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Nazir MM, Li G, Nawaz M, Noman M, Zulfiqar F, Ahmed T, Jalil S, Ijaz M, Kuzyakov Y, Du D. Ionic and nano calcium to reduce cadmium and arsenic toxicity in plants: Review of mechanisms and potentials. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 216:109169. [PMID: 39369650 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metal(loid)s like arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) is an ever increasing concern for crop production, quality, and global food security. Numerous in-situ and ex-situ remediation approaches have been developed to reduce As and Cd contamination in soils. However, field-scale applications of conventional remediation techniques are limited due to the associated environmental risks, low efficacy, and large capital investments. Recently, calcium (Ca) and Ca-based nano-formulations have emerged as promising solutions with the large potential to mitigate As and Cd toxicity in soil for plants. This review provides comprehensive insights into the phytotoxic effects of As and Cd stress/toxicity and discusses the applications of Ca-based ionic and nano-agrochemicals to alleviate As and Cd toxicity in important crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and barley. Further, various molecular and physiological mechanisms induced by ionic and nano Ca to mitigate As and Cd stress/toxicity in plants are discussed. This review also critically analyzes the efficiency of these emerging Ca-based approaches, both ionic and nano-formulations, in mitigating As and Cd toxicity in comparison to conventional remediation techniques. Additionally, future perspectives and ecological concerns of the remediation approaches encompassing ionic and nano Ca have been discussed. Overall, the review provides an updated and in-depth knowledge for developing sustainable and effective strategies to address the challenges posed by As and Cd contamination in agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mudassir Nazir
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanlin Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Mohsin Nawaz
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; College of Arts and Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Kuwait
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Life Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sanaullah Jalil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Munazza Ijaz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College, Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Su X, Liu X, Li C, Zhang Y. 24-epibrassinolide as a multidimensional regulator of rice (Oryza sativa) physiological and molecular responses under isoproturon stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116575. [PMID: 38917591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) can regulate various processes in plant development and defense against environmental stress. In this study, the contribution of BRs in the degradation of isoproturon (IPU) in rice has been established. IPU has a significant effect on rice growth, chlorophyll content, and membrane permeability. When treated with 1.0 μmol/L 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), a BR analogue, the associated symptoms of rice poisoning were alleviated as the IPU levels in the rice and growth media were decreased. In the presence of EBR, the activities of several IPU-related detoxification enzymes were enhanced to cope with the stress due to IPU. An RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) has been performed to determine the variation of transcriptomes and metabolic mechanisms in rice treated with EBR, IPU, or IPU+EBR. Some of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were Phase I-III reaction components of plants, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP450), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glycosyltransferases (GTs), and the ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC transporter). The expression of some signal transduction genes was significantly up-regulated. The relative content of low-toxicity IPU metabolites increased due to the presence of EBR as determined by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS. The IPU metabolic pathways include enzyme-catalyzed demethylation, hydroxylation, hydrolysis, glycosylation, and amino acid conjugation processes. The results suggest that EBR plays a key role in the degradation and detoxification of IPU. This study has provided evidence that BRs regulate the metabolism and detoxification of IPU in rice, and offers a new approach to ensuring cleaner crops by eliminating pesticide residues in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Su
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protecftion of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chuanying Li
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protecftion of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protecftion of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Su X, Li CY, Liu XS, Zhang YP. The role of OsBZR4 as a brassinosteroid-signaling component in mediating atrazine and isoproturon degradation in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134625. [PMID: 38759408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Development of a biotechnological system for rapid degradation of pesticides is important to mitigate the environmental, food security, and health risks that they pose. Degradation of atrazine (ATZ) and isoproturon (IPU) in rice crops promoted by the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling component BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT4 (OsBZR4) is explored. OsBZR4 is localized in the plasma membrane and nucleus, and is strongly induced by ATZ and IPU exposure. Transgenic rice OsBZR4-overexpression (OE) significantly enhances resistance to ATZ and IPU toxicity, improving growth, and reducing ATZ and IPU accumulation (particularly in grains) in rice crops. Genetic destruction of OsBZR4 (CRISPR/Cas9) increases rice sensitivity and leads to increased accumulation of ATZ and IPU. OE plants promote phase I, II, and III metabolic reactions, and expression of corresponding pesticide degradation genes under ATZ and IPU stress. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis reveals increased relative contents of ATZ and IPU metabolites and conjugates in OE plants, suggesting an increased OsBZR4 expression and consequent detoxification of ATZ and IPU in rice and the environment. The role of OsBZR4 in pesticide degradation is revealed, and its potential application in enhancing plant resistance to pesticides, and facilitating the breakdown of pesticides in rice and the environment, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Su
- Research Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chuan Ying Li
- Research Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xue Song Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu Ping Zhang
- Research Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Vitelli V, Giamborino A, Bertolini A, Saba A, Andreucci A. Cadmium Stress Signaling Pathways in Plants: Molecular Responses and Mechanisms. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6052-6068. [PMID: 38921032 PMCID: PMC11202648 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution, specifically cadmium (Cd) contamination, is a worldwide concern for its consequences for plant health and ecosystem stability. This review sheds light on the intricate mechanisms underlying Cd toxicity in plants and the various strategies employed by these organisms to mitigate its adverse effects. From molecular responses to physiological adaptations, plants have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms to counteract Cd stress. We highlighted the role of phytochelatins (PCn) in plant detoxification, which chelate and sequester Cd ions to prevent their accumulation and minimize toxicity. Additionally, we explored the involvement of glutathione (GSH) in mitigating oxidative damage caused by Cd exposure and discussed the regulatory mechanisms governing GSH biosynthesis. We highlighted the role of transporter proteins, such as ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCs) and heavy metal ATPases (HMAs), in mediating the uptake, sequestration, and detoxification of Cd in plants. Overall, this work offered valuable insights into the physiological, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms underlying plant responses to Cd stress, providing a basis for strategies to alleviate the unfavorable effects of HM pollution on plant health and ecosystem resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vitelli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.G.); (A.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnese Giamborino
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.G.); (A.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrea Bertolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.G.); (A.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.G.); (A.B.); (A.S.)
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Zhang X, Yang M, Yang H, Pian R, Wang J, Wu AM. The Uptake, Transfer, and Detoxification of Cadmium in Plants and Its Exogenous Effects. Cells 2024; 13:907. [PMID: 38891039 PMCID: PMC11172145 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exerts a toxic influence on numerous crucial growth and development processes in plants, notably affecting seed germination rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and biomass. While considerable advances in Cd uptake and detoxification of plants have been made, the mechanisms by which plants adapt to and tolerate Cd toxicity remain elusive. This review focuses on the relationship between Cd and plants and the prospects for phytoremediation of Cd pollution. We highlight the following issues: (1) the present state of Cd pollution and its associated hazards, encompassing the sources and distribution of Cd and the risks posed to human health; (2) the mechanisms underlying the uptake and transport of Cd, including the physiological processes associated with the uptake, translocation, and detoxification of Cd, as well as the pertinent gene families implicated in these processes; (3) the detrimental effects of Cd on plants and the mechanisms of detoxification, such as the activation of resistance genes, root chelation, vacuolar compartmentalization, the activation of antioxidant systems and the generation of non-enzymatic antioxidants; (4) the practical application of phytoremediation and the impact of incorporating exogenous substances on the Cd tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
| | - Man Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
| | - Ruiqi Pian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Control and Environmental Safety in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
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Li H, Song Liu X, Sun D, Min Yang Z. A long non-coding RNA associated with H3K7me3 methylation negatively regulates OsZIP16 transcription under cadmium stress. Gene 2024; 901:148173. [PMID: 38242376 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic environmental pollutant, posing a high risk to crop production and human health. However, the genetic mechanisms for regulation of Cd accumulation in crops are poorly understood. In this study, we functionally identified a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA, TCONS_00502780) that repressed a locus encoding an uncharacterized metal transporter ZIP16 (ZRT/IRT-like Protein) in rice. LncRNA-OsZIP16 (L16) is resident in the antisense strand of OsZIP16. Both L16 and OsZIP16 were transcriptionally expressed during the life cycle, but under Cd stress the L16 transcription was repressed, whereas the OsZIP16 expression was upregulated. OsZIP16 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Knocking out OsZIP16 by CRISPR-Cas9 (C16) resulted in Cd sensitivity, manifested by reduced plant growth and intense cellular damage with a slightly higher Cd translocation from roots to shoots, suggesting that OsZIP16 expression is required for rice growth and development under Cd stress. Conversely, OsZIP16 constitutive overexpression (OE16) lines displayed a growth phenotype compatible to the wide-type with lower Cd translocation ratio from roots to shoots. L16 knock-down lines by RNA interference (L16-R) showed a similar phenotype to the OE16 lines, while the L16 overexpression (L16-OE) lines were phenotypically similar to the C16 lines. The OsZIP16 transcription was upregulated in the L16-R lines but downregulated in the L16-OE lines. Using an antibody against the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) followed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we found the reduced H3K27me3 methylation marks surrounding the OsZIP16 gene under Cd stress. Further examination of H3K27me3 in the L16-R lines revealed that the methylation levels were also significantly lower than those in WT. Taken together, these data suggest that the L16 could negatively regulate the OsZIP16 transcriptional expression through an epigenetic mechanism for rice adaption to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue Song Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Di Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhi Min Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Matayoshi CL, Jiménez Guaman OM, Esteso ML, Pavoni M, Arán M, Pena LB, Gallego SM. Cadmium and copper-induced metabolic and proteomic changes in the root tip during early maize growth. Biometals 2024; 37:405-419. [PMID: 37987956 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the metabolic adjustments performed by maize (Zea mays L.) seminal roots exposed to 25 µM Cd2+ or 25 µM Cu2+ at pre-emergence are compared, focusing on the proteomic changes after metal exposure. Root width was increased, and root length was decreased after 72 h of metal treatment. Both metals induced H2O2 accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the root tip. These changes were accompanied by increases in lipoxygenase activity and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal content. NMR spectroscopy revealed that the abundance of 38 water-soluble metabolites was significantly modified by Cd and Cu exposure; this set of metabolites comprised carboxylic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and unidentified phenolic compounds. Linoleic acid content significantly decreased in Cu-treated samples. The total amount of proteins detected in maize root apexes was 2,171. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the differentially accumulated proteins was performed to detect pathways probably affected by metal additions. Both metals altered redox homeostasis, up-regulated oxylipins biosynthetic process, and shifted metabolism towards the oxidative pentose-phosphate in the root apexes. However, the methionine salvage pathway appears as a key metabolic module only under Cd stress. The integrative analysis carried out in this study suggests that most molecular features behind the reprogramming of maize root tips to cope with cadmium and copper toxicity are common, but some are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lucila Matayoshi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1º Piso, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Odalis Maholi Jiménez Guaman
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1º Piso, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Leopoldo Esteso
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1º Piso, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela Pavoni
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1º Piso, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Arán
- Laboratorio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Beatriz Pena
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1º Piso, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Susana Mabel Gallego
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1º Piso, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zhang Y, Yang C, Liu S, Xie Z, Chang H, Wu T. Phytohormones-mediated strategies for mitigation of heavy metals toxicity in plants focused on sustainable production. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:99. [PMID: 38494540 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE In this manuscript, authors reviewed and explore the information on beneficial role of phytohormones to mitigate adverse effects of heavy metals toxicity in plants. Global farming systems are seriously threatened by heavy metals (HMs) toxicity, which can result in decreased crop yields, impaired food safety, and negative environmental effects. A rise in curiosity has been shown recently in creating sustainable methods to reduce HMs toxicity in plants and improve agricultural productivity. To accomplish this, phytohormones, which play a crucial role in controlling plant development and adaptations to stress, have emerged as intriguing possibilities. With a particular focus on environmentally friendly farming methods, the current review provides an overview of phytohormone-mediated strategies for reducing HMs toxicity in plants. Several physiological and biochemical activities, including metal uptake, translocation, detoxification, and stress tolerance, are mediated by phytohormones, such as melatonin, auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and jasmonates. The current review offers thorough explanations of the ways in which phytohormones respond to HMs to help plants detoxify and strengthen their resilience to metal stress. It is crucial to explore the potential uses of phytohormones as long-term solutions for reducing the harmful effects of HMs in plants. These include accelerating phytoextraction, decreasing metal redistribution to edible plant portions, increasing plant tolerance to HMs by hormonal manipulation, and boosting metal sequestration in roots. These methods seek to increase plant resistance to HMs stress while supporting environmentally friendly agricultural output. In conclusion, phytohormones present potential ways to reduce the toxicity of HMs in plants, thus promoting sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130600, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunyuan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130600, China.
| | - Shuxia Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Zhonglei Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130600, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hongyan Chang
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130600, China
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Li H, Li C, Sun D, Yang ZM. OsPDR20 is an ABCG metal transporter regulating cadmium accumulation in rice. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:21-34. [PMID: 37923431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential toxic heavy metal, seriously posing high environmental risks to human health. Digging genetic resources relevant to functional genes is important for understanding the metal absorption and accumulation in crops and bioremediation of Cd-polluted environments. This study investigated a functionally uncharacterized ATP binding cassette transporter G family (ABCG) gene encoding a Pleiotropic Drug Resistance 20 (PDR20) type metal transporter which is localized to the plasma membrane of rice. OsPDR20 was transcriptionally expressed in almost all tissues and organs in lifespan and was strongly induced in roots and shoots of young rice under Cd stress. Ectopic expression of OsPDR20 in a yeast mutant ycf1 sensitive to Cd conferred cellular tolerance with less Cd accumulation. Knockdown of OsPDR20 by RNA interference (RNAi) moderately attenuated root/shoot elongation and biomass, with reduced chlorophylls in rice grown under hydroponic medium with 2 and 10 µmol/L Cd, but led to more Cd accumulation. A field trial of rice grown in a realistic Cd-contaminated soil (0.40 mg/kg) showed that RNAi plants growth and development were also compromised compared to wild-type (WT), with smaller panicles and lower spikelet fertility but little effect on yield of grains. However, OsPDR20 suppression resulted in unexpectedly higher levels of Cd accumulation in rice straw including lower leaves and culm and grain. These results suggest that OsPDR20 is actively involved in Cd accumulation and homeostasis in rice crops. The increased Cd accumulation in the RNAi plants has the potential application in phytoremediation of Cd-polluted wetland soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Di Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhi Min Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Liu XS, Li H, Feng SJ, Yang ZM. A transposable element-derived siRNAs involve DNA hypermethylation at the promoter of OsGSTZ4 for cadmium tolerance in rice. Gene 2024; 892:147900. [PMID: 37839767 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants such as cadmium (Cd) pose high risks to crop production and human health. The genetic basis for regulation of Cd stress-responsive genes for plant adaptation to adverse environments remains poorly understood. In this study, we characterized a rice Zeta family glutathione-S-transferase (OsGSTZ4) gene for Cd detoxification. Heterologous expression of OsGSTZ4 in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) conferred cellular Cd tolerance. Transgenic rice overexpressing OsGSTZ4 improved plant growth, attenuated Cd-induced toxicity, and accumulated more Cd in roots. OsGSTZ4 transcription was rapidly induced 3 h after Cd exposure and then declined to the basal level. This was followed by (days after Cd treatment) by CHH hypermethylation (by 41.2 %) at a MITE (Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Element) transposable element (TE) inserted in the 5'-untranscribed region (UTR) (-1,722 ∼ -1,392 bp) of OsGSTZ4. Meanwhile, three 24-nt siRNAs derived from the TE (-1,722 ∼ -1,471 bp) were detected and was also rapidly enriched under Cd stress. To validate the possibility that Cd-induced change in OsGSTZ4 expression correlates with the siRNAs-involved CHH methylation through an RdDM (RNA-directed DNA methylation) pathway, genetic analyses were performed. We found that the CHH methylation at the promoter and transcript level of OsGSTZ4 were compromised in the osdrm2 (loss of function for CHH methylation) and osrdr2i (defective in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2) but did not change in other types of methyltransferases such as osmet1, ossdg714 or osros1. Promoter deletion analyses confirmed that the siRNA target sequences were essential for the proper expression of OsGSTZ4. Our studies reveal an unusual feedback mechanism by which the Cd-induced rapid OsGSTZ4 expression for Cd tolerance would interplay with the late CHH hypermethylation to silence the TE through the 24-nt siRNAs- and Osdrm2-mediated RdDM pathway, and help understand the diversity of gene regulation via an epigenetic mechanism for rice adaptation to the environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Song Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheng Jun Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhi Min Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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11
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Ni WJ, Mubeen S, Leng XM, He C, Yang Z. Molecular-Assisted Breeding of Cadmium Pollution-Safe Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37923701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in edible agricultural products, especially in crops intended for consumption, has raised worldwide concerns regarding food safety. Breeding of Cd pollution-safe cultivars (Cd-PSCs) is an effective solution to preventing the entry of Cd into the food chain from contaminated agricultural soil. Molecular-assisted breeding methods, based on molecular mechanisms for cultivar-dependent Cd accumulation and bioinformatic tools, have been developed to accelerate and facilitate the breeding of Cd-PSCs. This review summarizes the recent progress in the research of the low Cd accumulation traits of Cd-PSCs in different crops. Furthermore, the application of molecular-assisted breeding methods, including transgenic approaches, genome editing, marker-assisted selection, whole genome-wide association analysis, and transcriptome, has been highlighted to outline the breeding of Cd-PSCs by identifying critical genes and molecular biomarkers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development of Cd-PSCs and the potential future for breeding Cd-PSC using modern molecular technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Ni
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Samavia Mubeen
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Min Leng
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chuntao He
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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12
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Su XN, Liu XS, Li CY, Zhang YP. Cytochrome P450 CYP90D5 Enhances Degradation of the Herbicides Isoproturon and Acetochlor in Rice Plants and Grains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37905821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The rice cytochrome P450 gene has been comprehensively studied in the present study. This gene encodes CYP90D5 in promoting the degradation of isoproturon (IPU) and acetochlor (ACT) in rice tissues and grains. It has here been found that CYP90D5 improved the resistance of the plant to IPU and ACT, which was reflected in the improvement of the growth of the overexpression (OE) lines. CYP90D5 also reduced the levels of IPU and ACT accumulation in rice, and the CRISPR-Cas9 (Cas9) lines displayed the opposite effects. This function of CYP90D5 for pesticide degradation was also confirmed by the transformation of CYP90D5 in Pichia pastoris. Compared with the control yeast, it grew better and could degrade more pesticides. In addition, the relative contents of the IPU and ACT derivatives increased in the OE rice, while they decreased in the Cas9 rice. This suggested that CYP90D5 plays a pivotal role in the pesticide detoxification and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ning Su
- Research Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xue Song Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chuan Ying Li
- Research Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Ping Zhang
- Research Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
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13
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Xu Z, Wang T, Hou S, Ma J, Li D, Chen S, Gao X, Zhao Y, He Y, Yang G. A R2R3-MYB, BpMYB1, from paper mulberry interacts with DELLA protein BpGAI1 in soil cadmium phytoremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 463:132871. [PMID: 39492101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has become increasingly prominent, and bioremediation of heavy metal polluted areas is urgently needed. Broussonetia papyrifera is a pioneer tree species for vegetation restoration in the tailings area, while its molecular mechanism of heavy metal adaptation is not clear. Here, we report that a R2R3 MYB from B. papyrifera (BpMYB1) is involved in Cd accumulation by controlling the down-stream genes and mineral accumulation. Overexpression of BpMYB1 in B. papyrifera resulted in a significant increase in Cd accumulation and multiple gene transcription. Among the up-regulated genes, BpMYB1 could bind to ferrochelatase (BpFC2), basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor bHLH93 (BpbHLH93), and basic leucine zipper transcription factor bZIPs (BpbZIP1, BpbZIP-CPC1) by recognizing TATCCAOSAMY (TATCCA) motif and related promoter segments. Further investigations revealed that overexpression of BpbZIP1 promotes the absorption of Cd, BpMYB1 regulate Cd uptake in plant relating to Fe accumulation without Fe-deficiency pathway via recognizing the downstream BpbHLH93 and involving in PCs biosynthetic pathway via recognizing the target BpFC2. Moreover, the Cd response effect mediated by BpMYB1 was boosted by interacting with a DELLA protein BpGAI1, a vital member of GA signaling. These results provide new insights into the molecular feedback mechanisms underlying BpMYB1-BpGAI1 controlled Cd uptake in plants, which will benefit for phytoremediation of Cd polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggang Xu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410125 Hunan, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyu Hou
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiyan Ma
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Dapei Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangqian Gao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunlin Zhao
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410125 Hunan, China
| | - Yi He
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Guiyan Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Yu Y, Zhang L, Wu Y, He L. Genome-wide identification of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 in Triticeae species reveals that TaEIN2-4D.1 regulates cadmium tolerance in Triticum aestivum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108009. [PMID: 37696193 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2), as the core component of the ethylene signaling pathway, can widely regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the comprehensive study and function of EIN2 in wheat Cadmium (Cd) stress remain largely unexplored. Here, we identified 33 EIN2 genes and designated as TaEIN2-2B to TaEIN2-Un.3 in Triticum aestivum. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements in promoter regions and RNA-Seq showed that TaEIN2s were functionally related to plant growth and development, as well as the response to biotic and abiotic stress. qRT-PCR analysis of TaEIN2s indicated their sensitivity to Cd stress. Compared with WT plants, TaEIN2-4D.1-RNAi transgenic wheat lines showed enhanced shoot and root elongation, dry weight and chlorophyll accumulation, together with a reduced accumulation of Cd in wheat grain. In addition, TaEIN2-4D.1-RNAi transgenic wheat lines showed enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging capacity compared with WT plants. In conclusion, our research indicates that TaEIN2 plays a key role in response to cadmium stress in wheat, which provides valuable information for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongang Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yanxia Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lingyun He
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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15
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Kurt-Kızıldoğan A, Otur Ç, Yıldırım K, Kavas M, Abanoz-Seçgin B. In-depth comparative transcriptome analysis of Purpureocillium sp. CB1 under cadmium stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12655-5. [PMID: 37436480 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Fungal bioremediation is a very attractive tool to cope with environmental pollution. We aimed to decipher the cadmium (Cd) response of Purpureocillium sp. CB1, isolated from polluted soil, at transcriptome level by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We used 500 and 2500 mg/L of Cd2+ concentrations at two time points (t6;36). RNA-seq determined 620 genes that were co-expressed in all samples. The highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was obtained within the first six h of exposure to 2500 mg/L of Cd2+. Several genes encoding transcriptional regulators, transporters, heat shock proteins, and oxidative stress-related genes were differentially expressed under Cd2+ stress. Remarkably, the genes that encode salicylate hydroxylase, which is involved in naphthalene biodegradation pathway, were significantly overexpressed. Utilization of diesel as the sole carbon source by CB1 even in the presence of Cd2+ supported concomitant upregulation of hydrocarbon degradation pathway genes. Furthermore, leucinostatin-related gene expression levels increased under Cd2+ stress. In addition, leucinostatin extracts from Cd2+-treated CB1 cultures showed higher antifungal activity than the control. Notably, Cd2+ in CB1 was mainly found as bound to the cell wall, thus confirming its adsorption potential. Cd2+ stress slightly reduced growth and led to mycelial malformation due to Cd2+ adsorption, especially at a concentration of 2500 mg/L at t36. A strong correlation was recorded between RNA-seq and reverse-transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data. In conclusion, the study represents the first transcriptome analysis of Purpureocillium sp. under Cd2+ stress, providing insights into the primary targets for rational engineering to construct strains with remarkable bioremediation potency. KEY POINTS: • Upregulation of genes encoding salicylate hydroxylases under Cd2+ stress • Maximum Cd2+ adsorption at 500 mg/L at t36 as tightly bound to the cell wall • Concordant bioremediation potential of CB1 on Cd2+ and diesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Kurt-Kızıldoğan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Çiğdem Otur
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Musa Kavas
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Büşra Abanoz-Seçgin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
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16
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Tyagi S, Sharma Y, Sharma A, Pandey A, Singh K, Upadhyay SK. Expression of TaNCL2-A ameliorates cadmium toxicity by increasing calcium and enzymatic antioxidants activities in arabidopsis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138636. [PMID: 37040835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in the environment and is toxic to both animals and plants. The impact of Cd toxicity is shown to be reduced by the exogenous application of calcium (Ca) in crop plants. The sodium/calcium exchanger-like (NCL) protein is involved in Ca enrichment in the cytoplasm by transporting it from the vacuole in the exchange of cytosolic sodium (Na). However, it has not been utilized to ameliorate the Cd toxicity, to date. An elevated expression of TaNCL2-A gene in the root and shoot tissues of bread wheat seedlings, and a higher growth rate of recombinant yeast cells, suggested its role in Cd stress response. The TaNCL2-A expressing transgenic Arabidopsis lines exhibited significant Cd tolerance with increased Ca (∼10-fold) accumulation. The proline content and antioxidant enzymes activities were increased while oxidative stress-related molecules such as H2O2 and MDA were reduced in the transgenic lines. In addition, the growth and yield parameters of transgenic lines such as seed germination rate, root length, leaf biomass, leaf area index, rosette diameter, leaf length and width, and silique count, along with various physiological indicators like chlorophyll, carotenoid, and relative water contents were also improved in comparison to the control plants. Further, the transgenic lines exhibited significant salinity and osmotic stress tolerance, as well. Taken together, these results suggested that the TaNCL2-A could mitigate Cd toxicity along with salinity and osmotic stress. This gene may also be utilized for phytoremediation and Cd sequestration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivi Tyagi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Yashraaj Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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17
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He G, Saleem M, Deng T, Zhong Z, He T, Wu J. Unraveling the Mechanism of StWRKY6 in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum)'s Cadmium Tolerance for Ensuring Food Safety. Foods 2023; 12:2303. [PMID: 37372512 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factor plays a crucial role in plant stress adaptation. Our research has found that WRKY6 in Solanum tuberosum (potatoes) is closely related to cadmium (Cd) tolerance. Therefore, investigating the mechanism of StWRKY6 in plant resistance to Cd toxicity is of great scientific importance for food safety. This research further analyzed the gene structure and functional regions of the nuclear transcription factor WRKY6 in potatoes, discovering that StWRKY6 contains W box, GB/box, ABRE, and other elements that can act as a nuclear transcription regulatory factor to execute multiple functional regulations. The results of the heterologous expression of StWRKY6 in Arabidopsis under Cd stress showed that the overexpression line (StWRKY6-OE) had significantly higher SAPD values and content of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes than the wild type, indicating that StWRKY6 plays a crucial role in protecting the photosynthetic system and promoting carbohydrate synthesis. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that the Cd-induced expression of StWRKY6 up-regulated many potential gene targets, including APR2, DFRA, ABCG1, VSP2, ERF013, SAUR64/67, and BBX20, which are involved in Cd chelation (APR2, DFRA), plant defense (VSP2, PDF1.4), toxic substance efflux (ABCG1), light morphology development (BBX20), and auxin signal (SAUR64/67). These genes coordinate the regulation of Cd tolerance in the StWRKY6 overexpression line. In summary, this study identified a potential gene set of the co-expression module of StWRKY6, providing useful evidence for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil and the genetic breeding of low Cd-accumulating crops, thereby ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guandi He
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Office 314, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Tingfei Deng
- National Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhuoyan Zhong
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tengbing He
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiahai Wu
- Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang 550005, China
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18
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Sun SK, Chen J, Zhao FJ. Regulatory mechanisms of sulfur metabolism affecting tolerance and accumulation of toxic trace metals and metalloids in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3286-3299. [PMID: 36861339 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with trace metals and metalloids can cause toxicity to plants and threaten food safety and human health. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to cope with excess trace metals and metalloids in soils, including chelation and vacuolar sequestration. Sulfur-containing compounds, such as glutathione and phytochelatins, play a crucial role in their detoxification, and sulfur uptake and assimilation are regulated in response to the stress of toxic trace metals and metalloids. This review focuses on the multi-level connections between sulfur homeostasis in plants and responses to such stresses, especially those imposed by arsenic and cadmium. We consider recent progress in understanding the regulation of biosynthesis of glutathione and phytochelatins and of the sensing mechanism of sulfur homeostasis for tolerance of trace metals and metalloids in plants. We also discuss the roles of glutathione and phytochelatins in controlling the accumulation and distribution of arsenic and cadmium in plants, and possible strategies for manipulating sulfur metabolism to limit their accumulation in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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19
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Su X, Yue X, Kong M, Xie Z, Yan J, Ma W, Wang Y, Zhao J, Zhang X, Liu M. Leaf Color Classification and Expression Analysis of Photosynthesis-Related Genes in Inbred Lines of Chinese Cabbage Displaying Minor Variations in Dark-Green Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112124. [PMID: 37299103 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of the Chinese cabbage which is most widely consumed come in a wide variety of colors. Leaves that are dark green can promote photosynthesis, effectively improving crop yield, and therefore hold important application and cultivation value. In this study, we selected nine inbred lines of Chinese cabbage displaying slight differences in leaf color, and graded the leaf color using the reflectance spectra. We clarified the differences in gene sequences and the protein structure of ferrochelatase 2 (BrFC2) among the nine inbred lines, and used qRT-PCR to analyze the expression differences of photosynthesis-related genes in inbred lines with minor variations in dark-green leaves. We found expression differences among the inbred lines of Chinese cabbage in photosynthesis-related genes involved in the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, as well as in photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna protein pathway. Chlorophyll b content was significantly positively correlated with the expression of PsbQ, LHCA1_1 and LHCB6_1, while chlorophyll a content was significantly negatively correlated with the expression PsbQ, LHCA1_1 and LHCA1_2. Our results provide an empirical basis for the precise identification of candidate genes and a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the production of dark-green leaves in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Su
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaonan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mingyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ziwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jinghui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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20
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Moravčíková D, Žiarovská J. The Effect of Cadmium on Plants in Terms of the Response of Gene Expression Level and Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091848. [PMID: 37176906 PMCID: PMC10181241 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that can cause damage to living organisms at different levels. Even at low concentrations, Cd can be toxic to plants, causing harm at multiple levels. As they are unable to move away from areas contaminated by Cd, plants have developed various defence mechanisms to protect themselves. Hyperaccumulators, which can accumulate and detoxify heavy metals more efficiently, are highly valued by scientists studying plant accumulation and detoxification mechanisms, as they provide a promising source of genes for developing plants suitable for phytoremediation techniques. So far, several genes have been identified as being upregulated when plants are exposed to Cd. These genes include genes encoding transcription factors such as iron-regulated transporter-like protein (ZIP), natural resistance associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) gene family, genes encoding phytochelatin synthases (PCs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes, heavy metal ATPase (HMA), cation diffusion facilitator gene family (CDF), Cd resistance gene family (PCR), ATP-binding cassette transporter gene family (ABC), the precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) multigene family are also influenced. Thanks to advances in omics sciences and transcriptome analysis, we are gaining more insights into the genes involved in Cd stress response. Recent studies have also shown that Cd can affect the expression of genes related to antioxidant enzymes, hormonal pathways, and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Moravčíková
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jana Žiarovská
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
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Chen ZJ, Qiao Y, Zhang N, Yang H, Liu J. Acetyltransferase OsACE2 acts as a regulator to reduce the environmental risk of oxyfluorfen to rice production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161599. [PMID: 36640869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The constant use of the pesticide oxyfluorfen (OFF) in farmland contaminates the soil, posing threats to crop growth and human health. To avoid the contamination of food crops with OFF, it is critically important to understand its absorption and degradation mechanisms. In this study, we characterized a new functional locus encoding an acetyltransferase (OsACE2) that can facilitate OFF degradation in rice. OsACE2 was drastically induced by OFF at 0.04-0.2 mg L-1 for 6 days and the rice growth was significantly inhibited. To demonstrate the regulatory role of OsACE2 in resistance to OFF toxicity, we generated OsACE2 overexpression (OE) and knockout mutant using genetic transformation and gene-editing technologies (CRISPR/Cas9). The OE plants grown in the hydroponic medium showed improved growth (plant elongation and biomass), increased chlorophyll content, and reduced OFF-induced oxidative stress. The OsACE2-improved growth phenotypes of rice were attributed to the significantly lower OFF accumulation in OE plants. Conversely, knocking out OsACE2 resulted in compromised growth phenotypes compared to the wild-type (WT). Using LC-LTQ-HRMS/MS, five mono-metabolites and eleven conjugates of OFF were characterized through various canonical pathways, such as hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, glycosylation, acetylation, malonylation, and interaction with amino acids. These metabolites increased in the OE plants, and five acetylated conjugates were reported for the first time. Collectively, OsACE2 plays a primary role in catabolizing OFF residues in rice through multiple degradation pathways and reducing OFF in its growth environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yuxin Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jintong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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22
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Kumar A, Kumari N, Singh A, Kumar D, Yadav DK, Varshney A, Sharma N. The Effect of Cadmium Tolerant Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Plant Growth Promotion and Phytoremediation: A Review. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:153. [PMID: 36988722 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal of considerable toxicity with destructive impacts on plants, microbes and environments. Its toxicity is due to mishandling and manual hazards in plants and is primarily observed within the soil to cause decline of plants and microbial activity inside the rhizosphere. Cadmium accumulation in crops and the probability of Cd entering the food chain are grave for public health in the worldwide. Cadmium toxicity leads to depletion in seed germination, initial seedling growth, plant biomass, chlorosis, necrosis, hindrance of photosynthetic machinery and other physiological and biological activities in plants. Cadmium triggers the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that influences gene mutation and DNA damage that affects the cell cycle and cell division. Cd toxicity altered the levels of phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, glycine betaine, proline and organic acids in crops. Under stress conditions, the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have various properties such as enzymatic activities, plant growth hormones production, phosphate solubilization, siderophores production and chelating agents that help the plants tolerate against Cd stress and also increase phenolic compound levels and osmolytes. Hence, this review highlights the crucial role of cadmium tolerant PGPR for crop production, declining metal phytoavailability and enhancing morphological and physiological boundaries of plants under stress conditions. It could be an environment friendly and cost effective technology under sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding (Plant Biotechnology), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, 231001, India.
- School of Life Science and Technology, IIMT University, Ganga Nagar, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India.
| | - Neha Kumari
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding (Plant Biotechnology), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, 231001, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding (Plant Biotechnology), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, 231001, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding (Plant Biotechnology), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, 231001, India
| | - Dhirendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding (Plant Biotechnology), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, 231001, India
| | - Ashi Varshney
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding (Plant Biotechnology), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, 231001, India
| | - Navneet Sharma
- School of Life Science and Technology, IIMT University, Ganga Nagar, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India
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23
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Kumar K, Shinde A, Aeron V, Verma A, Arif NS. Genetic engineering of plants for phytoremediation: advances and challenges. JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 32:12-30. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s13562-022-00776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Identification of a DEAD-box RNA Helicase BnRH6 Reveals Its Involvement in Salt Stress Response in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010002. [PMID: 36613447 PMCID: PMC9819673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important vegetable oil crops worldwide. Abiotic stresses such as salinity are great challenges for its growth and productivity. DEAD-box RNA helicase 6 (RH6) is a subfamily member of superfamily 2 (SF2), which plays crucial roles in plant growth and development. However, no report is available on RH6 in regulating plant abiotic stress response. This study investigated the function and regulatory mechanism for BnRH6. BnRH6 was targeted to the nucleus and cytoplasmic processing body (P-body), constitutively expressed throughout the lifespan, and induced by salt stress. Transgenic overexpressing BnRH6 in Brassica and Arabidopsis displayed salt hypersensitivity, manifested by lagging seed germination (decreased to 55−85% of wild-type), growth stunt, leaf chlorosis, oxidative stress, and over-accumulation of Na ions with the K+/Na+ ratio being decreased by 18.3−28.6%. Given the undesirable quality of knockout Brassica plants, we utilized an Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant rh6-1 to investigate downstream genes by transcriptomics. We constructed four libraries with three biological replicates to investigate global downstream genes by RNA sequencing. Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (2-fold, p < 0.05) showed that 41 genes were upregulated and 66 genes were downregulated in rh6-1 relative to wild-type under salt stress. Most of them are well-identified and involved in transcription factors, ABA-responsive genes, and detoxified components or antioxidants. Our research suggests that BnRH6 can regulate a group of salt-tolerance genes to negatively promote Brassica adaptation to salt stress.
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Liu M, Ma W, Su X, Zhang X, Lu Y, Zhang S, Yan J, Feng D, Ma L, Taylor A, Ge Y, Cheng Q, Xu K, Wang Y, Li N, Gu A, Zhang J, Luo S, Xuan S, Chen X, Scrutton NS, Li C, Zhao J, Shen S. Mutation in a chlorophyll-binding motif of Brassica ferrochelatase enhances both heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111758. [PMID: 36476857 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme branch of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis contributes to the regulation of chlorophyll levels. However, the mechanism underlying the balance between chlorophyll and heme synthesis remains elusive. Here, we identify a dark green leaf mutant, dg, from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutant library of Chinese cabbage. The dg phenotype is caused by an amino acid substitution in the conserved chlorophyll a/b-binding motif (CAB) of ferrochelatase 2 (BrFC2). This mutation increases the formation of BrFC2 homodimer to promote heme production. Moreover, wild-type BrFC2 and dBrFC2 interact with protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) oxidoreductase B1 and B2 (BrPORB1 and BrPORB2), and dBrFC2 exhibits higher binding ability to substrate Pchlide, thereby promoting BrPORBs-catalyzed production of chlorophyllide (Chlide), which can be directly converted into chlorophyll. Our results show that dBrFC2 is a gain-of-function mutation contributing to balancing heme and chlorophyll synthesis via a regulatory mechanism in which dBrFC2 promotes BrPORB enzymatic reaction to enhance chlorophyll synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiangjie Su
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jinghui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Daling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Lisong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Aoife Taylor
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yunjia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Kedong Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Aixia Gu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Shuangxia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shuxin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chengwei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Shuxing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
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Zhu Y, Lv X, Li T, Zhong M, Song J, Wang H, Cui J. Cotton straw biochar and compound Bacillus biofertilizer reduce Cd stress on cotton root growth by regulating root exudates and antioxidant enzymes system. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1051935. [PMID: 36457531 PMCID: PMC9705756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1051935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cotton straw biochar (biochar) and compound Bacillus biofertilizer (biofertilizer) have attracted wide attentions in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils in recent years. However, few studies have explored the metabolomics of lateral roots of Cd-stressed cotton to determine the mechanism of biochar and biofertilizer alleviating Cd stress. METHODS In this pot experiment, biochar and biofertilizer were applied to the soils with different Cd contamination levels (1, 2, and 4 mg kg-1). Then, the responses of cotton root morphology, vitality, Cd content, and antioxidant enzyme activities were analyzed, and the mechanism of biochar and biofertilizer alleviating Cd stress was determined by metabolomic analysis. RESULTS The results showed that exogenous Cd addition decreased the SOD and POD activities in cotton taproot and lateral root. Besides, with the increase of soil Cd content, the maximum Cd content in taproot (0.0250 mg kg-1) and lateral root (0.0288 mg kg-1) increased by 89.11% and 33.95%, respectively compared with those in the control (p< 0.05). After the application of biochar and biofertilizer, the SOD and POD activities in cotton taproot and lateral root increased. The Cd content of cotton taproot in biochar and biofertilizer treatments decreased by 16.36% and 19.73%, respectively, and that of lateral root decreased by 13.99% and 16.68%, respectively. The metabolomic analysis results showed that the application of biochar and biofertilizer could improve the resistance of cotton root to Cd stress through regulating the pathways of ABC transporters and phenylalanine metabolism. DISCUSSION Therefore, the application of biochar and biofertilizer could improve cotton resistance to Cd stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, regulating root metabolites (phenols and amino acids), and reducing Cd content, thus promoting cotton root growth.
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Cao HW, Zhao YN, Liu XS, Rono JK, Yang ZM. A metal chaperone OsHIPP16 detoxifies cadmium by repressing its accumulation in rice crops. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:120058. [PMID: 36041567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmentally polluted toxic heavy metal and seriously risks food safety and human health through food chain. Mining genetic potentials of plants is a crucial step for limiting Cd accumulation in rice crops and improving environmental quality. This study characterized a novel locus in rice genome encoding a Cd-binding protein named OsHIPP16, which resides in the nucleus and near plasma membrane. OsHIPP16 was strongly induced by Cd stress. Histochemical analysis with pHIPP16::GUS reveals that OsHIPP16 is primarily expressed in root and leaf vascular tissues. Expression of OsHIPP16 in the yeast mutant strain ycf1 sensitive to Cd conferred cellular tolerance. Transgenic rice overexpressing OsHIPP16 (OE) improved rice growth with increased plant height, biomass, and chlorophyll content but with a lower degree of oxidative injury and Cd accumulation, whereas knocking out OsHIPP16 by CRISPR-Cas9 compromised the growth and physiological response. A lifelong trial with Cd-polluted soil shows that the OE plants accumulated much less Cd, particularly in brown rice where the Cd concentrations declined by 11.76-34.64%. Conversely, the knockout oshipp16 mutants had higher levels of Cd with the concentration in leaves being increased by 26.36-35.23% over the wild-type. These results suggest that adequate expression of OsHIPP16 would profoundly contribute to Cd detoxification by regulating Cd accumulation in rice, suggesting that both OE and oshipp16 mutant plants have great potentials for restricting Cd acquisition in the rice crop and phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated wetland soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ya Ning Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xue Song Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Justice Kipkorir Rono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi Min Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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28
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Qiao Y, Ma LY, Chen ZJ, Wang Y, Gu Y, Yang H. OsBR6ox, a member in the brassinosteroid synthetic pathway facilitates degradation of pesticides in rice through a specific DNA demethylation mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156503. [PMID: 35688248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript described a comprehensive study on a pesticide degradation factor OsBR6ox that promoted the degradation of pesticides atrazine (ATZ) and acetochlor (ACT) in rice tissues and grains through an epigenetic mechanism. OsBR6ox was transcriptionally induced under ATZ and ACT stress. Genetic disruption of OsBR6ox increased rice sensitivity and led to more accumulation of ATZ and ACT, whereas transgenic rice overexpressing OsBR6ox lines (OEs) showed opposite effects with improved growth and lower ATZ and ACT accumulation in various tissues, including grains. OsBR6ox-mediated detoxification of ATZ and ACT was associated with the increased abundance of brassinolide (one of the brassinosteroids, BRs), a plant growth regulator for stress responses. Some Phase I-II reaction protein genes for pesticide detoxification such as genes encoding laccase, O-methyltransferase and glycosyltransferases were transcriptionally upregulated in OE lines under ATZ and ACT stress. HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis revealed an enhanced ATZ/ATC metabolism in OE plants, which removed 1.21-1.49 fold ATZ and 1.31-1.44 fold ACT from the growth medium but accumulated only 83.1-87.1 % (shoot) and 71.7-84.1 % (root) of ATZ and 69.4-83.4 % of ACT of the wild-type. Importantly, an ATZ-responsive demethylated region in the upstream of OsBR6ox was detected. Such an epigenetic modification marker was responsible for the increased OsBR6ox expression and consequent detoxification of ATZ/ACT in rice and environment. Overall, this work uncovered a new model showing that plants utilize two mechanisms to co-regulate the detoxification and metabolism of pesticides in rice and provided a new approach for building up cleaner crops and eliminating residual pesticides in environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li Ya Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhao Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Rosentalstrasse 67, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta Ltd, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Zhao YN, Li C, Li H, Liu XS, Yang ZM. OsZIP11 is a trans-Golgi-residing transporter required for rice iron accumulation and development. Gene X 2022; 836:146678. [PMID: 35714805 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is a mineral nutrient necessary for plant growth and development. Whether the rice ZRT/IRT-like protein family metal transporter OsZIP11 is involved in Fe transport has not been functionally defined. The objective of the study is to figure out the essential role of the uncharacterized OsZIP11 played in rice growth, development, and iron accumulation, particularly in seeds. Transient subcellular location assays show that OsZIP11 was targeted to the trans-Golgi network. OsZIP11 was preferentially expressed in the rice tissues (or organs) at later flowering and seed development stages. Transcripts of OsZIP11 were significantly induced under Fe but not under zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) or manganese (Mn) deficiency. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) transformed with OsZIP11 sequences displayed an active iron input which turned out that excessive iron accumulated in the cells. Knocking out OsZIP11 by CRISPR-Cas9 approach led to the attenuated rice growth and physiological phenotypes, depicting shorter plant height, reduced biomass, chlorosis (a symptom of lower chlorophyll concentration), and over-accumulation of malondialdehyde (complex representing the peroxidation of membrane lipids) in rice plantlets. The field trials demonstrated that OsZIP11 mutation impaired the capacity of seed development, with shortened panicle and seed length, compromised spikelet fertility, and reduced grain per plant or 1000-grain weight. Knocking out OsZIP11 also lowered the accumulation of iron in the brown rice by 48-51% compared to the wild-type. Our work pointed out that OsZIP11 is required for iron acquisition for rice growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ning Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue Song Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhi Min Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Chen L, Lu Y, An Y. Ectopic expression γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase of Vicia sativa increased cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis. Gene 2022; 823:146358. [PMID: 35202731 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a multifunctional essential biothiol, and its metabolism is important for plant against toxic metals and metalloids. γ-Glutamylcysteine (γ-EC), which is catalyzed by γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS), is a rate-limiting intermediate in GSH synthesis. Here, a γ-ECS gene (Vsγ-ECS) from Vicia sativa was cloned, and its function in modulating Cd tolerance was studied. Vsγ-ECS is a chloroplast localization protein, and the expression of Vsγ-ECS was upregulated by Cd stress in root of V. sativa. Heterologous expression of Vsγ-ECS (35S::Vsγ-ECS) in Arabidopsis enhanced the Cd tolerance of plants through improved primary root length, fresh weight, chlorophyll content and low degree of oxidation associated with reduced H2O2 and lipid peroxidation. However, the Cd accumulation of Arabidopsis had no effect on Vsγ-ECS overexpression. Further analysis showed that the increased Cd tolerance in 35S::Vsγ-ECS was mainly due to the capacity of increasing GSH synthesis that improved Cd chelation by GSH and phytochelatins (PCs) and alleviated the oxidative stress caused by Cd stress. In summary, a γ-ECS was characterized from V. sativa, and it demonstrated a property for increasing GSH and PC synthesis to protect plants from Cd poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioremediation of Soil Contamination, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinglin Lu
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxing An
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, Guangdong, China.
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Paul AL, Elardo SM, Ferl R. Plants grown in Apollo lunar regolith present stress-associated transcriptomes that inform prospects for lunar exploration. Commun Biol 2022; 5:382. [PMID: 35552509 PMCID: PMC9098553 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which plants can enhance human life support on other worlds depends on the ability of plants to thrive in extraterrestrial environments using in-situ resources. Using samples from Apollo 11, 12, and 17, we show that the terrestrial plant Arabidopsis thaliana germinates and grows in diverse lunar regoliths. However, our results show that growth is challenging; the lunar regolith plants were slow to develop and many showed severe stress morphologies. Moreover, all plants grown in lunar soils differentially expressed genes indicating ionic stresses, similar to plant reactions to salt, metal and reactive oxygen species. Therefore, although in situ lunar regoliths can be useful for plant production in lunar habitats, they are not benign substrates. The interaction between plants and lunar regolith will need to be further elucidated, and likely mitigated, to best enable efficient use of lunar regolith for life support within lunar stations. Arabidopsis plants were seeded onto lunar soil samples taken directly from the Apollo 11, 12, and 17 missions. Transcriptomic analyses reveal that plants grown in lunar soil differentially express genes associated with salt, metal, and ROS stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Paul
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research and Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Stephen M Elardo
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert Ferl
- UF Research and Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Feng S, Shen Y, Xu H, Dong J, Chen K, Xiang Y, Jiang X, Yao C, Lu T, Huan W, Wang H. RNA-Seq Identification of Cd Responsive Transporters Provides Insights into the Association of Oxidation Resistance and Cd Accumulation in Cucumis sativus L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121973. [PMID: 34943077 PMCID: PMC8750378 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) has grown rapidly and has become a major force for cucumber production in China. In highly intensive GVP systems, excessive fertilization results in soil acidification, increasing Cd accumulation and oxidative stress damage in vegetables as well as increasing health risk of vegetable consumers. Therefore, enhancing antioxidant capacity and activating the expression level of Cd transporter genes seem to be feasible solutions to promote plant resistance to Cd stress and to reduce accumulated Cd concentration. Here, we used transcriptomics to identify five cucumber transporter genes (CsNRAMP1, CsNRAMP4, CsHMA1, CsZIP1, and CsZIP8) in response to cadmium stress, which were involved in Cd transport activity in yeast. Ionomics, gene expression, and REDOX reaction level association analyses have shown that the transcript of CsNRAMP4 was positively correlated with Cd accumulation and antioxidant capacity of cucumber roots. The expression level of CsHMA1 was negatively correlated with Cd-induced antioxidant capacity. The overexpression of CsHMA1 significantly relieved Cd stress-induced antioxidant activities. In addition, shoots with high CsHMA2 expression remarkably presented Cd bioaccumulation. Grafting experiments confirmed that CsHMA1 contributed to the high antioxidant capacity of cucumber, while CsHMA2 was responsible for the transport of Cd from the roots to the shoots. Our study elucidated a novel regulatory mechanism for Cd transport and oxidative damage removal in horticultural melons and provided a perspective to regulate Cd transport artificially by modulating Cd accumulation and resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yanghui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Huinan Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Junyang Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Kexin Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yu Xiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xianda Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chenjie Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Tao Lu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Weiwei Huan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Huasen Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-63740028
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Feng SJ, Liu XS, Cao HW, Yang ZM. Identification of a rice metallochaperone for cadmium tolerance by an epigenetic mechanism and potential use for clean up in wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117837. [PMID: 34329044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that initiates diverse chronic diseases through food chains. Developing a biotechnology for manipulating Cd uptake in plants is beneficial to reduce environmental and health risks. Here, we identified a novel epigenetic mechanism underlying Cd accumulation regulated by an uncharacterized metallochaperone namely Heavy Metal Responsive Protein (HMP) in rice plants. OsHMP resides in cytoplasm and nucleus, dominantly induced by Cd stress and binds directly to Cd ions. OsHMP overexpression enhanced the rice growth under Cd stress but accumulated more Cd, whereas knockout or knockdown of OsHMP showed a contrasting effect. The enhanced Cd accumulation in the transgenic lines was confirmed by a long-term experiment with rice growing at the environmentally realistic Cd concentration in soil. The bisulfite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation assessments revealed that Cd stress reduced significantly the DNA methylation at CpG (Cytosine-Guanine) and histone H3K9me2 marks in the upstream of OsHMP. By identifying a couple of mutants defective in DNA methylation and histone modification (H3K9me2) such as Osmet1 (methylatransfease1) and Ossdg714 (kryptonite), we found that the Cd-induced epigenetic hypomethylation at the region was associated with OsHMP overexpression, which consequently led to Cd detoxification in rice. The causal relationship was confirmed by the GUS reporter gene coupled with OsHMP and OsMET1 whereby OsMET1 repressed directly the OsHMP expression. Our work signifies that expression of OsHMP is required for Cd detoxification in rice plants, and the Cd-induced hypomethylation in the specific region is responsible for the enhanced OsHMP expression. In summary, this study gained an insight into the epigenetic mechanism for additional OsHMP expression which consequently ensures rice adaptation to the Cd-contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Jun Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xue Song Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong Wei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi Min Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Li X, Mao X, Xu Y, Li Y, Zhao N, Yao J, Dong Y, Tigabu M, Zhao X, Li S. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals the coordinated mechanisms of Populus × canadensis 'Neva' leaves in response to cadmium stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112179. [PMID: 33798869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal element has strong toxicity to living organisms. Excessive Cd accumulation directly affects the absorption of mineral elements, inhibits plant tissue development, and even induces mortality. Populus × canadensis 'Neva', the main afforestation variety planted widely in northern China, was a candidate variety for phytoremediation. However, the genes relieving Cd toxicity and increasing Cd tolerance of this species were still unclear. In this study, we employed transcriptome sequencing on two Cd-treated cuttings to identify the key genes involved in Cd stress responses of P. × canadensis 'Neva' induced by 0 (CK), 10 (C10), and 20 (C20) mg/L Cd(NO3)2 4H2O. We discovered a total of 2,656 (1,488 up-regulated and 1,168 down-regulated) and 2,816 DEGs (1,470 up-regulated and 1,346 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the CK vs C10 and CK vs C20, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses in response to the Cd stress indicated that many DEGs identified were involved in the catalytic activity, the oxidoreductase activity, the transferase activity, and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Based on the enrichment results, potential candidate genes were identified related to the calcium ion signal transduction, transcription factors, the antioxidant defense system, and transporters and showed divergent expression patterns under the Cd stress. We also validated the reliability of transcriptome data with the real-time PCR. Our findings deeper the understanding of the molecular responsive mechanisms of P. × canadensis 'Neva' on Cd tolerance and further provide critical resources for phytoremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiuhong Mao
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yujin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Junxiu Yao
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yufeng Dong
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Mulualem Tigabu
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shanwen Li
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
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Chen ZJ, Lv Y, Zhai XY, Yang H. Comprehensive analyses of degradative enzymes associated with mesotrione-degraded process in rice for declining environmental risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143618. [PMID: 33248774 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesotrione (MTR) is a highly effective pesticide widely used for weeding in farmland. Overload of MTR in agricultural soils may result in environmental problems. To evaluate the potential contamination of MTR in environments, a better understanding of the MTR degradation process and mechanisms in crops is required. This study investigated the impact of MTR on growth and toxicological responses in rice (Oryza sativa). The growth of rice tissues was significantly compromised with increasing MTR concentrations. RNA-sequencing combined with HRLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis identified many transcriptional components responsible for MTR degradation. Four libraries composed of root and shoot tissues exposed to MTR were RNA-sequenced in biological triplicate. Compared to -MTR, treatment with environmentally realistic MTR concentration upregulated 1995 genes in roots and 326 genes in shoots. Gene enrichment revealed many MTR-degradative enzymes functioning in resistance to environmental stress and molecular metabolism of xenobiotics. Specifically, many differentially expressed genes are critical enzymes like cytochrome P450, glycosyltransferases, methyltransferase, glutathione S-transferases and acetyltransferase involved in the process. To evidence MTR degradative metabolisms, HRLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to characterize eight metabolites and five conjugates in the pathways involving hydrolysis, reduction, glycosylation, methylation or acetylation. The precise association between the specific MTR-degraded products and enhanced activities of its corresponding enzymes was established. This study advanced our understanding of the detailed MTR degradative mechanisms and pathways, which may help engineer genotypes to facilitate MTR degradation in the paddy crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao Yan Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Enzymatic response to cadmium by Impatiens glandulifera: A preliminary investigation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100936. [PMID: 33614997 PMCID: PMC7881213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to develop our understanding of the effect of cadmium (Cd) on Impatiens glandulifera, a recently identified potential Cd hyperaccumulator. Impatiens glandulifera plants were exposed to three concentrations of Cd (20, 60 and 90 mg/kg) and were sampled at two timepoints (one and seven days) to investigate the stress response of I. glandulifera to Cd. Cd can induce oxidative stress in plants, triggering overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The level of activity of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), two crucial antioxidant enzymes responsible for detoxifying ROS, were found to increase in a concentration dependent manner. Though there was no change observed in the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), involved in detoxifying and sequestering Cd, increased after exposure to Cd. Cd did not appear to impact the levels of proline and photosynthetic pigments, indicating the plants weren't stressed by the presence of Cd. These results suggest that the rapid response observed in enzyme activity aid the efficacious mitigation of the toxic effects of Cd, preventing significant physiological stress in I. glandulifera. Impatiens glandulifera display an enhance tolerance to Cadmium. An early response in a Catalase and Peroxidase ascorbate mediates Cadmium tolerance. No impact on stress indicators were shown by Impatiens glandulifera even after 7 days. SOD was found to be not involved in the early response to Cadmium.
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Rono JK, Le Wang L, Wu XC, Cao HW, Zhao YN, Khan IU, Yang ZM. Identification of a new function of metallothionein-like gene OsMT1e for cadmium detoxification and potential phytoremediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129136. [PMID: 33276998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a biologically non-essential and toxic heavy metal leaking to the environment via natural emission or anthropogenic activities, thereby contaminating crops and threatening human health. Metallothioneins (MTs) are a group of metal-binding proteins playing critical roles in metal allocation and homeostasis. In this study, we identified a novel function of OsMT1e from rice plants. OsMT1e was dominantly expressed in roots at all developmental stages and, to less extent, expressed in leaves at vegetative and seed filling stages. OsMT1e was mainly targeted to the nucleus and substantially induced by Cd exposure. Expression of OsMT1e in a yeast Cd-sensitive strain ycf1 conferred cellular tolerance to Cd, even though the ycf1 + OsMT1e cells accumulated more Cd than the control cells (ycf1 + pYES2). Both transgenic rice overexpressing (OX) and repressing OsMT1e by RNA interference (RNAi) were developed. Phenotypic analysis revealed that OsMT1e overexpression enhanced the rice growth concerning the increased shoot or root elongation, dry weight and chlorophyll contents, whereas the RNAi lines displayed a sensitive growth phenotype compared to wild-type. Assessment with 0.5, 2 and 10 μM Cd for two weeks revealed that the RNAi lines accumulated less Cd, while the OX lines had an increased Cd accumulation in root and shoot tissues. The contrasting Cd accumulation phenotypes between the OX and RNAi lines were further confirmed by a long-term study with 0.5 μM Cd for one month. Overall, the study unveiled a new function of OsMT1e in rice, which can be potentially used for engineering genotypes for phytoremediation or minimizing Cd in rice crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justice Kipkorir Rono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Le Le Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xue Chun Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong Wei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ya Ning Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Irfan Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi Min Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Modareszadeh M, Bahmani R, Kim D, Hwang S. CAX3 (cation/proton exchanger) mediates a Cd tolerance by decreasing ROS through Ca elevation in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:115-132. [PMID: 32926249 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Over-expression of CAX3 encoding a cation/proton exchanger enhances Cd tolerance by decreasing ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) through activating anti-oxidative enzymes via elevation of Ca level in Arabidopsis CAXs (cation/proton exchangers) are involved in the sequestration of cations such as Mn, Li, and Cd, as well as Ca, from cytosol into the vacuole using proton gradients. In addition, it has been reported that CAX1, 2 and 4 are involved in Cd tolerance. Interestingly, it has been reported that CAX3 expressions were enhanced by Cd in Cd-tolerant transgenic plants expressing Hb1 (hemoglobin 1) or UBC1 (Ub-conjugating enzyme 1). Therefore, to investigate whether CAX3 plays a role in increasing Cd tolerance, CAX3 of Arabidopsis and tobacco were over-expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared to control plants, both transgenic plants displayed an increase in Cd tolerance, no change in Cd accumulation, and enhanced Ca levels. In support of these, AtCAX3-Arabidopsis showed no change in expressions of Cd transporters, but reduced expressions of Ca exporters and lower rate of Ca efflux. By contrast, atcax3 knockout Arabidopsis exhibited a reduced Cd tolerance, while the Cd level was not altered. The expression of Δ90-AtCAX3 (deletion of autoinhibitory domain) increased Cd and Ca tolerance in yeast, while AtCAX3 expression did not. Interestingly, less accumulation of ROS (H2O2 and O2-) was observed in CAX3-expressing transgenic plants and was accompanied with higher antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GR). Taken together, CAX3 over-expression may enhance Cd tolerance by decreasing Cd-induced ROS production by activating antioxidant enzymes and by intervening the positive feedback circuit between ROS generation and Cd-induced spikes of cytoplasmic Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Modareszadeh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramin Bahmani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - DongGwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongbin Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Y, Tian YY, Wang LF, Li YH, Li TT, Liu WC. WDR5a functions in cadmium-inhibited root meristem growth by regulating nitric oxide accumulation in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2020; 252:78. [PMID: 33033954 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium stress induces WDR5a expression to promote NO accumulation to repress root meristem growth via suppressing auxin transport and synthesis in Arabidopsis. Nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)-like activity plays a vital role in toxic cadmium (Cd)-induced NO production and inhibition of root meristem growth, while factor(s) regulating NOS-like activity and root meristem growth in plant response to Cd has not been identified yet. Here, we report that WD40 repeat 5a (WDR5a) functions in Cd-induced NOS-like activity, NO accumulation and root meristem growth suppression. We found that wdr5a-1 mutant root has increased root meristem growth with lower NOS-like activity and NO accumulation than wild type upon Cd exposure, and exogenous NO donors sodium nitroprusside or nitrosoglutathione can restore its reduced Cd sensitivity. In addition, Cd activates WDR5a expression in roots, and overexpressing WDR5a results in increased NO accumulation and suppressed root meristem growth similar to Cd-stressed wild-type roots, while scavenging NO or inhibiting NOS-like activity significantly reverts these effects of Cd. Furthermore, WDR5a acts in Cd-repressed auxin accumulation through reducing the levels of auxin efflux carriers PIN1/3/7 and biosynthetic enzyme TAA1, and reduced sensitivity of wdr5a-1 root meristem to Cd can be partially reverted by inhibiting TAA1 activity pharmaceutically or mutating TAA1 genetically. This study identified WDR5a as a key factor modulating NO accumulation and root meristem growth in plant response to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yang-Yang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lin-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yun-Hui Li
- Nanyang Vocational College of Agriculture, Nanyang, 473000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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Siddiqui H, Ahmed KBM, Sami F, Hayat S. Phytoremediation of Cadmium Contaminated Soil Using Brassica juncea: Influence on PSII Activity, Leaf Gaseous Exchange, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Redox and Elemental Status. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:411-421. [PMID: 32725326 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an ecologically and economically feasible technique to remove heavy metal from soil. The aim of the study was to examine cadmium (Cd) toxicity and phytoremediation aptitude of Brassica juncea. In the present study, plants survived when exposed to different levels of Cd (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg soil) and accumulated a large amount of Cd in its root and shoot. Translocation factor (TF) of Cd from root to shoot was > 1 at both 45 and 60-day stage of growth suggesting that B. juncea is a hyperaccumulator and strong candidate for phytoextraction of Cd. Alongside, Cd impaired photolysis of water, PSII activity, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and sugar accumulation in the plant. Cd-generated oxidative stress restricts the growth of B. juncea. The toxic effect of Cd was more pronounced at 45-day stage of growth signifying the drifting of plant towards acquirement of exclusion strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husna Siddiqui
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Khan Bilal Mukhtar Ahmed
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Fareen Sami
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
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Mohajel Kazemi E, Kolahi M, Yazdi M, Goldson-Barnaby A. Anatomic features, tolerance index, secondary metabolites and protein content of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum) seedlings under cadmium induction and identification of PCS and FC genes. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1551-1568. [PMID: 32801486 PMCID: PMC7415060 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) belonging to the Fabaceae family is a major legume crop and is a good source of protein and carbohydrates. Industrialization has resulted in soil contamination with heavy metals such as cadmium. Adsorption of cadmium by plants can lead to reduced yields and heavy metal toxicity. In the current study, changes in the anatomical, morphological features and biochemical properties of the chickpea plant were evaluated. Two indexes DWSTI and PHSTI were determined. Anatomically, there was a change in the number of xylem poles within the root structure which was most significant at treatments of 125 μg cadmium. There was also a noticeable change in leaf pigmentation, the total phenolics and soluble protein in the plant. Cadmium levels were elevated attaining concentrations of 0.21, 0.40 and 0.52 mg per gram dry weight in plants exposed to 62, 125 and 250 μg/g Perlit cadmium after a period of 30 days. A noticeable increase in the level of cadmium in the plant was observed. Two PCS genes, glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase 1 and glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase and four FC genes, 4 proteins and 4 mRNA were detected in chickpeas. Bioinformatics tools were utilized to predict enzyme structure and binding sites. Chickpea may be classified as a cadmium hyperaccumulator and may be considered for use in phytoremediation. This study provides a better understanding with regards to the response of chickpeas to cadmium and the genetic mechanism by which the plant regulates heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mohajel Kazemi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kolahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Milad Yazdi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Zhang R, Niu K, Ma H. Identification and Expression Analysis of the SWEET Gene Family from Poa pratensis Under Abiotic Stresses. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1606-1620. [PMID: 32749870 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET) gene family is a glycoprotein gene family that can regulate the transport of sugar in plants and plays an important role in plant growth and development, as well as in response to environmental stress. In this study, Kentucky bluegrass (cv. Baron) seedlings were grown in various treatments, including heavy metal cadmium, salt, drought, cold, and heat stress for 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 7 day. The relative expression of the identified PpSWEET genes in Kentucky bluegrass was measured. The results showed there were a total of 13 SWEET genes, which could be divided into four clades by phylogenetic analysis. Most PpSWEET genes are alkali proteins with seven transmembrane helices. Moreover, almost all PpSWEET proteins possess similar conserved motifs and active sites. In addition, an analysis of the relative expression of PpSWEET genes under various stress treatments indicated that PpSWEET12 and PpSWEET15 had very high expression under the five types of stress, meaning they can be used as important candidate genes for studying responses to environmental stresses of turfgrass. Furthermore, certain genes only showed changes in expression under one or two specific stress treatments. This study provides important insight into the SWEET gene family in Kentucky bluegrass and its functional roles in responses to various environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kuiju Niu
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiling Ma
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou, China
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Phytoremediation of Cadmium: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070177. [PMID: 32708065 PMCID: PMC7407403 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals in the environment, and has noxious effects on plant growth and production. Cd-accumulating plants showed reduced growth and productivity. Therefore, remediation of this non-essential and toxic pollutant is a prerequisite. Plant-based phytoremediation methodology is considered as one a secure, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective approach for toxic metal remediation. Phytoremediating plants transport and accumulate Cd inside their roots, shoots, leaves, and vacuoles. Phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated sites through hyperaccumulator plants proves a ground-breaking and profitable choice to combat the contaminants. Moreover, the efficiency of Cd phytoremediation and Cd bioavailability can be improved by using plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Emerging modern molecular technologies have augmented our insight into the metabolic processes involved in Cd tolerance in regular cultivated crops and hyperaccumulator plants. Plants’ development via genetic engineering tools, like enhanced metal uptake, metal transport, Cd accumulation, and the overall Cd tolerance, unlocks new directions for phytoremediation. In this review, we outline the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms involved in Cd phytoremediation. Further, a focus on the potential of omics and genetic engineering strategies has been documented for the efficient remediation of a Cd-contaminated environment.
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Bahmani R, Modareszadeh M, Bihamta MR. Genotypic variation for cadmium tolerance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110178. [PMID: 31927193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the limitation of crop production in Cd-polluted areas, the identification and selection of plant genotypes tolerant to Cd stress are of great significance. In the present work, we show the existence of genotypic variation for Cd tolerance in common bean. The laboratory screening of 25 bean genotypes indicated a significant positive correlation of the mean productivity (MP) and the geometric mean productivity (GMP) with plant fresh weight both in control and Cd-treated plants. A principal component analysis further confirmed this variation and, together with other analyses, led to the selection of genotypes G-11867, Taylor, Emerson, and D-81083 as tolerant genotypes. A total of six bean genotypes with different degrees of Cd tolerance were selected, and their long-term physiological responses to Cd (0, 45, and 90 mg/kg soil) were evaluated. Increasing Cd concentrations led to higher Cd accumulation both in roots and shoots, and to significant rises in the levels of the oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA), dityrosine (D-T), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-2'-dG). Remarkable reductions in plant hormone levels and chlorophyll contents, as well as in dry and fresh weight, were observed in Cd-treated plants. Among the examined genotypes, Emerson, Taylor, and G-11867 were found to be more tolerant to Cd owing to lower Cd accumulation and lower oxidative stress levels, as well as higher chlorophyll and hormone contents. Our results contribute to the understanding of the physiological and biochemical basis of Cd tolerance in bean plants and may therefore, be useful for breeding programs directed towards obtaining bean varieties showing low Cd accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Bahmani
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Mahsa Modareszadeh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
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Zhang L, Ding H, Jiang H, Wang H, Chen K, Duan J, Feng S, Wu G. Regulation of cadmium tolerance and accumulation by miR156 in Arabidopsis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125168. [PMID: 31678850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved effective strategies to cope with heavy metals Cd toxicity, but the regulatory mechanism underlying Cd tolerance and accumulation are still poorly understood. miR156 has been shown to be the master regulator of development and stress response in plants. However, whether miR156 is also involved in plant Cd stress response remains unknown. Here, we show that plants overexpressing miR156 (miR156OE) accumulated significantly less Cd in the shoot, and conferred enhanced tolerance to Cd stress. Plants with a knocked-down level of miR156 (MIM156) were sensitive to Cd stress, and accumulated significantly higher Cd. Under Cd stress, miR156OE had significantly longer primary root length, higher biomass and chlorophyll content, increased activities of antioxidative enzymes and lower levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), while MIM156 had the opposite phenotype. To investigate the underlying mechanism of miR156-mediated Cd stress response in Arabidopsis, we profiled the expression of several Cd transporter genes. The expression of Cd uptake transporter of AtZIP1、AtZIP2 and vacuole segregated transporter AtABCC1 was significantly elevated in miR156OE, whereas it was significantly reduced in MIM156. MIM156 also led to an elevated level of AtHMA4 responsible for transporting Cd from the root to the shoot. Our results indicate that miR156 acts as a positive regulator of plant tolerance to Cd stress by modulating ROS levels and Cd uptake/transport genes expression. Therefore, our study adds a new layer of regulatory mechanism for Cd transport and tolerance in plants, and provides a perspective to regulate Cd transport artificially by modulating plant vegetative growth and development using miR156.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioremediation of Soil Contamination, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Han Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioremediation of Soil Contamination, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hailing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioremediation of Soil Contamination, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Huasen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioremediation of Soil Contamination, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Kexin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioremediation of Soil Contamination, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jinju Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioremediation of Soil Contamination, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shengjun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioremediation of Soil Contamination, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioremediation of Soil Contamination, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China.
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Song Liu X, Feng SJ, Wang MQ, Zhao YN, Cao HW, Rono JK, Yang ZM. OsNHAD is a chloroplast membrane-located transporter required for resistance to salt stress in rice (Oryza sativa). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110359. [PMID: 31928685 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major environmental factors limiting crop productivity. Although physiological and molecular characterization of salt stress response in plants has been the focus for many years, research on transporters for sodium ion (Na+) uptake, translocation and accumulation in plants, particularly in food crops like rice is limited. In this study, we functionally identified an uncharacterized sodium ion transporter named OsNHAD which encodes a putative Na+ ⁄ H+ antiporter in rice. Homology search shows its close relation to the Arabidopsis Na+/H+ antiporter AtNHD1 with 72.74% identity of amino acids. OsNHAD transcripts mainly express in leaves and are induced by Na+ stress. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of OsNHAD::GFP fusion in tobacco leaves shows that OsNHAD resides in the chloroplast envelop. Knock-down of OsNHAD by RNA interference led to increased rice sensitivity to Na+, manifested by stunted plant growth, enhanced cellular damage, reduced PSII activity and changed chloroplast morphology. Mutation of OsNHAD also resulted in accumulation of more Na+ in chloroplasts and in shoots as well, suggesting that OsNHAD is involved in mediating efflux and detoxification of Na+ but does not affect K+ accumulation in plant cells. Complementation test reveals that OsNHAD was able to functionally restore the Arabidopsis mutant atnhd1-1 growth phenotype. These results suggest that OsNHAD possibly mediates homeostasis of sodium ions in the subcellular compartments and tissues of the plants when challenged to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Song Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheng Jun Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meng Qi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ya Ning Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hong Wei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Justice Kipkoir Rono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhi Min Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Narendrula-Kotha R, Theriault G, Mehes-Smith M, Kalubi K, Nkongolo K. Metal Toxicity and Resistance in Plants and Microorganisms in Terrestrial Ecosystems. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 249:1-27. [PMID: 30725190 DOI: 10.1007/398_2018_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metals are major abiotic stressors of many organisms, but their toxicity in plants is not as studied as in microorganisms and animals. Likewise, research in plant responses to metal contamination is sketchy. Candidate genes associated with metal resistance in plants have been recently discovered and characterized. Some mechanisms of plant adaptation to metal stressors have been now decrypted. New knowledge on microbial reaction to metal contamination and the relationship between bacterial, archaeal, and fungal resistance to metals has broadened our understanding of metal homeostasis in living organisms. Recent reviews on metal toxicity and resistance mechanisms focused only on the role of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and ionomics. This review is a critical analysis of key findings on physiological and genetic processes in plants and microorganisms in responses to soil metal contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Theriault
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kersey Kalubi
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Kabwe Nkongolo
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
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Dawuda MM, Liao W, Hu L, Yu J, Xie J, Calderón-Urrea A, Jin X, Wu Y. Root tolerance and biochemical response of Chinese lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) genotypes to cadmium stress. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7530. [PMID: 31497397 PMCID: PMC6708574 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the root tolerance and biochemical responses of four Chinese Lactuca sativa L. genotypes (Lüsu, Lümeng, Yidali and Anyan) to cadmium (Cd2+) stress. Twenty-eight days old seedlings were exposed to Hoagland’s nutrient solution supplied with or without 100 µM CdCl2 and monitored for seven days in a climate controlled room. The 100 µM CdCl2 significantly (P < 0.001) decreased all the root morphological indexes of the four genotypes. However, Yidali, which possessed the smallest root system, exhibited greater root tolerance to Cd2+ by having the highest tolerance indexes for root volume (46%), surface area (61%), projected area (74%) and numbers of root forks (63%) and root tips (58%). Moreover, Cd2+ stress also caused increases in H2O2 contents in the roots but the increase was least in Yidali which showed greater root tolerance to Cd2+stress. The effect of Cd2+ stress on the contents of hormones in the roots depended on the genotypes. Under Cd2+ stress, abscisic acid correlated positively with indole-3-acetic acid (r = 0.669*), gibberellic acid (r = 0.630*) and cytokinin (r = 0.785**). The antioxidant enzyme activities and proline responses of the four genotypes to Cd2+ stress were similar. The SOD activity was decreased whiles the CAT and POD activities, as well as the contents of proline increased in all the genotypes under the stress condition. These results suggest that lettuce genotypes with smaller root systems could be more tolerant to Cd2+ stress compared to those with larger root systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.,College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Alejandro Calderón-Urrea
- Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States of America
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Agriculture and Forest Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Hussain S, Khan AM, Rengel Z. Zinc-biofortified wheat accumulates more cadmium in grains than standard wheat when grown on cadmium-contaminated soil regardless of soil and foliar zinc application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:402-408. [PMID: 30447578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn)-biofortified wheat may contribute to decreasing widespread human Zn deficiency. Such genotypes may also accumulate cadmium (Cd) in grains that would expect to be decreased by Zn application. However, the influence of soil and foliar Zn application on grain Cd accumulation in Zn-biofortified versus standard wheat is unknown. In our experiment, we grew standard (Faisalabad-2008) and Zn-biofortified (Zincol-2016) wheats in pots having uncontaminated (T0) or Cd-spiked (8 mg kg-1) soil. Plants in Cd-amended pots were treated with no Zn (T1), 8 mg Zn kg-1 to soil at sowing (T2), 0.5% w/v ZnSO4·7H2O to foliage at booting and heading (T3), or soil (as in T2) + foliar (as in T3) Zn application (T4). Only in the uncontaminated control, grain yield of Faisalabad-2008 was greater than Zincol-2016. Any Zn application to Zincol-2016 grown in Cd-spiked pots increased grain yield compared with the uncontaminated control. In both cultivars, grain Zn concentration was influenced more by foliar than soil Zn application. However, Zincol-2016 had 6 to 14 mg more Zn kg-1 in grains than Faisalabad-2008 in the comparable treatments. Cadmium exposure (T1 vs. T0) decreased grain yield of only Faisalabad-2008, and decreased grain Zn concentration only in Zincol-2016. Without any Zn application, grain Cd concentration in both cultivars exposed to Cd was above the permissible level (0.20 mg kg-1). Zinc application decreased grain Cd concentration, although it remained above the permissible level in both cultivars except in Faisalabad-2008 when treated with soil + foliar Zn. Foliar Zn application decreased grain Cd concentration more than soil Zn application, and more in Zincol-2016 than Faisalabad-2008. In the comparable Cd-spiked treatments, Zincol-2016 had 73 to 134% higher grain Cd concentration than Faisalabad-2008. The Zn-biofortified genotypes accumulating toxic metals may pose serious health issues. Therefore, future breeding for biofortification should focus on the selective accumulation of Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Muhammad Khan
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Kong J, Jin J, Dong Q, Qiu J, Li Y, Yang Y, Shi Y, Si W, Gu L, Yang F, Cheng B, Peng Y. Maize factors ZmUBP15, ZmUBP16 and ZmUBP19 play important roles for plants to tolerance the cadmium stress and salt stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:77-89. [PMID: 30824031 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-Specific Protease16 (UBP16) has been described involved in cadmium stress and salt stress in Arabidopsis, however nothing is known about the functions of its homologs in maize. In this study, we investigate the functions of ZmUBP15, ZmUBP16 and ZmUBP19, three Arabidopsis UBP16 homologs in maize. Our results indicate that ZmUBP15, ZmUBP16 and ZmUBP19 are ubiquitously expressed throughout plant development, and ZmUBP15, ZmUBP16 and ZmUBP19 proteins are mainly localized in plasma membrane. Complementation analyses show that over-expression of ZmUBP15 or ZmUBP16 can rescue the defective phenotype of ubp16-1 in cadmium stress. In addition, over-expression of ZmUBP15, ZmUBP16 or ZmUBP19 can increase the plant tolerance to cadmium stress. These results indicate that ZmUBP15, ZmUBP16 and ZmUBP19 are required for plant to tolerance the cadmium stress. Consistent with this point, cadmium-related genes are markedly up-regulated in seedlings over-expressing ZmUBP15, ZmUBP16 or ZmUBP19. Furthermore, our data indicate that ZmUBP15, ZmUBP16 and ZmUBP19 partially rescue the salt-stress phenotype of ubp16-1. Thus, our research uncover the functions of three novel maize proteins, ZmUBP15, ZmUBP16 and ZmUBP19, which are required for plants in response to cadmium stress and salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of horticulture and landscape, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qing Dong
- Maize Research Center, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jianle Qiu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuehan Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yutian Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Weina Si
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Longjiang Gu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Feiyang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yuancheng Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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