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Prince N, Peralta Marzal LN, Markidi A, Ahmed S, Adolfs Y, Pasterkamp RJ, Kumar H, Roeselers G, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD, Perez-Pardo P. Prebiotic diet normalizes aberrant immune and behavioral phenotypes in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1591-1603. [PMID: 38589690 PMCID: PMC11272935 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a cluster of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in communication and behavior. Increasing evidence suggests that the microbiota-gut-brain axis and the likely related immune imbalance may play a role in the development of this disorder. Gastrointestinal deficits and gut microbiota dysfunction have been linked to the development or severity of autistic behavior. Therefore, treatments that focus on specific diets may improve gastrointestinal function and aberrant behavior in individuals with ASD. In this study, we investigated whether a diet containing specific prebiotic fibers, namely, 3% galacto-oligosaccharide/fructo-oligosaccharide (GOS/FOS; 9:1), can mitigate the adverse effects of in utero exposure to valproic acid (VPA) in mice. Pregnant BALB/cByJ dams were injected with VPA (600 mg/kg, sc.) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on gestational day 11 (G11). Male offspring were divided into four groups: (1) in utero PBS-exposed with a control diet, (2) in utero PBS-exposed with GOS/FOS diet, (3) in utero VPA-exposed with a control diet, and (4) in utero VPA-exposed with GOS/FOS diet. Dietary intervention started from birth and continued throughout the duration of the experiment. We showed that the prebiotic diet normalized VPA-induced alterations in male offspring, including restoration of key microbial taxa, intestinal permeability, peripheral immune homeostasis, reduction of neuroinflammation in the cerebellum, and impairments in social behavior and cognition in mice. Overall, our research provides valuable insights into the gut-brain axis involvement in ASD development. In addition, dietary interventions might correct the disbalance in gut microbiota and immune responses and, ultimately, might improve detrimental behavioral outcomes in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naika Prince
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia N Peralta Marzal
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Markidi
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabbir Ahmed
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Youri Adolfs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guus Roeselers
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, VU university, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Perez-Pardo
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Spencer KD, Bline H, Chen HJ, Verosky BG, Hilt ME, Jaggers RM, Gur TL, Mathé EA, Bailey MT. Modulation of anxiety-like behavior in galactooligosaccharide-fed mice: A potential role for bacterial tryptophan metabolites and reduced microglial reactivity. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 121:229-243. [PMID: 39067620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) reduce anxiety-like behaviors in mice and humans. However, the biological pathways behind these behavioral changes are not well understood. To begin to study these pathways, we utilized C57BL/6 mice that were fed a standard diet with or without GOS supplementation for 3 weeks prior to testing on the open field. After behavioral testing, colonic contents and serum were collected for bacteriome (16S rRNA gene sequencing, colonic contents only) and metabolome (UPLC-MS, colonic contents and serum data) analyses. As expected, GOS significantly reduced anxiety-like behavior (i.e., increased time in the center) and decreased cytokine gene expression (Tnfa and Ccl2) in the prefrontal cortex. Notably, time in the center of the open field was significantly correlated with serum methyl-indole-3-acetic acid (methyl-IAA). This metabolite is a methylated form of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) that is derived from bacterial metabolism of tryptophan. Sequencing analyses showed that GOS significantly increased Lachnospiraceae UCG006 and Akkermansia; these taxa are known to metabolize both GOS and tryptophan. To determine the extent to which methyl-IAA can affect anxiety-like behavior, mice were intraperitoneally injected with methyl-IAA. Mice given methyl-IAA had a reduction in anxiety-like behavior in the open field, along with lower Tnfa in the prefrontal cortex. Methyl-IAA was also found to reduce TNF-α (as well as CCL2) production by LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. Together, these data support a novel pathway through which GOS reduces anxiety-like behaviors in mice and suggests that the bacterial metabolite methyl-IAA reduces microglial cytokine and chemokine production, which in turn reduces anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Spencer
- Graduate Partnership Program, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Heather Bline
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Helen J Chen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Branden G Verosky
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Miranda E Hilt
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert M Jaggers
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tamar L Gur
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ewy A Mathé
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Oral and GI Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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3
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He H, Li M, Qiu Y, Wu Z, Wu L. Washed microbiota transplantation improves sleep quality in patients with sleep disorder by the gut-brain axis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1415167. [PMID: 38979127 PMCID: PMC11228149 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1415167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical impact of washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) from healthy donors in sleep disorder (SD) patients is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of WMT in SD patients. Methods The clinical data were collected from patients with different indications receiving 1-3 courses of WMT, divided into two groups by 7 points of PSQI scale. The score of PQSI and SF-36 scale was used to assess the improvement in sleep quality and life quality among patients with sleep disorders following WMT. Finally, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on fecal samples of patients with sleep disorders before and after WMT. Results WMT significantly improved sleep quality in patients with sleep disorder in the short and medium term. WMT significantly improved sleep latency, sleep time and total score in the short term. WMT significantly improved sleep quality and total score in the medium term. In terms of sleep quality and sleep latency, the improvement value also increased with the increase of treatment course, and the improvement effect of multiple treatment course was better than that of single and double treatment course. In the total score, the improvement effect of double and multiple treatment was better than that of single treatment. WMT also improved quality of life in the sleep disorder group. WMT significantly improved general health, vitality, social function and mental health in the short term. WMT significantly improved role-physical, general health, vitality, and mental health in the medium term. WMT regulated the disturbed gut microbiota in patients with sleep disorders. In the normal sleep group, WMT had no effect on the decline of sleep quality in the short, medium and long term, and had an improving effect on the quality of life. Conclusion WMT could significantly improve sleep quality and life quality in patients with sleep disorders with no adverse events. The improvement in sleep quality resulting from WMT could lead to an overall enhancement in life quality. WMT could be a potentially effective treatment for patients with sleep disorders by regulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin He
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Xinhai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Qiu
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Yu W, Zhu Z, Tang F. Emerging Insights into Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders: The Role of Signaling Across the Gut-Brain Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04228-y. [PMID: 38801630 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The pathophysiological regulatory mechanisms in postoperative neurocognitive disorders (PNCDs) are intricately complex. Currently, the pathogenesis of PNCDs has not been fully elucidated. The mechanism involved may include a variety of factors, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrine dysregulation. Research into the gut microbiota-induced regulations on brain functions is increasingly becoming a focal point of exploration. Emerging evidence has shown that intestinal bacteria may play an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of various physiological systems and regulating disease occurrence. Recent studies have confirmed the association of the gut-brain axis with central nervous system diseases. However, the regulatory effects of this axis in the pathogenesis of PNCDs remain unclear. Therefore, this paper intends to review the bidirectional signaling and mechanism of the gut-brain axis in PNCDs, summarize the latest research progress, and discuss the possible mechanism of intestinal bacteria affecting nervous system diseases. This review is aimed at providing a scientific reference for predicting the clinical risk of PNCD patients and identifying early diagnostic markers and prevention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Zhaoqiong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
- Early Clinical Research Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Fushan Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China.
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5
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Guan S, Li Y, Xin Y, Wang D, Lu P, Han F, Xu H. Deciphering the dual role of N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A comprehensive review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176520. [PMID: 38527701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication following surgery, adversely impacting patients' recovery, increasing the risk of negative outcomes, prolonged hospitalization, and higher mortality rates. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, crucial for learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, plays a significant role in the development of POCD. Various perioperative factors, including age and anesthetic use, can reduce NMDA receptor function, while surgical stress, inflammation, and pain may lead to its excessive activation. This review consolidates preclinical and clinical research to explore the intricate relationship between perioperative factors affecting NMDA receptor functionality and the onset of POCD. It discusses the influence of aging, anesthetic administration, perioperative injury, pain, and inflammation on the NMDA receptor-related pathophysiology of POCD. The comprehensive analysis presented aims to identify effective treatment targets for POCD, contributing to the improvement of patient outcomes post-surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodi Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yueyang Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Danning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fanglong Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiangyang, 441003, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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6
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Bu L, Wang C, Bai J, Song J, Zhang Y, Chen H, Suo H. Gut microbiome-based therapies for alleviating cognitive impairment: state of the field, limitations, and future perspectives. Food Funct 2024; 15:1116-1134. [PMID: 38224464 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a multifaceted neurological condition that can trigger negative emotions and a range of concurrent symptoms, imposing significant public health and economic burdens on society. Therefore, it is imperative to discover a remedy for CI. Nevertheless, the mechanisms behind the onset of this disease are multifactorial, which makes the search for effective amelioration difficult and complex, hindering the search for effective measures. Intriguingly, preclinical research indicates that gut microbiota by influencing brain function, plays an important role in the progression of CI. Furthermore, numerous preclinical studies have highlighted the potential of probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and diet in modulating the gut microbiota, thereby ameliorating CI symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of CI pathogenesis, emphasizing the contribution of gut microbiota disorders to CI development. It also summarizes and discusses current strategies and mechanisms centered on the synergistic role of gut microbiota modulation in the microbiota-gut-brain axis in CI development. Finally, problems with existing approaches are contemplated and the development of microbial modulation strategies as therapeutic approaches to promote and restore brain cognition is discussed. Further research considerations and directions are highlighted to provide ideas for future CI prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Bu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Modern "Chuan Cai Yu Wei" Food Industry Innovation Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Modern "Chuan Cai Yu Wei" Food Industry Innovation Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junying Bai
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Modern "Chuan Cai Yu Wei" Food Industry Innovation Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Xizang 850000, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Modern "Chuan Cai Yu Wei" Food Industry Innovation Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Modern "Chuan Cai Yu Wei" Food Industry Innovation Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China
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7
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Stolzer I, Scherer E, Süß P, Rothhammer V, Winner B, Neurath MF, Günther C. Impact of Microbiome-Brain Communication on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14925. [PMID: 37834373 PMCID: PMC10573483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining human health, with numerous studies demonstrating that alterations in microbial compositions can significantly affect the development and progression of various immune-mediated diseases affecting both the digestive tract and the central nervous system (CNS). This complex interplay between the microbiota, the gut, and the CNS is referred to as the gut-brain axis. The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has gained increasing attention in recent years, and evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis may contribute to disease development and progression. Clinical studies have shown alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis patients, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria. Furthermore, changes within the microbial community have been linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Microbiota-gut-brain communication can impact neurodegenerative diseases through various mechanisms, including the regulation of immune function, the production of microbial metabolites, as well as modulation of host-derived soluble factors. This review describes the current literature on the gut-brain axis and highlights novel communication systems that allow cross-talk between the gut microbiota and the host that might influence the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Stolzer
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eveline Scherer
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Süß
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Cao Y, Song Y, Ding Y, Ni J, Zhu B, Shen J, Miao L. The role of hormones in the pathogenesis and treatment mechanisms of delirium in ICU: The past, the present, and the future. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 233:106356. [PMID: 37385414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Delirium is an acute brain dysfunction. As one of the common psychiatric disorders in ICU, it can seriously affect the prognosis of patients. Hormones are important messenger substances found in the human body that help to regulate and maintain the function and metabolism of various tissues and organs. They are also one of the most commonly used drugs in clinical practice. Recent evidences suggest that aberrant swings in cortisol and non-cortisol hormones might induce severe cognitive impairment, eventually leading to delirium. However, the role of hormones in the pathogenesis of delirium still remains controversial. This article reviews the recent research on risk factors of delirium and the association between several types of hormones and cognitive dysfunction. These mechanisms are expected to offer novel ideas and clinical relevance for the treatment and prevention of delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuwei Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayuan Ni
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqin Shen
- Department of Blood Purification Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liying Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Yadav H, Jaldhi, Bhardwaj R, Anamika, Bakshi A, Gupta S, Maurya SK. Unveiling the role of gut-brain axis in regulating neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive review. Life Sci 2023; 330:122022. [PMID: 37579835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence have shown the importance of gut microbiota in regulating brain functions. The diverse molecular mechanisms involved in cross-talk between gut and brain provide insight into importance of this communication in maintenance of brain homeostasis. It has also been observed that disturbed gut microbiota contributes to neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and aging. Recently, gut microbiome-derived exosomes have also been reported to play an essential role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and could thereby act as a therapeutic target. Further, pharmacological interventions including antibiotics, prebiotics and probiotics can influence gut microbiome-mediated management of neurological diseases. However, extensive research is warranted to better comprehend this interconnection in maintenance of brain homeostasis and its implication in neurological diseases. Thus, the present review is aimed to provide a detailed understanding of gut-brain axis followed by possibilities to target the gut microbiome for improving neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Yadav
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jaldhi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rati Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technical University, Delhi, India
| | - Anamika
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amrita Bakshi
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suchi Gupta
- Tech Cell Innovations Private Limited, Centre for Medical Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CMIE), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Maurya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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10
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Zhang S, Lv S, Li Y, Wei D, Zhou X, Niu X, Yang Z, Song W, Zhang Z, Peng D. Prebiotics modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis and ameliorate cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2991-3007. [PMID: 37460822 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prebiotics, including fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), stimulate beneficial gut bacteria and may be helpful for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to compare the effects of FOS and GOS, alone or in combination, on AD mice and to identify their underlying mechanisms. METHODS Six-month-old APP/PS1 mice and wild-type mice were orally administered FOS, GOS, FOS + GOS or water by gavage for 6 weeks and then subjected to relative assays, including behavioral tests, biochemical assays and 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Through behavioral tests, we found that GOS had the best effect on reversing cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice, followed by FOS + GOS, while FOS had no effect. Through biochemical techniques, we found that GOS and FOS + GOS had effects on multiple targets, including diminishing Aβ burden and proinflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 levels, and changing the concentrations of neurotransmitters GABA and 5-HT in the brain. In contrast, FOS had only a slight anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, through 16S rRNA sequencing, we found that prebiotics changed composition of gut microbiota. Notably, GOS increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus, FOS increased that of Bifidobacterium, and FOS + GOS increased that of both. Furthermore, prebiotics downregulated the expression levels of proteins of the TLR4-Myd88-NF-κB pathway in the colons and cortexes, suggesting the involvement of gut-brain mechanism in alleviating neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION Among the three prebiotics, GOS was the optimal one to alleviate cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice and the mechanism was attributed to its multi-target role in alleviating Aβ pathology and neuroinflammation, changing neurotransmitter concentrations, and modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Chang Chun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Cardiovasology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Dongfeng Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaoqian Niu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ziyuan Yang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weiqun Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Chang Chun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Dantao Peng
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghuayuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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11
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Han X, Ma Y, Ding S, Fang J, Liu G. Regulation of dietary fiber on intestinal microorganisms and its effects on animal health. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:356-369. [PMID: 37635930 PMCID: PMC10448034 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The animal gut harbors diverse microbes that play an essential role in the well-being of their host. Specific diets, such as those rich in dietary fiber, are vital in disease prevention and treatment because they affect intestinal flora and have a positive impact on the metabolism, immunity, and intestinal function of the host. Dietary fiber can provide energy to colonic epithelial cells, regulate the structure and metabolism of intestinal flora, promote the production of intestinal mucosa, stimulate intestinal motility, improve glycemic and lipid responses, and regulate the digestion and absorption of nutrients, which is mainly attributed to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which is the metabolite of dietary fiber. By binding with G protein-coupled receptors (including GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109A) and inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylases, SCFA regulate appetite and glucolipid metabolism, promote the function of the intestinal barrier, alleviate oxidative stress, suppress inflammation, and maintain immune system homeostasis. This paper reviews the physicochemical properties of dietary fiber, the interaction between dietary fiber and intestinal microorganisms, the role of dietary fiber in maintaining intestinal health, and the function of SCFA, the metabolite of dietary fiber, in inhibiting inflammation. Furthermore, we consider the effects of dietary fiber on the intestinal health of pigs, the reproduction and lactation performance of sows, and the growth performance and meat quality of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Han
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Yong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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12
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He G, He Y, Ni H, Wang K, Zhu Y, Bao Y. Dexmedetomidine attenuates neuroinflammation and microglia activation in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells through targeting circ-Shank3/miR-140-3p/TLR4 axis. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67:3766. [PMID: 37491974 PMCID: PMC10476535 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that dexmedetomidine (Dex) could attenuate postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) via targeting circular RNAs (circRNAs). Circ-Shank3 has been found to be involved in the neuroprotective effects of Dex against POCD. However, the role of circ-Shank3 in POCD remains largely unknown. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect circ-Shank3 and miR-140-3p levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated microglia BV-2 cells in the absence or presence of Dex. The relationship among circ-Shank3, miR-140-3p and TLR4 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Additionally, Western blot and immunofluorescence (IF) assays were conducted to evaluate TLR4, p65 and Iba-1 or CD11b levels in cells. In this study, we found that Dex notably decreased circ-Shank3 and TLR4 levels and elevated miR-140-3p level in LPS-treated BV2 cells. Mechanistically, circ-Shank3 harbor miR-140-3p, functioning as a miRNA sponge, and then miR-140-3p targeted the 3'-UTR of TLR4. Additionally, Dex treatment significantly reduced TLR4 level and phosphorylation of p65, and decreased the expressions of microglia markers Iba-1 and CD11b in LPS-treated BV2 cells. As expected, silenced circ-Shank3 further reduced TLR4, p65 and Iba-1 and CD11b levels in LPS-treated BV2 cells in the presence of Dex, whereas these phenomena were reversed by miR-140-3p inhibitor. Collectively, our results found that Dex could attenuate the neuroinflammation and microglia activation in BV2 cells exposed to LPS via targeting circ-Shank3/miR-140-3p/TLR4 axis. Our results might shed a new light on the mechanism of Dex for the treatment of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbao He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai.
| | - Yibo He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai.
| | - Hongwei Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai.
| | - Yijun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai.
| | - Yang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai.
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13
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Ticinesi A, Parise A, Nouvenne A, Cerundolo N, Prati B, Meschi T. The possible role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathophysiology of delirium in older persons. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:19. [PMID: 38046817 PMCID: PMC10688815 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Delirium is a clinical syndrome characterized by an acute change in attention, awareness and cognition with fluctuating course, frequently observed in older patients during hospitalization for acute medical illness or after surgery. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial and still not completely understood, but there is general consensus on the fact that it results from the interaction between an underlying predisposition, such as neurodegenerative diseases, and an acute stressor acting as a trigger, such as infection or anesthesia. Alterations in brain insulin sensitivity and metabolic function, increased blood-brain barrier permeability, neurotransmitter imbalances, abnormal microglial activation and neuroinflammation have all been involved in the pathophysiology of delirium. Interestingly, all these mechanisms can be regulated by the gut microbiota, as demonstrated in experimental studies investigating the microbiota-gut-brain axis in dementia. Aging is also associated with profound changes in gut microbiota composition and functions, which can influence several aspects of disease pathophysiology in the host. This review provides an overview of the emerging evidence linking age-related gut microbiota dysbiosis with delirium, opening new perspectives for the microbiota as a possible target of interventions aimed at delirium prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ticinesi
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Alberto Parise
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Antonio Nouvenne
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cerundolo
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Beatrice Prati
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Tiziana Meschi
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
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14
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Putri SSF, Irfannuddin I, Murti K, Kesuma Y, Darmawan H, Koibuchi N. The role of gut microbiota on cognitive development in rodents: a meta-analysis. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:10. [PMID: 37193943 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive function includes learning, remembering and using acquired information. Emerging studies indicate the correlation between microbiota and cognitive function. Higher abundance of a specific gut microbiota, such as Bacteroidetes may improve cognitive abilities. However, another study reported different result. These results suggest that further systematic analysis is required to determine the effect of the gut microbiota abundance on cognitive development. The aim of this study is to summarize the abundance of the specific gut microbiota and cognitive development using meta-analysis. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Clinical-Key were used as data bases to perform the literature search. Phylum Bacteroidetes, and family Lactobacillaceae were more abundant in cognitive-behavioral enhancement (CBE), whereas Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and family Ruminococcaceae were less abundant in CBE. Differences in gut microbiota abundance are influenced by differences in stage of cognitive dysfunction, intervention, and strain of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krisna Murti
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, 30126, Indonesia
| | - Yudianita Kesuma
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, 30126, Indonesia
| | - Hardi Darmawan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, 30126, Indonesia
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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15
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Brandalise F, Roda E, Ratto D, Goppa L, Gargano ML, Cirlincione F, Priori EC, Venuti MT, Pastorelli E, Savino E, Rossi P. Hericium erinaceus in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Bench to Bedside and Beyond, How Far from the Shoreline? J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050551. [PMID: 37233262 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies is focusing on the pharmacology and feasibility of bioactive compounds as a novel valuable approach to target a variety of human diseases related to neurological degeneration. Among the group of the so-called medicinal mushrooms (MMs), Hericium erinaceus has become one of the most promising candidates. In fact, some of the bioactive compounds extracted from H. erinaceus have been shown to recover, or at least ameliorate, a wide range of pathological brain conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injury. In a large body of in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies on the central nervous system (CNS), the effects of erinacines have been correlated with a significant increase in the production of neurotrophic factors. Despite the promising outcome of preclinical investigations, only a limited number of clinical trials have been carried out so far in different neurological conditions. In this survey, we summarized the current state of knowledge on H. erinaceus dietary supplementation and its therapeutic potential in clinical settings. The bulk collected evidence underlies the urgent need to carry out further/wider clinical trials to prove the safety and efficacy of H. erinaceus supplementation, offering significant neuroprotective applications in brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Goppa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Gargano
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, Via G. Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Fortunato Cirlincione
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Erica Cecilia Priori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Venuti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pastorelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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16
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Sun Y, Wang K, Zhao W. Gut microbiota in perioperative neurocognitive disorders: current evidence and future directions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178691. [PMID: 37215136 PMCID: PMC10192759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is a common surgical anesthesia complication characterized by impairment of memory, attention, language understanding and social ability, which can lead to a decline in the quality of life of patients, prolong the hospitalization period and increase the mortality rate. PND has a high incidence rate, which has a great impact on postoperative recovery and quality of life of patients, and has caused a heavy economic burden to society and families. In recent years, PND has become an important public health problem. The high risk population of PND is more prone to gut microbiota imbalance, and gut microbiota may also affect the inflammatory response of the central nervous system through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Meanwhile, Neuroinflammation and immune activation are important mechanisms of PND. Regulating gut microbiota through probiotics or fecal bacteria transplantation can significantly reduce neuroinflammation, reduce the abnormal activation of immune system and prevent the occurrence of PND. This review summarizes the research progress of gut microbiota and PND, providing basis for the prevention and treatment of PND.
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17
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Szala-Rycaj J, Szewczyk A, Zagaja M, Kaczmarczyk-Ziemba A, Maj M, Andres-Mach M. The Influence of Topinambur and Inulin Preventive Supplementation on Microbiota, Anxious Behavior, Cognitive Functions and Neurogenesis in Mice Exposed to the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:2041. [PMID: 37432210 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily living and functioning under stress can lead to mental health problems such as anxiety or depression. Over the past decades, a number of studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between the central nervous system (CNS), intestinal flora and bidirectional communication along the gut brain axis (GBA) in the maintaining of homeostasis. One of the most important factors regulating GBA functioning in exposure to stress may be a proper diet enriched in the supplementation with pre-, pro-and synbiotics. In the present study, we examined whether a 10-week oral preventive supplementation with natural prebiotics: topinambur powder (TPB) and chicory root inulin (INU) influenced an anxiety, depressive behavior and cognition in mice exposed to the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Additionally, a fluoxetine (FLU) has been used as a reference antidepressive drug. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of TPB, INU and FLU administration on neurogenesis in mice exposed to CUMS and finally analyzed fecal microbiota for possible changes after TPB and INU supplementation in CUMS induced mice. Results obtained from the behavioral studies (elevated plaze maze, forced swim and Morris water maze test) indicated, that 10 week supplementation with TPB (250 mg/kg) and INU (66 mg/kg), similarly to FLU (12 mg/kg), significantly mitigated an anxiety and stress as well as protected learning and memory functions in the CUMS induced mice compared to the control stressed group. Additionally, TPB and INU CUMS mice showed significantly higher level of neurogenesis in comparison to control CUMS group. Interestingly, results obtained from the fecal microbiota analysis showed a beneficial effect of TPB and INU supplementation against CUMS-induced intestinal dysbiosis in mice. In conclusion, the obtained results showed that a long-term, preventive supplementation with TPB or INU alleviates the negative effects such as anxiety, cognitive disorders or dysbiosis in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szala-Rycaj
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szewczyk
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarczyk-Ziemba
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, WitaStwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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18
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Exogenous Penicillium camemberti Lipase Preparation Exerts Prebiotic-like Effects by Increasing Cecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Abundance in Rats. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium camemberti is used in cheese production; however, its health benefits remain to be elucidated. We previously found that supplemental Aspergillus-derived lipase preparation exerts a strong bifidogenic effect in rats fed a high-fat diet. This study investigated the effects of the feeding of a diet containing a 0.2% or 0.4% Penicillium camemberti-derived lipase preparation (PCL) for two weeks on the cecal microbiota in rats. According to 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, both PCL supplements significantly (p < 0.05) affected the cecal microbial community. At the genus level, supplemental 0.4% PCL significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Collinsella (127-fold, 6-fold, and 193-fold increase, respectively). The abundance of these bacteria in the 0.2% PCL group was between that of the control and 0.4% PCL groups. Notably, the effects of supplemental 0.4% PCL on modulating the abundance of these bacteria matched the effects observed in studies on typical prebiotic oligosaccharides. PICRUSt analysis revealed that PCL supplements significantly modulated the relative abundance of bacterial genes associated with 27 metabolic pathways, some of which were similar to those reported for prebiotic oligosaccharides. This study provides the first evidence indicating that supplemental PCL exerts prebiotic-like effects by modulating the abundance of the gut microbiota.
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19
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Machado M, Ferreira H, Oliveira MBPP, Alves RC. Coffee by-products: An underexplored source of prebiotic ingredients. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7181-7200. [PMID: 36847145 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2181761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Consumers' demand for foods with high nutritional value and health benefits has fueled the development of prebiotic foods. In coffee industry, cherries transformation into roasted beans generates a large amount of waste/by-products (pulp/husks, mucilage, parchment, defective beans, silverskin and spent coffee grounds) that usually end up in landfills. The possibility to use coffee by-products as relevant sources of prebiotic ingredients is herein ascertained. As a prelude to this discussion, an overview of pertinent literature on prebiotic action was conducted, including on biotransformation of prebiotics, gut microbiota, and metabolites. Existing research indicates that coffee by-products contain significant levels of dietary fiber and other components that can improve gut health by stimulating beneficial bacteria in the colon, making them excellent candidates for prebiotic ingredients. Oligosaccharides from coffee by-products have lower digestibility than inulin and can be fermented by gut microbiota into functional metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Depending on the concentration, melanoidins and chlorogenic acids may also have prebiotic action. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of in vivo studies to validate such findings in vitro. This review shows how coffee by-products can be interesting for the development of functional foods, contributing to sustainability, circular economy, food security, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Machado
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita C Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Su D. Efficiency of probiotics in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery for postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a study protocol for a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:146. [PMID: 36841790 PMCID: PMC9960477 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) refers to a neurological dysfunction after a major surgery and anesthesia. It is common in elderly patients and is characterized by impairment in consciousness, orientation, thinking, memory, and executive function after surgical anesthesia. However, at present, there is no definite preventive or treatable strategy for it. Previous animal experiments showed that giving probiotics to mice before operation can prevent POCD, but there is a lack of clinical evidence. This study aims to intervene with the intestinal flora imbalance using probiotics during the perioperative period to reduce the incidence of POCD in elderly patients after orthopedic surgery and to provide new ideas and methods for the clinical prevention and treatment of POCD. METHODS A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial will be performed to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Participants (n = 220) will receive probiotics (Peifeikang, Live Combined Bifidobacterium, 210 mg per capsule, twice a day, four capsules each time, which contains Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus faecalis no less than 1.0 × 107 CFU viable bacteria respectively) or placebo from 1 day before surgery to 6 days after surgery. Neuropsychological tests will be performed 1 day before surgery and 1 week and 1 month after surgery. The main outcome of this study is the incidence of POCD 7 days after surgery. Our secondary objective is to assess the incidence of POCD 1 month after surgery; the cognitive status will be determined based on a telephone interview and will be evaluated via TICS-m; postoperative delirium will be assessed 7 days after surgery using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). DISCUSSION Discovering the correlation between the intestinal microbiota and POCD is an important breakthrough. Based on the key role of the intestinal microbiota in other cognitive disorders, we hope that probiotics can reduce its incidence in elderly orthopedic patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04017403. Registered on August 15, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Anaesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Anaesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Ying Tang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Anaesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Anaesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Anaesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Diansan Su
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Sugita S, Tahir P, Kinjo S. The effects of microbiome-targeted therapy on cognitive impairment and postoperative cognitive dysfunction-A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281049. [PMID: 36749772 PMCID: PMC9904456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut-brain axis involves bidirectional communication between the gut-microbiota and central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate whether probiotics and/or prebiotics, known as Microbiome-targeted Therapies (MTTs), improve cognition and prevent postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). METHODS Relevant animal and human studies were identified using a systematic database search (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science), focusing on the effects of MTTs on inflammation, perioperative and non-perioperative cognitive impairment. Screening and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. The Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. The revised Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2) was used for human studies. RESULTS A total of 24 articles were selected; 16 of these involved animal studies, and 8 described studies in humans. In these papers, the use of MTTs consistently resulted in decreased inflammation in perioperative and non-perioperative settings. Out of 16 animal studies, 5 studies (2 associated with delirium and 3 studies related to POCD) were conducted in a perioperative setting. MTTs improved perioperative cognitive behavior and reduced inflammation in all 5 animal studies. Eleven animal studies were conducted in a non-perioperative setting. In all of these studies, MTTs showed improvement in learning and memory function. MTTs showed a positive effect on levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers related to cognitive function. Among the 8 human studies, only one study examined the effects of perioperative MTTs on cognitive function. This study showed a reduced incidence of POCD along with improved cognitive function. Of the remaining 7 studies, 6 suggested that MTTs improved behavioral test results and cognition in non-perioperative environments. One study failed to show any significant differences in memory, biomarkers of inflammation, or oxidative factors. CONCLUSION In the studies we examined, most showed that MTTs decrease inflammation by down-regulating inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in both perioperative and non-perioperative settings. In general, MTTs also seem to have a positive effect on cognition through neural, immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways. However, these effects have not yet resulted in a consensus regarding preventative strategies or treatments. Based on these current research results, MTTs could be a potential new preventative strategy for cognitive impairment after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiko Sugita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, Tama-Nagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peggy Tahir
- University of California San Francisco Library, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sakura Kinjo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Hong D, Zhang C, Wu W, Lu X, Zhang L. Modulation of the gut-brain axis via the gut microbiota: a new era in treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1133546. [PMID: 37153665 PMCID: PMC10157060 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1133546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There are trillions of different microorganisms in the human digestive system. These gut microbes are involved in the digestion of food and its conversion into the nutrients required by the body. In addition, the gut microbiota communicates with other parts of the body to maintain overall health. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is known as the gut-brain axis (GBA), and involves connections via the central nervous system (CNS), the enteric nervous system (ENS), and endocrine and immune pathways. The gut microbiota regulates the central nervous system bottom-up through the GBA, which has prompted researchers to pay considerable attention to the potential pathways by which the gut microbiota might play a role in the prevention and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Studies with animal models of ALS have shown that dysregulation of the gut ecology leads to dysregulation of brain-gut signaling. This, in turn, induces changes in the intestinal barrier, endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation, which contribute to the development of ALS. Through the use of antibiotics, probiotic supplementation, phage therapy, and other methods of inducing changes in the intestinal microbiota that can inhibit inflammation and delay neuronal degeneration, the clinical symptoms of ALS can be alleviated, and the progression of the disease can be delayed. Therefore, the gut microbiota may be a key target for effective management and treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenshuo Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Zhang
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Implications of fractalkine on glial function, ablation and glial proteins/receptors/markers—understanding its therapeutic usefulness in neurological settings: a narrative review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a chemokine predominantly released by neurons. As a signaling molecule, CX3CL1 facilitates talk between neurons and glia. CX3CL1 is considered as a potential target which could alleviate neuroinflammation. However, certain controversial results and ambiguous role of CX3CL1 make it inexorable to decipher the overall effects of CX3CL1 on the physiopathology of glial cells.
Main body of the abstract
Implications of cross-talk between CX3CL1 and different glial proteins/receptors/markers will give a bird eye view of the therapeutic significance of CX3CL1. Keeping with the need, this review identifies the effects of CX3CL1 on glial physiopathology, glial ablation, and gives a wide coverage on the effects of CX3CL1 on certain glial proteins/receptors/markers.
Short conclusion
Pinpoint prediction of the therapeutic effect of CX3CL1 on neuroinflammation needs further research. This is owing to certain obscure roles and implications of CX3CL1 on different glial proteins/receptors/markers, which are crucial under neurological settings. Further challenges are imposed due to the dichotomous roles played by CX3CL1. The age-old chemokine shows many newer scopes of research in near future. Thus, overall assessment of the effect of CX3CL1 becomes crucial prior to its administration in neuroinflammation.
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Cheng C, Wan H, Cong P, Huang X, Wu T, He M, Zhang Q, Xiong L, Tian L. Targeting neuroinflammation as a preventive and therapeutic approach for perioperative neurocognitive disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:297. [PMID: 36503642 PMCID: PMC9743533 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is a common postoperative complication associated with regional or general anesthesia and surgery. Growing evidence in both patient and animal models of PND suggested that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development and progression of this problem, therefore, mounting efforts have been made to develop novel therapeutic approaches for PND by targeting specific factors or steps alongside the neuroinflammation. Multiple studies have shown that perioperative anti-neuroinflammatory strategies via administering pharmacologic agents or performing nonpharmacologic approaches exert benefits in the prevention and management of PND, although more clinical evidence is urgently needed to testify or confirm these results. Furthermore, long-term effects and outcomes with respect to cognitive functions and side effects are needed to be observed. In this review, we discuss recent preclinical and clinical studies published within a decade as potential preventive and therapeutic approaches targeting neuroinflammation for PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China
| | - Hanxi Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China
| | - Peilin Cong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China
| | - Xinwei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China
| | - Tingmei Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China
| | - Mengfan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China
| | - Li Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434 China
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Sun C, Hao B, Pang D, Li Q, Li E, Yang Q, Zou Y, Liao S, Liu F. Diverse Galactooligosaccharides Differentially Reduce LPS-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages. Foods 2022; 11:foods11243973. [PMID: 36553716 PMCID: PMC9777761 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of natural and synthetic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on inflammation were explored by investigating the structure-activity relationship between the degree of GOS polymerization and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, together with the potential underlying mechanism of their anti-inflammatory effects. The results demonstrated that GOS had strong anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, including the inhibition of nitric oxide production and the reduced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and proteins related to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. GOS4, which has the highest degree of polymerization, exerted the strongest anti-inflammatory activity among the GOS examined. More importantly, our findings confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of GOS on RAW264.7 macrophages via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Our experimental results could provide further support for the exploration of GOS in human nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Sun
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Bifang Hao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Daorui Pang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Qian Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Erna Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Yuxiao Zou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510600, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-20-87236897
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Xia T, Yang C, Wang X, Bai L, Ma J, Zhao M, Hua W, Wang H. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 as a novel biomarker in elderly patients for the prediction of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction: A prospective nested case-control study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1034041. [PMID: 36337695 PMCID: PMC9634074 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1034041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) occurs in up to 54% of older patients, giving rise to the heavy psychological and economic burdens to patients and society. To date, the development of PND biomarkers remains a challenge. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1) is an RNA-binding protein whose prion-like structure is prone to mutation and hence leads to neurodegenerative diseases, but its expression changes in PND remains unclear. Here, we detect the preoperative hnRNPA2/B1 level in patients with PND, and to explore its value in the prediction and diagnosis of PND. Methods The study included 161 elderly patients undergoing lumbar decompression and fusion in Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital from September 2021 to July 2022. Neuropsychological and psychometric evaluations were performed before surgery, 1 week and 3 months after surgery to diagnose the occurrence of PND, then the peripheral blood was collected from patients before induction of anesthesia. The concentration in plasma of hnRNPA2/B1 and amyloid-β 42 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median fluorescence intensity and mRNA levels of hnRNPA2/B1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by indirect intracellular staining flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Results The preoperative hnRNPA2/B1 level in patients with PND was higher both in short-time and long-time follow-up. We found significantly higher concentrations of hnRNPA2/B1 in PND at 7 days after surgery (median, 72.26 pg/mL vs. 54.95 pg/mL, p = 0.022) compared with patients without PND, and so as 3 months after surgery (median, 102.93 pg/mL vs. 56.38 pg/mL, p = 0.012). The area under the curve (AUC) was predicted to be 0.686 at 7 days after surgery and 0.735 at 3 months. In addition, when combining several clinical information, the diagnostic efficiency of hnRNPA2/B1 for PND could further increase (AUC, 0.707 at 7 days, 0.808 at 3 months). Conclusion Based on the findings reported here, hnRNPA2/B1 may serve as a new and powerful predictive biomarker to identify elderly patients with PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingshu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyun Wang,
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Crosstalk between the Gut and Brain in Ischemic Stroke: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Options. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6508046. [PMID: 36267243 PMCID: PMC9578915 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6508046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a significant amount of interest in the past two decades in the study of the evolution of the gut microbiota, its internal and external impacts on the gut, and risk factors for cerebrovascular disorders such as cerebral ischemic stroke. The network of bidirectional communication between gut microorganisms and their host is known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). There is mounting evidence that maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis can frequently enhance the effectiveness of ischemic stroke treatment by modulating immune, metabolic, and inflammatory responses through MGBA. To effectively monitor and cure ischemic stroke, restoring a healthy microbial ecology in the gut may be a critical therapeutic focus. This review highlights mechanistic insights on the MGBA in disease pathophysiology. This review summarizes the role of MGBA signaling in the development of stroke risk factors such as aging, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, as well as changes in the microbiota in experimental or clinical populations. In addition, this review also examines dietary changes, the administration of probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation as treatment options for ischemic stroke as potential health benefits. It will become more apparent how the MGBA affects human health and disease with continuing advancements in this emerging field of biomedical sciences.
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28
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Xu Y, Ma Q, Du H, Yang C, Lin G. Postoperative Delirium in Neurosurgical Patients: Recent Insights into the Pathogenesis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101371. [PMID: 36291305 PMCID: PMC9599232 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a complication characterized by disturbances in attention, awareness, and cognitive function that occur shortly after surgery or emergence from anesthesia. Since it occurs prevalently in neurosurgical patients and poses great threats to the well-being of patients, much emphasis is placed on POD in neurosurgical units. However, there are intricate theories about its pathogenesis and limited pharmacological interventions for POD. In this study, we review the recent insights into its pathogenesis, mainly based on studies within five years, and the five dominant pathological theories that account for the development of POD, with the intention of furthering our understanding and boosting its clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qianquan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haiming Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- North America Medical Education Foundation, Union City, CA 94587, USA
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-135-1108-7060 (C.Y.); +86-135-5240-0103 (G.L.)
| | - Guozhong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-135-1108-7060 (C.Y.); +86-135-5240-0103 (G.L.)
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Lu J, Hou W, Gao S, Zhang Y, Zong Y. The Role of Gut Microbiota—Gut—Brain Axis in Perioperative Neurocognitive Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879745. [PMID: 35774608 PMCID: PMC9237434 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging of the world population and advances in medical and health technology, more and more elderly patients are undergoing anesthesia and surgery, and perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) is receiving increasing attention. The latest definition of PND, published simultaneously in November 2018 in 6 leading journals in the field of anesthesiology, clarifies that PND includes preoperatively cognitive impairment, postoperative delirium, delayed neurocognitive recovery, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction and meets the diagnostic criteria for neurocognitive impairment in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -fifth edition (DSM-5). The time frame for PND includes preoperatively and within 12 months postoperatively. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota regulates central nervous function and behavior through the gut microbiota - gut - brain axis, but the role of the axis in the pathogenesis of PND remains unclear. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanism of the role of gut microbiota-gut-brain axis in PND, so as to help explore reasonable early treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wenlong Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sunan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Youming Zong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Youming Zong,
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30
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Wang J, Xin Y, Chu T, Liu C, Xu A. Dexmedetomidine attenuates perioperative neurocognitive disorders by suppressing hippocampal neuroinflammation and HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113006. [PMID: 35486975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical trauma can induce an inflammatory response in the central nervous system. Neuroinflammation is a crucial pathological mechanism of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is an alpha (α)-2 adrenoceptor agonist that is widely used in the perioperative period. Previous studies have shown that Dex has neuroprotection in various nerve injury models, but its role in PND remains unclear. Our study aimed to observe the neuroprotective effect of Dex pretreatment on postoperative cognitive change and explore the effects of hippocampal neuroinflammation, microglial polarization and HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway involved in Dex on PND in rats. Rats were pretreated with Dex alone or in combination with yohimbine (α-2 adrenoceptor antagonist) before surgery. Behavioral tests results showed that Dex ameliorated surgery-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Nissl, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL-NeuN staining results indicated that Dex reduced hippocampus damage and neuronal apoptosis caused by surgery. Dex preconditioning reduced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in hippocampus. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence results showed that Dex preconditioning inhibited the activation of glial cells induced by surgery. Western blot analysis showed that Dex preconditioning downregulated the expression of M1 phenotype markers (CD86 and iNOS), HMGB1, RAGE and nuclear NF-κB and upregulated the expression of M2 phenotype markers (Arginase 1 and CD206) and cytoplasmic NF-κB. Yohimbine could inhibit the neuroprotective effect of Dex. These results indicated that Dex pretreatment could improve postoperative short-term cognitive impairment, and the neuroprotective mechanism may involve the suppression of hippocampal neuroinflammation, regulation of M1/M2 polarization, and inhibition of HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yueyang Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tiantian Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Aijun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Ling Z, Jin G, Yan X, Cheng Y, Shao L, Song Q, Liu X, Zhao L. Fecal Dysbiosis and Immune Dysfunction in Chinese Elderly Patients With Schizophrenia: An Observational Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:886872. [PMID: 35719348 PMCID: PMC9198589 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.886872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with largely unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is a vital player in SZ. However, the gut microbiota characteristics and its host response in elderly SZ patients are still not well understood. A total of 161 samples was collected, including 90 samples from elderly SZ patients and 71 samples from healthy controls. We explored the gut microbiota profiles targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene by MiSeq sequencing, and to analyze their associations with host immune response. Our data found that bacterial β-diversity analyses could divide the SZ patients and healthy controls into two different clusters. The Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) identified the compositional changes in SZ-associated bacteria, including Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Actinomyces, Butyricicoccus, Prevotella and so on. In addition, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β were greatly increased in SZ patients while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ were markedly decreased. Correlation analysis suggested that these bacteria contributed to immune disturbances in the host that could be used as non-invasive biomarkers to distinguish the SZ patients from healthy controls. Moreover, several predicted functional modules, including increased lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, folate biosynthesis, lipoic acid metabolism, and decreased bile acid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis in SZ-associated microbiota, could be utilized by the bacteria to produce immunomodulatory metabolites. This study, for the first time, demonstrated the structural and functional dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota in Chinese elderly SZ patients, suggesting the potential for using gut key functional bacteria for the early, non-invasive diagnosis of SZ, personalized treatment, and the development of tailor-made probiotics designed for Chinese elderly SZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; Xia Liu, ; Longyou Zhao,
| | - Guolin Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Li Shao
- Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; Xia Liu, ; Longyou Zhao,
| | - Longyou Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; Xia Liu, ; Longyou Zhao,
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Chen D, Fang X, Zhu Z. Progress in the correlation of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease and the potential therapeutic drug exploration. IBRAIN 2022; 9:446-462. [PMID: 38680509 PMCID: PMC11045201 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decrease in mental capacity that can occur days to weeks after a medical procedure and may become permanent and rarely lasts for a longer period of time. With the continuous development of research, various viewpoints in academic circles have undergone subtle changes, and the role of anesthesia depth and anesthesia type seems to be gradually weakened; Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a latent and progressive neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. The protein hypothesis and the synaptic hypothesis are well-known reasons. These changes will also lead to the occurrence of an inflammatory cascade. The exact etiology and pathogenesis need to be studied. The reasonable biological mechanism affecting brain protein deposition, neuroinflammation, and acetylcholine-like effect has a certain relationship between AD and POCD. Whereas there is still further uncertainty about the mechanism and treatment, and it is elusive whether POCD is a link in the continuous progress of AD or a separate entity, which has doubts about the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Therefore, this review is based on the current common clinical characteristics of AD and POCD, and pathophysiological research, to search for their common points and explore the direction and new strategies for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Qin Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- College of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xu Fang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- College of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Zhao‐Qiong Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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Abstract
The gut microbiome plays critical roles in human health and disease. Recent studies suggest it may also be associated with chronic pain and postoperative pain outcomes. In animal models, the composition of the gut microbiome changes after general anesthesia and affects the host response to medications, including anesthetics and opioids. In humans, the gut microbiome is associated with the development of postoperative pain and neurocognitive disorders. Additionally, the composition of the gut microbiome has been associated with pain conditions including visceral pain, nociplastic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, and headaches, partly through altered concentration of circulating bacterial-derived metabolites. Furthermore, animal studies demonstrate the critical role of the gut microbiome in neuropathic pain via immunomodulatory mechanisms. This article reviews basic concepts of the human gut microbiome and its interactions with the host and provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence linking the gut microbiome to anesthesiology, critical care, and pain medicine.
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Li Z, Zhu Y, Kang Y, Qin S, Chai J. Neuroinflammation as the Underlying Mechanism of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:843069. [PMID: 35418837 PMCID: PMC8995749 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.843069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common neurological complication following surgery and general anesthesia, especially in elderly patients. Severe cases delay patient discharge, affect the patient’s quality of life after surgery, and are heavy burdens to society. In addition, as the population ages, surgery is increasingly used for older patients and those with higher prevalences of complications. This trend presents a huge challenge to the current healthcare system. Although studies on POCD are ongoing, the underlying pathogenesis is still unclear due to conflicting results and lack of evidence. According to existing studies, the occurrence and development of POCD are related to multiple factors. Among them, the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation in POCD has become a focus of research in recent years, and many clinical and preclinical studies have confirmed the correlation between neuroinflammation and POCD. In this article, we reviewed how central nervous system inflammation occurred, and how it could lead to POCD with changes in peripheral circulation and the pathological pathways between peripheral circulation and the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, we proposed some potential therapeutic targets, diagnosis and treatment strategies at the cellular and molecular levels, and clinical applications. The goal of this article was to provide a better perspective for understanding the occurrence of POCD, its development, and preventive strategies to help manage these vulnerable geriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Youzhuang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yihan Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shangyuan Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Chai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Chai,
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Prenatal Isoflurane Exposure Induces Developmental Neurotoxicity in Rats: the Role of Gut Microbiota. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:485-497. [PMID: 35294710 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fetal exposure to inhaled anesthetics, such as isoflurane, may lead to neurodevelopmental impairment in offspring. Yet, the mechanisms of prenatal isoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity have not been fully elucidated. Gut microbiota is a pivotal modulator of brain development and functions. While the antibiotic effect of isoflurane has been previously investigated, the relationship between prenatal isoflurane exposure and postnatal gut microbiota, brain biology, and behavior remains unknown. In the present study, we treated pregnant rats with 2% isoflurane for 4 h on gestational day 14. Their offspring were tested with novel object recognition task on postnatal day 28 (P28) to assess cognition. Fecal microbiome was assessed using 16S RNA sequencing. We also analyzed hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in P28 rat brains. To further explore the role of gut microbiota on prenatal isoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity, we treated rats with mixed probiotics on P14 for 14 days and evaluated novel object recognition and hippocampal expression of BDNF on P28. Results indicate that prenatal exposure to isoflurane significantly decreased novel object recognition (novel object preference ratio: mean difference (MD) - 0.157; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.234 to - 0.080, P < 0.001) paralleled by diminished expression of hippocampal BDNF in juvenile rats. Prenatal exposure to isoflurane also significantly altered the diversity and composition of gut microbiota. Treatment with probiotics mitigated these changes in cognition (novel object preference ratio: isoflurane group vs. control group: MD - 0.177; 95% CI - 0.307 to - 0.047, P = 0.006; probiotic group vs. isoflurane group: MD 0.140; 95% CI 0.004 to 0.275, P = 0.042) and BDNF expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that gut dysbiosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of maternal isoflurane exposure-induced postnatal cognitive impairment. To determine the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cognition in prenatal anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity, further studies are needed.
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Wang R, Gao R, Xie X, Chen H, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Zhang C, Deng L, Lv P, Zheng Q, Zhu T, Chen C. Perioperative platelet count in peripheral blood is associated with the early stage of PND after major orthopedic surgery: a prospective observational study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:200. [PMID: 35287583 PMCID: PMC8919528 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are common complications of major surgery among elderly patients, remarkably decreasing patients’ life quality. Platelet count has been proved to be an essential factor in inflammation. However, as far as we know, the relationship between platelet count and PND is not clear yet in the orthopedic area. PND could be a long-term disease, which sometimes lasts for several years, and it is meaningful to find a biomarker of PND at the early stage. Thus, we designed this study to find out the association between perioperative platelet count and occurrence of PND, and determine whether preoperative platelet count could be a biomarker of the early stage of PND. Methods A prospective observational study was performed on the patients who would take total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty. Their peripheral platelets were counted by blood routine examination 1 day before and 3 days after the surgery. And we assessed their neurocognitive functions 1 day before and 3 days after the surgery. These data were recorded and analyzed to find out the relationship between platelet count and the occurrence of PND. Results Eventually, 70 patients finished the whole process, and 14 of them developed PND. The median preoperative platelet count in the PND group was significantly higher than that in the non-PND group (239 vs 168 × 10^9/L, p = 0.009). Preoperative platelet count was an independent risk factor for PND (odds ratio = 1.014, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.000–1.027, P = 0.043) in the logistic multivariable regression, while the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve of the prediction model was 0.796 (95% CI 0.676–0.916). Conclusions The higher preoperative and postoperative level of platelet count in the peripheral blood were associated with the early stage of PND, and preoperative platelet count could be a potential predictor of the early stage of PND in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgeries. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000033001, registration date: 17 May 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-02899-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Changteng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Liyun Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peilin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Liu L, Shang L, Jin D, Wu X, Long B. General anesthesia bullies the gut: a toxic relationship with dysbiosis and cognitive dysfunction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:709-728. [PMID: 35187594 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common surgery outcome affecting up to a third of the elderly patients, and it is associated with high morbidity and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease development. PND is characterized by cognitive impairment that can manifest acutely in the form of postoperative delirium (POD) or after hospital discharge as postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Although POD and POCD are clinically distinct, their development seems to be mediated by a systemic inflammatory reaction triggered by surgical trauma that leads to dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier and facilitates the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Recent studies have suggested that the gut microbiota composition may play a pivotal role in the PND development by modulating the risk of neuroinflammation establishment. In fact, modulation of gut microbiome composition with pre- and probiotics seems to be effective for the prevention and treatment of PND in animals. Interestingly, general anesthetics seem to have major responsibility on the gut microbiota composition changes following surgery and, consequently, can be an important element in the process of PND initiation. This concept represents an important milestone for the understanding of PND pathogenesis and may unveil new opportunities for the development of preventive or mitigatory strategies against the development of these conditions. The aim of this review is to discuss how anesthetics used in general anesthesia can interact and alter the gut microbiome composition and contribute to PND development by favoring the emergence of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lihua Shang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dongxue Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiuying Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bo Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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Wang XQ, Li H, Li XN, Yuan CH, Zhao H. Gut-Brain Axis: Possible Role of Gut Microbiota in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:745774. [PMID: 35002672 PMCID: PMC8727913 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.745774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is becoming a severe social phenomenon globally, and the improvements in health care and increased health awareness among the elderly have led to a dramatic increase in the number of surgical procedures. Because of the degenerative changes in the brain structure and function in the elderly, the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is much higher in elderly patients than in young people following anesthesia/surgery. PND is attracting more and more attention, though the exact mechanisms remain unknown. A growing body of evidence has shown that the gut microbiota is likely involved. Recent studies have indicated that the gut microbiota may affect postoperative cognitive function via the gut-brain axis. Nonetheless, understanding of the mechanistic associations between the gut microbiota and the brain during PND progression remains very limited. In this review, we begin by providing an overview of the latest progress concerning the gut-brain axis and PND, and then we summarize the influence of perioperative factors on the gut microbiota. Next, we review the literature on the relationship between gut microbiota and PND and discuss how gut microbiota affects cognitive function during the perioperative period. Finally, we explore effective early interventions for PND to provide new ideas for related clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, Southeast University, Yancheng, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Nan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, Southeast University, Yancheng, China
| | - Cong-Hu Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, Southeast University, Yancheng, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, Southeast University, Yancheng, China
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Niu X, Zheng S, Li S, Liu H. Role of Different Doses of Ketamine in Postoperative Neurocognitive Function in Aged Mice Undergoing Partial Hepatectomy by Regulating the Bmal1/NMDA/NF-Κb Axis. Eur Surg Res 2021; 63:182-195. [PMID: 34879384 DOI: 10.1159/000520210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study set out to probe the function of different doses of ketamine in postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) in aged mice undergoing partial hepatectomy (PH) with the involvement of the brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (Bmal1)/n-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) axis. METHODS First, aged mice were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of ketamine prior to surgery, followed by hepatic lobectomy. Afterward, mice cognitive function was assessed. In addition, Bmal1 mRNA expression patterns were quantified, while NMDA 2B receptor, NF-κB p65, synapsin 1, and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) levels were determined; the release of inflammatory factors was detected, and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 expression was measured to quantify microglia activation. In addition, Bmal1-knockout (Bmal1-KO) mice were intraperitoneally injected with a subanesthetic dose of ketamine to verify the mechanism of Bmal1 in regulating the NMDA 2B subunit (NR2B)/NF-κB axis to affect PH in aged patients. RESULTS After PH, hippocampal-dependent memory was impaired, and synapsin 1 and PSD95 levels were downregulated. On the other hand, PH diminished Bmal1 expression but elevated NR2B and NF-κB p65 levels and anesthetic doses of ketamine further regulated the Bmal1/NMDA/NF-κB axis. In Bmal1-KO mice, the NMDA/NF-κB axis was activated, the release of inflammatory cytokines was promoted, and hippocampus-dependent memory was impaired, which were reversed by a subanesthetic dose of ketamine. CONCLUSION Altogether, findings obtained in our study indicated that a subanesthetic dose of ketamine activated Bmal1, downregulated the NMDA/NF-κB axis, and reduced inflammation and microglia activation to alleviate PND in aged mice undergoing PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Simin Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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40
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Research Progress on the Role of Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Development of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3883204. [PMID: 34869762 PMCID: PMC8642009 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3883204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), as one of the common postoperative complications, mainly occurs after surgery and anesthesia, especially in the elderly. It refers to cognitive function changes such as decreased learning and memory ability and inability to concentrate. In severe cases, there could be personality changes and a decline in social behavior. At present, a great deal of research had been carried out on POCD, but its specific mechanism remains unclear. The release of peripheral inflammation-related factors, the degradation and destruction of the blood-brain barrier, the occurrence of central inflammation, and the neuronal apoptosis and synaptic loss could be promoted by neuroinflammation indicating that inflammatory mechanisms may play key roles in the occurrence of POCD.
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Guan ZW, Yu EZ, Feng Q. Soluble Dietary Fiber, One of the Most Important Nutrients for the Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226802. [PMID: 34833893 PMCID: PMC8624670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber is a widely recognized nutrient for human health. Previous studies proved that dietary fiber has significant implications for gastrointestinal health by regulating the gut microbiota. Moreover, mechanistic research showed that the physiological functions of different dietary fibers depend to a great extent on their physicochemical characteristics, one of which is solubility. Compared with insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber can be easily accessed and metabolized by fiber-degrading microorganisms in the intestine and produce a series of beneficial and functional metabolites. In this review, we outlined the structures, characteristics, and physiological functions of soluble dietary fibers as important nutrients. We particularly focused on the effects of soluble dietary fiber on human health via regulating the gut microbiota and reviewed their effects on dietary and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Guan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Z.-W.G.); (E.-Z.Y.)
- School of Life Science, Qi Lu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - En-Ze Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Z.-W.G.); (E.-Z.Y.)
| | - Qiang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Z.-W.G.); (E.-Z.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence:
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Luo A, Li S, Wang X, Xie Z, Li S, Hua D. Cefazolin Improves Anesthesia and Surgery-Induced Cognitive Impairments by Modulating Blood-Brain Barrier Function, Gut Bacteria and Short Chain Fatty Acids. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:748637. [PMID: 34720997 PMCID: PMC8548472 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.748637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that anesthesia and surgery may induce gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis leads to imbalance in circulating contents of microbiota-derived metabolites and disrupts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The composition of gut microbiota may be influenced by various antibiotics. However, how perioperative use of antibiotics affects POCD needs more explorations. In the present study, we explored the effect of cefazolin, a common antibiotic used in perioperative period, on cognitive function, BBB integrity, gut bacteria and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a group of widely studied metabolites in aged mice, using 18-month-old male mice. Significant BBB disruptions and decreased levels of tight junction proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin (OCLN) were seen in the mice of POCD model. Cefazolin treatment attenuated these changes induced by anesthesia and surgery. Furthermore, cefazolin reversed the changes in several fecal bacteria (β-, γ/δ-, ε-Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) as determined by qPCR tests. Analysis of plasma SCFAs showed that almost all types of SCFAs were reduced in POCD and cefazolin administration reversed the changes in expression of the two most abundant SCFAs (acetic and propionic acids). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that cefazolin improved POCD. Mechanistically, cefazolin suppressed the disruption of BBB, gut microbiota or SCFAs, thereby ameliorating POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongyu Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lian X, Zhu Q, Sun L, Cheng Y. Effect of Anesthesia/Surgery on Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites and Their Relationship With Cognitive Dysfunction. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:655695. [PMID: 34483850 PMCID: PMC8416053 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.655695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is the decline in cognitive function of the central nervous system (CNS) after anesthesia/surgery. The present study explored whether anesthesia/surgery altered gut microbiota and fecal metabolites, examining their associations with risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. Methods: Sixteen-month-old C57BL/6 mice underwent abdominal surgery under isoflurane anesthesia to establish an animal model of POCD. The Morris water maze test (MWMT) was used as an indicator of memory after surgery. The effects of anesthesia/surgical interventions on gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, hippocampus, and serum levels of inflammatory factors were examined. Results: The anesthesia/surgery induced more serious POCD behavior, increasing brain interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β levels than sham control mice. The relative abundance of bacterial genera Bacteroidales_unclassified, Mucispirillum, and Clostridiales_unclassified declined, whereas that of Escherichia–Shigella, actinomyces, Ruminococcus_gnavus_group, and Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group were enriched after anesthesia/surgery compared to the baseline controls. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) showed that the metabolites differed between post-anesthesia+surgery (post_A + S) and baseline samples and were associated with the fecal metabolism of tryptophan, kynurenic acid, N-oleoyl γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 2-indolecarboxylic acid, and glutamic acid. Furthermore, the differential metabolites were associated with alterations in the abundance of specific bacteria. These results indicate that the POCD intervention may be achieved by targeting specific bacteria associated with neurotransmitter metabolism. Conclusions: A transient cognitive disturbance induced by anesthesia/surgery may be associated with unfavorable alterations in gut microbiota and fecal metabolites, thereby contributing to the POCD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qianmei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaozhong Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Divyashri G, Sadanandan B, Chidambara Murthy KN, Shetty K, Mamta K. Neuroprotective Potential of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: An Overview of Experimental Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:712531. [PMID: 34497516 PMCID: PMC8419344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.712531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) from dietary sources have the potential as prebiotics for neuroprotection. Globally, diverse populations suffering from one or the other forms of neurodegenerative disorders are on the rise, and NDOs have the potential as supportive complementary therapeutic options against these oxidative-linked disorders. Elevated levels of free radicals cause oxidative damage to biological molecules like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids associated with various neurological disorders. Therefore, investigating the therapeutic or prophylactic potential of prebiotic bioactive molecules such as NDOs as supplements for brain and cognitive health has merits. Few prebiotic NDOs have shown promise as persuasive therapeutic solutions to counter oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals directly or indirectly. Furthermore, they are also known to modulate through brain-derived neurotrophic factors through direct and indirect mechanisms conferring neuroprotective and neuromodulating benefits. Specifically, NDOs such as fructo-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides, manno-oligosaccharides, pectic-oligosaccharides, and similar oligosaccharides positively influence the overall health via various mechanisms. Increasing evidence has suggested that the beneficial role of such prebiotic NDOs is not only directed towards the colon but also distal organs including the brain. Despite the wide applications of these classes of NDOs as health supplements, there is limited understanding of the possible role of these NDOs as neuroprotective therapeutics. This review provides important insights into prebiotic NDOs, their source, and production with special emphasis on existing direct and indirect evidence of their therapeutic potential in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangaraju Divyashri
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bindu Sadanandan
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kotamballi N Chidambara Murthy
- Central Research Laboratory and Division of Research and Patents, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Kumari Mamta
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
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Lan J, Wang K, Chen G, Cao G, Yang C. Effects of inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide on diphenoxylate-induced constipation, gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids, and the intestinal flora in rats. Food Funct 2021; 11:9216-9225. [PMID: 33030479 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00865f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prebiotics inulin (INU) and isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) influence intestinal health and immunity, but their effects on constipation are not clearly established. We evaluated the effects of INU and IMO in a rat model of diphenoxylate-induced constipation. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups: basal diet (Con), 40 mg kg-1 diphenoxylate (PCon), 20 g kg-1 INU and treated with 40 mg kg-1 diphenoxylate, and 20 g kg-1 IMO and treated with 40 mg kg-1 diphenoxylate. INU and IMO increased the number, weight, and water content of fecal pellets, and decreased the time to the first black stool in rats with constipation. Serum levels of the gastrointestinal motility-related hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), motilin (MTL), and Substance P (SP) were higher and corticosterone (CORT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were lower in rats treated with prebiotics than in untreated rats. Colon tissue levels of MTL and SP were increased, and VIP and CGRP were decreased by prebiotics. Furthermore, in rats with constipation, INU and IMO increased the colonic contents of short-chain fatty acids. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was lower in the prebiotics groups than in the Con and PCon groups. Lactobacillus was more abundant in the INU and IMO groups than in PCon rats. Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus intestinalis were more abundant in the IMO group than in the PCon group (P < 0.01), and L. intestinalis was more abundant in the INU group than in the PCon group (P < 0.01). In summary, INU and IMO improved constipation and altered the intestinal microbiota in a rat model of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Kangli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Guangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Shen Y, Chen L, Zhang Y, Du J, Hu J, Bao H, Xing Y, Si Y. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome Ten Knockdown Attenuates Cognitive Deficits by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder. Neuroscience 2021; 468:199-210. [PMID: 34166762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a crucial regulator of neuronal development, neuronal survival, axonal regeneration, and synaptic plasticity. In this study we examined the potential role of PTEN in cognitive function in a mouse model of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND). Adult male C57BL/6J mice received intracerebroventricular injections of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against PTEN or control siRNA 3 days prior to exploratory laparotomy (n = 8 per group). A group of healthy mice not undergoing surgery included as additional control. Barnes maze and fear conditioning tests were conducted 7 days after surgery. Mice were then sacrificed to examine the expression of PTEN, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule (Iba)-1, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the hippocampus. The microglial activation was examined by immunohistochemistry using Iba-1 as a microglia maker. Nissl and terminal transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to measure cell death and apoptosis. In comparison to the healthy controls, surgically treated mice had longer latency to identify the target box in both training and testing sessions in the Barnes maze test and shorter freezing time in the fear conditioning test. Surgically treated mice had increased expression of PTEN, AMPK, Bax, IL-1β, and TNF-α, as well as increasing number of activated microglia and apoptosis neurons in the hippocampus. PTEN knockdown significantly attenuated the behavioral deficits in Barnes maze and fear conditioning tests, as well as over-expression of PTEN, AMPK, Bax, IL-1β, and TNF-α induced by surgery. PTEN knockdown could attenuate cognitive deficits induced by trauma, likely through inhibiting the activation of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanna Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China.
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Xu X, Wang K, Cao X, Li Z, Zhou Y, Ren J, Liu F. Gut Microbial Metabolite Short-Chain Fatt Acids Partially Reverse Surgery and Anesthesia-Induced Behavior Deficits in C57BL/6J Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:664641. [PMID: 34168535 PMCID: PMC8217457 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.664641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that damages of gut microbiota are strongly associated with central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). The present study investigated the role of gut microbial metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in surgery-induced cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. Adult male C57BL/6J mice received either SCFA mixture or saline orally for 4 weeks, and then partial hepatectomy was performed. The fecal supernatant of surgical mice was transplanted to normal mice for 3 weeks. The Morris water maze (MWM) and open-field tests were used to evaluate behavioral performance on postoperative or post-transplantation days 3 and 7. In the MWM test, pretreatment with exogenous SCFAs partially reversed surgery-induced impairments in crossing times and the time spent in the target quadrant on postoperative day 3 (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). In the open-field test, compared with the surgical mice, exogenous SCFA administration prior to surgery partially improved the locomotor activity (p < 0.05) and anxiety-like behavior (p < 0.05) on postoperative day 3. Surgical trauma and anesthesia enhanced ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) expression (p < 0.001), increased the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β (p < 0.001) and IL-6 (p < 0.001), and inhibited SCFA production (p < 0.001) on postoperative day 3. The expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also decreased (p < 0.001). Overall, surgical trauma and anesthesia exacerbated cognitive impairment, enhanced neuroinflammatory responses, and inhibited SCFA production. Pretreatment with SCFAs attenuated these effects partially by reversing microglial overactivation, inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses, and enhancing BDNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuezhao Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiancong Ren
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Danehower S. Targeting gut dysbiosis as a means to enhance recovery from surgical brain injury. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:210. [PMID: 34084637 PMCID: PMC8168676 DOI: 10.25259/sni_72_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical brain injury (SBI) impacts roughly 800,000 people who undergo neurosurgical procedures each year. SBI is the result of unavoidable parenchymal damage, vessel disruption, and thermal injury that is an inherent part of all neurosurgical procedures. Clinically, SBI has been associated with postoperative seizures and long-term neurobehavioral deficits. Current therapies are aimed at providing symptom relief by reducing swelling and preventing seizures. However, there are no therapies aimed at reducing the extent of SBI preoperatively. The microbiome-gut-brain axis may serve as a potential target for the development of new preventative therapies due to its extensive involvement in central nervous system function. Methods An extensive literature review was conducted to determine whether there is a potential role for dysbiosis treatment in reducing the extent of SBI. Results Treatment of gut dysbiosis deserves further exploration as a potential means of reducing the extent of unavoidable SBI. Dysbiosis has been correlated with increased neuroinflammation through impaired immune regulation, increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and increased production of reactive metabolites. Recently, dysbiosis has also been linked to acute neurological dysfunction in the postoperative state. Importantly, treatment of dysbiosis has been correlated with better patient outcomes and decreased length of stay in surgical patients. Conclusion Current literature supports the role of dysbiosis treatment in the preoperative setting as a means of optimizing neurological recovery following unavoidable SBI that results from all neurosurgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Danehower
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Liu T, Yin C, Li Y, Gao F, Yu L, Wang Z, Wang Q. Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Postoperative Cognitive Decline in Elderly Patients: A Pilot Study. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:757-765. [PMID: 33976542 PMCID: PMC8106456 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s309082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) in the old ages seriously delays the rapid recovery. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) against POCD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colon cancer surgery, as well as the potential mechanism. Methods A prospective, single-center, parallel-group, randomized trial was designed. A total of 100 patients (age ≥65 years) undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colon cancer were involved and randomly divided into TEAS (Group T) and control (Group C) groups. The patients in Group T were performed with percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation in bilateral Hegu, Neiguan and Zusanli points from 30 minutes before anesthesia induction to the end of surgery. A Z-score based on Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) was used to assess the incidence of POCD. The levels of serum IL-6, hs-CRP, CGRP at 0 min before TEAS (T0), 1 h after beginning of surgery (T1) and the end of surgery (T2) were evaluated. Results Our data showed that the cumulative duration of POCD on postoperative day 2 and 3 in Group T was significantly decreased compared to Group C (P < 0.05). Compared with T0, the levels of serum IL-6, hs-CRP, and CGRP in both Group T and C were statistically elevated at T1 and T2 (P < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of serum IL-6 and hs-CRP were decreased, but the level of CGRP was increased in Group T compared to Group C at T1 and T2 (P < 0.05). Conclusion TEAS is associated with a lower cumulative duration of POCD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colon cancer surgery, which may be related to the regulation of inflammatory factors and neuropeptides interacted with gut–brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiujun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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50
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Berding K, Carbia C, Cryan JF. Going with the grain: Fiber, cognition, and the microbiota-gut-brain-axis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:796-811. [PMID: 33641478 PMCID: PMC8719029 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221995785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy dietary intake has been acknowledged for decades as one of the main contributors to health. More recently, the field of nutritional psychiatry has progressed our understanding regarding the importance of nutrition in supporting mental health and cognitive function. Thereby, individual nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols, have been recognized to be key drivers in this relationship. With the progress in appreciating the influence of dietary fiber on health, increasingly research is focusing on deciphering its role in brain processes. However, while the importance of dietary fiber in gastrointestinal and metabolic health is well established, leading to the development of associated health claims, the evidence is not conclusive enough to support similar claims regarding cognitive function. Albeit the increasing knowledge of the impact of dietary fiber on mental health, only a few human studies have begun to shed light onto the underexplored connection between dietary fiber and cognition. Moreover, the microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a key conduit for the effects of nutrition on the brain, especially fibers, that are acted on by specific bacteria to produce a variety of health-promoting metabolites. These metabolites (including short chain fatty acids) as well as the vagus nerve, the immune system, gut hormones, or the kynurenine pathway have been proposed as underlying mechanisms of the microbiota-brain crosstalk. In this minireview, we summarize the evidence available from human studies on the association between dietary fiber intake and cognitive function. We provide an overview of potential underlying mechanisms and discuss remaining questions that need to be answered in future studies. While this field is moving at a fast pace and holds promise for future important discoveries, especially data from human cohorts are required to further our understanding and drive the development of public health recommendations regarding dietary fiber in brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Carina Carbia
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
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