, and tillers weight were significantly increased. The chlorophyll contents and soil-plant analysis and development (SPAD) value decreased in the early stage and increased in the later stage. The nitrate content decreased, while the photosynthetic rate, vitamin C content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, phenolic content, and flavonoid content increased, and mineral elements also accumulated. In order to explore the mechanism of intermittent light promoting the early bolting and flowering of '49d' flowering Chinese cabbage, this study analyzed the transcriptional regulation from a global perspective using RNA sequencing. A total of 17,086 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained and 396 DEGs were selected that were closely related to early bolting. These DEGs were mainly involved in pollen wall assembly and plant circadian rhythm pathways, light action (34 DEGs), hormone biosynthesis and regulation (26 DEGs), development (21 DEGs), and carbohydrate synthesis and transport (6 DEGs). Three hub genes with the highest connectivity were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA): BrRVE, BrLHY, and BrRVE1. It is speculated that they may be involved in the intermittent light regulation of early bolting in flowering Chinese cabbage. In conclusion, intermittent light can be used as a useful tool to regulate plant growth structure, increase planting density, enhance photosynthesis, increase mineral accumulation, accelerate growth, and shorten the breeding cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ali Anwar
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.H.); (D.S.); (J.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Shiwei Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.H.); (D.S.); (J.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (W.S.)
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2
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Sabir IA, Manzoor MA, Shah IH, Ahmad Z, Liu X, Alam P, Wang Y, Sun W, Wang J, Liu R, Jiu S, Zhang C. Unveiling the effect of gibberellin-induced iron oxide nanoparticles on bud dormancy release in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108222. [PMID: 38016371 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen cyanide has been extensively used worldwide for bud dormancy break in fruit trees, consequently enhancing fruit production via expedited cultivation, especially in areas with controlled environments or warmer regions. A novel and safety nanotechnology was developed since the hazard of hydrogen cyanide for the operators and environments, there is an urgent need for the development of novel and safety approaches to replace it to break bud dormancy for fruit trees. In current study, we have systematically explored the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles, specifically α-Fe2O3, to modulate bud dormancy in sweet cherry (Prunus avium). The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles underwent meticulous characterization and assessment using various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet-visible infrared (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Remarkably, when applied at a concentration of 10 mg L-1 alongside gibberellin (GA4+7), these iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited a substantial 57% enhancement in bud dormancy release compared to control groups, all achieved within a remarkably short time span of 4 days. Our RNA-seq analyses further unveiled that 2757 genes within the sweet cherry buds were significantly up-regulated when treated with 10 mg L-1 α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in combination with GA, while 4748 genes related to dormancy regulation were downregulated in comparison to the control. Moreover, we discovered an array of 58 transcription factor families among the crucial differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Through hormonal quantification, we established that the increased bud burst was accompanied by a reduced concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) at 761.3 ng/g fresh weight in the iron oxide treatment group, coupled with higher levels of gibberellins (GAs) in comparison to the control. Comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses unveiled significant alterations in hormone contents and gene expression during the bud dormancy-breaking process when α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were combined with GA. In conclusion, our findings provide valuable insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of iron oxide nanoparticles on achieving uniform bud dormancy break in sweet cherry trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ali Sabir
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Iftikhar Hussain Shah
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zishan Ahmad
- Bambo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xunju Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanxia Sun
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyuan Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruie Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Li L, Zhang H, Meng D, Yin H. Transcriptomics of Lactobacillus paracasei: metabolism patterns and cellular responses under high-density culture conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1274020. [PMID: 37901845 PMCID: PMC10601642 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1274020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei has significant potential for development and application in the environmental field, particularly in addressing malodor pollution. This study aims to investigate the cellular response of L. paracasei B1 under high-density culture conditions. The selected strain has previously shown effective deodorizing and bacteriostatic abilities. Transcriptomics techniques are employed to dissect the nutrient metabolism pattern of L. paracasei B1 and its response mechanism under environmental stress. The study characterizes the functions of key differentially expressed genes during growth before and after optimizing the culture conditions. The optimization of fermentation culture conditions provides a suitable growth environment for L. paracasei B1, inducing an enhancement of its phosphotransferase system for sugar source uptake and maintaining high levels of glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism. Consequently, the strain is able to grow and multiply rapidly. Under acid stress conditions, glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism are inhibited, and L. paracasei B1 generates additional energy through aerobic respiration to meet the energy demand. The two-component system and quorum sensing play roles in the response and regulation of L. paracasei B1 to adverse environments. The strain mitigates oxygen stress damage through glutathione metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, base excision repair, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Additionally, the strain enhances lysine synthesis, the alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolic pathways, and relies on the ABC transport system to accumulate amino acid-compatible solutes to counteract acid stress and osmotic stress during pH regulation. These findings establish a theoretical basis for the further development and application of L. paracasei B1 for its productive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhi Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hetian Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
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4
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Fan S, Luo F, Wang M, Xu Y, Chen W, Yang G. Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in paradormant bud release response in 'Summer Black' grape. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1236141. [PMID: 37818318 PMCID: PMC10561283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevines possess a hierarchy of buds, and the fruitful winter bud forms the foundation of the two-crop-a-year cultivation system, yielding biannual harvests. Throughout its developmental stages, the winter bud sequentially undergoes paradormancy, endodormancy, and ecodormancy to ensure survival in challenging environmental conditions. Releasing the endodormancy of winter bud results in the first crop yield, while breaking the paradormancy of winter bud allows for the second crop harvest. Hydrogen cyanamide serves as an agent to break endodormancy, which counteracting the inhibitory effects of ABA, while H2O2 and ethylene function as signaling molecules in the process of endodormancy release. In the context of breaking paradormancy, common agronomic practices include short pruning and hydrogen cyanamide treatment. However, the mechanism of hydrogen cyanamide contributes to this process remains unknown. This study confirms that hydrogen cyanamide treatment significantly improved both the speed and uniformity of bud sprouting, while short pruning proved to be an effective method for releasing paradormancy until August. This observation highlights the role of apical dominance as a primary inhibitory factor in suppressing the sprouting of paradormant winter bud. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the sixth node winter bud convert to apical tissue following short pruning and established a polar auxin transport canal through the upregulated expression of VvPIN3 and VvTIR1. Moreover, short pruning induced the generation of reactive oxygen species, and wounding, ethylene, and H2O2 collectively acted as stimulating signals and amplified effects through the MAPK cascade. In contrast, hydrogen cyanamide treatment directly disrupted mitochondrial function, resulting in ROS production and an extended efficacy of the growth hormone signaling pathway induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guoshun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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Lu G, Zhang K, Que Y, Li Y. Grapevine double cropping: a magic technology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1173985. [PMID: 37123867 PMCID: PMC10140338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1173985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most important fruit trees in the world, but it is often threatened by various biotic and abiotic stresses in production, resulting in decreased yield and quality. Grapevine double cropping in one year is a kind of preparatory and artificial control technology, which can not only save the loss of natural disasters, but also plays an important role in staggering the peak to market, thus increasing yield and improving the quality of grape fruit. This perspective provides a concise discussion of the physiological basis, the main determinants, and their impacts on yield and fruit quality of grapevine double cropping. We also highlight the current challenges around this theme and prospect its application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Lu
- Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Youxiong Que, ; Yanfeng Li,
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- *Correspondence: Youxiong Que, ; Yanfeng Li,
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6
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Xu T, Zhang J, Shao L, Wang X, Zhang R, Ji C, Xia Y, Zhang L, Zhang J, Li D. Later Growth Cessation and Increased Freezing Tolerance Potentially Result in Later Dormancy in Evergreen Iris Compared with Deciduous Iris. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911123. [PMID: 36232426 PMCID: PMC9569662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter dormancy is a protective survival strategy for plants to resist harsh natural environments. In the context of global warming, the progression of dormancy has been significantly affected in perennials, which requires further research. Here, a systematic study was performed to compare the induction of dormancy in two closely related iris species with an ecodormancy-only process, the evergreen Iris japonica Thunb. and the deciduous Iris tectorum Maxim. under artificial conditions. Firstly, morphological and physiological observations were evaluated to ensure the developmental status of the two iris species. Furthermore, the expression patterns of the genes involved in key pathways related to plant winter dormancy were determined, and correlation analyses with dormancy marker genes were conducted. We found that deciduous iris entered dormancy earlier than evergreen iris under artificial dormancy induction conditions. Phytohormones and carbohydrates play roles in coordinating growth and stress responses during dormancy induction in both iris species. Moreover, dormancy-related MADS-box genes and SnRKs (Snf1-related protein kinase) might represent a bridge between carbohydrate and phytohormone interaction during iris dormancy. These findings provide a hypothetical model explaining the later dormancy in evergreen iris compared with deciduous iris under artificial dormancy induction conditions and reveal some candidate genes. The findings of this study could provide new insights into the research of dormancy in perennial plants with an ecodormancy-only process and contribute to effectively managing iris production, postharvest storage, and shipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba 271-0092, Japan
| | - Lingmei Shao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Runlong Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenxi Ji
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Danqing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (D.L.)
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7
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Fall Applications of Ethephon Modulates Gene Networks Controlling Bud Development during Dormancy in Peach ( Prunus Persica). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126801. [PMID: 35743242 PMCID: PMC9224305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethephon (ET) is an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator (PGR) that can delay the bloom time in Prunus, thus reducing the risk of spring frost, which is exacerbated by global climate change. However, the adoption of ET is hindered by its detrimental effects on tree health. Little knowledge is available regarding the mechanism of how ET shifts dormancy and flowering phenology in peach. This study aimed to further characterize the dormancy regulation network at the transcriptional level by profiling the gene expression of dormant peach buds from ET-treated and untreated trees using RNA-Seq data. The results revealed that ET triggered stress responses during endodormancy, delaying biological processes related to cell division and intercellular transportation, which are essential for the floral organ development. During ecodormancy, ET mainly impeded pathways related to antioxidants and cell wall formation, both of which are closely associated with dormancy release and budburst. In contrast, the expression of dormancy-associated MADS (DAM) genes remained relatively unaffected by ET, suggesting their conserved nature. The findings of this study signify the importance of floral organogenesis during dormancy and shed light on several key processes that are subject to the influence of ET, therefore opening up new avenues for the development of effective strategies to mitigate frost risks.
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Velappan Y, Chabikwa TG, Considine JA, Agudelo-Romero P, Foyer CH, Signorelli S, Considine MJ. The bud dormancy disconnect: latent buds of grapevine are dormant during summer despite a high metabolic rate. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2061-2076. [PMID: 35022731 PMCID: PMC8982382 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) displays wide plasticity to climate; however, the physiology of dormancy along a seasonal continuum is poorly understood. Here we investigated the apparent disconnect between dormancy and the underlying respiratory physiology and transcriptome of grapevine buds, from bud set in summer to bud burst in spring. The establishment of dormancy in summer was pronounced and reproducible; however, this was coupled with little or no change in physiology, indicated by respiration, hydration, and tissue oxygen tension. The release of dormancy was biphasic; the depth of dormancy declined substantially by mid-autumn, while the subsequent decline towards spring was moderate. Observed changes in physiology failed to explain the first phase of dormancy decline, in particular. Transcriptome data contrasting development from summer through to spring also indicated that dormancy was poorly reflected by metabolic quiescence during summer and autumn. Gene Ontology and enrichment data revealed the prevailing influence of abscisic acid (ABA)-related gene expression during the transition from summer to autumn, and promoter motif analysis suggested that photoperiod may play an important role in regulating ABA functions during the establishment of dormancy. Transcriptomic data from later transitions reinforced the importance of oxidation and hypoxia as physiological cues to regulate the maintenance of quiescence and resumption of growth. Collectively these data reveal a novel disconnect between growth and metabolic quiescence in grapevine following bud set, which requires further experimentation to explain the phenology and dormancy relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhini Velappan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and the School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tinashe G Chabikwa
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and the School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Present address: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - John A Considine
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and the School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Present address: Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and the School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 12900, Uruguay
| | - Michael J Considine
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and the School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Li D, Shao L, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhang D, Horvath DP, Zhang L, Zhang J, Xia Y. MADS-box transcription factors determine the duration of temporary winter dormancy in closely related evergreen and deciduous Iris spp. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1429-1449. [PMID: 34752617 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Winter dormancy (WD) is a crucial strategy for plants coping with potentially deadly environments. In recent decades, this process has been extensively studied in economically important perennial eudicots due to changing climate. However, in evergreen monocots with no chilling requirements, dormancy processes are so far a mystery. In this study, we compared the WD process in closely related evergreen (Iris japonica) and deciduous (I. tectorum) iris species across crucial developmental time points. Both iris species exhibit a 'temporary' WD process with distinct durations, and could easily resume growth under warm conditions. To decipher transcriptional changes, full-length sequencing for evergreen iris and short read RNA sequencing for deciduous iris were applied to generate respective reference transcriptomes. Combining results from a multipronged approach, SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE and FRUITFULL (FUL) from MADS-box was associated with a dormancy- and a growth-related module, respectively. They were co-expressed with genes involved in phytohormone signaling, carbohydrate metabolism, and environmental adaptation. Also, gene expression patterns and physiological changes in the above pathways highlighted potential abscisic acid and jasmonic acid antagonism in coordinating growth and stress responses, whereas differences in carbohydrate metabolism and reactive oxygen species scavenging might lead to species-specific WD durations. Moreover, a detailed analysis of MIKCCMADS-box in irises revealed common features described in eudicots as well as possible new roles for monocots during temporary WD, such as FLOWERING LOCUS C and FUL. In essence, our results not only provide a portrait of temporary WD in perennial monocots but also offer new insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying WD in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingmei Shao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - David P Horvath
- USDA-ARS, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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10
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Guillamón JG, Dicenta F, Sánchez-Pérez R. Advancing Endodormancy Release in Temperate Fruit Trees Using Agrochemical Treatments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:812621. [PMID: 35111185 PMCID: PMC8802331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.812621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endodormancy in temperate fruit trees like Prunus is a protector state that allows the trees to survive in the adverse conditions of autumn and winter. During this process, plants accumulate chill hours. Flower buds require a certain number of chill hours to release from endodormancy, known as chilling requirements. This step is crucial for proper flowering and fruit set, since incomplete fulfillment of the chilling requirements produces asynchronous flowering, resulting in low quality flowers, and fruits. In recent decades, global warming has endangered this chill accumulation. Because of this fact, many agrochemicals have been used to promote endodormancy release. One of the first and most efficient agrochemicals used for this purpose was hydrogen cyanamide. The application of this agrochemical has been found to advance endodormancy release and synchronize flowering time, compressing the flowering period and increasing production in many species, including apple, grapevine, kiwi, and peach. However, some studies have pointed to the toxicity of this agrochemical. Therefore, other non-toxic agrochemicals have been used in recent years. Among them, Erger® + Activ Erger® and Syncron® + NitroActive® have been the most popular alternatives. These two treatments have been shown to efficiently advance endodormancy release in most of the species in which they have been applied. In addition, other less popular agrochemicals have also been applied, but their efficiency is still unclear. In recent years, several studies have focused on the biochemical and genetic variation produced by these treatments, and significant variations have been observed in reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellin (GA) levels and in the genes responsible for their biosynthesis. Given the importance of this topic, future studies should focus on the discovery and development of new environmentally friendly agrochemicals for improving the modulation of endodormancy release and look more deeply into the effects of these treatments in plants.
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Li L, Liu J, Liang Q, Feng Y, Wang C, Wu S, Li Y. Downregulation of lncRNA PpL-T31511 and Pp-miRn182 Promotes Hydrogen Cyanamide-Induced Endodormancy Release through the PP2C-H 2O 2 Pathway in Pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111842. [PMID: 34769273 PMCID: PMC8584160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bud endodormancy is an important, complex process subject to both genetic and epigenetic control, the mechanism of which is still unclear. The endogenous hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and its signaling pathway play important roles in the endodormancy process, in which the type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) is key to the ABA signal pathway. Due to its excellent effect on endodormancy release, hydrogen cyanamide (HC) treatment is considered an effective measure to study the mechanism of endodormancy release. In this study, RNA-Seq analysis was conducted on endodormant floral buds of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) with HC treatment, and the HC-induced PP2C gene PpPP2C1 was identified. Next, software prediction, expression tests and transient assays revealed that lncRNA PpL-T31511-derived Pp-miRn182 targets PpPP2C1. The expression analysis showed that HC treatment upregulated the expression of PpPP2C1 and downregulated the expression of PpL-T31511 and Pp-miRn182. Moreover, HC treatment inhibited the accumulation of ABA signaling pathway-related genes and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Furthermore, overexpression of Pp-miRn182 reduced the inhibitory effect of PpPP2C1 on the H2O2 content. In summary, our study suggests that downregulation of PpL-T31511-derived Pp-miRn182 promotes HC-induced endodormancy release in pear plants through the PP2C-H2O2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan District, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Jinhang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Qin Liang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Yu Feng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Shaohua Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Yongyu Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Pan W, Liang J, Sui J, Li J, Liu C, Xin Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Yi M, Gazzarrini S, Wu J. ABA and Bud Dormancy in Perennials: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101635. [PMID: 34681029 PMCID: PMC8536057 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bud dormancy is an evolved trait that confers adaptation to harsh environments, and affects flower differentiation, crop yield and vegetative growth in perennials. ABA is a stress hormone and a major regulator of dormancy. Although the physiology of bud dormancy is complex, several advancements have been achieved in this field recently by using genetics, omics and bioinformatics methods. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of ABA and environmental signals, as well as the interplay of other hormones and sucrose, in the regulation of this process. We also discuss emerging potential mechanisms in this physiological process, including epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Juanjuan Sui
- Biology and Food Engineering College, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China;
| | - Jingru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yin Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Mingfang Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Islam MT, Liu J, Sherif SM. Ethephon-Mediated Bloom Delay in Peach Is Associated With Alterations in Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidants, and Carbohydrate Metabolism During Dormancy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:765357. [PMID: 34721492 PMCID: PMC8551920 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.765357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ethephon (ET) is an ethylene-based plant growth regulator (PGR) that has demonstrated greater efficacy in delaying bloom in deciduous fruit species. However, the underlying mechanisms by which ET modulates dormancy and flowering time remain obscure. This study aimed to delineate the ET-mediated modulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to chilling and heat requirements of "Redhaven" peach trees during dormancy. Peach trees were treated with ethephon (500ppm) in the fall (at 50% leaf fall), and floral buds were collected at regular intervals of chilling hours (CH) and growing degree hours (GDH). In the control trees, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels peaked at the endodormancy release and declined thereafter; a pattern that has been ascertained in other deciduous fruit trees. However, H2O2 levels were higher and sustained for a more extended period than control in the ET-treated trees. ET also increased the activity of ROS generating (e.g., NADPH-oxidase; superoxide dismutase) and scavenging (e.g., catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase) enzymes during endodormancy. However, CAT activity dropped significantly just before the bud burst in the ET-treated trees. In addition, ET affected the accumulation profiles of starch and soluble sugars (hexose and sucrose); significantly reducing the sucrose and glucose levels and increasing starch levels during endodormancy. However, our study concluded that variations in ROS levels and antioxidation pathways, rather than carbohydrate metabolism, could explain the differences in bloom time between ET-treated and -untreated trees. The present study also revealed several important bud dormancy controlling factors that are subject to modulation by ethephon. These factors can serve as potential targets for developing PGRs to manipulate bloom dates in stone fruits to avoid the ever-increasing threat of spring frosts.
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Lin SY, Agehara S. Budbreak patterns and phytohormone dynamics reveal different modes of action between hydrogen cyanamide- and defoliant-induced flower budbreak in blueberry under inadequate chilling conditions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256942. [PMID: 34464415 PMCID: PMC8407589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Under inadequate chilling conditions, hydrogen cyanamide (HC) is often used to promote budbreak and improve earliness of Southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. interspecific hybrids). However, HC is strictly regulated or even banned in some countries because of its high hazardous properties. Development of safer and effective alternatives to HC is critical to sustainable subtropical blueberry production. In this study, we examined the efficacy of HC and defoliants as bud dormancy-breaking agents for ‘Emerald’ blueberry. First, we compared water control, 1.0% HC (9.35 L ha–1), and three defoliants [potassium thiosulfate (KTS), urea, and zinc sulfate (ZS)] applied at 6.0% (28 kg ha–1). Model fitting analysis revealed that only HC and ZS advanced both defoliation and budbreak compared with the water control. HC-induced budbreak showed an exponential plateau function with a rapid phase occurring from 0 to 22 days after treatment (DAT), whereas ZS-induced budbreak showed a sigmoidal function with a rapid phase occurring from 15 to 44 DAT. The final budbreak percentage was similar in all treatments (71.7%–83.7%). Compared with the water control, HC and ZS increased yield by up to 171% and 41%, respectively, but the yield increase was statistically significant only for HC. Phytohormone profiling was performed for water-, HC- and ZS-treated flower buds. Both chemicals did not increase gibberellin 4 and indole-3-acetic acid production, but they caused a steady increase in jasmonic acid (JA) during budbreak. Compared with ZS, HC increased JA production to a greater extent and was the only chemical that reduced abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations during budbreak. A follow-up experiment tested ZS at six different rates (0–187 kg ha–1) but detected no significant dose-response on budbreak. These results collectively suggest that defoliants are not effective alternatives to HC, and that HC and ZS have different modes of action in budbreak induction. The high efficacy of HC as a dormancy-breaking agent could be due to its ability to reduce ABA concentrations in buds. Our results also suggest that JA accumulation is involved in budbreak induction in blueberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuan-You Lin
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shinsuke Agehara
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Hosni H, Diallo A, Morcillo F, Vaissayre V, Collin M, Tranchant-Dubreuil C, Dussert S, Joët T, Castaño F, Marquínez X, Stauffer FW, Hodel DR, Castillo Mont JJ, Adam H, Jouannic S, Tregear JW. Redox-related gene expression and sugar accumulation patterns are altered in the edible inflorescence produced by the cultivated form of pacaya palm (Chamaedorea tepejilote). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:231-240. [PMID: 33978714 PMCID: PMC8324030 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pacaya palm is a dioecious neotropical palm species that is exploited in Latin America for its male inflorescence, which is edible when immature. It is cultivated, in a non-intensive manner, in Guatemala, where a morphotype occurs that produces much larger, more highly branched inflorescences compared with wild palms. We sought to identify molecular factors underlying this phenotypic divergence, which is likely to be a product of domestication. METHODS We performed RNA-seq-based studies on immature pacaya palm male inflorescences in order to identify genes that might be directly or indirectly affected in their expression in relation to domestication. We also measured the accumulation of a range of soluble sugar molecules to provide information on the biochemical status of the two different types of material. KEY RESULTS A total of 408 genes were found to display significantly different expression levels between the wild and cultivated morphotypes. Three different functional categories were found to be enriched in the gene set that was upregulated in the cultivated morphotype: redox balance; secondary metabolism; and transport. Several sugars were found to accumulate at higher levels in inflorescences of the cultivated morphotype, in particular myo-inositol, fructose and glucose. CONCLUSIONS The observed upregulation of redox-related genes in the cultivated morphotype is corroborated by the observation of higher myo-inositol accumulation, which has been shown to be associated with enhanced scavenging of reactive oxygen species in other plants and which may affect meristem activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanene Hosni
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdoulaye Diallo
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabienne Morcillo
- CIRAD, DIADE, Montpellier, France
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Vaissayre
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Myriam Collin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Stéphane Dussert
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Joët
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Felipe Castaño
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Escuela de Biología, Calle, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Xavier Marquínez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Biología, Carrera, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fred W Stauffer
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Université de Genève, Laboratoire de Systématique Végétale et Biodiversité, Chambésy, Switzerland
| | - Donald R Hodel
- University of California, Cooperative Extension, Alhambra, CA, USA
| | | | - Hélène Adam
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefan Jouannic
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - James W Tregear
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- For correspondence. E-mail
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16
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Porcher A, Guérin V, Leduc N, Lebrec A, Lothier J, Vian A. Ascorbate-glutathione pathways mediated by cytokinin regulate H2O2 levels in light-controlled rose bud burst. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:910-928. [PMID: 33711160 PMCID: PMC8195510 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rosebush (Rosa "Radrazz") plants are an excellent model to study light control of bud outgrowth since bud outgrowth only arises in the presence of light and never occurs in darkness. Recently, we demonstrated high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) present in the quiescent axillary buds strongly repress the outgrowth process. In light, the outgrowing process occurred after H2O2 scavenging through the promotion of Ascorbic acid-Glutathione (AsA-GSH)-dependent pathways and the continuous decrease in H2O2 production. Here we showed Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologs expression decreased in buds during the outgrowth process in light. In continuous darkness, the same decrease was observed although H2O2 remained at high levels in axillary buds, as a consequence of the strong inhibition of AsA-GSH cycle and GSH synthesis preventing the outgrowth process. Cytokinin (CK) application can evoke bud outgrowth in light as well as in continuous darkness. Furthermore, CKs are the initial targets of light in the photocontrol process. We showed CK application to cultured buds in darkness decreases bud H2O2 to a level that is similar to that observed in light. Furthermore, this treatment restores GSH levels and engages bud burst. We treated plants with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, to solve the sequence of events involving H2O2/GSH metabolisms in the photocontrol process. This treatment prevented bud burst, even in the presence of CK, suggesting the sequence of actions starts with the positive CK effect on GSH that in turn stimulates H2O2 scavenging, resulting in initiation of bud outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Porcher
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Vincent Guérin
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Nathalie Leduc
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Anita Lebrec
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Jérémy Lothier
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Alain Vian
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
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Liao X, Li Y, Hu Z, Lin Y, Zheng B, Ding J. Poplar acetylome profiling reveals lysine acetylation dynamics in seasonal bud dormancy release. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1830-1845. [PMID: 33675080 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
For perennials in boreal and temperate ecosystems, bud dormancy is crucial for survival in harsh winter. Dormancy is released by prolonged exposure to low temperatures and is followed by reactive growth in the spring. Lysine acetylation (Kac) is one of the major post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are involved in plant response to environmental signals. However, little information is available on the effects of Kac modification on bud dormancy release. Here, we report the dynamics of lysine acetylome in hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba) dormant buds. A total of 7,594 acetyl-sites from 3,281 acetyl-proteins were identified, representing a large dataset of lysine acetylome in plants. Of them, 229 proteins were differentially acetylated during bud dormancy release and were mainly involved in the primary metabolic pathways. Site-directed mutagenesis enzymatic assays showed that Kac strongly modified the activities of two key enzymes of primary metabolism, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). We thus propose that Kac of enzymes could be an important strategy for reconfiguration of metabolic processes during bud dormancy release. In all, our results reveal the importance of Kac in bud dormancy release and provide a new perspective to understand the molecular mechanisms of seasonal growth of trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liao
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhu Hu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Lin
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihua Ding
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Jain U, Saxena K, Chauhan N. Helicobacter pylori induced reactive oxygen Species: A new and developing platform for detection. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12796. [PMID: 33666321 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Approximately 70% of cases are caused by a microaerophilic gram-negative bacteria, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which potentially infect almost 50% of world's population. H. pylori is mainly responsible for persistent oxidative stress in stomach and induction of chronic immune responses which ultimately result into DNA damage that eventually can lead to gastric cancer. Oxidative stress is the result of excessive release of ROS/RNS by activated neutrophils whereas bacteria itself also produce ROS in host cells. Therefore, ROS detection is an important factor for development of new strategies related to identification of H. pylori infection. METHODS The review summarizes the various available techniques for ROS detection with their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. All of the information included in this review have been retrieved from published studies on ROS generation and its detection methods. RESULTS Precisely, 71 articles have been incorporated and evaluated for this review. The studied articles were divided into two major categories including articles on H. pylori-related pathogenesis and various ROS detection methods for example probe-based methods, immunoassays, gene expression profiling, and other techniques. The major part of probe activity is based on fluorescence, chemiluminescence, or bioluminescence and detected by complementary techniques such as LC-MS, HPLC, EPR, and redox blotting. CONCLUSION The review describes the methods for ROS detection but due to some limitations in conventional methods, there is a need of cost-effective, early and fast detection methods like biosensors to diagnose the infection at its initial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Jain
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Nidhi Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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Pérez FJ, Noriega X, Rubio S. Hydrogen Peroxide Increases during Endodormancy and Decreases during Budbreak in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) Buds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060873. [PMID: 34072287 PMCID: PMC8228137 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a good indicator to monitor fluctuations in cellular metabolism and in the stress responses. In this study, the changes in H2O2 content during bud endodormancy (ED) and budbreak were analysed in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). The results showed a gradual increase in the H2O2 content during the development of bud ED, which was mainly due to an increase in the activity of peroxidases (PODs). The maximum H2O2 content reached in the grapevine buds coincided with the maximum depth of bud ED. In contrast, during budbreak, the H2O2 content decreased. As the plant hormones cytokinin (CK) and auxin play an important role in budbreak and growth resumption in grapevine, the effect of exogenous applications of H2O2 on the expression of genes involved in CK and auxin metabolism was analysed. The results showed that H2O2 represses the expression of the CK biosynthesis genes VvIPT3a and VvLOG1 and induces the expression of the CK-inactivating gene VvCKX3, thus reducing potentially the CK content in the grapevine bud. On the other hand, H2O2 induced the expression of the auxin biosynthesis genes VvAMI1 and VvYUC3 and of the auxin transporter gene VvPIN3, thus increasing potentially the auxin content and auxin transport in grapevine buds. In general, the results suggest that H2O2 in grapevine buds is associated with the depth of ED and negatively regulates its budbreak.
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20
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Temperate Fruit Trees under Climate Change: Challenges for Dormancy and Chilling Requirements in Warm Winter Regions. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adequate chill is of great importance for successful production of deciduous fruit trees. However, temperate fruit trees grown under tropical and subtropical regions may face insufficient winter chill, which has a crucial role in dormancy and productivity. The objective of this review is to discuss the challenges for dormancy and chilling requirements of temperate fruit trees, especially in warm winter regions, under climate change conditions. After defining climate change and dormancy, the effects of climate change on various parameters of temperate fruit trees are described. Then, dormancy breaking chemicals and organic compounds, as well as some aspects of the mechanism of dormancy breaking, are demonstrated. After this, the relationships between dormancy and chilling requirements are delineated and challenging aspects of chilling requirements in climate change conditions and in warm winter environments are demonstrated. Experts have sought to develop models for estimating chilling requirements and dormancy breaking in order to improve the adaption of temperate fruit trees under tropical and subtropical environments. Some of these models and their uses are described in the final section of this review. In conclusion, global warming has led to chill deficit during winter, which may become a limiting factor in the near future for the growth of temperate fruit trees in the tropics and subtropics. With the increasing rate of climate change, improvements in some managing tools (e.g., discovering new, more effective dormancy breaking organic compounds; breeding new, climate-smart cultivars in order to solve problems associated with dormancy and chilling requirements; and improving dormancy and chilling forecasting models) have the potential to solve the challenges of dormancy and chilling requirements for temperate fruit tree production in warm winter fruit tree growing regions.
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Hernández JA, Díaz-Vivancos P, Acosta-Motos JR, Alburquerque N, Martínez D, Carrera E, García-Bruntón J, Barba-Espín G. Interplay among Antioxidant System, Hormone Profile and Carbohydrate Metabolism during Bud Dormancy Breaking in a High-Chill Peach Variety. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:560. [PMID: 33916531 PMCID: PMC8066612 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Prunus species have the ability to suspend (induce dormancy) and restart growth, in an intricate process in which environmental and physiological factors interact. (2) Methods: In this work, we studied the evolution of sugars, antioxidant metabolism, and abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) levels during bud dormancy evolution in a high-chill peach variety, grown for two seasons in two different geographical areas with different annual media temperature, a cold (CA) and a temperate area (TA). (3) Results: In both areas, starch content reached a peak at ecodormancy, and then decreased at dormancy release (DR). Sorbitol and sucrose declined at DR, mainly in the CA. In contrast, glucose and fructose levels progressively rose until DR. A decline in ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities occurred in both seasons at DR. Moreover, the H2O2-sensitive SOD isoenzymes, Fe-SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD, and two novel peroxidase isoenzymes, were detected. Overall, these results suggest the occurrence of a controlled oxidative stress during DR. GA7 was the major bioactive GA in both areas, the evolution of its levels being different between seasons and areas. In contrast, ABA content decreased during the dormancy period in both areas, resulting in a reduction in the ABA/total GAs ratio, being more evident in the CA. (4) Conclusion: A possible interaction sugars-hormones-ROS could take place in high-chill peach buds, favoring the DR process, suggesting that, in addition to sugar metabolism, redox interactions can govern bud DR, regardless of chilling requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Hernández
- Group of Fruit Tree Biotecnology, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.D.-V.); (J.R.A.-M.); (N.A.); (G.B.-E.)
| | - Pedro Díaz-Vivancos
- Group of Fruit Tree Biotecnology, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.D.-V.); (J.R.A.-M.); (N.A.); (G.B.-E.)
| | - José Ramón Acosta-Motos
- Group of Fruit Tree Biotecnology, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.D.-V.); (J.R.A.-M.); (N.A.); (G.B.-E.)
| | - Nuria Alburquerque
- Group of Fruit Tree Biotecnology, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.D.-V.); (J.R.A.-M.); (N.A.); (G.B.-E.)
| | - Domingo Martínez
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernandez, 03202 Orihuela, Spain;
| | - Esther Carrera
- Group of Hormonal Metabolism and Plant Development Regulation, IBMCP-CSIC, 46011 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Gregorio Barba-Espín
- Group of Fruit Tree Biotecnology, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.D.-V.); (J.R.A.-M.); (N.A.); (G.B.-E.)
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Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Zheng W, Martínez de Toda F. Strategies in vineyard establishment to face global warming in viticulture: a mini review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1261-1269. [PMID: 32914423 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Different technological solutions are developing in the wine industry to mitigate the negative effects of the current global warming to mainly achieve wines with a lower alcohol content. These proposed solutions mostly act at the oenological level and are focused on intervening in the raw material to be transformed; that is, on reducing the concentration of sugar in the must using filtration techniques or also on wine dealcoholizing by physical processes. These techniques are intended to offer solutions and respond to new consumer expectations, but they may be considered too artificial to be widely accepted. In this way, viticultural strategies may offer a natural solution to obtain grapes with low sugar content, maximizing their quality by delaying ripening. This mini review surveys the viticultural strategies that can be applied in the establishment of a vineyard - that is, when it comes to planting of a new vineyard - such as vineyard altitude, latitude, orientation, and slope, as well as rootstock, variety, clone, training system, and row orientation and slope, with the aim to mitigate the negative effects of climate change on grape and wine quality and to delay grape maturation. Finally, we propose a ponderation of the strategies discussed to contextualize its importance to face global warming in viticulture. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zheng
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fernando Martínez de Toda
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
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Wang X, Zhang R, Huang Q, Shi X, Li D, Shao L, Xu T, Horvath DP, Xia Y, Zhang J. Comparative Study on Physiological Responses and Gene Expression of Bud Endodormancy Release Between Two Herbaceous Peony Cultivars ( Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) With Contrasting Chilling Requirements. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:772285. [PMID: 35185946 PMCID: PMC8847303 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.772285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With the global temperature increase, diverse endogenous factors and environmental cues can lead to severe obstacles to bud endodormancy release for important economic plants, such as herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.). Knowing the underlying mechanism in bud endodormancy release is vital for widely planting herbaceous peony at low latitudes with warm winter climates. A systematic study was carried out between the southern Chinese cultivar 'Hang Baishao' with low-chilling requirement (CR) trait and the northern cultivar 'Zhuguang' with high-CR trait. Peony buds were sampled at regular intervals under natural cold during the crucial bud endodormancy release stage. Physiology and morphology of the buds were observed, and the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and relevant genes in the regulation of bud endodormancy release were also highlighted, which has been rather rare in previous bud dormancy studies of both herbaceous and tree peonies. The expression of the starch metabolism- and sucrose synthesis-related genes PlAMY PlSPS and PlSUS was lower in the high-CR 'Zhuguang' and corresponded to a lower content of soluble sugars. The expression of polyamine oxidase gene PlPAO2 correlated with a higher level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in high-CR 'Zhuguang' than in low CR 'Hang Baishao' during bud endodormancy. Expression of PlMAPKKK5, an intermediate gene in the abscisic acid (ABA) response to ROS signaling, correlated with ROS levels and ABA content. We present the hypothesis that accumulation of ROS increases ABA content and decreases GA3 content and signal transduction leading to reduced expression of PlSVP and PlSOC1. Reduced cell division and increased cellular damage which probably blocked bud endodormancy release were also observed in high-CR 'Zhuguang' through histological observation and related genes expression. This study provides a comparative analysis on physiological responses and gene expression patterns of bud dormancy of geophytes in an increasingly unsuitable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runlong Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danqing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingmei Shao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David P. Horvath
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: David P. Horvath,
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Yiping Xia,
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiaping Zhang,
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Mallet J, Laufs P, Leduc N, Le Gourrierec J. Photocontrol of Axillary Bud Outgrowth by MicroRNAs: Current State-of-the-Art and Novel Perspectives Gained From the Rosebush Model. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:770363. [PMID: 35173747 PMCID: PMC8841825 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.770363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is highly dependent on environmental factors. While many species show some light dependence for branching, the rosebush shows a strict requirement for light to allow branching, making this species an excellent model to further understand how light impinges on branching. Here, in the first part, we provide a review of the current understanding of how light may modulate the complex regulatory network of endogenous factors like hormones (SL, IAA, CK, GA, and ABA), nutrients (sugar and nitrogen), and ROS to control branching. We review the regulatory contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) to branching in different species, highlighting the action of such evolutionarily conserved factors. We underline some possible pathways by which light may modulate miRNA-dependent regulation of branching. In the second part, we exploit the strict light dependence of rosebush for branching to identify putative miRNAs that could contribute to the photocontrol of branching. For this, we first performed a profiling of the miRNAs expressed in early light-induced rosebush buds and next tested whether they were predicted to target recognized regulators of branching. Thus, we identified seven miRNAs (miR156, miR159, miR164, miR166, miR399, miR477, and miR8175) that could target nine genes (CKX1/6, EXPA3, MAX4, CYCD3;1, SUSY, 6PFK, APX1, and RBOHB1). Because these genes are affecting branching through different hormonal or metabolic pathways and because expression of some of these genes is photoregulated, our bioinformatic analysis suggests that miRNAs may trigger a rearrangement of the regulatory network to modulate branching in response to light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mallet
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Patrick Laufs
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Nathalie Leduc
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - José Le Gourrierec
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
- *Correspondence: José Le Gourrierec,
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Shi Z, Halaly-Basha T, Zheng C, Sharabi-Schwager M, Wang C, Galbraith DW, Ophir R, Pang X, Or E. Identification of potential post-ethylene events in the signaling cascade induced by stimuli of bud dormancy release in grapevine. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1251-1268. [PMID: 32989852 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene signaling appears critical for grape bud dormancy release. We therefore focused on identification and characterization of potential downstream targets and events, assuming that they participate in the regulation of dormancy release. Because ethylene responding factors (ERF) are natural candidates for targets of ethylene signaling, we initially characterized the behavior of two VvERF-VIIs, which we identified within a gene set induced by dormancy release stimuli. As expected, these VvERF-VIIs are localized within the nucleus, and are stabilized upon decreases in oxygen availability within the dormant buds. Less expected, the proteins are also stabilized upon hydrogen cyanamide (HC) application under normoxic conditions, and their levels peak at deepest dormancy under vineyard conditions. We proceeded to catalog the response of all bud-expressed ERFs, and identified additional ERFs that respond similarly to ethylene, HC, azide and hypoxia. We also identified a core set of genes that are similarly affected by treatment with ethylene and with various dormancy release stimuli. Interestingly, the functional annotations of this core set center around response to energy crisis and renewal of energy resources via autophagy-mediated catabolism. Because ERF-VIIs are stabilized under energy shortage and reshape cell metabolism to allow energy regeneration, we propose that: (i) the availability of VvERF-VIIs is a consequence of an energy crisis within the bud; (ii) VvERF-VIIs function as part of an energy-regenerating mechanism, which activates anaerobic metabolism and autophagy-mediated macromolecule catabolism; and (iii) activation of catabolism serves as the mandatory switch and the driving force for activation of the growth-inhibited meristem during bud-break.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowan Shi
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tamar Halaly-Basha
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Chuanlin Zheng
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Michal Sharabi-Schwager
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - David W Galbraith
- School of Plant Sciences and Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jin Ming Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jin Ming Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ron Ophir
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Xuequn Pang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Etti Or
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
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Porcher A, Guérin V, Montrichard F, Lebrec A, Lothier J, Vian A. Ascorbate glutathione-dependent H2O2 scavenging is an important process in axillary bud outgrowth in rosebush. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:1049-1062. [PMID: 32639526 PMCID: PMC7596375 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Branching is an important mechanism of plant shape establishment and the direct consequence of axillary bud outgrowth. Recently, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) metabolism, known to be involved in plant growth and development, has been proposed to contribute to axillary bud outgrowth. However, the involvement of H2O2 in this process remains unclear. METHODS We analysed the content of H2O2 during bud outgrowth and characterized its catabolism, both at the transcriptional level and in terms of its enzymatic activities, using RT-qPCR and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. In addition, we used in vitro culture to characterize the effects of H2O2 application and the reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis inhibitor l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) on bud outgrowth in relation to known molecular markers involved in this process. KEY RESULTS Quiescent buds displayed a high content of H2O2 that declined when bud outgrowth was initiated, as the consequence of an increase in the scavenging activity that is associated with glutathione pathways (ascorbate-glutathione cycle and glutathione biosynthesis); catalase did not appear to be implicated. Modification of bud redox state after the application of H2O2 or BSO prevented axillary bud outgrowth by repressing organogenesis and newly formed axis elongation. Hydrogen peroxide also repressed bud outgrowth-associated marker gene expression. CONCLUSIONS These results show that high levels of H2O2 in buds that are in a quiescent state prevents bud outgrowth. Induction of ascorbate-glutathione pathway scavenging activities results in a strong decrease in H2O2 content in buds, which finally allows bud outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Porcher
- Université d’Angers, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, UMR IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Vincent Guérin
- Université d’Angers, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, UMR IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Françoise Montrichard
- Université d’Angers, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, UMR IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Anita Lebrec
- Université d’Angers, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, UMR IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jérémy Lothier
- Université d’Angers, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, UMR IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Alain Vian
- Université d’Angers, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, UMR IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
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Shangguan L, Chen M, Fang X, Xie Z, Gong P, Huang Y, Wang Z, Fang J. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insight into regulation pathways and temporal and spatial expression characteristics of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) dormant buds in different nodes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:390. [PMID: 32842963 PMCID: PMC7449092 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bud dormancy is a strategic mechanism plants developed as an adaptation to unfavorable environments. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most ancient fruit vine species and vines are planted all over the world due to their great economic benefits. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying bud dormancy between adjacent months, the transcriptomes of 'Rosario Bianco' grape buds of 6 months and three nodes were analyzed using RNA-sequencing technology and pair-wise comparison. From November to April of the following year, pairwise comparisons were conducted between adjacent months. RESULTS A total of 11,647 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from five comparisons. According to the results of cluster analysis of the DEG profiles and the climatic status of the sampling period, the 6 months were divided into three key processes (November to January, January to March, and March to April). Pair-wise comparisons of DEG profiles of adjacent months and three main dormancy processes showed that the whole grapevine bud dormancy period was mainly regulated by the antioxidant system, secondary metabolism, cell cycle and division, cell wall metabolism, and carbohydrates metabolism. Additionally, several DEGs, such as VvGA2OX6 and VvSS3, showed temporally and spatially differential expression patterns, which normalized to a similar trend during or before April. CONCLUSION Considering these results, the molecular mechanisms underlying bud dormancy in the grapevine can be hypothesized, which lays the foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Shangguan
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Mengxia Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenqiang Xie
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212499, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peijie Gong
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals a Regulatory Network of Oxidative Stress-Induced Flowering Signals Produced in Litchi Leaves. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030324. [PMID: 32197528 PMCID: PMC7140818 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Litchi is an important subtropical fruit tree that requires an appropriately low temperature to trigger floral initiation. Our previous studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in litchi flowering. To identify oxidative stress-induced flowering related genes in leaves, ‘Nuomici’ potted trees were grown at medium low-temperature conditions (18/13 °C for day/night, medium-temperature). The trees were treated with the ROS generator methyl viologen dichloride hydrate (MV) as the MV-generated ROS treatment (MM, medium-temperature plus MV) and water as the control treatment (M, medium-temperature plus water). Sixteen RNA-sequencing libraries were constructed, and each library generated more than 5,000,000 clean reads. A total of 517 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Among those DEGs, plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction genes, ROS-specific transcription factors, such as AP2/ERF and WRKY genes, stress response genes, and flowering-related genes FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (FT1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) were significantly enriched. Then, as a confirmatory experiment, the potted trees were uniformly sprayed with MV, N,N’-dimethylthiourea (DMTU, ROS scavenger) plus MV, and water at medium-temperature. The results showed that the MV-generated ROS promoted flowering and changed related gene expression, but these effects were repressed by DMTU treatment. The results of our studies indicate that ROS could promote flowering and partly bypass chilling for litchi flowering.
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Liang D, Huang X, Shen Y, Shen T, Zhang H, Lin L, Wang J, Deng Q, Lyu X, Xia H. Hydrogen cyanamide induces grape bud endodormancy release through carbohydrate metabolism and plant hormone signaling. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:1034. [PMID: 31888462 PMCID: PMC6937986 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grape buds exhibit non-uniform, or delayed, break in early spring in subtropical regions because the accumulation of chilling is insufficient. Hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2, HC) can partially replace chilling to effectively promote bud sprouting and is used widely in warm winter areas. However, the exact underlying mechanism of grape bud release from endodormancy induced by HC remains elusive. Results In this study, the transcriptome of grape winter buds under in vitro conditions following HC and water treatment (control) was analyzed using RNA-seq technology. A total of 6772 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Furthermore, the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that starch and sucrose metabolism and plant hormone signaling transduction were most enriched out of the 50 total pathways. HC treatment induced the upregulated expression of sucrose synthase (SUS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), α-amylase (AM), and β-amylase (BM) and downregulated expression of sucrose invertase (INV), hexokinase (HK), fructokinase (FK), soluble starch synthase (SS), and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS). Hence, the starch concentration in the HC-treated group was significantly lower than that in control, whereas soluble sugar content in the HC-treated group increased quickly and was higher than that in control between 0 and 8 d. The concentration of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and zeatin (ZT) increased, whereas that of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) decreased in HC treated group, which coincided with the expression level of genes involved in above hormone signals. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were increased in grape buds with HC treatment, whereas catalase (CAT) activity was decreased. HC treatment increased the expression of POD, SOD, primary amine oxidase (PAO), polyamine oxidase (PAOX), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Conclusion Based on these results, it is possible to propose a mechanistic model that underlies the regulation of endodormancy release in grapevine buds by exogenous HC application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanqiu Shen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian Shen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiulan Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Pacifico D, Squartini A, Crucitti D, Barizza E, Lo Schiavo F, Muresu R, Carimi F, Zottini M. The Role of the Endophytic Microbiome in the Grapevine Response to Environmental Triggers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1256. [PMID: 31649712 PMCID: PMC6794716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Endophytism within Vitis represents a topic of critical relevance due to the multiple standpoints from which it can be approached and considered. From the biological and botanical perspectives, the interaction between microorganisms and perennial woody plants falls within the category of stable relationships from which the plants can benefit in multiple ways. The life cycle of the host ensures persistence in all seasons, repeated chances of contact, and consequent microbiota accumulation over time, leading to potentially high diversity compared with that of herbaceous short-lived plants. Furthermore, grapevines are agriculturally exploited, highly selected germplasms where a profound man-driven footprint has indirectly and unconsciously shaped the inner microbiota through centuries of cultivation and breeding. Moreover, since endophyte metabolism can contribute to that of the plant host and its fruits' biochemical composition, the nature of grapevine endophytic taxa identities, ecological attitudes, potential toxicity, and clinical relevance are aspects worthy of a thorough investigation. Can endophytic taxa efficiently defend grapevines by acting against pests or confer enough fitness to the plants to endure attacks? What are the underlying mechanisms that translate into this or other advantages in the hosting plant? Can endophytes partially redirect plant metabolism, and to what extent do they act by releasing active products? Is the inner microbial colonization necessary priming for a cascade of actions? Are there defined environmental conditions that can trigger the unleashing of key microbial phenotypes? What is the environmental role in providing the ground biodiversity by which the plant can recruit microsymbionts? How much and by what practices and strategies can these symbioses be managed, applied, and directed to achieve the goal of a better sustainable viticulture? By thoroughly reviewing the available literature in the field and critically examining the data and perspectives, the above issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pacifico
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Corso Calatafimi, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Dalila Crucitti
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Corso Calatafimi, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosella Muresu
- Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council (CNR), Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Carimi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Corso Calatafimi, Palermo, Italy
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Kovaleski AP, Londo JP. Tempo of gene regulation in wild and cultivated Vitis species shows coordination between cold deacclimation and budbreak. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110178. [PMID: 31481199 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy release, loss of cold hardiness and budbreak are critical aspects of the annual cycle of deciduous perennial plants. Molecular control of these processes is not fully understood, and genotypic variation may be important for climate adaptation. To gain greater understanding of these processes, single-node cuttings from wild (Vitis amurensis, V. riparia) and cultivated Vitis genotypes (V. vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Riesling') were collected from the vineyard during winter and placed under forcing conditions. Cold hardiness was measured daily, and buds were collected for gene expression analysis until budbreak. Wild Vitis genotypes had faster deacclimation and budbreak than V. vinifera. Temperature-sensing related genes were quickly and synchronously differentially expressed in all genotypes. Significant changes in the pattern of expression changes for eight major metabolic and hormone related pathways were seen across all genotypes. Downregulation of ABA synthesis appears to play an important role in loss of cold hardiness and budbreak in all genotypes. This role was validated through an observed halt in cold hardiness loss of 'Riesling' buds treated with exogenous ABA. The gene expression cascade that occurs during deacclimation and budbreak phenology of fast (wild) and slow (cultivated) grapevines appears coordinated and temporally conserved within these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson P Kovaleski
- School of Integrative Plant Science - Horticulture Section, Cornell University - Cornell AgriTech, 15 Castle Creek Drive 630, Geneva, NY, USA; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, 15 Castle Creek Drive 630, Geneva, NY, USA.
| | - Jason P Londo
- School of Integrative Plant Science - Horticulture Section, Cornell University - Cornell AgriTech, 15 Castle Creek Drive 630, Geneva, NY, USA; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, 15 Castle Creek Drive 630, Geneva, NY, USA.
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Harrington SA, Overend LE, Cobo N, Borrill P, Uauy C. Conserved residues in the wheat (Triticum aestivum) NAM-A1 NAC domain are required for protein binding and when mutated lead to delayed peduncle and flag leaf senescence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:407. [PMID: 31533618 PMCID: PMC6749658 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAC transcription factors contain five highly conserved subdomains which are required for protein dimerisation and DNA binding. Few residues within these subdomains have been identified as essential for protein function, and fewer still have been shown to be of biological relevance in planta. Here we use a positive regulator of senescence in wheat, NAM-A1, to test the impact of missense mutations at specific, highly conserved residues of the NAC domain on protein function. RESULTS We identified missense mutations in five highly conserved residues of the NAC domain of NAM-A1 in a tetraploid TILLING population. TILLING lines containing these mutations, alongside synonymous and non-conserved mutation controls, were grown under glasshouse conditions and scored for senescence. Four of the five mutations showed a significant and consistent delay in peduncle senescence but had no consistent effects on flag leaf senescence. All four mutant alleles with the delayed senescence phenotype also lost the ability to interact with the homoeolog NAM-B1 in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Two of these residues were previously shown to be involved in NAC domain function in Arabidopsis, suggesting conservation of residue function between species. Three of these four alleles led to an attenuated cell death response compared to wild-type NAM-A1 when transiently over-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. One of these mutations was further tested under field conditions, in which there was a significant and consistent delay in both peduncle and leaf senescence. CONCLUSIONS We combined field and glasshouse studies of a series of mutant alleles with biochemical analyses to identify four residues of the NAC domain which are required for NAM-A1 function and protein interaction. We show that mutations in these residues lead to a gradient of phenotypes, raising the possibility of developing allelic series of mutations for traits of agronomic importance. We also show that mutations in NAM-A1 more severely impact peduncle senescence, compared to the more commonly studied flag leaf senescence, highlighting this as an area deserving of further study. The results from this integrated approach provide strong evidence that conserved residues within the functional domains of NAC transcription factors have biological significance in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Cobo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Philippa Borrill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
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Harrington SA, Overend LE, Cobo N, Borrill P, Uauy C. Conserved residues in the wheat (Triticum aestivum) NAM-A1 NAC domain are required for protein binding and when mutated lead to delayed peduncle and flag leaf senescence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:407. [PMID: 31533618 DOI: 10.1101/573881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAC transcription factors contain five highly conserved subdomains which are required for protein dimerisation and DNA binding. Few residues within these subdomains have been identified as essential for protein function, and fewer still have been shown to be of biological relevance in planta. Here we use a positive regulator of senescence in wheat, NAM-A1, to test the impact of missense mutations at specific, highly conserved residues of the NAC domain on protein function. RESULTS We identified missense mutations in five highly conserved residues of the NAC domain of NAM-A1 in a tetraploid TILLING population. TILLING lines containing these mutations, alongside synonymous and non-conserved mutation controls, were grown under glasshouse conditions and scored for senescence. Four of the five mutations showed a significant and consistent delay in peduncle senescence but had no consistent effects on flag leaf senescence. All four mutant alleles with the delayed senescence phenotype also lost the ability to interact with the homoeolog NAM-B1 in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Two of these residues were previously shown to be involved in NAC domain function in Arabidopsis, suggesting conservation of residue function between species. Three of these four alleles led to an attenuated cell death response compared to wild-type NAM-A1 when transiently over-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. One of these mutations was further tested under field conditions, in which there was a significant and consistent delay in both peduncle and leaf senescence. CONCLUSIONS We combined field and glasshouse studies of a series of mutant alleles with biochemical analyses to identify four residues of the NAC domain which are required for NAM-A1 function and protein interaction. We show that mutations in these residues lead to a gradient of phenotypes, raising the possibility of developing allelic series of mutations for traits of agronomic importance. We also show that mutations in NAM-A1 more severely impact peduncle senescence, compared to the more commonly studied flag leaf senescence, highlighting this as an area deserving of further study. The results from this integrated approach provide strong evidence that conserved residues within the functional domains of NAC transcription factors have biological significance in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Cobo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Philippa Borrill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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Comparative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis to Deeply Investigate the Role of Hydrogen Cyanamide in Grape Bud Dormancy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143528. [PMID: 31323865 PMCID: PMC6679053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen cyanamide (HC) is an agrochemical compound that is frequently used to break bud dormancy in grapevines grown under mild winter conditions globally. The present study was carried out to provide an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism associated with HC releasing bud dormancy in grapevines. For this purpose, RNA-seq based transcriptomic and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic information was acquired and critically analyzed. The combined results of transcriptomic and proteomic analysis were utilized to demonstrate differential expression pattern of genes at the translational and transcriptional levels. The outcome of the proteomic analysis revealed that a total of 7135 proteins (p-value ≤ 0.05; fold change ≥ 1.5) between the treatments (HC treated versus control) were identified, out of which 6224 were quantified. Among these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), the majority of these proteins were related to heat shock, oxidoreductase activity, and energy metabolism. Metabolic, ribosomal, and hormonal signaling pathways were found to be significantly enriched at both the transcriptional and translational levels. It was illustrated that genes associated with metabolic and oxidoreductase activity were mainly involved in the regulation of bud dormancy at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. The current work furnishes a new track to decipher the molecular mechanism of bud dormancy after HC treatment in grapes. Functional characterization of key genes and proteins will be informative in exactly pinpointing the crosstalk between transcription and translation in the release of bud dormancy after HC application.
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35
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Liu J, Sherif SM. Hormonal Orchestration of Bud Dormancy Cycle in Deciduous Woody Perennials. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1136. [PMID: 31620159 PMCID: PMC6759871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Woody perennials enter seasonal dormancy to avoid unfavorable environmental conditions. Plant hormones are the critical mediators regulating this complex process, which is subject to the influence of many internal and external factors. Over the last two decades, our knowledge of hormone-mediated dormancy has increased considerably, primarily due to advancements in molecular biology, omics, and bioinformatics. These advancements have enabled the elucidation of several aspects of hormonal regulation associated with bud dormancy in various deciduous tree species. Plant hormones interact with each other extensively in a context-dependent manner. The dormancy-associated MADS (DAM) transcription factors appear to enable hormones and other internal signals associated with the transition between different phases of bud dormancy. These proteins likely hold a great potential in deciphering the underlying mechanisms of dormancy initiation, maintenance, and release. In this review, a recent understanding of the roles of plant hormones, their cross talks, and their potential interactions with DAM proteins during dormancy is discussed.
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36
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Shi Z, Halaly-Basha T, Zheng C, Weissberg M, Ophir R, Galbraith DW, Pang X, Or E. Transient induction of a subset of ethylene biosynthesis genes is potentially involved in regulation of grapevine bud dormancy release. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 98:507-523. [PMID: 30392158 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transient increases in ethylene biosynthesis, achieved by tight regulation of transcription of specific ACC oxidase and ACC synthase genes, play a role in activation of grapevine bud dormancy release. The molecular mechanisms regulating dormancy release in grapevine buds are as yet unclear. It has been hypothesized that its core involves perturbation of respiration which induces an interplay between ethylene and ABA metabolism that removes repression and allows regrowth. Roles for hypoxia and ABA metabolism in this process have been previously supported. The potential involvement of ethylene biosynthesis in regulation of dormancy release, which has received little attention so far, is now explored. Our results indicate that (1) ethylene biosynthesis is induced by hydrogen cyanamide (HC) and azide (AZ), known artificial stimuli of dormancy release, (2) inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and signalling antagonize dormancy release by HC/AZ treatments, (3) ethylene application induces dormancy release, (4) there are two sets of bud-expressed ethylene biosynthesis genes which are differentially regulated, (5) only one set is transiently upregulated by HC/AZ and during the natural dormancy cycle, concomitant with changes in ethylene levels, and (6) levels of ACC oxidase transcripts and ethylene sharply decrease during natural dormancy release, whereas ACC accumulates. Given these results, we propose that transient increases in ethylene biosynthesis prior to dormancy release, achieved primarily by regulation of transcription of specific ACC oxidase genes, play a role in activation of dormancy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowan Shi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tamar Halaly-Basha
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Chuanlin Zheng
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Mira Weissberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ron Ophir
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - David W Galbraith
- School of Plant Sciences and Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Xuequn Pang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Etti Or
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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Beauvieux R, Wenden B, Dirlewanger E. Bud Dormancy in Perennial Fruit Tree Species: A Pivotal Role for Oxidative Cues. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:657. [PMID: 29868101 PMCID: PMC5969045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
For perennial plants, bud dormancy is a crucial step as its progression over winter determines the quality of bud break, flowering, and fruiting. In the past decades, many studies, based on metabolic, physiological, subcellular, genetic, and genomic analyses, have unraveled mechanisms underlying bud dormancy progression. Overall, all the pathways identified are interconnected in a very complex manner. Here, we review early and recent findings on the dormancy processes in buds of temperate fruit trees species including hormonal signaling, the role of plasma membrane, carbohydrate metabolism, mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress, with an effort to link them together and emphasize the central role of reactive oxygen species accumulation in the control of dormancy progression.
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38
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Ionescu IA, López-Ortega G, Burow M, Bayo-Canha A, Junge A, Gericke O, Møller BL, Sánchez-Pérez R. Transcriptome and Metabolite Changes during Hydrogen Cyanamide-Induced Floral Bud Break in Sweet Cherry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1233. [PMID: 28769948 PMCID: PMC5511853 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Release of bud dormancy in perennial woody plants is a temperature-dependent process and thus flowering in these species is heavily affected by climate change. The lack of cold winters in temperate growing regions often results in reduced flowering and low fruit yields. This is likely to decrease the availability of fruits and nuts of the Prunus spp. in the near future. In order to maintain high yields, it is crucial to gain detailed knowledge on the molecular mechanisms controlling the release of bud dormancy. Here, we studied these mechanisms using sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), a crop where the agrochemical hydrogen cyanamide (HC) is routinely used to compensate for the lack of cold winter temperatures and to induce flower opening. In this work, dormant flower buds were sprayed with hydrogen cyanamide followed by deep RNA sequencing, identifying three main expression patterns in response to HC. These transcript level results were validated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and supported further by phytohormone profiling (ABA, SA, IAA, CK, ethylene, JA). Using these approaches, we identified the most up-regulated pathways: the cytokinin pathway, as well as the jasmonate and the hydrogen cyanide pathway. Our results strongly suggest an inductive effect of these metabolites in bud dormancy release and provide a stepping stone for the characterization of key genes in bud dormancy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Ionescu
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
- VILLUM Center for Plant Plasticity, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Alexander Junge
- Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Oliver Gericke
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Birger L. Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
- VILLUM Center for Plant Plasticity, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Pérez
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
- VILLUM Center for Plant Plasticity, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
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Chao WS, Doğramacı M, Horvath DP, Anderson JV, Foley ME. Comparison of phytohormone levels and transcript profiles during seasonal dormancy transitions in underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:281-302. [PMID: 28365837 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is an herbaceous perennial weed that maintains its perennial growth habit through generation of underground adventitious buds (UABs) on the crown and lateral roots. These UABs undergo seasonal phases of dormancy under natural conditions, namely para-, endo-, and ecodormancy in summer, fall, and winter, respectively. These dormancy phases can also be induced in growth chambers by manipulating photoperiod and temperature. In this study, UABs induced into the three phases of dormancy under controlled conditions were used to compare changes in phytohormone and transcriptome profiles. Results indicated that relatively high levels of ABA, the ABA metabolite PA, and IAA were found in paradormant buds. When UABs transitioned from para- to endodormancy, ABA and PA levels decreased, whereas IAA levels were maintained. Additionally, transcript profiles associated with regulation of soluble sugars and ethylene activities were also increased during para- to endodormancy transition, which may play some role in maintaining endodormancy status. When crown buds transitioned from endo- to ecodormancy, the ABA metabolites PA and DPA decreased significantly along with the down-regulation of ABA biosynthesis genes, ABA2 and NCED3. IAA levels were also significantly lower in ecodormant buds than that of endodormant buds. We hypothesize that extended cold treatment may trigger physiological stress in endodormant buds, and that these stress-associated signals induced the endo- to ecodormancy transition and growth competence. The up-regulation of NAD/NADH phosphorylation and dephosphorylation pathway, and MAF3-like and GRFs genes, may be considered as markers of growth competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun S Chao
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - Münevver Doğramacı
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - David P Horvath
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - James V Anderson
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - Michael E Foley
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
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Ionescu IA, Møller BL, Sánchez-Pérez R. Chemical control of flowering time. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:369-382. [PMID: 28204655 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flowering at the right time is of great importance; it secures seed production and therefore species survival and crop yield. In addition to the genetic network controlling flowering time, there are a number of much less studied metabolites and exogenously applied chemicals that may influence the transition to flowering as well as flower opening. Increased emphasis on research within this area has the potential to counteract the negative effects of global warming on flowering time, especially in perennial crop plants. Perennial crops have a requirement for winter chill, but winters become increasingly warm in temperate regions. This has dramatic effects on crop yield. Different strategies are therefore being developed to engineer flowering time to match local growing conditions. The majority of these efforts are within plant breeding, which benefits from a substantial amount of knowledge on the genetic aspects of flowering time regulation in annuals, but less so in perennials. An alternative to plant breeding approaches is to engineer flowering time chemically via the external application of flower-inducing compounds. This review discusses a variety of exogenously applied compounds used in fruit farming to date, as well as endogenous growth substances and metabolites that can influence flowering time of annuals and perennials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Alexandra Ionescu
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Villum Center for Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Villum Center for Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Pérez
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Villum Center for Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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