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Collazo-Castiñeira P, Sánchez-Izquierdo M, Reiter LJ, Bauer S, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Schoufour JD, Weijs PJM, Eglseer D. Analysis of behavioral change techniques used in exercise and nutritional interventions targeting adults around retirement age with sarcopenic obesity in a systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 123:105437. [PMID: 38653002 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity significantly burdens health and autonomy. Strategies to intervene in or prevent sarcopenic obesity generally focus on losing body fat and building or maintaining muscle mass and function. For a lifestyle intervention, it is important to consider psychological aspects such as behavioral change techniques (BCTs) to elicit a long-lasting behavioral change. PURPOSE The study was carried out to analyze BCTs used in exercise and nutritional interventions targeting community-dwelling adults around retirement age with sarcopenic obesity. METHODS We conducted an analysis of articles cited in an existing systematic review on the effectiveness of exercise and nutritional interventions on physiological outcomes in community-dwelling adults around retirement age with sarcopenic obesity. We identified BCTs used in these studies by applying a standardized taxonomy. RESULTS Only nine BCTs were identified. Most BCTs were not used intentionally (82 %), and those used derived from the implementation of lifestyle components, such as exercise classes ("instructions on how to perform a behavior," "demonstration of the behavior," "behavioral practice/rehearsal," and "body changes"). Only two studies used BCTs intentionally to reinforce adherence in their interventions. CONCLUSIONS Few studies integrated BCTs in lifestyle interventions for community-dwelling persons around retirement age with sarcopenic obesity. Future studies on interventions to counteract sarcopenic obesity should include well-established BCTs to foster adherence and, therefore, their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Collazo-Castiñeira
- Geriatric Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo, km. 9,100, 28034 Madrid, Spain; Psychology Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, C. Universidad Comillas, 3-5 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Sánchez-Izquierdo
- Psychology Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, C. Universidad Comillas, 3-5 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lea Joanne Reiter
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6 West, P/06, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Bauer
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6 West, P/06, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alfonso J Cruz-Jentoft
- Geriatric Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo, km. 9,100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerhuis, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerhuis, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Doris Eglseer
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6 West, P/06, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Migliaccio S, Mocini E, Minnetti M, Donini LM. Sarcopenic obesity and the impact on bone health. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:252-255. [PMID: 38547323 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sarcopenic obesity is a newly identified pathological entity defined by an increase in body fat mass with an associated sarcopenia, characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. Recently, the concomitant presence of skeletal alteration with sarcopenic obesity has been described leading to a new clinical entity defined osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO). Many studies have tried to unravel the metabolic complex mechanism leading to this clinical entity in order to understand the pathophysiology of this complex condition with the aim of posing an early diagnosis to improve the therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight and revise recent studies on this issue. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research in the field of OSO has highlighted the role of nutrition and physical activity in the development and management of these conditions. While molecular and cellular pathways remain partially understood, there is a growing focus on lifestyle interventions as key factors in reducing the impact of OSO. These studies emphasize the need for early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic strategies to improve quality of life and decrease morbidity and mortality associated with OSO. SUMMARY Although the pathophysiological pathways underlying OSO are not fully understood, the clinical implications underscore the need for expanded research in this field. This research is crucial for enabling early diagnosis and implementing effective therapeutic interventions, with the goal of reducing morbidity and mortality and enhancing quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Food Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University Foro Italico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mocini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Food Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome
| | - Marianna Minnetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Food Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome
| | - Lorenzo Maria Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Food Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome
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Ghahfarrokhi MM, Shirvani H, Rahimi M, Bazgir B, Shamsadini A, Sobhani V. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of different intensities of functional training in elderly type 2 diabetes patients with cognitive impairment: a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:71. [PMID: 38238647 PMCID: PMC10797744 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and type-2 diabetes (T2D) are the most important risk factors for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Exercise training is an effective, safe, and practical intervention in improving glucose metabolism, physical function, and cognitive disorders. This pilot study investigated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of high-intensity low-volume (HIFT) vs. low-intensity high-volume (LIFT) functional training in elderly T2D patients with cognitive impairment. METHODS Forty-eight elderly T2D patients (31 female, 17 male, age 67.5 ± 5.8 years, MMSE score 18.8 ± 2.6, FBG 209.5 ± 37.9) were randomly assigned to HIFT, LIFT and control groups. Cognitive impairment was diagnosed with MMSE ≤ 23 based Iranian society. The SDMT, CVLT-II, BVMT-R, and Stroop tests were used to evaluated processing speed, learning, memory and attention respectively. Physical fitness tests include: tandem stance and walk test; TUG; 6MWT, 10MWT; SSST; 5TSTS; and hand grip was used to evaluated static and dynamic balance, agility, walking endurance, gait speed, lower limb function and lower and upper body strength respectively. As well as, Biochemical (FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c) and physiological outcomes (SBP, and DBP) were assessed. The HIFT group performed six weeks of functional training (three sessions per week) with 120-125% of the lactate threshold. The LIFT group performed six weeks of functional training (five sessions per week) with a 70-75% lactate threshold. Feasibility, safety, and acceptability of exercise programs were assessed at the end of the study. RESULT HIFT showed a higher adherence rate (91% vs. 87.5%), safety, and acceptability compared to LIFT. MMSE and Stroop scores, 6MWT, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, SBP, and DBP significantly improved in HIFT (all, P ≤ 0.004) and LIFT (all, P ≤ 0.023). Changes in 6MWT, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c in HIFT (all, P ≤ 0.001) and LIFT (all, P ≤ 0.008) were significant compared to the control group. Changes in Stroop scores were significant only in the HIFT group compared to the control group (P = 0.013). SDMT, CVLT-II, BVMT-R, balance test, 10MWT, SSST, TUG and hang grip significantly improved only in HIFT (all, P ≤ 0.038). CONCLUSION HIFT vs. LIFT is a safe, feasible, and effective approach for improving some aspects of physical, biochemical, and cognitive function in elderly T2D patients with cognitive impairment. This pilot study provides initial proof-of-concept data for the design and implementation of an appropriately powered randomised controlled trial (RCT) of HIFT vs. LIFT in a larger sample of elderly T2D patients with cognitive impairment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Randomized controlled trial (RCT) (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, trial registration number: IRCT20230502058055N1. Date of registration: 11/06/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Rahimi
- Department of Sport Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Behzad Bazgir
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shamsadini
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Sobhani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Eslamipour F, Gheitasi M, Hovanloo F, Yaghoubitajani Z. High versus Low-Intensity Resistance Training on Bone Mineral Density and Content Acquisition by Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2023; 37:126. [PMID: 38318407 PMCID: PMC10843212 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.37.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The menopause stage in women reduces estrogen levels and bone indicators. This study compared the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) and low-intensity resistance training (LIRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), T-score, and Z-score in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 45 postmenopausal women, aged 50 to 60, who were randomly assigned into 3 parallel groups (n = 15 in each). The exercise program was performed by the interventional groups-the HIRT and LIRT groups-at 4 different intensities, 3 times a week for 24 weeks: 8 repetitions at 80% of 1 repetition maximum and 16 repetitions at 40% of 1 repetition maximum. The evaluated areas (BMD, BMC, T-score, and Z-score) included the lumbar spine (LS) and the femur neck (FN) using a DEXA machine. One-way analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's post hoc tests were used for data analysis. Results The results indicated significant differences in BMD, BMC, T-scores, and Z-scores between the means of the LS and the FN in all groups. In addition, significant differences were revealed in the BMC of the LS, the BMD, T-scores (P < 0.001), Z-scores (P = 0.001), and in the BMC of the FN (P < 0.001), the BMD (P = 0.001), T-scores, and Z-scores (P < 0.001), respectively. In addition, the HIRT group's bone indices were considerably greater than those of the LIRT group (P < 0.00). Nonetheless, LIRT was significantly greater than that of the control group (P > 0.00). Conclusion According to the current findings, HIRT seems to be the most effective training program compared with LIRT for bone indicators improvement in the femur neck and the lumbar spine among postmenopausal women with osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Eslamipour
- Department of Health and Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Gheitasi
- Department of Health and Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariborz Hovanloo
- Department of Health and Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Yaghoubitajani
- Department of Health and Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Eglseer D, Traxler M, Schoufour JD, Weijs PJM, Voortman T, Boirie Y, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Reiter L, Bauer S. Nutritional and exercise interventions in individuals with sarcopenic obesity around retirement age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1077-1090. [PMID: 36882046 PMCID: PMC10413430 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Retirement is an opportune time for people to establish new healthy routines. Exercise and nutritional interventions are promising in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenic obesity. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed. to assess the effectiveness of nutritional and exercise interventions for the treatment of sarcopenic obesity in persons of retirement age. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases were searched in September 2021 for randomized controlled trials; a manual search was also conducted. The search yielded 261 studies, of which 11 were eligible for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION Studies of community-dwelling individuals with sarcopenic obesity receiving any nutritional or exercise intervention ≥ 8 weeks with the mean age ± standard deviation between 50 and 70 years were included. Primary endpoint was body composition, and secondary endpoints were body mass index, muscle strength, and physical function. The literature review, study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment were performed by two reviewers independently. Data were pooled for meta-analysis when possible. RESULTS Meta-analysis was only possible for the exposure "resistance training" and the exposure "training (resistance or aerobic)" in combination with the exposure "added protein" as compared with "no intervention" or "training alone." Resistance training led to a significant body fat reduction of -1.53% (95%CI, -2.91 to -0.15), an increase in muscle mass of 2.72% (95%CI, 1.23-4.22), an increase in muscle strength of 4.42 kg (95%CI, 2.44-6.04), and a slight improvement in gait speed of 0.17 m/s (95%CI, 0.01-0.34). Protein combined with an exercise intervention significantly reduces fat mass (-0.80 kg; 95%CI, -1.32 to -0.28). Some individual studies of dietary or food supplement interventions for which data could not be pooled showed positive effects on body composition. CONCLUSION Resistance training is an effective treatment for persons of retirement age with sarcopenic obesity. Increased protein intake combined with exercise may increase reductions in fat mass. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021276461.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Eglseer
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz,
Graz, Austria
| | - Mariella Traxler
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz,
Graz, Austria
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- are with the Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban
Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- are with the Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban
Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- is with the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University
Medical Centers, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Vrije Universiteit,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University &
Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center
Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yves Boirie
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Human Nutrition Unit, INRA, Centre for
Research in Human Nutrition Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Clermont
Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Lea Reiter
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz,
Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Bauer
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz,
Graz, Austria
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Banitalebi E, Banitalebi E, Ghahfarokhi MM, Rahimi M, Laher I, Davison K. Resistance Band Exercise: An Effective Strategy to Reverse Cardiometabolic Disorders in Women With Osteosarcopenic Obesity. J Aging Phys Act 2023; 31:633-641. [PMID: 36706764 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We designed to evaluate the effects of resistance elastic band exercises (REBEs) on cardiometabolic/obesity-related biomarkers in older females with osteosarcopenic obesity. Sixty-three patients (aged 65-80 years) with osteosarcopenic obesity and a body mass index exceeding 30 kg/m2 were enrolled in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (REBE, n = 32) or a usual care group (n = 31). The experimental group completed a 12-week REBE program, three times a week and 60 min per session. There were decreases in lipid accumulation product (p = .033), visceral adipose index (p = .001), triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (p = .034), and atherogenic index of plasma (p = .028) in the experimental group compared with the usual care group. Our findings highlight the importance of an REBE program in improving combined cardiometabolic/obesity-related indices in older women with osteosarcopenic obesity. The incorporation of an REBE program may benefit individuals who are unable to tolerate or participate in more strenuous exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elahe Banitalebi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord,Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Rahimi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord,Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
| | - Kade Davison
- Department of Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia: Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide, SA,Australia
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Vucic V, Ristic-Medic D, Arsic A, Petrovic S, Paunovic M, Vasiljevic N, Ilich JZ. Nutrition and Physical Activity as Modulators of Osteosarcopenic Adiposity: A Scoping Review and Recommendations for Future Research. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071619. [PMID: 37049460 PMCID: PMC10096523 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome denotes the confluence of bone, muscle, and adipose tissue deterioration. Being a complex entity, numerous uncertainties about OSA still exist, despite the extensive research on the topic. Our objectives were to evaluate human studies addressing dietary intake/nutritional status and the quantity/types of physical activity related to OSA. The search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted to examine relevant articles published from inception to the end of December 2022, utilizing the MeSH strings in the search strategy. Only studies published in English and conducted in humans (≥18 years) without chronic conditions (cancers, kidney/liver disease) or pregnancy were used. Book chapters, abstracts-only, and studies in which participants did not have all three body composition components measured to identify OSA or when body composition components could not be related to the independent/exposure variables were excluded. A total of n = 1020 articles were retrieved from all three databases and eight more from the reference lists. After the exclusion of duplicates and other unsuitable articles, n = 23 studies were evaluated. Among those, eleven were from epidemiological or cross-sectional studies relating nutrients/dietary intake or nutritional status with OSA. Another four examined the relationship between serum biomarkers (vitamin D and ferritin) with OSA, while eight articles presented the results of the interventional studies with resistance training. Overall, higher protein, calcium, potassium, and vitamins D and C intakes emerged as nutrients positively modifying OSA, along with a diet higher in fruits and low-fat dairy foods. Higher serum vitamin D and ferritin were respectively positively and negatively related to OSA. Resistance training was a safe intervention yielding several beneficial outcomes for the OSA syndrome in older women.
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Rossini-Venturini AC, Veras L, Abdalla PP, Santos APD, Tasinafo-Junior MF, Silva LSLD, Alves TC, Ferriolli E, Romo-Perez V, Garcia-Soidan JL, Mota J, Machado DRL. Multicompartment body composition analysis in older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:87. [PMID: 36759773 PMCID: PMC9912531 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During aging, changes occur in the proportions of muscle, fat, and bone. Body composition (BC) alterations have a great impact on health, quality of life, and functional capacity. Several equations to predict BC using anthropometric measurements have been developed from a bi-compartmental (2-C) approach that determines only fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). However, these models have several limitations, when considering constant density, progressive bone demineralization, and changes in the hydration of the FFM, as typical changes during senescence. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to propose and validate a new multi-compartmental anthropometric model to predict fat, bone, and musculature components in older adults of both sexes. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 100 older adults of both sexes. To determine the dependent variables (fat mass [FM], bone mineral content [BMC], and appendicular lean soft tissue [ALST]) whole total and regional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body scans were performed. Twenty-nine anthropometric measures and sex were appointed as independent variables. Models were developed through multivariate linear regression. Finally, the predicted residual error sum of squares (PRESS) statistic was used to measure the effectiveness of the predicted value for each dependent variable. RESULTS An equation was developed to simultaneously predict FM, BMC, and ALST from only four variables: weight, half-arm span (HAS), triceps skinfold (TriSK), and sex. This model showed high coefficients of determination and low estimation errors (FM: R2adj: 0.83 and SEE: 3.16; BMC: R2adj: 0.61 and SEE: 0.30; ALST: R2adj: 0.85 and SEE: 1.65). CONCLUSION The equations provide a reliable, practical, and low-cost instrument to monitor changes in body components during the aging process. The internal cross-validation method PRESS presented sufficient reliability in the model as an inexpensive alternative for clinical field use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Rossini-Venturini
- College of Nursing at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenue of Bandeirantes nº 3900, University Campus - Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil. .,Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Veras
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pugliesi Abdalla
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722College of Nursing at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenue of Bandeirantes nº 3900, University Campus - Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil ,Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Pereira dos Santos
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722College of Nursing at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenue of Bandeirantes nº 3900, University Campus - Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil ,Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Márcio Fernando Tasinafo-Junior
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Santos Lopes da Silva
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cândido Alves
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Serviço de Geriatria, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vicente Romo-Perez
- grid.6312.60000 0001 2097 6738Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Garcia-Soidan
- grid.6312.60000 0001 2097 6738Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jorge Mota
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dalmo Roberto Lopes Machado
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722College of Nursing at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenue of Bandeirantes nº 3900, University Campus - Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil ,Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil ,grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XESEC - Universidade do Algarve. , Campus da Penha, Faro, Portugal
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Farsani MA, Banitalebi E, Faramarzi M, Bakhtiari N, Rahimi M, Duque G. Bone-muscle crosstalk following exercise plus Ursolic acid by myomiR-133a/Cx43-Runx2 axis in aged type 2 diabetes rat models. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 370:110315. [PMID: 36535313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural bioactive compound, Ursolic acid (UA), plus different types of exercise may exert the action on glycemic control, leading to clinical benefits in the prevention and treatment of aging/diabetes-associated complications. So, this study examined the effects of eight weeks combination of 250 mg of UA per day per kilogram of body weight of rat as well as resistance/endurance training on miR-133a expression across serum, bone marrow, skeletal muscle, and Connexin 43 (Cx43)-Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) signaling axis in high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced T2D (here, HFD/STZ-induced T2D). The study was conducted on 56 male Wistar rats (427 ± 44 g, 21 months old), having HFD/STZ-induced T2D randomly assigned into 7 groups of 8 including (1) sedentary non-diabetic old rats (C); (2) sedentary type 2 diabetes animal model (D); (3) sedentary type 2 diabetes animal model + UA (DU); (4) endurance-trained type 2 diabetes animal model (DE); (5) resistance-trained type 2 diabetes animal model (DR); (6) endurance-trained type 2 diabetes animal model + UA (DEU); and (7) resistance-trained type 2 diabetes animal model + UA (DRU). Resistance training included a model of eight weeks of ladder resistance training at 60-80% maximal voluntary carrying capacity (MVCC) for five days/week. Treadmill endurance exercise protocol included eight weeks of repetitive bouts of low-/high-intensity training with 30%-40% and 60%-75% maximal running speed for five days/week, respectively. UA Supplementary groups were treated with 500 mg of UA per kg of high-fat diet per day. The results revealed significant supplement and exercise interaction effects for the BM miR-133a (p = 0.001), the bone marrow Runx2 (p = 0.002), but not the serum miR-133a (p = 0.517), the skeletal muscle miR-133a (p = 0.097) and the Cx43 (p = 0.632). In conclusion, only eight weeks of resistance-type exercise could affect miR-133a profile in muscles and osteoblast differentiation biomarker RUNX2 in aged T2D model of rats. 250 mg of UA per kilogram of body weight rat per day was administered orally, less than the sufficient dose for biological and physiological impacts on osteoblast differentiation biomarkers in aged T2D model of rats following eight weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Faramarzi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nuredin Bakhtiari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rahimi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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10
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García-Giménez JL, García-Trevijano ER, Avilés-Alía AI, Ibañez-Cabellos JS, Bovea-Marco M, Bas T, Pallardó FV, Viña JR, Zaragozá R. Identification of circulating miRNAs differentially expressed in patients with Limb-girdle, Duchenne or facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:450. [PMID: 36575500 PMCID: PMC9793535 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a rare neuromuscular disease including a growing and heterogeneous number of subtypes with variable phenotype. Their clinical and histopathological characteristics frequently overlap with other neuromuscular dystrophies. Our goal was to identify, by a non-invasive method, a molecular signature including biochemical and epigenetic parameters with potential value for patient prognosis and stratification. RESULTS Circulating miRNome was obtained by smallRNA-seq in plasma from LGMD patients (n = 6) and matched-controls (n = 6). Data, validated by qPCR in LGMD samples, were also examined in other common muscular dystrophies: Duchenne (DMD) (n = 5) and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) (n = 4). Additionally, biochemical and clinical parameters were analyzed. miRNome analysis showed that thirteen differentially expressed miRs could separate LGMD vs control group by hierarchical clustering. Most of differentially expressed miRs in LGMD patients were up-regulated (miR-122-5p, miR-122b-3p, miR-6511a-3p, miR-192-5p, miR-574-3p, mir-885-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-4646-3p, miR-203a-3p and miR-203b-5p) whilst only three of sequenced miRs were significantly down-regulated (miR-19b-3p, miR-7706, miR-323b-3p) when compared to matched controls. Bioinformatic analysis of target genes revealed cell cycle, muscle tissue development, regeneration and senescence as the most affected pathways. Four of these circulating miRs (miR-122-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-19b-3p and miR-323b-3p), together with the myomiR miR-206, were further analysed by qPCR in LGMD, DMD and FSHD. The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) revealed high area under the curve (AUC) values for selected miRs in all groups, indicating that these miRs have good sensitivity and specificity to distinguish LGMD, DMD and FSHD patients from healthy controls. miR-122-5p, miR-192-5p and miR-323-3p were differentially expressed compared to matched-controls in all groups but apparently, each type of muscular dystrophy showed a specific pattern of miR expression. Finally, a strong correlation between miRs and biochemical data was only found in LGMD patients: while miR-192-5p and miR-122-5p negatively correlated with CK, miR-192-5p positively correlated with vitamin D3 and ALP. CONCLUSIONS Although limited by the small number of patients included in this study, we propose here a specific combination of circulating miR-122-5p/miR-192-5p/miR-323-3 and biochemical parameters as a potential molecular signature whose clinical value for LGMD patient prognosis and stratification should be further confirmed in a larger cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis García-Giménez
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Center for Biomedical Network Research On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain ,grid.429003.c0000 0004 7413 8491INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain ,grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain ,EpiDisease S.L. (Spin-Off CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena R. García-Trevijano
- grid.429003.c0000 0004 7413 8491INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain ,grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana I. Avilés-Alía
- grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Teresa Bas
- Institute for Health Research La Fe, IISLaFe, Valencia, Spain ,grid.84393.350000 0001 0360 9602Spine Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Center for Biomedical Network Research On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain ,grid.429003.c0000 0004 7413 8491INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain ,grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan R. Viña
- grid.429003.c0000 0004 7413 8491INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain ,grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Zaragozá
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Linhares DG, Borba-Pinheiro CJ, de Castro JBP, dos Santos AOB, dos Santos LL, Cordeiro LDS, Drigo AJ, Nunes RDAM, Vale RGDS. Effects of Multicomponent Exercise Training on the Health of Older Women with Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14195. [PMID: 36361073 PMCID: PMC9655411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of multicomponent exercise training in older women with osteoporosis. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (number CRD42022331137). We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and CINHAL databases for randomized experimental trials that analyzed the effects of physical exercise on health-related variables in older women with osteoporosis. The risk of bias in the studies was verified using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Jadad scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included, with a total of 544 participants in the experimental group and 495 in the control group. The mean age of all participants was 68.4 years. The studies combined two to four different exercise types, including strength, aerobic, balance, flexibility, and/or functional fitness training. The practice of multicomponent training with an average of 27.2 weeks, 2.6 sessions per week, and 45 min per session showed improvements in strength, flexibility, quality of life, bone mineral density, balance, and functional fitness and reduced the risk of falls in older women with osteoporosis. Multicomponent training was shown to be effective in improving health-related variables in older women with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gama Linhares
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise and Sport, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Brandão Pinto de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise and Sport, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa Oliveira Barros dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise and Sport, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano Lima dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise and Sport, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Lilliany de Souza Cordeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise and Sport, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Janotta Drigo
- Stricto Sensu Post Graduate Program, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo de Alkmim Moreira Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise and Sport, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise and Sport, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
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12
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Zhuang M, Jin M, Lu T, Lu L, Ainsworth BE, Liu Y, Chen N. Effects of three modes of physical activity on physical fitness and hematological parameters in older people with sarcopenic obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:917525. [PMID: 36091394 PMCID: PMC9458075 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.917525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of three modes of physical activity (PA) (aerobic training [AT], resistance training [RT], and aerobic combined with resistance training [MT]) on body composition (body weight [BW], body mass index [BMI] and percentage of body fat [BF%]), muscle mass (skeletal muscle mass [SM], appendicular skeletal muscle mass [ASM] and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index [ASMI]), muscle strength (handgrip strength [HG] and knee extension strength [KES]), physical performance (gait speed [GS]) and hematological parameters (inflammatory markers, insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1] and lipid profiles) in older people with sarcopenic obesity (SO). Methods: We searched all studies for PA effects in older people with SO from six databases published from January 2010 to November 2021. Two researchers independently screened studies, extracted data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessed the quality of included studies. Pooled analyses for pre-and post- outcome measures were performed by Review Manager 5.4. We calculated a meta-analysis with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and the standardized mean differences (SMD). Results: 12 studies were analyzed. There were 614 older people (84.9% female) with SO, aged 58.4 to 88.4 years. Compared with a no-PA control group, AT decreased BW (SMD = −0.64, 95% CI: −1.13 to −0.16, p = 0.009, I2 = 0%) and BMI (SMD = −0.69, 95% CI: −1.18 to −0.21, p = 0.005, I2 = 0%); RT improved BF% (SMD = −0.43, 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.22, p < 0.0001, I2 = 38%), ASMI (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.24 to 1.21, p = 0.004, I2 = 0%), ASM (SMD = −0.94, 95% CI: −1.46 to −0.42, p = 0.0004), HG (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.22 to 1.91, p = 0.01, I2 = 90%) and KES (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.39, p < 0.00001, I2 = 14%); MT improved BMI (SMD = −0.77, 95% CI: −1.26 to −0.28, p = 0.002, I2 = 0%), BF% (SMD = −0.54, 95% CI: −0.83 to −0.25, p = 0.0003, I2 = 0%), ASMI (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.22 to 1.19, p = 0.005, I2 = 0%) and GS (SMD = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.18, p = 0.004, I2 = 37%). PA increased IGF-1 (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.66, p = 0.006, I2 = 0%), but had no effect on inflammatory markers and lipid profiles. Conclusion: PA is an effective treatment to improve body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and IGF-1 in older people with SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdie Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tijiang Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linqian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Barbara E Ainsworth
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Effects of resistance training on body composition and physical function in elderly patients with osteosarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:82. [PMID: 35654981 PMCID: PMC9163017 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) is a complex disease commonly seen in the elderly. We found that resistance training may improve bone mineral density, skeletal muscle mass, and body fat percentage in patients with OSO. Therefore, resistance training is beneficial for elderly OSO patients and is worth being promoted. PURPOSE Investigate effects of resistance training on body composition and physical function in elderly osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) patients. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Database were searched from inception until October 13, 2021.Two independent researchers extracted the key information from each eligible study. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the quality of the outcomes. Sensitivity analysis indicated the stability of the results. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS Four randomized controlled studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included, with 182 participants. Twelve weeks of resistance training improved bone mineral density (BMD, mean difference (MD) = 0.01 g/cm2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.001, 0.02, P = 0.03, I2 = 0%), skeletal muscle mass (SMM, MD = 1.19 kg, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.89, P = 0.0007, I2 = 0%), Z score, timed chair rise test (TCR), and body fat percentage (BFP, MD = - 1.61%, 95% CI: - 2.94, - 0.28, P = 0.02, I2 = 50%) but did not significantly affect skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, MD = 0.20 kg/m2, 95% CI: - 0.25, 0.64, P = 0.38, I2 = 0%) or gait speed (GS). CONCLUSIONS Resistance training is a safe and effective intervention that can improve many parameters, including BFP, SMM, and Z score, among OSO patients and is a good option for elderly individuals to improve their physical fitness.
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14
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Sellami M, Elrayess MA, Puce L, Bragazzi NL. Molecular Big Data in Sports Sciences: State-of-Art and Future Prospects of OMICS-Based Sports Sciences. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:815410. [PMID: 35087871 PMCID: PMC8787195 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.815410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Together with environment and experience (that is to say, diet and training), the biological and genetic make-up of an athlete plays a major role in exercise physiology. Sports genomics has shown, indeed, that some DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be associated with athlete performance and level (such as elite/world-class athletic status), having an impact on physical activity behavior, endurance, strength, power, speed, flexibility, energetic expenditure, neuromuscular coordination, metabolic and cardio-respiratory fitness, among others, as well as with psychological traits. Athletic phenotype is complex and depends on the combination of different traits and characteristics: as such, it requires a “complex science,” like that of metadata and multi-OMICS profiles. Several projects and trials (like ELITE, GAMES, Gene SMART, GENESIS, and POWERGENE) are aimed at discovering genomics-based biomarkers with an adequate predictive power. Sports genomics could enable to optimize and maximize physical performance, as well as it could predict the risk of sports-related injuries. Exercise has a profound impact on proteome too. Proteomics can assess both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view the modifications induced by training. Recently, scholars have assessed the epigenetics changes in athletes. Summarizing, the different omics specialties seem to converge in a unique approach, termed sportomics or athlomics and defined as a “holistic and top-down,” “non-hypothesis-driven research on an individual’s metabolite changes during sports and exercise” (the Athlome Project Consortium and the Santorini Declaration) Not only sportomics includes metabonomics/metabolomics, but relying on the athlete’s biological passport or profile, it would enable the systematic study of sports-induced changes and effects at any level (genome, transcriptome, proteome, etc.). However, the wealth of data is so huge and massive and heterogenous that new computational algorithms and protocols are needed, more computational power is required as well as new strategies for properly and effectively combining and integrating data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Nicola Luigi Bragazzi,
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15
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Supriya R, Singh KP, Gao Y, Gu Y, Baker JS. Effect of Exercise on Secondary Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Literature Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010051. [PMID: 35053049 PMCID: PMC8773430 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Sarcopenia is an inevitable component of aging. It is officially recognized as a muscle disease with an ICD-10-MC diagnosis code that can be used to bill for care in some countries. Sarcopenia can be classified into primary or age-related sarcopenia and secondary sarcopenia. The condition is referred to as secondary sarcopenia when any other comorbidities are present in conjunction with aging. Secondary sarcopenia is more prevalent than primary sarcopenia and requires special attention. Exercise interventions may help in our understanding and prevention of sarcopenia with a specific morbidity Glomerular filtration rate that exercise improves muscle mass, quality or physical function in elderly subjects with cancer, type 2 diabetes, kidney diseases and lung diseases. In this review, we summarize recent research that has studied the impact of exercise on patients with secondary sarcopenia, specifically those with one comorbid condition. We did not discover any exercise intervention specifically for subjects with secondary sarcopenia (with one comorbidity). Even though there is a strong argument for using exercise to improve muscle mass, quality or physical function in subjects with cancer, type 2 diabetes, kidney diseases, lung diseases and many more, very few studies have reported baseline sarcopenia assessments. Based on the trials summarized in this review, we may propose but not conclude that resistance, aerobic, balance training or even walking can be useful in subjects with secondary sarcopenia with only one comorbidity due to the limited number of trials. This review is significant because it reveals the need for broad-ranging research initiatives involving secondary sarcopenic patients and highlights a large secondary sarcopenia research gap. Abstract Background: Sarcopenia has been recognized as an inevitable part of aging. However, its severity and the age at which it begins cannot be predicted by age alone. The condition can be categorized into primary or age-related sarcopenia and secondary sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is diagnosed as primary when there are no other specific causes. However, secondary sarcopenia occurs if other factors, including malignancy or organ failure, are evident in addition to aging. The prevalence of secondary sarcopenia is far greater than that of primary sarcopenia and requires special attention. To date, nutrition and exercise have proven to be the best methods to combat this disease. The impact of exercise on subjects suffering from sarcopenia with a specific morbidity is worthy of examination for understanding and prevention. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to summarize recent research that has investigated the impact of exercise in patients with secondary sarcopenia, specifically with one comorbidity. Methods: Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase and Medline databases were searched comprehensively with no date limit for randomized controlled trials. The literature was specifically searched for clinical trials in which subjects were sarcopenic with only one comorbidity participating in an exercise intervention. The most visible comorbidities identified and used in the search were lung disease, kidney disease, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, neurological diseases, osteoporosis and arthritis. Results: A total of 1752 studies were identified that matched the keywords. After removing duplicates, there were 1317 articles remaining. We extracted 98 articles for full screening. Finally, we included 21 relevant papers that were used in this review. Conclusion: Despite a strong rationale for using exercise to improve muscle mass, quality or physical function in subjects with cancer, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, lung disease and many more, baseline sarcopenia evaluation has been reported in very few trials. The limited number of studies does not allow us to conclude that exercise can improve sarcopenia in patients with other comorbidities. This review highlights the necessity for wide-ranging research initiatives involving secondary sarcopenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Supriya
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.G.); (Y.G.); (J.S.B.)
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Sarcopenia Research Unit, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
- Correspondence:
| | - Kumar Purnendu Singh
- FEBT, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Yang Gao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.G.); (Y.G.); (J.S.B.)
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Sarcopenia Research Unit, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.G.); (Y.G.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.G.); (Y.G.); (J.S.B.)
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Sarcopenia Research Unit, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
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Exercise and Nutrition Impact on Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia-The Incidence of Osteosarcopenia: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124499. [PMID: 34960050 PMCID: PMC8705961 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are diseases which affect the myoskeletal system and often occur in older adults. They are characterized by low bone density and loss of muscle mass and strength, factors which reduce the quality of life and mobility. Recently, apart from pharmaceutical interventions, many studies have focused on non-pharmaceutical approaches for the prevention of osteoporosis and sarcopenia with exercise and nutrition to being the most important and well studied of those. The purpose of the current narrative review is to describe the role of exercise and nutrition on prevention of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older adults and to define the incidence of osteosarcopenia. Most of the publications which were included in this review show that resistance and endurance exercises prevent the development of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Furthermore, protein and vitamin D intake, as well as a healthy diet, present a protective role against the development of the above bone diseases. However, current scientific data are not sufficient for reaching solid conclusions. Although the roles of exercise and nutrition on osteoporosis and sarcopenia seem to have been largely evaluated in literature over the recent years, most of the studies which have been conducted present high heterogeneity and small sample sizes. Therefore, they cannot reach final conclusions. In addition, osteosarcopenia seems to be caused by the effects of osteoporosis and sarcopenia on elderly. Larger meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials are needed designed based on strict inclusion criteria, in order to describe the exact role of exercise and nutrition on osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
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