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Yuan W, Wang QF, Pei WH, Li SY, Wang TM, Song HP, Teng D, Kang TG, Zhang H. Age-induced Changes in Ginsenoside Accumulation and Primary Metabolic Characteristics of Panax Ginseng in Transplantation Mode. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:103-111. [PMID: 38223831 PMCID: PMC10785232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng (Panax ginseng Mayer) is an important natural medicine. However, a long culture period and challenging quality control requirements limit its further use. Although artificial cultivation can yield a sustainable medicinal supply, research on the association between the transplantation and chaining of metabolic networks, especially the regulation of ginsenoside biosynthetic pathways, is limited. Methods Herein, we performed Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based metabolomic measurements to evaluate ginsenoside accumulation and categorise differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs). Transcriptome measurements using an Illumina Platform were then conducted to probe the landscape of genetic alterations in ginseng at various ages in transplantation mode. Using pathway data and crosstalk DAMs obtained by MapMan, we constructed a metabolic profile of transplantation Ginseng. Results Accumulation of active ingredients was not obvious during the first 4 years (in the field), but following transplantation, the ginsenoside content increased significantly from 6-8 years (in the wild). Glycerolipid metabolism and Glycerophospholipid metabolism were the most significant metabolic pathways, as Lipids and lipid-like molecule affected the yield of ginsenosides. Starch and sucrose were the most active metabolic pathways during transplantation Ginseng growth. Conclusion This study expands our understanding of metabolic network features and the accumulation of specific compounds during different growth stages of this perennial herbaceous plant when growing in transplantation mode. The findings provide a basis for selecting the optimal transplanting time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Qing-feng Wang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wen-han Pei
- Macau University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Si-yu Li
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Tian-min Wang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hui-peng Song
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | | | - Ting-guo Kang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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Steel L, Welling M, Ristevski N, Johnson K, Gendall A. Comparative genomics of flowering behavior in Cannabis sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1227898. [PMID: 37575928 PMCID: PMC10421669 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1227898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is a phenotypically diverse and multi-use plant used in the production of fiber, seed, oils, and a class of specialized metabolites known as phytocannabinoids. The last decade has seen a rapid increase in the licit cultivation and processing of C. sativa for medical end-use. Medical morphotypes produce highly branched compact inflorescences which support a high density of glandular trichomes, specialized epidermal hair-like structures that are the site of phytocannabinoid biosynthesis and accumulation. While there is a focus on the regulation of phytocannabinoid pathways, the genetic determinants that govern flowering time and inflorescence structure in C. sativa are less well-defined but equally important. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underly flowering behavior is key to maximizing phytocannabinoid production. The genetic basis of flowering regulation in C. sativa has been examined using genome-wide association studies, quantitative trait loci mapping and selection analysis, although the lack of a consistent reference genome has confounded attempts to directly compare candidate loci. Here we review the existing knowledge of flowering time control in C. sativa, and, using a common reference genome, we generate an integrated map. The co-location of known and putative flowering time loci within this resource will be essential to improve the understanding of C. sativa phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anthony Gendall
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Qin C, Du T, Zhang R, Wang Q, Liu Y, Wang T, Cao H, Bai Q, Zhang Y, Su S. Integrated transcriptome, metabolome and phytohormone analysis reveals developmental differences between the first and secondary flowering in Castanea mollissima. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145418. [PMID: 37008486 PMCID: PMC10060901 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chestnut (Castanea mollissima BL.) is an important woody grain, and its flower formation has a significant impact on fruit yield and quality. Some chestnut species in northern China re-flower in the late summer. On the one hand, the second flowering consumes a lot of nutrients in the tree, weakening the tree and thus affecting flowering in the following year. On the other hand, the number of female flowers on a single bearing branch during the second flowering is significantly higher than that of the first flowering, which can bear fruit in bunches. Therefore, these can be used to study the sex differentiation of chestnut. METHODS In this study, the transcriptomes, metabolomes, and phytohormones of male and female chestnut flowers were determined during spring and late summer. We aimed to understand the developmental differences between the first and secondary flowering stages in chestnuts. We analysed the reasons why the number of female flowers is higher in the secondary flowering than in the first flowering and found ways to increase the number of female flowers or decrease the number of male flowers in chestnuts. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis of male and female flowers in different developmental seasons revealed that EREBP-like mainly affected the development of secondary female flowers and HSP20 mainly affected the development of secondary male flowers. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 147 common differentially-regulated genes were mainly enriched from circadian rhythm-plant, carotenoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Metabolome analysis showed that the main differentially accumulated metabolites in female flowers were flavonoids and phenolic acids, whereas the main differentially accumulated metabolites in male flowers were lipids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. These genes and their metabolites are positively correlated with secondary flower formation. Phytohormone analysis showed that abscisic and salicylic acids were negatively correlated with secondary flower formation. MYB305, a candidate gene for sex differentiation in chestnuts, promoted the synthesis of flavonoid substances and thus increased the number of female flowers. DISCUSSION We constructed a regulatory network for secondary flower development in chestnuts, which provides a theoretical basis for the reproductive development mechanism of chestnuts. This study has important practical implications for improving chestnut yield and quality.
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Chakraborty A, Chaudhury R, Dutta S, Basak M, Dey S, Schäffner AR, Das M. Role of metabolites in flower development and discovery of compounds controlling flowering time. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:109-118. [PMID: 36113306 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is one of the most important physiological processes of plants that ensures continuity of genetic flow from one generation to the next and also maintains food security. Therefore, impact of various climate-related abiotic stresses on flowering have been assessed to evaluate the long-term impact of global climate change. In contrast to the enormous volume of research that has been conducted at the genetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and protein level, much less attention has been paid to understand the role of various metabolites in flower induction and floral organ development during normal growth or in stressed environmental condition. This review article aims at summarizing information on various primary (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acid derivatives, protein and amino acids) and secondary metabolites (e.g., polyamines, phenolics, neuro-indoles, phenylpropanoid, flavonoids and terpenes) that have so far been identified either during flower induction or in individual floral organs implying their possible role in organ development. Specialized metabolites responsible for flower colour, scent and shape to support plant-pollinator interaction have been extensively reviewed by many research groups and hence are not considered in this article. Many of the metabolites discussed here may be used as metabolomarkers to identify tolerant crop genotypes. Several agrochemicals have been successfully used to release endodormancy in temperate trees. Along the same line, a strategy that combines metabolite profiling, screening of small-molecule libraries, and structural alteration of selected compounds has been proposed in order to identify novel lead compounds that can regulate flowering time when applied exogenously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rim Chaudhury
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Smritikana Dutta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India; Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mridushree Basak
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sonali Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Malay Das
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
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Grigoreva E, Tkachenko A, Arkhimandritova S, Beatovic A, Ulianich P, Volkov V, Karzhaev D, Ben C, Gentzbittel L, Potokina E. Identification of Key Metabolic Pathways and Biomarkers Underlying Flowering Time of Guar ( Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) via Integrated Transcriptome-Metabolome Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070952. [PMID: 34206279 PMCID: PMC8303896 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) is an annual legume crop native to India and Pakistan. Seeds of the plant serve as a source of galactomannan polysaccharide (guar gum) used in the food industry as a stabilizer (E412) and as a gelling agent in oil and gas fracturing fluids. There were several attempts to introduce this crop to countries of more northern latitudes. However, guar is a plant of a short photoperiod, therefore, its introduction, for example, to Russia is complicated by a long day length during the growing season. Breeding of new guar varieties insensitive to photoperiod slowed down due to the lack of information on functional molecular markers, which, in turn, requires information on guar genome. Modern breeding strategies, e.g., genomic predictions, benefit from integration of multi-omics approaches such as transcriptome, proteome and metabolome assays. Here we present an attempt to use transcriptome-metabolome integration to understand the genetic determination of flowering time variation among guar plants that differ in their photoperiod sensitivity. This study was performed on nine early- and six delayed-flowering guar varieties with the goal to find a connection between 63 metabolites and 1,067 differentially expressed transcripts using Shiny GAM approach. For the key biomarker of flowering in guar myo-inositol we also evaluated the KEGG biochemical pathway maps available for Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway is initiated in guar plants that are ready for flowering through the activation of the phospholipase C (PLC) gene, resulting in an exponential increase in the amount of myo-inositol in its free form observed on GC-MS chromatograms. The signaling pathway is performed by suppression of myo-inositol phosphate kinases (phosphorylation) and alternative overexpression of phosphatases (dephosphorylation). Our study suggests that metabolome and transcriptome information taken together, provide valuable information about biomarkers that can be used as a tool for marker-assisted breeding, metabolomics and functional genomics of this important legume crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Grigoreva
- Information Technologies and Programming Faculty, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.); (A.B.)
- Institute of Forest and Natural Resources Management, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.); (E.P.)
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia;
| | - Alexander Tkachenko
- Information Technologies and Programming Faculty, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9217634039
| | | | - Aleksandar Beatovic
- Information Technologies and Programming Faculty, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Pavel Ulianich
- All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Volkov
- Institute of Forest and Natural Resources Management, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.); (E.P.)
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Karzhaev
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia;
| | - Cécile Ben
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (C.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Laurent Gentzbittel
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (C.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Elena Potokina
- Institute of Forest and Natural Resources Management, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.); (E.P.)
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia;
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Publisher Correction to: BMC Plant Biology, Volume 20, supplement 1. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:43. [PMID: 33451282 PMCID: PMC7809815 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
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