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Tan H, Du XH, Bonito G, Masaphy S. Editorial: Morels: physiology, genetics, and interactions with the environment. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1352719. [PMID: 38260895 PMCID: PMC10801053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1352719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tan
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi-Hui Du
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Segula Masaphy
- Applied Mycology and Microbiology Department, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, and Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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Roshrosh H, Rohana H, Azrad M, Leshem T, Masaphy S, Peretz A. Impact of Helicobacter pylori virulence markers on clinical outcomes in adult populations. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:190-199. [PMID: 36683715 PMCID: PMC9850954 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i1.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, associations between specific virulence markers of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastrointestinal disorders have been suggested.
AIM To investigate the presence of virulence factors including vacuolating cytotoxin A genotypes (s1m1, s1m2, s2m1, and s2m2), cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), and urease activity in H. pylori strains isolated from Arab and Jewish populations in northern Israel and to assess associations between these factors and patients’ demographics and clinical outcomes.
METHODS Patients (n = 108) who underwent gastroscopy at the Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya due to symptomatic gastroduodenal pathologies as part of H. pylori diagnosis were enrolled in the study. Gastric biopsy specimens were collected from the antrum of the stomach. Clinical condition was assessed by clinical pathology tests. Bacteria were isolated on modified BD Helicobacter Agar (BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD, United States). Bacterial DNA was extracted, and PCR was performed to detect CagA and vacuolating cytotoxin A genes. Urease activity was assessed using a rapid urease test.
RESULTS A significant correlation was found between disease severity and patient ethnicity (P = 0.002). A significant correlation was found between CagA presence and the s1m1 genotype (P = 0.02), which is considered the most virulent genotype. Further, a higher level of urease activity was associated with isolates originating from the Jewish population. Moreover, higher urease activity levels were measured among CagA-/s1m1 and CagA-/s2m2 isolates.
CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of incorporating molecular methods for detection of virulence markers of H. pylori in order to tailor optimal treatments for each patient. Further investigation should be performed regarding associations between H. pylori virulence factors and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halim Roshrosh
- Applied Mycology and Microbiology, Migal, Kiryat Shemona 1101202, Israel
| | - Hanan Rohana
- Department of Microbiology, Padeh Poriya Medical Center, Tiberias 111508, Israel
| | - Maya Azrad
- Department of Microbiology, Padeh Poriya Medical Center, Tiberias 111508, Israel
| | - Tamar Leshem
- Department of Microbiology, Padeh Poriya Medical Center, Tiberias 111508, Israel
| | - Segula Masaphy
- Applied Mycology and Microbiology, Migal, Kiryat Shemona 1101202, Israel
| | - Avi Peretz
- Department of Microbiology, Padeh Poriya Medical Center, Tiberias 111508, Israel
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Orlofsky E, Zabari L, Bonito G, Masaphy S. Changes in soil bacteria functional ecology associated with Morchella rufobrunnea fruiting in a natural habitat. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6651-6662. [PMID: 34327796 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Morchella rufobrunnea is a saprobic edible mushroom, found in a range of ecological niches, indicating nutritional adjustment to different habitats and possible interaction with soil prokaryotic microbiome (SPM). Using the 16S rRNA gene, we examined the SPM of M. rufobrunnea that appeared in a natural habitat in Northern Israel. Three sample types were included: bare soil without mushroom, soil beneath young mushroom initials and soil beneath the mature fruiting body. Morchella rufobrunnea developmental stage was significantly associated with changes in bacterial populations (PERMANOVA, p < 0.0005). Indicator analysis with point-biserial correlation coefficient found 180 operational taxonomic units (OTU) uniquely associated with distinct stages of development. The Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxonomy (FAPROTAX) database helped to infer ecological roles for indicator OTU. The functional ecological progression begins with establishment of a photoautotrophic N-fixing bacterial mat on bare soil. Pioneer heterotrophs including oligotrophs, acidifying nutrient mobilizers and nitrifiers are congruent with appearance of young M. rufobrunnea initials. Under the mature fruiting body, the population changed to saprobes, organic-N degraders, denitrifiers, insect endosymbionts and fungal antagonists. Based on this work, M. rufobrunnea may be able to influence SPM and change the soil nutritional profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Orlofsky
- Applied Mycology and Microbiology, Migal, Kiryat Shemona, 11016, Israel
| | - Limor Zabari
- Applied Mycology and Microbiology, Migal, Kiryat Shemona, 11016, Israel
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Segula Masaphy
- Applied Mycology and Microbiology, Migal, Kiryat Shemona, 11016, Israel.,Tel Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shemona, 12210, Israel
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Vanti GL, Kurjogi M, Basavesha K, Teradal NL, Masaphy S, Nargund VB. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of solanum torvum mediated silver nanoparticle against Xxanthomonas axonopodis pv.punicae and Ralstonia solanacearum. J Biotechnol 2020; 309:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Vanti GL, Masaphy S, Kurjogi M, Chakrasali S, Nargund VB. Synthesis and application of chitosan-copper nanoparticles on damping off causing plant pathogenic fungi. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 156:1387-1395. [PMID: 31760011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Damping-off disease in seeds and young seedlings in agricultural crops is a major fungal disease that limits the agriculture production. Frequent use of synthetic fungicides against damping-off diseases is known to hamper the environmental balance. Thus, an alternative approach needs to be explored for the management of such economically important fungal diseases. In the present study, simple, economically feasible chitosan-coupled copper nanoparticles (Ch-CuNPs) were synthesized and demonstrated antifungal activity against damping-off disease causing phytopathogens, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. Physico-chemical studies confirmed the size, shape, surface charge, element confirmation and mono-dispersed nature of Ch-CuNPs. In vitro efficacy studies revealed up to 98% mycelial growth inhibition at 0.1% Ch-CuNPs. An extracellular conductivity study of the mycelium showed cellular content leakage within 12 h of treatment. Further, plant toxicity study against chili, cowpea and tomato plants; showed that ≤0.2% NPs were safe under greenhouse conditions. NPs also exhibited growth-promoting activity with chili seeds, by overcoming the limited germination rate of susceptible seeds. Overall, the present study emphasizes the benefits of synthesized Ch-CuNPs on agricultural crops as fungicide and growth-promoter, as well as a safe alternative to pesticides in order to avoid hazardous effect on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulamnabi L Vanti
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580007, India; Department of Applied Mycology and Microbiology, Migal - Galilee Research Institute and Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel.
| | - Segula Masaphy
- Department of Applied Mycology and Microbiology, Migal - Galilee Research Institute and Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Mahantesh Kurjogi
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580007, India
| | - Savita Chakrasali
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580007, India
| | - Vijendra B Nargund
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580007, India.
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Tietel Z, Masaphy S. Aroma-volatile profile of black morel (Morchella importuna) grown in Israel. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:346-353. [PMID: 28597472 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A headspace solid-phase microextraction method with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to profile the aroma volatiles of mature fruiting bodies of Morchella importuna grown in Israel. RESULTS We tentatively identified 40 aroma compounds and seven unknown volatiles. The M. importuna aroma profile consisted of 14 aldehydes, six alcohols, 10 methyl esters, four heterocyclic/sulfur compounds, 10 carbohydrates and three other compounds (i.e. one acid, one ketone and one butyl ester). The most abundant volatiles were carbohydrates, with a total relative peak area of 29.3%, followed by alcohols (27.7%), aldehydes (21.6%), methyl esters (10.8%), heterocyclic/sulfur compounds (3.1%) and other compounds (5.8%). The 8-carbon (C8) compounds imparting typical mushroom-like aroma were very abundant in M. importuna, accounting for 27.9% of the total peak area and including, amongst others, 1-octen-3-ol (80% of total C8), octanal and 2-octenal (Z- and E-). CONCLUSION The aroma volatile profile of morels has much in common with that of other mushrooms, with a few unique characteristics. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of the aroma profile of M. importuna. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Tietel
- Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
- Postharvest and Food Science Department, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Segula Masaphy
- Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
- Applied Microbiology and Mycology Department, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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Peretz A, Zabari L, Pastukh N, Avital N, Masaphy S. In Vitro Antileishmanial Activity of a Black Morel, Morchella importuna (Ascomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2018; 20:71-80. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2018025313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tietel Z, Masaphy S. True morels (Morchella)—nutritional and phytochemical composition, health benefits and flavor: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1888-1901. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1285269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Tietel
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, M.P. Negev Israel
| | - Segula Masaphy
- Applied Microbiology and Mycology Department, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
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Masaphy S, Ezr R. Targeted Inspection of Environmental Mycological Load for Mitigation of Indoor Mold toward Improved Public Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Masaphy S. A novel echinocandin MIG0310 with anticandida activity from newly isolated Fusarium
sp. strain MS-R1. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:1458-64. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Masaphy
- Applied Mycology and Microbiology Department; MIGAL - Galilee Research Center and Tel Hai College; Kiryat Shmona Israel
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Masaphy S, Lavi I, Sultz S, Zabari L. Laboratory study of fungal bioreceptivity of different fractions of composite flooring tiles showing efflorescence. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5251-60. [PMID: 24652060 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fungi can grow in extreme habitats, such as natural stone and mineral building materials, sometimes causing deterioration. Efflorescence-concentrated salt deposits-results from water movement through building material; it can damage masonry materials and other bricks. Fungal isolate KUR1, capable of growth on, and dissolution of stone chips composing terrazzo-type floor tiles, was isolated from such tiles showing fiber-like crystalline efflorescence. The isolate's ribosomal DNA sequences were 100 % identical to those of Nigrospora sphaerica. The ability of KUR1 to colonize and degrade the different stone chips composing the tiles was studied in axenic culture experiments. When exposed to each of the different mineral chip types composed of dolomite, calcite, or calcite-apatite mineral in low-nutrition medium, the fungus showed selective nutrient consumption, and different growth and stone mineral dissolution rates. Micromorphological examination of the fungus-colonized chips by electron microscopy showed the production of a fungal biofilm with thin films around the hyphae on the surface of the examined chips and disintegration of the calcite-apatite fraction. More than 70 % dissolution of the introduced powdered (<1 mm particle size) mineral was obtained within 10 days of incubation for the soft calcite-apatite fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segula Masaphy
- Applied Mycology and Microbiology Lab, MIGAL, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel,
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Kagan-Zur V, Turgeman T, Sitrit Y, Danai O, Luzzati Y, Bustan A, Roth-Bejerano N, Masaphy S. Introduced Tuber aestivum spreading spontaneously in Israel. Acta Mycol 2013. [DOI: 10.5586/am.2012.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Masaphy S, Zabari L. Observations on post-fire black morel ascocarp development in an Israeli burnt forest site and their preferred micro-sites. FUNGAL ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Glazer I, Masaphy S, Marciano P, Bar-Ilan I, Holland D, Kerem Z, Amir R. Partial identification of antifungal compounds from Punica granatum peel extracts. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:4841-4848. [PMID: 22533815 DOI: 10.1021/jf300330y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of pomegranate peels were assayed in vitro for their antifungal activity against six rot fungi that cause fruit and vegetable decay during storage. The growth rates of Alternaria alternata , Stemphylium botryosum , and Fusarium spp. were significantly inhibited by the extracts. The growth rates were negatively correlated with the levels of total polyphenolic compounds in the extract and particularly with punicalagins, the major ellagitannins in pomegranate peels. Ellagitannins were also found to be the main compounds in the bioactive fractions using bioautograms, and punicalagins were identified as the main bioactive compounds using chromatographic separation. These results suggest that ellagitannins, and more specifically punicalagins, which are the dominant compounds in pomegranate peels, may be used as a control agent of storage diseases and to reduce the use of synthetic fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Glazer
- Migal Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
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Masaphy S, Levanon D, Vaya J, Henis Y. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Atrazine Metabolite Produced by the Fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius, 2-Chloro-4-Ethylamino-6-(1-Hydroxyisopropyl)Amino-1,3,5-Triazine. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 59:4342-6. [PMID: 16349132 PMCID: PMC195908 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.12.4342-4346.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The white rot fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius exhibited metabolism of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) in liquid culture, producing the dealkylated metabolites desethylatrazine, desisopropylatrazine, and desethyl-desisopropylatrazine. A fourth, unknown metabolite was also produced. It was isolated and was identified as 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-(1-hydroxyisopropyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The structure of this metabolite was confirmed by chemical synthesis of the compound and comparison with the fungally produced metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Masaphy
- Migal Technological Center, Kiryat Shmona 10200, Institute of Soil and Water, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, and Otto Warburg Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Masaphy S. Biotechnology of morel mushrooms: successful fruiting body formation and development in a soilless system. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:1523-7. [PMID: 20563623 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Morchella spp. ascocarps (morels) are some of the world's most sought-after mushrooms. Successful cultivation of morels is still a rare and difficult task despite over 100 years of effort. Here we provide the first report of successful Morchella rufobrunnea fruiting body initiation and development in laboratory-scale experiments. Mushroom initials appeared 2 to 4 weeks after first watering of pre-grown sclerotia incubated at 16 to 22°C and 90% humidity. Mature fruiting bodies reached 7 to 15 cm in length and were obtained after the five morphological developmental stages of this Morchella species: sclerotium formation, scelerotium germination, asexual spore formation, formation of initial knots and development of the fruiting body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segula Masaphy
- Applied Microbiology and Mycology Department, MIGAL, P.O. Box 831, 11016, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.
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Masaphy S, Jander-Shagug G. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Culinary-Medicinal Morel Mushrooms, Morchella Dill. ex Pers. (Ascomycetes): Relation to Color and Phenol Contents. Int J Med Mushrooms 2010. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushr.v12.i3.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Albaum S, Masaphy S. Comparison of rose bengal-chloramphenicol and modified aureomycin-rose bengal-glucose-peptone agar as media for the enumeration of molds and yeasts in water by membrane filtration techniques. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 76:310-2. [PMID: 19111583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study compares the suitability of rose bengalchloramphenicol (RBCh) and modified aureomycin-rose bengal glucose-peptone agar for enumerating fungi recovered from diverse water sources using the membrane filtration method. Both mold and yeast colonies were established more rapidly, with more intensified colony colors and higher RBCh counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Albaum
- Microbiology Testing Laboratory, MIGAL, P.O.B. 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
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Abstract
The external morphological changes occurring during initiation and early stages of fruit body development of a Morchella sp., before the development of asci, were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Four stages of primordial development were distinguished. First, disk-shaped knots of 0.5-1.5 mm were observed on the surface of the substrate. Next, the knot inflated and a primordial stem emerged from its centre. Afterward, the stem lengthened, oriented upward, and two types of hyphal elements developed: long, straight and smooth basal hairy hyphae and short stem hyphae, some of which were inflated and projected out of a cohesive layer of tightly packed hyphal elements. Finally, when the stem was 2-3 mm long, pre-apothecia emerged in the apical end, with ridges and pits having distinguished types of paraphyses. Extracelluar mucilage covered the ridge layer and helped give the tissue its shape and rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segula Masaphy
- MIGAL, Galilee Technology Centre, POB 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel.
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Lamb DC, Kelly DE, Masaphy S, Jones GL, Kelly SL. Engineering of heterologous cytochrome P450 in Acinetobacter sp.: application for pollutant degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 276:797-802. [PMID: 11027550 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many organisms do not contain the necessary biochemical armoury to carry out the initial oxidative attack of many pollutant chemicals. In the present study, Acinetobacter sp. strain BD413 has been genetically engineered to express the cytochrome P450 xenobiotic-metabolising enzyme CYP105D1 from Streptomyces griseus that has in its repertoire a diverse array of organic pollutants. Further, it is shown that the transformed Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain BD413 can grow on pollutants unlike control bacteria not expressing cytochrome P450 and that was reflected in release of radiolabel with growth on radiolabelled chlortoluron. We show that cytochrome P450 can enhance the biodegrading repertoire of A. calcoaceticus and discuss the application of such results to bioremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Lamb
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
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Masaphy S, Henis Y, Levanon D. Manganese-enhanced biotransformation of atrazine by the white rot fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius and its correlation with oxidation activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:3587-93. [PMID: 8967773 PMCID: PMC168164 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.10.3587-3593.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese enhanced atrazine transformation by the fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius when added to a liquid culture medium at concentrations of up to 300 microM. Both N-dealkylated and propylhydroxylated metabolites accumulated in the culture medium, with the former accumulating to a greater extent than did the latter. Lipid peroxidation, oxygenase and peroxidase activities, and the cytochrome P-450 concentration increased. In addition, an increase in the spectral interactions between atrazine and components in the cell extract was observed. Antioxidants, mainly nordihydroguaiaretic acid, which inhibits lipoxygenase, peroxidase, and P-450 activities, and piperonyl butoxide, which inhibits P-450 activity, inhibited atrazine transformation by the mycelium. It is suggested that the stimulation of oxidative activity by Mn might be responsible for increasing the biotransformation of atrazine and for nonspecific transformations of other xenobiotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Masaphy
- Migal, Galilee Technological Center, Kiryat Shmona Israel
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Masaphy S, Levanon D, Henis Y, Venkateswarlu K, Kelly SL. Evidence for cytochrome P-450 and P-450-mediated benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation in the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1996; 135:51-5. [PMID: 8598277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb07965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of cytochrome P-450 and P-450-mediated benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity in both microsomal and soluble fractions of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was shown. The reduced carbon monoxide difference spectrum showed maxima at 448-450 and 452-454 nm for microsomal and cytosolic fractions, respectively. Both P-450 fractions produced a Type I substrate binding spectrum on addition of benzo(a)pyrene. Activity for benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation was NADPH dependent and inhibited by carbon monoxide. Km values for activity showed a difference between the cellular fractions with a Km of 89 microM for microsomal P-450 and 400 microM for cytosolic P-450. The Vmax values observed were 0.83 nmol min-1 (nmol microsomal P-450)-1 and 0.4 nmol min-1 (nmol cytosolic P-450)-1. The results indicate that P-450-mediated benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity could play a role in xenobiotic transformation by this fungus beside the known ligninolytic exocellular enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Masaphy
- MIGAL Technology Centre, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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Masaphy S, Levanon D, Henis Y, Venkateswarlu K, Kelly SL. Microsomal and cytosolic cytochrome P450 mediated benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation in Pleurotus pulmonarius. Biotechnol Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00127436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Belinky PA, Masaphy S, Levanon D, Hadar Y, Dosoretz CG. Effect of medium composition on 1-octen-3-ol formation in submerged cultures of Pleurotus pulmonarius. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00173319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Masaphy S, Levanon D, Tchelet R, Henis Y. Scanning Electron Microscope Studies of Interactions between
Agaricus bisporus
(Lang) Sing Hyphae and Bacteria in Casing Soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 1987; 53:1132-7. [PMID: 16347340 PMCID: PMC203820 DOI: 10.1128/aem.53.5.1132-1137.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationships between the hyphae of
Agaricus bisporus
(Lang) Sing and bacteria from the mushroom bed casing layer were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Hyphae growing in the casing layer differed morphologically from compost-grown hyphae. Whereas the compost contained thin single hyphae surrounded by calcium oxalate crystals, the casing layer contained mainly wide hyphae or mycelial strands without crystals. The bacterial population in the hyphal environment consisted of several types, some attached to the hyphae with filamentlike structures. This attachment may be important in stimulation of pinhead initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Masaphy
- Migal-Galilee Technological Center, Kiryat Shmona, 10200, The Institute of Soils and Water, Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, and The Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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