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Bezerra TMDO, Xavier KVM, Luz ACDO, Cavalcanti IMF, Brito CAAD, Balbino TCL. Prevalence of cagA, cagM, vacA and oipA genes in isolates of Helicobacter pylori obtained from hospital patients in Northeast Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2631-2641. [PMID: 38802685 PMCID: PMC11405591 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer. It is estimated that around half of the world's population is infected with this pathogen, with underdeveloped countries reporting the highest frequencies. The genes cagA, cagM, vacA, and oipA are some of the most important virulence factors of H. pylori; however, there are no recent studies from Recife-PE demonstrating their frequency, and their relationship with severe gastric modifications. This work aims to use qualitative PCR to detect the virulence genes cagA, cagM, vacA, and oipA in H. pylori isolates obtained from patients in a public hospital in Recife (PE). We collected samples from the stomach's body and antrum of 147 patients, from which 71 (48%) tested positive for H. pylori. Among positive samples, the most frequently infected gender was female (44/71, 62%), and the most frequently infected age group was those above the age of 46 (31/71, 44%). Histological examination of H. pylori-positive samples revealed alterations other than chronic gastritis, including metaplasia and atrophy. The frequency of cagA, cagM, and oipA genes were identified in 84%, 56%, and 69% of the samples tested, respectively, as well as the vacA-s1m1 allelic combination (77%). However, there was no statistically significant variation in the occurrence of these genes, therefore they cannot be considered unique markers of severity in our setting. New research with larger samples and investigations of other genetic markers can aid uncover local risk factors and lead to a better understanding of H. pylori's pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaynara Millena de Oliveira Bezerra
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Institute Aggeu Magalhães (IAM), Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Keyla Vitória Marques Xavier
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Institute Aggeu Magalhães (IAM), Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Oliveira Luz
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Institute Aggeu Magalhães (IAM), Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Isabella Macário Ferro Cavalcanti
- Keizo AsamiInstitute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito
- Keizo AsamiInstitute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Autoimune Research Institute, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tereza Cristina Leal- Balbino
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Institute Aggeu Magalhães (IAM), Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Li C, He L, Wang A, Chen S, Fu P, Wang C. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from children in Shanghai, China (2019-2022). Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 315:151622. [PMID: 38776570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori strains poses a significant threat to children's health. This study investigated antibiotic resistance rates in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from children in Shanghai and analyzed the presence of virulence genes in these strains. METHODS We obtained 201 Helicobacter pylori strains from pediatric patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy between 2019 and 2022. Subsequently, we performed antibiotic susceptibility tests and virulence gene PCR assays on these strains. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori resistance rates of 45.8%, 15.4%, 1.0%, and 2.5% were detected for metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and levofloxacin, respectively. Among all isolates, 64.7% exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic. Resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin increased from 2019 to 2022. The predominant vacA gene subtype was vacA s1a/m2. The prevalence of vacA m2 and dupA exhibited an upward trend, while oipA presented a decreasing trend from 2019 to 2022. The prevalence of dupA was significantly higher in gastritis than peptic ulcer disease, and in non-treatment compared to treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance remains high in children and has risen in recent years. Therefore, the increasing use of metronidazole and clarithromycin requires increased monitoring in children. No association was observed between antibiotic resistance and virulence gene phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Li
- Lab of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Leiyan He
- Lab of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Lab of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Saige Chen
- Lab of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Fu
- Lab of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Nosocomial Infection Control Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanqing Wang
- Lab of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Nosocomial Infection Control Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
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Yakubu B, Appiah EM, Adu AF. Pangenome Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Selected Areas of Africa Indicated Diverse Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes. Int J Genomics 2024; 2024:5536117. [PMID: 38469580 PMCID: PMC10927345 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5536117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The challenge facing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection management in some parts of Africa is the evolution of drug-resistant species, the lack of gold standard in diagnostic methods, and the ineffectiveness of current vaccines against the bacteria. It is being established that even though clinical consequences linked to the bacteria vary geographically, there is rather a generic approach to treatment. This situation has remained problematic in the successful fight against the bacteria in parts of Africa. As a result, this study compared the genomes of selected H. pylori isolates from selected areas of Africa and evaluated their virulence and antibiotic drug resistance, those that are highly pathogenic and are associated with specific clinical outcomes and those that are less virulent and rarely associated with clinical outcomes. 146 genomes of H. pylori isolated from selected locations of Africa were sampled, and bioinformatic tools such as Abricate, CARD RGI, MLST, Prokka, Roary, Phandango, Google Sheets, and iTOLS were used to compare the isolates and their antibiotic resistance or susceptibility. Over 20 k virulence and AMR genes were observed. About 95% of the isolates were genetically diverse, 90% of the isolates harbored shell genes, and 50% harbored cloud and core genes. Some isolates did not retain the cagA and vacA genes. Clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, and tinidazole were resistant to most AMR genes (vacA, cagA, oip, and bab). Conclusion. This study found both virulence and AMR genes in all H. pylori strains in all the selected geographies around Africa with differing quantities. MLST, Pangenome, and ORF analyses showed disparities among the isolates. This in general could imply diversities in terms of genetics, evolution, and protein production. Therefore, generic administration of antibiotics such as clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin as treatment methods in the African subregion could be contributing to the spread of the bacterium's antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biigba Yakubu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edwin Moses Appiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Andrews Frimpong Adu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Javanbakhat P, Peeridogaheh H, Nemati R, Yazdanbod A, Teimourpour A, Sadeghnezhad M, Esmaelizad M, Teimourpour R. Exploring virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori isolated from gastric biopsy. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:192. [PMID: 38270789 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes human gastric mucosa and is classified as class one carcinogenic bacteria. In this regard, this study aimed to detect major virulence factors in H. pylori strains recovered from gastric biopsy in patients referred to Aras Clinique in Ardabil, northwest of Iran (2019-2021). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this descriptive-cross sectional study, 287 dyspeptic patients were included. For bacterial isolation, gastric biopsy specimens (n=287) were taken from gastric antrum, then aseptically were cultured on the selective medium and incubated at 37C in microaerophilic conditions for 3-5 days. RESULTS 25.18% of all (n = 70) patients were found to be infected with H. pylori upon endoscopy. Of them, 9 patients (12.857%) and 2 patients (2.875%) had peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer respectively. According to the different patterns of virulence factors, 57 virutypes were identified in which oipA-vacAs1-vacAm2 (3, 4.28% n =) and oipA-vacAs1-vacAs2-vacAm2 (3, 4.28% n =) were the most common patterns. The simultaneous presence of vacAS2, vacAm2 and hopQ2 genes was observed in both patients with gastric cancer. OipA (n = 562.5%), VacAs1 (n = 6.75%), VacAs2 (n = 6.75%), and VacAm2 (n = 787.5%) were found to be the most prevalent virulence factor. CONCLUSION According previous studies, it is confirmed that the cagPAI gene cluster and vacA gene alleles are strongly correlated with gastritis and gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinomas. Our study indicated that 50% of the indigenous strains of H. pylori harbor these oncogenic genes and they are hypervirulent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Javanbakhat
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hadi Peeridogaheh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Rasool Nemati
- Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abbas Yazdanbod
- Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amir Teimourpour
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Sadeghnezhad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Majid Esmaelizad
- Central Lab, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Teimourpour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Buyuk F, Karakaya E, Akar M, Kayman T, Tarhane S, Ozcan HE, Celebi O, Saticioglu IB, Anuk T, Abay S, Otlu S, Aydin F. A comprehensive study of Helicobacter pylori infection: molecular analysis, antibacterial susceptibility, and histopathological examination. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:1261-1273. [PMID: 37603113 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen associated with gastroduodenal diseases. This study aimed; (i) to investigate H. pylori presence by invasive tests in adult dyspeptic patients, (ii) to determine antibiotic susceptibility and genotypic characteristics of the H. pylori isolates, and (iii) to investigate the relationship between the H. pylori genotypes and the histopathological findings. In this cross-sectional study, gastric biopsy samples from 208 adult dyspeptic patients were used for culture, tissue Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and histopathological analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility of the H. pylori isolates was analyzed by gradient method. Analysis of the virulence genes was performed by monoplex PCR. Genetic profiles (from A to H) were created based on the virulence genes presence. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) was used for the genotyping of the H. pylori isolates. The mean age of the patients was 46 (± 15) years and 128 (61.5%) of them were female. H. pylori positivity was detected by culture, tissue PCR and histopathological examination in 59 (28.4%), 114 (54.8%) and 81 (38.9%) patients, respectively. The overall prevalence of H. pylori was found to be 63% (131/208). All H. pylori isolates were susceptible to tetracycline and amoxicillin. The resistance rates for metronidazole, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and rifampicin were 67.2%, 27.9%, 34.4% and 13.11%, respectively. Multi drug resistance (MDR) was detected at the rate of 45.9% (28/61). While the most common virulence gene was cagA (93.44%), the least common was vacAm1 (23%). The predominant genetic profile was profile A (47.5%). ERIC-PCR results revealed a total of 26 different patterns. A high prevalence of H. pylori was detected in adult dyspeptic patients as in developing countries. It was observed significant genotypic heterogeneity and virulence gene diversity within the isolates. A considerable resistance rate detected against antibiotics such as clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin, which are frequently used in the eradication of H. pylori, should be taken into consideration when creating regional empirical treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Buyuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye.
| | - Emre Karakaya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Akar
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Tuba Kayman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | - Serdal Tarhane
- Veterinary Department, Eldivan Vocational School of Health Services, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Türkiye
| | - Hacer Ece Ozcan
- Department of Medical Pathology, Mersin City Hospital, Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Ozgur Celebi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye
| | - Izzet Burcin Saticioglu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Turgut Anuk
- Department of General Surgery, Erzurum Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Secil Abay
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Salih Otlu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye
| | - Fuat Aydin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
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Archampong T, Tachi K, Duah A. A Review of Helicobacter pylori Diagnostics in Africa : From the Bedside to the Laboratory. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:977-982. [PMID: 37712767 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is endemic in Africa with a prevalence estimate of 79.1%. In addition, there is a significant community burden of dyspepsia in Africa, similar to other western countries. However, the majority of infected persons do not manifest the disease. In Africa, for instance, peptic ulcer disease is prevalent, whereas gastric cancer has reportedly low incidence. Therefore, it is important that testing is focused, targeting individuals most likely to benefit from treatment. In Africa, there are currently no guidelines for H. pylori testing and treatment. Empirical treatment is common due to variable access to diagnostics and health care. To assess the spectrum of H. pylori testing in Africa, we performed a literature search in PubMed over the past 10 years, 2013 to 2023. Histology was the most widely used modality in 16 out of 18 countries. Capacity for culture was shown in 11 studies, importantly across regions of Africa. H. pylori serology was demonstrated in 8 countries, although it has limited sensitivity in identifying active infection. H. pylori test-and-treat strategy has been shown to be cost-effective. Particularly in a region with high antibiotic resistance, adopting this strategy ensures that only confirmed positive patients are treated. Furthermore, test-of-cure ought to be mandatory to guide future therapies. Health authorities can leverage polymerase chain reaction facilities, left behind by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, to make molecular susceptibility testing available in the near future. A systematic approach to testing incorporating indication for endoscopy and medication use is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amoako Duah
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical Centre, Accra, Ghana
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Hua Z, Xu L, Zhu J, Xiao L, Lu B, Wu J, Wu Z, Zhou Q, Zhang J. Helicobacter pylori infection altered gastric microbiota in patients with chronic gastritis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1221433. [PMID: 37662018 PMCID: PMC10470091 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1221433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aims to investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection on gastric mucosal microbiota in patients with chronic gastritis. Methods Here recruited a population of 193 patients with both chronic gastritis and positive rapid urease, including 124 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and 69 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis (nCAG). Immunoblotting was used to detect four serum Hp antibodies (UreA, UreB, VacA and CagA) to determine the types of virulent Hp-I and avirulent Hp-II infections. Gastric microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region, and R software was used to present the relationship between the microbial characteristics and the type of Hp infection. Results In the stomach of patients with Hp-positive gastritis, the dominant gastric bacterial genera included Ralstonia (23.94%), Helicobacter (20.28%), Pseudonocardia (9.99%), Mesorhizobium (9.21%), Bradyrhizobium (5.05%), and Labrys (4.75%). The proportion of Hp-I infection was significantly higher in CAG patients (91.1%) than in nCAG patients (71.0%) (P < 0.001). The gastric microbiota richness index (observed OTUs, Chao) was significantly lower in CAG patients than in nCAG patients (P <0.05). Compared with avirulent Hp-II infection, virulent Hp-I infection significantly decreased the Shannon index in CAG patients (P <0.05). In nCAG patients, Hp-I infected patients had lower abundances of several dominant gastric bacteria (Aliidiomarina, Reyranella, Halomonas, Pseudomonas, Acidovorax) than Hp-II infected patients. Meanwhile, in CAG patients, Hp-I infected patients occupied lower abundances of several dominant oral bacteria (Neisseria, Staphylococcus and Haemophilus) than Hp-II infected patients. In addition, bile reflux significantly promoted the colonization of dominant oral microbiota (Veillonella, Prevotella 7 and Rothia) in the stomach of CAG patients. There was no significant symbiotic relationship between Helicobacter bacteria and non-Helicobacter bacteria in the stomach of nCAG patients, while Helicobacter bacteria distinctly linked with the non-Helicobacter bacteria (Pseudolabrys, Ralstonia, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium and Variovorax) in CAG patients. Conclusions Virulent Hp infection alters the gastric microbiota, reduces microbial diversity, and enhances the symbiotic relationship between the Helicobacter bacteria and non-Helicobacter bacteria in patients with chronic gastritis. The data provides new evidence for treating Hp infection by improving the gastric microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolai Hua
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Institute of Tumor Prevention and Control, People’s Hospital of Yangzhong City, Yangzhong, China
| | - Le Xu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Yangzhong City, Yangzhong, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qihai Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Bustos-Fraga S, Salinas-Pinta M, Vicuña-Almeida Y, de Oliveira RB, Baldeón-Rojas L. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori genotypes: cagA, vacA (m1), vacA (s1), babA2, dupA, iceA1, oipA and their association with gastrointestinal diseases. A cross-sectional study in Quito-Ecuador. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:197. [PMID: 37280541 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most prevalent stomach infection in the world is caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Several pathogenicity genes, including cagA, vacA, babA2, dupA, iceA, and oipA, are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal disease such as peptic ulcer and stomach cancer. This research aims to determine the prevalence of different H. pylori genotypes and correlate their risk in the development of gastrointestinal diseases in the Ecuadorian population. METHODS A cross-sectional research of 225 patients at the Calderón Hospital in Quito, Ecuador, was conducted. End point PCRs were run to determine the presence of 16S rRNA, cagA, vacA (m1), vacA (s1), babA2, dupA, iceA1, and oipA virulence genes. Chi-square test, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were utilized for the statistical analysis. RESULTS H. pylori infection was present in 62.7% of people. Peptic ulcers were seen in 22.2% and malignant lesions in 3.6% of patients. Genes oipA (93.6%), vacA (s1) (70.9%), and babA2 (70.2%) were the most prevalent. cagA/vacA (s1m1) and cagA/oipA (s1m1) combinations were found in 31.2% and 22.7% of the cases, respectively. Acute inflammation has a significant correlation with the genes cagA (OR = 4.96 95% CI: 1.1-22.41), babA2 (OR = 2.78 95% CI: 1.06-7.3), and the cagA/oipA combination (OR = 4.78, 95% CI: 1.06-21.62). Follicular hyperplasia was associated with iceA1 (OR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.2-8.16), babA2 (OR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.14-5.77), cagA (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.06-4.52), and the cagA/oipA combination (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.12-4.84). The vacA (m1) and vacA (s1m1) genes were associated with gastric intestinal metaplasia (OR = 2.71 95% CI: 1.17-6.29) (OR = 2.33 95% CI: 1.03-5.24). Finally, we showed that cagA/vacA (s1m1) gene combination increased the risk of duodenal ulcer development (OR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.10-7.58). CONCLUSION This study makes a significant contribution by offering genotypic information regarding H. pylori infection. The presence of several H. pylori genes was associated with the onset of gastrointestinal illness in the Ecuadorian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Bustos-Fraga
- Departamento de Gastroenterología Clínica, Hospital General Docente de Calderón, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marco Salinas-Pinta
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
| | | | | | - Lucy Baldeón-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Wang B, Gan Q, Tong Y, Qiao Y, Han M, Zhang R, Han Q, Li C, Bai S, Xu L, Yin Y, Zhang C, Munkhtsetseg B, Zhao X, Meng M, Xi R. A visual diagnostic detection of Helicobacter pylori and the gastric carcinoma-related virulence genes (cagA and vacA) by a fluorescent loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Talanta 2023; 256:124260. [PMID: 36640706 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has increasingly been a serious problem worldwide. The H. pylori infection can result in a series of stomach diseases including gastric carcinoma. There are two specific virulence genes (cagA and vacA) of H. pylori that are closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer, and the common molecular detection methods (PCR, qPCR) are not suitable for high-screening test due to the requirement of expensive instruments and well-trained personals. Herein, we develop a rapid visual assay based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detecting H. pylori and its major virulence genes (cagA, vacAs1 and vacAm1) to guide clinical treatment for H. pylori infection. In this research, a fluorescent LAMP assay was established by optimizing the indicator of MnCl2-Calcein, so that the resulted color and fluorescence changes could be utilized to perform the visual detection for H. pylori and its virulence genes with high sensitivity (10-3 ng/μL). The proposed LAMP assay is simple, fast (30 min) and capable in providing more sensitive results than traditional methods in the test of 46 clinical biopsy samples. By detecting the three virulence genes together, we can profile the infection risk of the patients, and discuss the correlation among the genes. Moreover, the method could be used to diagnose virulently infected individuals and benefit the eradication of H. pylori in early warning for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Qi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yue Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanqi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mengfan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruixiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Quansheng Han
- Shenzhen Zhonghe Headway Bio-Sci & Tech Co., Ltd., 6 Floor, Building R1-B, South District, High-tech Industrial Park, Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chuanbing Li
- Shenzhen Zhonghe Headway Bio-Sci & Tech Co., Ltd., 6 Floor, Building R1-B, South District, High-tech Industrial Park, Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Su Bai
- Shenzhen Zhonghe Headway Bio-Sci & Tech Co., Ltd., 6 Floor, Building R1-B, South District, High-tech Industrial Park, Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital; Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Baatar Munkhtsetseg
- Chemistry Department, Ulaanbaatar State University, Bayanzurkh district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Xiujie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Rimo Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Hassuna NA, Hussien SS, Abdelhakeem M, Aboalela A, Ahmed E, Abdelrahim SS. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) in Helicobacter pylori chronic infection. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e12951. [PMID: 36661205 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is linked with a wide variety of diseases and was reported in more than half of the world's population. Chronic H. pylori infection and its final clinical outcome depend mainly on the bacterial virulence factors and its ability to manipulate and adapt to human immune responses. Bregs blood levels have been correlated with increased bacterial load and infection chronicity, especially Gram-negative bacterial infection. This study aimed to identify prevalence and virulence factors of chronic H. pylori infection among symptomatic Egyptian patients and to examine its possible correlation to levels of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in blood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gastric biopsies and blood samples from each of 113 adult patients, who underwent upper endoscopy, were examined for the detection of H. pylori by culture and PCR methods. Conventional PCR was used to determine various virulent genes prevalence and association to clinical outcome. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate Bregs levels. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori prevalence was 49.1% (55/112). Regarding virulence genes incidence, flaA gene was detected in 73% (40/55), vir B11 in 56.4% (31/55), hopZ1 in 34.5% (19/55), hopZ2 in 89% (49/55), babA2 in 52.7% (29/55), dupA jhp917 in 61.8% (34/55), vacA m1/m2 in 70.9% (39/55), and vacA s1/s2 in 69% (38/55) strains. Bregs levels were significantly lower in H. pylori-infected patients (p = 0.013), while total leukocyte count (TLC) showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence was almost 49%, and the infection was found to be related to inflammatory conditions as gastritis and ulcers rather than malignant transformations. Also, we found that CD24+ CD38+ B cells were downregulated in H. pylori-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Hassuna
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Sahar Sh Hussien
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdelhakeem
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | | | - Elham Ahmed
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Soha S Abdelrahim
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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11
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Alarcón-Millán J, Bonilla-Delgado J, Fernández-Tilapa G, Nieto-Velázquez NG, Sierra-Martínez M, Alvarado-Castro VM, Cortés-Malagón EM. Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors and Clarithromycin Resistance-Associated Mutations in Mexican Patients. Pathogens 2023; 12:234. [PMID: 36839506 PMCID: PMC9959081 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important factor in gastric diseases. The vacA and cagA virulence factors of H. pylori contribute to the development of these diseases. Triple therapy containing clarithromycin has been used to eradicate this infection. Unfortunately, resistance to this antibiotic is the primary cause of treatment failure. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of clarithromycin resistance-associated mutations and to assess the relationship between virulence factors and Mexican patients infected with H. pylori. The cagA and vacA genotypes were determined by multiplex PCR. Furthermore, a qPCR was used to identify mutations of the 23S rRNA gene. This study reported a prevalence of 84.3% of H. pylori among patients with gastric diseases, and the vacA s1m1/cagA+ genotype was the most frequent (44.8%) in antrum and corpus. Analysis of the 23S rRNA gene revealed a 19.8% prevalence of clarithromycin resistance-associated mutations. The most prevalent mutations were A2143G (56%) and A2142C (25%). A significant association (p < 0.05) between the A2142G and the vacA s1m1/cagA+ genotype was detected. In conclusion, we report a high prevalence (>15%) of clarithromycin resistance-associated mutations, and we found an association between the genotypes of virulence factors and a mutation in the 23S rRNA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Alarcón-Millán
- Clinical Research Laboratory/Biomolecules Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Mexico
| | - José Bonilla-Delgado
- Departament of Biotechnology, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Toluca 50110, Mexico
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
| | - Gloria Fernández-Tilapa
- Clinical Research Laboratory/Biomolecules Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Mexico
| | | | - Mónica Sierra-Martínez
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
| | | | - Enoc Mariano Cortés-Malagón
- Research Division, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Genetic Laboratory, Hospital Nacional Homeopático, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
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12
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Shaaban SI, Talat D, Khatab SA, Nossair MA, Ayoub MA, Ewida RM, Diab MS. An investigative study on the zoonotic potential of Helicobacter pylori. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:16. [PMID: 36670434 PMCID: PMC9859744 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacterial infections and is widespread globally. It causes a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, though a great proportion of infections are asymptomatic. A total of 143 fresh stool samples were collected from apparently healthy farm and pet animals (43 cattle, 50 buffaloes, 50 sheep, 50 dogs, and 50 cats), in addition to 768 human stool samples. The samples were examined using stool antigen and rapid antibody tests, and further confirmation of glmM "human antigen-positive samples and animal milk samples" was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The prevalence rates of H. pylori infection in animals were 22.2% and 16% in antibody and stool antigen tests, respectively. The detection rates were 28%, 24%, 12%, 10%, and 4.7% in cats, dogs, buffaloes, sheep, and cattle, respectively. On the other hand, the prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in human stool samples was 74.8%, and a statistically significant association was observed between prevalence and several factors, such as sex, age, and locality. PCR was performed to detect the glmM gene of H. pylori, and this gene was found in 21 of 27 human antigen-positive samples and 5 of 13 animal milk samples. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori was detected in both human and animal samples. Furthermore, glmM was found in milk and human samples. Our findings suggest that pet and farm animals could transmit H. pylori infection to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah I. Shaaban
- grid.449014.c0000 0004 0583 5330Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Egypt
| | - Dalia Talat
- grid.449014.c0000 0004 0583 5330Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Shymaa A. Khatab
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Genetics and Genetic Engineering. Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Nossair
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mousa A. Ayoub
- grid.449014.c0000 0004 0583 5330Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Egypt
| | - Rania M. Ewida
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Food Hygiene (Milk Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Kharga Oasis, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Said Diab
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Kharga Oasis, Egypt
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13
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Roshrosh H, Rohana H, Azrad M, Leshem T, Masaphy S, Peretz A. Impact of Helicobacter pylori virulence markers on clinical outcomes in adult populations. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:190-199. [PMID: 36683715 PMCID: PMC9850954 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i1.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, associations between specific virulence markers of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastrointestinal disorders have been suggested.
AIM To investigate the presence of virulence factors including vacuolating cytotoxin A genotypes (s1m1, s1m2, s2m1, and s2m2), cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), and urease activity in H. pylori strains isolated from Arab and Jewish populations in northern Israel and to assess associations between these factors and patients’ demographics and clinical outcomes.
METHODS Patients (n = 108) who underwent gastroscopy at the Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya due to symptomatic gastroduodenal pathologies as part of H. pylori diagnosis were enrolled in the study. Gastric biopsy specimens were collected from the antrum of the stomach. Clinical condition was assessed by clinical pathology tests. Bacteria were isolated on modified BD Helicobacter Agar (BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD, United States). Bacterial DNA was extracted, and PCR was performed to detect CagA and vacuolating cytotoxin A genes. Urease activity was assessed using a rapid urease test.
RESULTS A significant correlation was found between disease severity and patient ethnicity (P = 0.002). A significant correlation was found between CagA presence and the s1m1 genotype (P = 0.02), which is considered the most virulent genotype. Further, a higher level of urease activity was associated with isolates originating from the Jewish population. Moreover, higher urease activity levels were measured among CagA-/s1m1 and CagA-/s2m2 isolates.
CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of incorporating molecular methods for detection of virulence markers of H. pylori in order to tailor optimal treatments for each patient. Further investigation should be performed regarding associations between H. pylori virulence factors and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halim Roshrosh
- Applied Mycology and Microbiology, Migal, Kiryat Shemona 1101202, Israel
| | - Hanan Rohana
- Department of Microbiology, Padeh Poriya Medical Center, Tiberias 111508, Israel
| | - Maya Azrad
- Department of Microbiology, Padeh Poriya Medical Center, Tiberias 111508, Israel
| | - Tamar Leshem
- Department of Microbiology, Padeh Poriya Medical Center, Tiberias 111508, Israel
| | - Segula Masaphy
- Applied Mycology and Microbiology, Migal, Kiryat Shemona 1101202, Israel
| | - Avi Peretz
- Department of Microbiology, Padeh Poriya Medical Center, Tiberias 111508, Israel
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Prevalence, Virulence Genes, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Helicobacter Species in Chicken Meat and Their Associated Environment at Retail Shops in Egypt. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131890. [PMID: 35804706 PMCID: PMC9265416 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Helicobacter pullorum (H. pullorum) are frequently reported pathogens in humans and poultry, respectively. Nevertheless, the source of H. pylori is still unclear. This study aimed to detect Helicobacter spp. in chicken carcasses and to assess the antibiogram and the virulence genes of Helicobacter isolates. Three hundred chicken meat samples (100 each of chicken breast, liver, and gizzard), besides 60 swab samples from chicken processing surfaces, were collected from retail shops in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt, and examined for the prevalence of H. pylori and H. pullorum. The 16S rRNA of three H. pylori and two H. pullorum isolates were sequenced to determine the genetic relationship between these two Helicobacter spp. Of the 300 chicken samples tested, 16 (5.33%) and 14 (4.67%) were positive for H. pylori and H. pullorum, respectively. Multiplex PCR revealed that the virulence genes vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA)s1, cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA), and restriction endonuclease-replacing gene A (hrgA) were detected in 66.7%, 77.8%, and 100% of H. pylori strains tested, respectively. H. pylori showed the highest resistance for clarithromycin, while H. pullorum exhibited the highest resistance towards erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. The study concluded that the chicken meat and giblets are potential sources of the virulent and antimicrobial-resistant strains of H. pylori of human origin.
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The validity evaluation of different 16srRNA gene primers for helicobacter detection urgently requesting to design new specific primers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10737. [PMID: 35750699 PMCID: PMC9232570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis of helicobacters by PCR is simpler, more accurate, and feasible compared to other diagnostic methods. Validity and accuracy are highly dependent on the PCR primer design, diffusion time, and mutation rate of helicobacters. This study aimed to design 16srRNA -specific primers for Helicobacter spp. and H. pylori. Application of comparative statistical analysis of the diagnostic utility of the most available 16srRNA genus-specific primers. The new primers were designed using bioinformatics tools (MAFFT MSA and Gblocks command line). A comparative study was applied on nine genus-specific 16srRNA primers in comparison to the ConsH using in silico and laboratory evaluation. The results demonstrated that the best specificity and sensitivity of the primers designed for this study compared to other primers. The comparative study revealed that the heminested outer/inner primers were the worst. Although H276, 16srRNA(a), HeliS/Heli-nest, and Hcom had acceptable diagnostic utility, false positive and false negative results were obtained. Specificity testing on clinical samples indicated a surprising result; that H. pylori was not the sole enemy that we were looking for, but the Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters should be considered as a real risk prognostic for gastric diseases, consequently, a specific diagnosis and treatment should be developed. This study concluded that our designed primers were the most specific and sensitive in comparison with other primers. In addition, in silico evaluation is not accurate enough for primer assessment and that the laboratory evaluation is mandatory.
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16
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Mehdipour A, Chaboki P, Rasouli Asl F, Aghaali M, Sharifinejad N, Shams S. Comparing the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and virulence factors cagA, vacA, and dupA in supra-gingival dental plaques of children with and without dental caries: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:170. [PMID: 35534888 PMCID: PMC9087938 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. Dental plaque is considered as a reservoir of this bacterium, which could play an important role in the development of gastrointestinal problems. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori and its virulence factors in dental plaques in children with and without dental caries. METHODS Among children aged 6 to 12 years, a total of 72 children were enrolled in the study, including 36 cases with total DMFT/dmft > 3 (case group) and 36 participants with total DMFT/dmft < 1 (control group). After removing supra-gingival plaques from the lower first permanent molar teeth, the samples were examined using PCR method for the presence of H. pylori and some of its virulence factors. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square, Fisher' exact test, t-tests, and logistic regression. RESULTS Of 72 participants, 40 cases were male, and 32 cases were female. The minimum and maximum values of total DMFT/dmft indices were zero and ten, respectively, and the mean ± SD value of total DMFT/dmft was 2.78 ± 3.22. Except for vegetable consumption (p = 0.045), there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding gastrointestinal disorders, feeding methods in infancy (p = 0.058), frequency of daily brushing (p = 0.808), frequency of dental visits (p = 0.101), and history of dental scaling (p = 0.246) and professional topical fluoride therapy (p = 0.5). Out of 72 samples, 15 cases were positive for H. pylori DNA (20.8%), and there was no significant association between the presence of this bacterium in dental plaque and dental caries (p = 0.281). The frequency of virulence factors detected in 15 H. pylori cases was as follows: cagA in six cases (40.0%), vacAm1 in three cases (20.0%), and vacAs1 in one case (6.7%). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the prevalence of virulence factors. CONCLUSION Our results indicate the presence of H. pylori along with some virulence factors in dental plaques as a reservoir of this bacterium in children in Iran. Although there was no significant association between this bacterium and the incidence of dental caries, dental health in children needs to be seriously taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mehdipour
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Parisa Chaboki
- Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rasouli Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aghaali
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Negar Sharifinejad
- Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Saeed Shams
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Antigen Pattern in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Patients and The Level of Some Inflammatory Cytokines Compared with Non-infected Individuals. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm-121144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The worldwide prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is about 50%. This bacterium needs a number of virulence factors for pathogenesis. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of virulence genes (ureB, cytotoxin-associated gene A [cagA], and vacuolating cytotoxin [vacA]), as well as the antigenic profile in H. pylori strains. Methods: Eighty-five patients with abdominal pain, including 46 H. pylori-positive and 39 H. pylori-negative cases, were enrolled in this study. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17F, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon γ (IFN-γ) cytokines were measured by multiplex kits and flow cytometry. After molecular identification by the ureC gene, vacA, cagA, and ureB genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, after antigenic extraction, the whole-cell protein was exhibited by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results: The prevalence of vacA, ureB, and cagA genes were 91.3%, 67.39%, and 50%, respectively. The frequency of genes and cell surface antigens were not significantly different based on the gastritis severity (P > 0.05). IL-17F significantly (P = 0.046) increased in the presence of 19.5 kDa (outer membrane protein [OMP]). Moreover, the OMP antigen significantly enhanced immunoglobulin A (IgA; P = 0.013). In the presence of the 66-kDa (ureB) antigen, the serum level of IFN-γ increased (p = 0.041). Finally, the CagA protein led to increased IgG antibody levels (p = 0.027). Conclusions: Early detection of H. pylori infection can play a crucial role in managing it. Our results suggest that IL-17F, TNF-α, and IFN-γ cytokines could be diagnostic markers. However, further studies are required to fully investigate this suggestion.
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18
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Sharndama HC, Mba IE. Helicobacter pylori: an up-to-date overview on the virulence and pathogenesis mechanisms. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:33-50. [PMID: 34988937 PMCID: PMC8731681 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is an organism associated with ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The latter is one of the most prevalent malignancies and currently the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The pathogen infects about 50% of the world population, and currently, no treatment ensures its total elimination. There has been an increase in our understanding of the pathophysiology and pathogenesis mechanisms of H. pylori over the years. H. pylori can induce several genetic alterations, express numerous virulence factors, and trigger diverse adaptive mechanisms during its adherence and colonization. For successful colonization and infection establishment, several effector proteins/toxins are released by the organism. Evidence is also available reporting spiral to coccoid transition as a unique tactic H. pylori uses to survive in the host's gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Thus, the virulence and pathogenicity of H. pylori are under the control of complex interplay between the virulence factors, host, and environmental factors. Expounding the role of the various virulence factors in H. pylori pathogenesis and clinical outcomes is crucial for vaccine development and in providing and developing a more effective therapeutic intervention. Here we critically reflect on H. pylori infection and delineate what is currently known about the virulence and pathogenesis mechanisms of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ifeanyi Elibe Mba
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria.
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19
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Hallur V, Panigrahi M, Sable M, Ghosh M, Mohanty S, Purkait S, Praharaj A. Low clarithromycin resistance in virulent Helicobacter pylori from dyspeptic patients at a tertiary care centre in Odisha. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 40:211-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Sultan AM, Shenouda R, Sultan AM, Shehta A, Nabiel Y. The Relation Between Host TLR9 -1486T/C, rs187084 Gene Polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori cagA, sodB, hsp60, and vacA Virulence Genes among Gastric Cancer Patients. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:35-42. [PMID: 35635169 PMCID: PMC9152911 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
To identify the associations between different genotypes of TLR9 -1486T/C (rs187084) with gastric cancer patients and reveal their relation to Helicobacter pylori virulence genes (cagA, sodB, hsp60 and vacA). Patients with gastric cancer were recruited to our study, diagnosed both endoscopically and histopathologically. H. pylori were isolated from gastric samples by culture and PCR amplification of the glmM gene. Virulence genes cagA, sodB, hsp60, and vacA were detected by multiplex PCR. Blood samples were used for genotyping of TLR9 -1486T/C (rs187084) by PCR-RFLP. Out of 132 patients with gastric cancer, 106 (80.3%) were positive for H. pylori. A similar number of healthy participants was recruited as controls. The prevalence of cagA, sodB, hsp60, and vacA genes among H. pylori was 90.6%, 70.8%, 83.0%, and 95.3%, respectively. The vacA gene alleles had a prevalence of 95.3% for vacAs1/s2, 52.8% for vacAm1, and 42.5% for vacAm2. The CC genotype of TLR9 -1486T/C had a significantly higher frequency in gastric cancer patients when compared to healthy participants (p = 0.045). Furthermore, the CC genotype demonstrated a significant association with H. pylori strains carrying sodB, hsp60, and vacAm1 virulence genes (p = 0.021, p = 0.049, and p = 0.048 respectively). Patients with CC genotype of TLR9 -1486T/C (rs187084) might be at higher risk for the development of gastric cancer, and its co-existence with H. pylori strains carrying sodB, hsp60, or vacAm1 virulence genes might have a synergistic effect in the development of gastric cancer. Further studies on a wider scale are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M. Sultan
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ragy Shenouda
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ahmad M. Sultan
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shehta
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Yasmin Nabiel
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
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21
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Zhu X, Zhao Y, Zhu C, Wang Y, Liu Y, Su J. Rapid detection of cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori based on duplex recombinase aided amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick assay. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 103:115661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Sekar R, Dhayashankar PS, Mathivanan A, Mahabob N, Rao JKD, Mohsin SF. Evaluating CagA and VacA Oncoproteins of Helicobacter pylori in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S1564-S1568. [PMID: 35018030 PMCID: PMC8687009 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_289_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders such as leukoplakia, lichenplanus, Oral Submucous Fibrosis are most commonly encountered precancerous lesions in India. Although, usage of smoking tobacco has been decreased yet incidence of oral cancer seems to be in increasing trend. Apart from tobacco many non-tobacco causes are associated with the disease. Helicobacter pylori is a curved, flagellated bacterium that has been declared as group I carcinogen by WHO. They are proven causative agent for gastric carcinoma. They have been shown to harbour oral cavity by many authours. They produce onco-protein that causes DNA damage. CagA and VacA are such proteins that modulate certain oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. In this study we have identified the organism from sub gingival plaque by PCR and those who harboured the organism were further subjected for identification of oncoproteins CagA and VacA by ELISA. This study shows that presence of organism in Oral leucoplakia, oral lichenplanus and Oral Submucous Fibrosis are statistically significant in comparison to control group (p>0.05). The presence of oncoproteins was also statistically significant in comparison to control group. These proteins are shown to accelerate inflammatory pathway thereby hasten the process of tumorigenesis. H.pylori infection as well the virulent strains can be diagnosed from oral cavity in the most non-invasive way at the earliest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Sekar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Meenakshi Dental College and Hospital, Maduravayil, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhu Shankar Dhayashankar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Maduravayil, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Prabhu Shankar Dhayashankar, Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai - 600 078, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
| | - Abirami Mathivanan
- Department of Prosthodontics, RVS Dental College and Hospital, Sulur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nazargi Mahabob
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences. College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, KSA
| | | | - Syed Fareed Mohsin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences. College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Ar Rass, KSA
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Alexander SM, Retnakumar RJ, Chouhan D, Devi TNB, Dharmaseelan S, Devadas K, Thapa N, Tamang JP, Lamtha SC, Chattopadhyay S. Helicobacter pylori in Human Stomach: The Inconsistencies in Clinical Outcomes and the Probable Causes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713955. [PMID: 34484153 PMCID: PMC8416104 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic potentials of the gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, have been proposed, evaluated, and confirmed by many laboratories for nearly 4 decades since its serendipitous discovery in 1983 by Barry James Marshall and John Robin Warren. Helicobacter pylori is the first bacterium to be categorized as a definite carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization (WHO). Half of the world’s population carries H. pylori, which may be responsible for severe gastric diseases like peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. These two gastric diseases take more than a million lives every year. However, the role of H. pylori as sole pathogen in gastric diseases is heavily debated and remained controversial. It is still not convincingly understood, why most (80–90%) H. pylori infected individuals remain asymptomatic, while some (10–20%) develop such severe gastric diseases. Moreover, several reports indicated that colonization of H. pylori has positive and negative associations with several other gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI diseases. In this review, we have discussed the state of the art knowledge on “H. pylori factors” and several “other factors,” which have been claimed to have links with severe gastric and duodenal diseases. We conclude that H. pylori infection alone does not satisfy the “necessary and sufficient” condition for developing aggressive clinical outcomes. Rather, the cumulative effect of a number of factors like the virulence proteins of H. pylori, local geography and climate, genetic background and immunity of the host, gastric and intestinal microbiota, and dietary habit and history of medicine usage together determine whether the H. pylori infected person will remain asymptomatic or will develop one of the severe gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deepak Chouhan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India.,Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | | | - Krishnadas Devadas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, India
| | - Namrata Thapa
- Biotech Hub, Department of Zoology, Nar Bahadur Bhandari Degree College, Gangtok, India
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Predicting the role of dupA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains in severe gastrointestinal disorders: An updated meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Smith SI, Ajayi A, Jolaiya T, Onyekwere C, Setshedi M, Schulz C, Otegbayo JA, Ndip R, Dieye Y, Alboraie M, Ally R, Gunturu R, Hyasinta J, Ugiagbe R, Ndububa D, Arigbabu A. Helicobacter pylori Infection in Africa: Update of the Current Situation and Challenges. Dig Dis 2021; 40:535-544. [PMID: 34380131 DOI: 10.1159/000518959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) in Africa remains high with varying levels of prevalence among children and adults reported in different regions of the continent. Persistent and uneradicated HPI could result in gastric cancer, although less severe pathological outcomes have been reported among Africans - the so-called "African enigma." SUMMARY Analysis of endoscopic findings of the upper gastrointestinal tract demonstrates similarities with that of patients from the West. Thus, it could be asserted that the true picture of HPI in Africa is yet to be unveiled due to several challenges including inadequate health-care system, lack of treatment guidelines and standardized protocol for diagnosis, and lack of data. This review explores the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and health-care system in Africa as it relates to HPI, thus providing an update and highlighting the need for an African HPI guideline. KEY MESSAGES There is high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) in Africa with an increasing burden of antibiotic resistance. Various methods including invasive and noninvasive methods are deployed in the diagnosis of HPI in Africa. There is a need for consensus on diagnosis and treatment of HPI in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Ifeanyi Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Microbiology, Mountain Top University, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - Abraham Ajayi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Charles Onyekwere
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Mashiko Setshedi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Medicine 2, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Roland Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Yakhya Dieye
- Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reidwaan Ally
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Revathi Gunturu
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jaka Hyasinta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Rose Ugiagbe
- Department of Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Dennis Ndububa
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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26
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Li Y, Lin R, Jin Y, Jin S, Chen B, Wu X. Genotyping Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance - and virulence-associated genes in patients with gastric cancer in Wenzhou, China. Arab J Gastroenterol 2021; 22:267-271. [PMID: 34120851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Helicobacter pylori infection affects approximately 50% of the global population and has become a serious health concern related to gastric cancer, gastritis, and peptic ulcers. This organism acquires drug resistance through gene mutations, and its increasing resistance to antibiotics has severely influenced the effectiveness of eradication efforts. Therefore, we designed this study to determine the prevalence of H. pylori virulence- (cagA and vacA) and antibiotic resistance - associated genotypes in patients with gastric cancer infected with H. pylori in Whenzhou, China. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm H. pylori in cancerous and paracancerous tissue specimens from 225 patients. Then we tested the prevalence of virulence- and antibiotic resistance - associated genotypes in H. pylori using a PCR-based DNA-sequencing assay. RESULTS We observed H. pylori DNA in 222 of the 225 patients and found the most prevalent virulence-associated genotypes in cagA+ (97.75%) and vacAs1m1 (93.25%). Metronidazole resistance - associated gene mutation was G616A in rdxA; levofloxacin resistance - associated gene mutations were N87K, N87I, and D91G in gyrA; clarithromycin resistance - associated gene mutations were A2143G and A2142G in 23SrRNA; and amoxicillin resistance - associated gene mutation was T556S in pbp1. The most prevalent mutation related to antibiotic resistance was present in rdxA (97.30%), followed by gyrA (41.44%) and 23SrRNA (16.67%); the least prevalent was in pbp1 (2.25%). We observed single-gene mutations in 102 patients (45.95%) and found mutations in multiple genes (≥2 genes) in 116 patients (52.25%). CONCLUSION Patients with gastric cancer in Wenzhou, China, have high incidence infection caused by H. pylori with high-toxicity virulence genotypes. The frequency of gene mutations associated with metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin resistances was high and that associated with amoxicillin resistance was relatively low. The mutation patterns were diverse, and the rates of multiple gene mutations were high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rixu Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuqing Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiuling Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Chen TH, Cheng HT, Yeh CT. Epidemiology changes in peptic ulcer diseases 18 years apart explored from the genetic aspects of Helicobacter pylori. Transl Res 2021; 232:115-120. [PMID: 33352297 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of peptic ulcer diseases has decreased over the past decades. The contribution of Helicobacter pylori to these changes has not been clearly delineated. Two cohorts of patients receiving esophagogastroduodenoscopy examination together with urease test were enrolled, 1 from year 2001 (n = 1030), the other from year 2019 (n = 600). The prevalence changes of peptic ulcer diseases as well as the associated clinical factors were analyzed. An independent cohort of gastric biopsy samples (n = 151) positive for H. pylori were retrieved for ureC gene genotype analysis. Comparison between the patients recruited from 2001 and 2019 revealed significant decrease in H. pylori infection (P < 0.001), duodenal ulcer prevalence (P < 0.001) and gastric ulcer prevalence (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the decreases of these factors were independent (adjusted P < 0.001 for all). Intriguingly, in H. pylori positive patients, the prevalence of duodenal ulcer still decreased with year (P < 0.001), which was not found in gastric ulcer (P = 0.345). Genetic analysis of H. pylori urease gene showed that MboI-restriction fragment length polymorphism-defined genotype 3 UreC was significantly more prevalent in gastric ulcer patients than in others (P = 0.022). Independent decreases of H. pylori infection, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer over decades were found. In H. pylori positive patients, duodenal ulcer prevalence decreased overtime while gastric ulcer prevalence remained unchanged. Gastric ulcer/cancer had a higher prevalence of MboI-defined genotype 3 UreC gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases
| | - Hao-Tsai Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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28
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Rasi-Bonab F, Jafari-Sales A, Shaverdi MA, Navidifar T, Saki M, Ghorbani A, Adekanmbi AO, Jafari B, Naebi S. Antibiotic resistance pattern and frequency of cagA and vacA genes in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients in Tabriz city, Iran. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:216. [PMID: 34059110 PMCID: PMC8165783 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common causes of gastric infections in humans. It is estimated that approximately 50% of people around the world are infected with this bacterium. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern, as well as the frequency of cagA and vacA genes in H. pylori isolates obtained from patients in the clinical centers in Tabriz city, Iran. Results The culture method detected 100 (45.25%) H. pylori isolates from 221 biopsy samples during 3 years. The results showed that 63% and 81% of the isolates were positive for cagA and vacA genes, respectively. The highest resistance of isolates was seen against metronidazole (79%) and amoxicillin (36%), respectively. Also, the isolates showed the least resistance to tetracycline (8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Rasi-Bonab
- Department of Microbiology, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Jafari-Sales
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amin Shaverdi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran. .,Khuzestan Blood Transfusion Center, Abadan, Iran.
| | | | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Atosa Ghorbani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abimbola Olumide Adekanmbi
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Behboud Jafari
- Department of Microbiology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Sara Naebi
- Department of Microbiology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
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Baj J, Forma A, Sitarz M, Portincasa P, Garruti G, Krasowska D, Maciejewski R. Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors-Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity in the Gastric Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 10:E27. [PMID: 33375694 PMCID: PMC7824444 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer constitutes one of the most prevalent malignancies in both sexes; it is currently the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is associated with the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, among which infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is of major importance. The invasion, survival, colonization, and stimulation of further inflammation within the gastric mucosa are possible due to several evasive mechanisms induced by the virulence factors that are expressed by the bacterium. The knowledge concerning the mechanisms of H. pylori pathogenicity is crucial to ameliorate eradication strategies preventing the possible induction of carcinogenesis. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and the most recent findings regarding H. pylori virulence factors and their relationship with gastric premalignant lesions and further carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Sitarz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Danuta Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology of Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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Alam J, Sarkar A, Karmakar BC, Ganguly M, Paul S, Mukhopadhyay AK. Novel virulence factor dupA of Helicobacter pylori as an important risk determinant for disease manifestation: An overview. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4739-4752. [PMID: 32921954 PMCID: PMC7459207 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i32.4739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophilic, Gram-negative, human gastric pathogen found usually in the mucous lining of stomach. It infects more than 50% of the world’s population and leads to gastroduodenal diseases. The outcome of disease depends on mainly three factors: Host genetics, environment and bacterial factors. Among these, bacterial virulence factors such as cagA, vacA are well known for their role in disease outcomes. However, based on the global epidemiological results, none of the bacterial virulence (gene) factors was found to be associated with particular diseases like duodenal ulcer (DU) in all populations. Hence, substantial importance has been provided for research in strain-specific genes outside the cag pathogenicity island, especially genes located within the plasticity regions. dupA found within the plasticity regions was first demonstrated in 2005 and was proposed for duodenal ulcer development and reduced risk of gastric cancer in certain geographical regions. Due to the discrepancies in report from different parts of the world in DU development related to H. pylori virulence factor, dupA became an interesting area of research in elucidating the role of this gene in the disease progression. In this review, we shed light on the detailed information available on the polymorphisms in dupA and their clinical relevance. We have critically appraised several pertinent studies on dupA and discussed their merits and shortcomings. This review also highlights dupA gene as an important biomarker for DU in certain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawed Alam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Avijit Sarkar
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Bipul Chandra Karmakar
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Mou Ganguly
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Sangita Paul
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Asish K Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
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Deng L, He XY, Tang B, Xiang Y, Yue JJ. An improved quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technology for Helicobacter pylori detection in stomach tissue and its application value in clinical precision testing. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:33. [PMID: 32571272 PMCID: PMC7310109 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a serious human health threat. The empiric H. pylori treatment paradigm guided by traditional testing technologies has led to antibiotic resistance. Here, we improved the qPCR method to provide technical support for precision H. pylori diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Two pairs of primers and probes targeting the glmM gene were designed to detect H. pylori, and a multiplex qPCR method was established for virulence factor detection. Then, a rapid urease test (RUT), culturing and qPCR were performed on 141 specimens collected from Xinqiao Hospital of China in 2017 to evaluate the qPCR detection capability. Finally, the H. pylori infectious amount and virulence genes were detected by qPCR. RESULTS 1. The improved qPCR method which used two pairs of primers had a higher detection rate (100%) and better accuracy (p = 0.000), compared with the qPCR using a pair of primers. It also had better consistency with the bacterial culture than with RUT (Kappa =0.440, p < 0.001). 2. The H. pylori infectious amount was significantly positively associated with gastritis in corpus (p = 0.003) and gastric erosion (p = 0.043). The H. pylori infectious amount in gastric precancerous patients was significantly lower than that in H. pylori-positive patients (p < 0.05), and the infectious H. pylori-vacA s1+ amount was significantly greater than that of H. pylori-vacA s1- (p < 0.05). 3. The vacA s1 frequency was significantly higher than that of vacA m1/cagA+/babA2+ in chronic superficial gastritis (p = 0.000), peptic ulcer (p = 0.037) and gastric erosion (p = 0.009). The H. pylori-vacA+/cagA+/babA2+ frequency showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The H. pylori infectious amount and presence of H. pylori virulence factors showed complex correlations with gastric disease occurrence and development. The improved qPCR with good detection performance can be used for quantitative H. pylori detection and testing for the virulence genes vacA s1, vacA m1, cagA and babA2 simultaneously. These findings will provide valuable information for disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Deng
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yi He
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Digestive Disease Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Yue
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Helicobacter pylori Infection, Virulence Genes' Distribution and Accompanying Clinical Outcomes: The West Africa Situation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7312908. [PMID: 31886245 PMCID: PMC6925786 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7312908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Data on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and virulence factors in countries across West Africa are scattered. This systematic review seeks to present an update on the status of H. pylori infection focusing on prevalence rate, distribution of virulent genes, and their link to clinical outcomes across countries in the western part of Africa. This information is expected to broaden the knowledge base of clinicians and researchers regarding H. pylori infection and associated virulence factors in West African countries. Search Method. A comprehensive search of the scientific literature in PubMed and ScienceDirect was conducted using the search terms including “Helicobacter pylori infection in West Africa”. Databases were sourced from January 1988 to December 2018. Results. Data on the incidence of H. pylori infection and related pathological factors were found for some countries, whereas others had no information on it. Smoking, alcohol, exposure to high levels of carcinogens and diet were reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal diseases and gastric cancer. Besides the environmental factors and genetic characteristics, there are important characteristics of H. pylori such as the ability to infect, replicate, and persist in a host that have been associated with the pathogenesis of various gastroduodenal diseases. Concluding Remarks. This systematic search has provided information so far available on H. pylori virulence factors and clinical outcomes in West Africa. Accordingly, this piece has identified gaps in the body of knowledge highlighting the need for more studies to clarify the role of H. pylori virulence factors and associated clinical outcomes in the burden of this bacterial infection in West Africa, as data from these countries do not give the needed direct relation.
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Antibiotic Resistance and Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori Strains in Patients with Gastroduodenal Disease in Southeast Poland. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071071. [PMID: 31330898 PMCID: PMC6678771 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate genetic diversity of Helicobacter pylori virulence markers to predict clinical outcome as well as to determine an antibiotic susceptibility of H. pylori strains in Poland. Gastric biopsies from 132 patients with gastrointestinal disorders were tested for presence of H. pylori with the use of rapid urease test, microbial culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. The genetic diversity of 62 H. pylori positive samples was evaluated by detection of cagA and PCR-typing of vacA and iceA virulence-associated genes. Most common H. pylori genotypes were cagA(+)vacAs1m2 (27.4%) and cagA(−)vacAs2m2 (24.2%). In logistic regression analysis, we recognized the subsequent significant associations: gastritis with ureC, i.e., H. pylori infection (p = 0.006), BMI index (p = 0.032); and negatively with iceA1 (p = 0.049) and peptic ulcer with cagA (p = 0.018). Thirty-five H. pylori strains were cultured and tested by E-test method showing that 49% of strains were resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics. This is the first study that reports the high incidence and diversity of allelic combination of virulence genes in gastroduodenitis patients in Poland. Genotyping of H. pylori strains confirmed the involvement of cagA gene and vacAs1m1 genotype in development and severity of gastric disorder.
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