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Khosravi AD, Meghdadi H, Hashemzadeh M, Alami A, Tabandeh MR. Application of a new designed high resolution melting analysis for mycobacterial species identification. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:205. [PMID: 38851713 PMCID: PMC11161915 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) isolates should be distinguished from tuberculosis and identified at the species level for choosing an appropriate treatment plan. In this study, two molecular methods were used to differentiate NTM species, including a new designed High Resolution Melting (HRM) and Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA). Seventy-five mycobacterial isolates were evaluated by sequencing four genes ( MLSA) and a HRM assay specifically targeting atpE was designed to rapidly and accurately identify and differentiate mycobacterium species. Out of 70 NTM isolates, 66 (94.3%), 65 (92.9%), 65 (92.9%) and 64 (91.4%) isolates were identified to the species level by PCR of atpE, tuf, rpoB and dnaK genes. We could identify 100% of the isolates to the species level (14 different species) by MLSA. By using HRM assay, all NTM isolates were identified and classified into eight groups, in addition, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nocardia were also detected simultaneously. The MLSA technique was able to differentiate all 14 species of NTM isolates. According to the results, the HRM assay is a rapid and beneficial method for identifying NTM, M. tuberculosis (MTB), and Nocardia isolates without sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Dokht Khosravi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Meghdadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hashemzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ameneh Alami
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Wahyu HERLAMBANG, Made MERTANIASIHN, Soedarsono SOEDARSONO, Willy SANDHIKA. GYRB - POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTIC FIGURE POTENTIAL FOR DETERMINING DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENITIS. Afr J Infect Dis 2023; 17:13-18. [PMID: 37822554 PMCID: PMC10564104 DOI: 10.21010/ajidv17i2s.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TB lymphadenitis is still a problem that needs serious treatment. In Indonesia, it was reported that 53% of TB cases were extrapulmonary tuberculosis, with the most cases being Lymphadenitis TB, 11.6%. In children, 43% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases are TB lymphadenitis. Diagnosis is quite difficult; a method of determining the diagnosis and appropriate comprehensive treatment is required in managing TB Lymphadenitis. Materials and Methods In this study, 15 fine needle aspiration biopsy aspirate samples were subjected to molecular examination using the gyrB-polymerase chain reaction method and histopathological observations using the smear method with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Observation of preparations using a microscope with a magnification of 200x. Results The histopathological characteristics of the fine needle aspiration biopsy aspirate showed positive results in 4 out of 15 samples, with epithelioid cells arranged in a characteristic granuloma structure, necrotic debris was visible, and cells joined together to form multinucleated giant cells as an inflammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection. In this study, 6 out of 15 (40%) were detected to be positive in the diagnosis based on molecular detection using a specific target gene gyrB - polymerase chain reaction . Conclusion Characteristic features on histopathological examination associated with gyrB - positive polymerase chain reaction on lymphadenitis fine needle aspiration biopsy aspirate samples can be used as a determinant diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- HERLAMBANG Wahyu
- Master Program of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - MERTANIASIH Ni Made
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - SOEDARSONO Soedarsono
- Sub-pulmonology of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - SANDHIKA Willy
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Feng Y, Wang M, Jiang H, Shi Y, Zhang W, Wang H. Comparative Evaluation of LAMP and Nested PCR for the Rapid Diagnosis of Mycobacterium marinum Infection. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:1601-1609. [PMID: 36969943 PMCID: PMC10038161 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s404929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Culture of Mycobacterium marinum is very time-consuming, taking several weeks to produce positive results. Seeking rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods for diagnosis can greatly improve patient treatment. Our study aimed to compare the rapid diagnostic abilities of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR and loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of detecting M. marinum in skin samples from patients with M. marinum infection. Methods A total of 6 M. marinum strains and 6 skin samples with definite diagnosis of M. marinum infection were included in the study. We optimized LAMP performance for detection of M. marinum genomic DNA and confirmed the specificity of the primers. Then, the sensitivity of the LAMP and nested PCR assays were assessed by M. marinum strains and clinical samples. Results Nested PCR was 10-fold more sensitive than the LAMP assay by serial dilution of M. marinum DNA. PCR positive samples were all positive by LAMP detection of 6 clinical M. marinum strains. Out of 6 clinical skin specimens confirmed as M. marinum infection, 0 (0%), 3 (50%), 3 (50%), and 4 (66.6%) were positive by PCR, nested PCR, LAMP and culture. The LAMP shared the same sensitivity than nested PCR in M. marinum strains and clinical samples, but it was easy to perform and faster than nested PCR assay. Conclusion Compared with conventional PCR, LAMP and nested PCR are more sensitive and have a higher detection rate of M. marinum in clinical skin specimens. The LAMP assay proved to be more suitable for rapid diagnosis of M. marinum infection in a shorter time, especially in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIS, Institute of Dermatology & Hospital of Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIS, Institute of Dermatology & Hospital of Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Jiang
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIS, Institute of Dermatology & Hospital of Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIS, Institute of Dermatology & Hospital of Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIS, Institute of Dermatology & Hospital of Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIS, Institute of Dermatology & Hospital of Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hongsheng Wang, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 025 8547 8953, Email
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Kamra E, Singh N, Khan A, Singh J, Chauhan M, Kamal H, Mehta PK. Diagnosis of genitourinary tuberculosis by loop-mediated isothermal amplification based on SYBR Green I dye reaction. Biotechniques 2022; 73:47-57. [PMID: 35787144 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitargeted loop-mediated isothermal amplification (MT-LAMP) assay targeting mpt64 (Rv1980c) and IS6110 was designed to diagnose genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) cases. While assessing gel-based, hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) and SYBR Green I MT-LAMP assays on GUTB specimens (n = 28) in a pilot study, both gel-based/SYBR Green I assays exhibited better sensitivity than HNB LAMP. Since SYBR Green MT-LAMP is easier to perform compared with a gel-based assay, a higher number of GUTB specimens (n = 55) were evaluated by SYBR Green MT-LAMP, wherein 85.5% sensitivity and 94.4% specificity (n = 36) were obtained. Moreover, the sensitivity attained by MT-LAMP was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than with multiplex-PCR (mpt64 + IS6110). After further validating these MT-LAMP data in different epidemiological settings, this assay may be developed as a diagnostic kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Kamra
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Netrapal Singh
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Anish Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Jaideep Singh
- Noor Medical Centre, Sector-6, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Meenakshi Chauhan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences (UHS), Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Hemant Kamal
- Department Of Urology, UHS, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
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Meghdadi H, Khosravi AD, Hashemzadeh M, Tabandeh MR. New design of multilocus sequence analysis of rpoB, ssrA, tuf, atpE, ku, and dnaK for identification of Mycobacterium species. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7967-7977. [PMID: 35717471 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is very important in the treatment process of patients. According to the American Thoracic Society guideline (ATS), NTM clinical isolates should be identified at the species level proper treatment and patient management. This study aimed to identify NTM clinical isolates by evaluationg rpoB, ssrA, tuf, atpE, ku, and dnaK genes, and use multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) to concatenate the six genes. METHODS Ninety-six Mycobacterium isolates, including 86 NTM and 10 MTB isolates, from all the patients referred to the certain TB Reference Centres were included. All isolates were evaluated by PCR amplification of rpoB, ssrA, tuf, ku, atpE, and dnaK genes and MLSA. RESULTS Out of 96 isolates, 91 (94.8%), 87 (90.6%), 72 (75%), 84 (87.5%) and 79 (82.3%) were differentiated to the species level by rpoB, tuf, ssrA, dnaK and atpE genes, respectively. The ku gene was able to identify 69 (80.2%) isolates of the 86 NTM isolates to the species level. We could identify 100% of the isolates to the species level by MLSA. CONCLUSIONS None of the PCR targets used in this study were able to completely differentiate all species. The MLSA technique used to concatenate the six genes could increase the identification of clinical Mycobacterium isolates and all 16 species were well-differentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Meghdadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azar Dokht Khosravi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hashemzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Kamra E, Alam D, Singh V, Kumar M, Chauhan M, Mehta PK. Diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis by multiplex-nested PCR targeting mpt64 (Rv1980c) and IS6110: comparison with multiplex PCR and GeneXpert® MTB/RIF. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:857-868. [PMID: 35673975 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex-nested PCR (M-nested PCR) targeting mpt64 (Rv1980c) + IS6110 was designed to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) DNA within urine (n = 35), endometrial biopsies (n = 22) and menstrual blood (n = 3) of male/female UGTB patients, and results were compared with M-PCR using the same targets. Detection limit of the purified Mtb DNA was found to be 1 fg by M-nested PCR, which was 106 -fold lower than M-PCR. Moreover, sensitivities of 100% and 81·8% were obtained in confirmed (n = 5) and clinically suspected UGTB (n = 55) cases, respectively, by M-nested PCR, with a specificity of 97·1% (n = 70). Sensitivities attained by M-nested PCR were significantly higher (p < 0·05) than M-PCR in both clinically suspected and total UGTB (n = 60) cases. To confirm the true PCR-negative results, an internal amplification control, that is, human β-globin gene (hbb) was incorporated in the M-nested PCR/M-PCR assays, wherein all the clinical specimens (positive/negative for mpt64/IS6110) were found to be positive for hbb. Some UGTB specimens (n = 35) were also subjected to GeneXpert® MTB/RIF assay that revealed a significantly lower (p < 0·001) sensitivity (17·1 vs 88·6%) than M-nested PCR, although high specificity (100%) was attained with GeneXpert. After validating the results in a higher number of UGTB specimens, our M-nested PCR may be translated into an attractive diagnostic kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kamra
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - D Alam
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - V Singh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Kumar
- Department of Urology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences (UHS), Rohtak, India
| | - M Chauhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UHS, Rohtak, India
| | - P K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Jiang H, Shi Y, Chokkakula S, Zhang W, Long S, Wang Z, Kong W, Long H, Wu L, Hu L, Yao Q, Wang H. Utility of Multi-target Nested PCR and ELISPOT Assays for the Detection of Paucibacillary Leprosy: A Possible Conclusion of Clinical Laboratory Misdiagnosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:814413. [PMID: 35480232 PMCID: PMC9036522 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.814413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of paucibacillary (PB) leprosy often possesses a diagnostic challenge, especially for pure neuritic and lesser skin lesions with the zero bacillary load, requiring a sensitive and accurate diagnostic tool. We have included 300 clinically diagnosed new leprosy cases (comprising 98 PB cases) and analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of PB leprosy cases by nested PCR with folP, gyrA, rpoB, RLEP, and 16SrRNA and Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay test (ELISPOT) with MMPII, NDO-BSA, and LID-1 antigens by detecting interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release. The overall positivity rates of genes tested in 300 clinical specimens were identified as 55% of 16SrRNA, 59% of RLEP, 59.3% of folP, 57.3% of rpoB, 61% of gyrA while 90% of nested folP, 92.6% of nested rpoB, and 95% of nested gyrA, and 285 (95%) of at least one gene positive cases. For PB specimens, 95% PCR positivity was achieved by three tested genes in nested PCR. The data obtained from ELISPOT for three antigens were analyzed for IFN-γ expression with 600 subjects. Among 98 PB leprosy cases, the sensitivity of MMP II, LID-1, and NDO-BSA was 90%, 87%, and 83%, respectively, and the specificity was 90%, 91%, and 86%, respectively. The total number of cases positive for at least one antigen was 90 (91.8%) in PB, which is significantly higher than that in multibacillary (MB) leprosy (56.7%). The combination of multi-targets nested PCR and ELISPOT assay provides a specific tool to early clinical laboratory diagnosis of PB leprosy cases. The two assays are complementary to each other and beneficial for screening PB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Jiang
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- National Centre for STD and Leprosy Control, China CDC, Nanjing, China
- Centre for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- National Centre for STD and Leprosy Control, China CDC, Nanjing, China
| | - Santosh Chokkakula
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- National Centre for STD and Leprosy Control, China CDC, Nanjing, China
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- National Centre for STD and Leprosy Control, China CDC, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Long
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- National Centre for STD and Leprosy Control, China CDC, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenming Kong
- Department of Leprosy Control, Zhejiang, Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heng Long
- Department of Leprosy Control, Wenshan institute of Dermatology, Wenshan, China
| | - Limei Wu
- Department of Leprosy Control, Zhejiang, Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Department of Leprosy Control, Zhejiang, Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Yao
- Department of Leprosy Control, Zhejiang, Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hongsheng Wang, ; Qiang Yao,
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Mycobacterium, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- National Centre for STD and Leprosy Control, China CDC, Nanjing, China
- Centre for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongsheng Wang, ; Qiang Yao,
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Wang ZZ, Jiang HQ, Wang HS. Disseminated Ulcerated Nodules: A Quiz. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00622. [PMID: 34904688 PMCID: PMC9609984 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v101.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract is not available (Quiz)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hai-Qin Jiang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China.
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Rajput A, Mandlik S, Pokharkar V. Nanocarrier-Based Approaches for the Efficient Delivery of Anti-Tubercular Drugs and Vaccines for Management of Tuberculosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:749945. [PMID: 34992530 PMCID: PMC8724553 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.749945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant species of tuberculosis (TB), which spread faster than traditiona TB, is a severely infectious disease. The conventional drug therapy used in the management of tuberculosis has several challenges linked with adverse effects. Hence, nanotherapeutics served as an emerging technique to overcome problems associated with current treatment. Nanotherapeutics helps to overcome toxicity and poor solubility issues of several drugs used in the management of tuberculosis. Due to their diameter and surface chemistry, nanocarriers encapsulated with antimicrobial drugs are readily taken up by macrophages. Macrophages play a crucial role as they serve as target sites for active and passive targeting for nanocarriers. The surface of the nanocarriers is coated with ligand-specific receptors, which further enhances drug concentration locally and indicates the therapeutic potential of nanocarriers. This review highlights tuberculosis's current facts, figures, challenges associated with conventional treatment, different nanocarrier-based systems, and its application in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Varsha Pokharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
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Delemarre EM, van Hoorn L, Bossink AWJ, Drylewicz J, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM, Akkerman OW, Goletti D, Petruccioli E, Navarra A, van den Broek BTA, Paardekooper SPA, van Haeften I, Koenderman L, Lammers JWJ, Thijsen SFT, Hofland RW, Nierkens S. Serum Biomarker Profile Including CCL1, CXCL10, VEGF, and Adenosine Deaminase Activity Distinguishes Active From Remotely Acquired Latent Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:725447. [PMID: 34691031 PMCID: PMC8529994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.725447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is an urgent medical need to differentiate active tuberculosis (ATB) from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and prevent undertreatment and overtreatment. The aim of this study was to identify biomarker profiles that may support the differentiation between ATB and LTBI and to validate these signatures. Materials and Methods The discovery cohort included adult individuals classified in four groups: ATB (n = 20), LTBI without prophylaxis (untreated LTBI; n = 20), LTBI after completion of prophylaxis (treated LTBI; n = 20), and healthy controls (HC; n = 20). Their sera were analyzed for 40 cytokines/chemokines and activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) isozymes. A prediction model was designed to differentiate ATB from untreated LTBI using sparse partial least squares (sPLS) and logistic regression analyses. Serum samples of two independent cohorts (national and international) were used for validation. Results sPLS regression analyses identified C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1), C-reactive protein (CRP), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as the most discriminating biomarkers. These markers and ADA(2) activity were significantly increased in ATB compared to untreated LTBI (p ≤ 0.007). Combining CCL1, CXCL10, VEGF, and ADA2 activity yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 90%, respectively, in differentiating ATB from untreated LTBI. These findings were confirmed in the validation cohort including remotely acquired untreated LTBI participants. Conclusion The biomarker signature of CCL1, CXCL10, VEGF, and ADA2 activity provides a promising tool for differentiating patients with ATB from non-treated LTBI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline M Delemarre
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Platform Immune Monitoring (PIM), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laura van Hoorn
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aik W J Bossink
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Julia Drylewicz
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Onno W Akkerman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Petruccioli
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Assunta Navarra
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sanne P A Paardekooper
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ineke van Haeften
- Department of Tuberculosis, Municipal Public Health Service, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem J Lammers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Steven F T Thijsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Regina W Hofland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Platform Immune Monitoring (PIM), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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11
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Chung WY, Lee KS, Park JH, Jung YJ, Sheen SS, Park JE, Sun JS, Ko YH, Park KJ. TB Antigen-Stimulated CXCR3 Ligand Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158020. [PMID: 34360313 PMCID: PMC8345678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis (TB-LAP) is challenging. We evaluated the role of blood CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) ligands in its diagnosis. A total of 65 lymphadenopathy patients were enrolled and lymph node sampling was performed. We also recruited 113 control subjects, consisting of 27 with positive results and 86 with negative results, in the interferon (IFN)-γ release assay (IGRA). In all study subjects, whole-blood samples were collected using the IGRA methodology. After incubation, plasma levels of IFN-γ and two CXCR3 ligands, IFN-inducible T-cell a chemoattractant (I-TAC) and monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG), were measured using immunoassay. Fifty-three TB-LAP patients were enrolled. TB antigen-stimulated IFN-γ, I-TAC, and MIG levels were all significantly higher in the TB-LAP patients than in the controls and non-TB-LAP patients. The levels of I-TAC and MIG, but not IFN-γ, showed significant differences between the TB-LAP patients and IGRA-positive controls. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of IFN-γ, I-TAC, and MIG were 0.955, 0.958, and 0.959, respectively, for differentiating TB-LAP from control group, and were 0.912, 0.956, and 0.936, respectively, for differentiating TB-LAP from non-TB-LAP. In conclusion, the TB antigen-stimulated MIG and I-TAC could be useful biomarkers in the diagnosis of TB-LAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wou-Young Chung
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Keu-Sung Lee
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Joo-Hun Park
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Yun-Jung Jung
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Seung-Soo Sheen
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Joo-Sung Sun
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Young-Hwa Ko
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Joo Park
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-219-5120
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12
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Bajaj AO, Saraswat S, Knuuttila JEA, Freeke J, Stielow JB, Barker AP. Accurate Identification of Closely Related Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Species by High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:656880. [PMID: 34239815 PMCID: PMC8259740 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.656880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and accurate differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species from other mycobacterium is essential for appropriate therapeutic management, timely intervention for infection control and initiation of appropriate health care measures. However, routine clinical characterization methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) species remain both, time consuming and labor intensive. In the present study, an innovative liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry method for the identification of clinically most relevant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species is tested using a model set of mycobacterium strains. The methodology is based on protein profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates, which are used as markers of differentiation. To test the resolving power, speed, and accuracy of the method, four ATCC type strains and 37 recent clinical isolates of closely related species were analyzed using this new approach. Using different deconvolution algorithms, we detected hundreds of individual protein masses, with a subpopulation of these functioning as species-specific markers. This assay identified 216, 260, 222, and 201 proteoforms for M. tuberculosis ATCC 27294™, M. microti ATCC 19422™, M. africanum ATCC 25420™, and M. bovis ATCC 19210™ respectively. All clinical strains were identified to the correct species with a mean of 95% accuracy. Our study successfully demonstrates applicability of this novel mass spectrometric approach to identify clinically relevant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species that are very closely related and difficult to differentiate with currently existing methods. Here, we present the first proof-of-principle study employing a fast mass spectrometry-based method to identify the clinically most prevalent species within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol O Bajaj
- Research & Development, Associated Regional and University Pathologists, Inc. (ARUP) Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Suraj Saraswat
- Research & Development, Associated Regional and University Pathologists, Inc. (ARUP) Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Juha E A Knuuttila
- Research & Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Helsinki-Vantaa, Finland
| | - Joanna Freeke
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center (UMC), Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Research & Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Landsmeer, Netherlands
| | - J Benjamin Stielow
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center (UMC), Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Research & Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Landsmeer, Netherlands
| | - Adam P Barker
- Research & Development, Associated Regional and University Pathologists, Inc. (ARUP) Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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13
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Ameke S, Asare P, Aboagye SY, Otchere ID, Osei-Wusu S, Yeboah-Manu D, Asante-Poku A. Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in the Volta Region of Ghana. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0238898. [PMID: 33730036 PMCID: PMC7968653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Available molecular epidemiological data from recent studies suggest significant genetic variation between the different lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and the MTBC lineages might have adapted to different human populations. AIM This study sought to determine the population structure of clinical MTBC isolates from the Volta Region of Ghana. METHODS The MTBC isolates obtained from collected sputum samples were identified by PCR detecting of IS6110 and genotyped using spoligotyping. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial isolates were characterized by amplification of the heat shock protein 65 (hsp65) gene and sequencing. The drug susceptibility profiles of the MTBCs determined using GenoType MTBDRplus. RESULTS One hundred and seventeen (117, 93.6%) out of 125 mycobacterial positive isolates were characterized as members of the MTBC of which M. tuberculosis sensu stricto (MTBss) and M. africanum (MAF) were respectively 94 (80.3%) and 23 (19.7%). In all, 39 distinct spoligotype patterns were obtained; 26 for MTBss and 13 for MAF lineages. Spoligotyping identified 89 (76%) Lineage 4, 16 (13.6%) Lineage 5, 7 (6.0%) Lineage 6, 3 (2.6%) Lineage 2, 1(0.9%) Lineage 3 and 1 (0.9%) Lineage 1. Among the Lineage 4 isolates, 62/89 (69.7%) belonged to Cameroon sub-lineage, 13 (14.7%) Ghana, 8 (9.0%) Haarlem, 2 (2.2%) LAM, 1 (1.1%) Uganda I, 1 (1.1%) X and the remaining two (2.2%) were orphan. Significant localization of MAF was found within the Ho municipality (n = 13, 29.5%) compared to the more cosmopolitan Ketu-South/Aflao (n = 3, 8.3%) (p-value = 0.017). Eight (8) non-tuberculous mycobacteria were characterized as M. abscessus (7) and M. fortuitum (1). CONCLUSION We confirmed the importance of M. africanum lineages as a cause of TB in the Volta region of Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selassie Ameke
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Prince Asare
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Yaw Aboagye
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaac Darko Otchere
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stephen Osei-Wusu
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adwoa Asante-Poku
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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14
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Multidrug resistant tuberculosis - Diagnostic challenges and its conquering by nanotechnology approach - An overview. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 337:109397. [PMID: 33508305 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the leading killer diseases that target the parenchymal tissues of lungs is Tuberculosis. Although antimycobacterial drugs are available, there are increased incidences of drug resistance encountered in Mycobacterium sp. They have been categorized into MDR (Multidrug resistant) and XDR (Extensively drug-resistant) strains exhibiting resistance toward successive treatment regimen. This situation threatens the futuristic containment of TB with the dearth of anti-TB drugs. Nanotechnology, the emerging multidisciplinary science has presented an excellent opportunity for timely and accurate diagnosis and discrimination of Mycobacteria via its unique physio-chemical and optical characteristics. The delayed and misdiagnosis of TB and lack of sensitive diagnostic method(s) has seen a paradigm shift toward nanoparticulate system for improved diagnosis, drug delivery and reduced treatment frequency. This review article highlights the evolution of tuberculosis and its transformation to multidrug resistant strain. Further, the conventional methods for diagnosing TB and the challenges encountered in their analytical performance have been highlighted and the strategies to overcome those challenges have been briefly discussed. Smart approaches encompassing metal nanoparticles, Quantum Dots (QDs) and Field Effect Transistors (FET) based biosensor for accurate diagnosis have been critically reviewed. A decade long state-of-the-art knowledge on TB nanodiagnostics, fabrication concepts and performance characteristics has been reviewed.
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15
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Response surface methodology optimized electrochemical DNA biosensor based on HAPNPTs/PPY/MWCNTs nanocomposite for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Talanta 2021; 226:122099. [PMID: 33676656 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An important issue in the prognosis of tuberculosis (TB) is a short period between correct diagnosis and start the suitable antibiotic therapy. So, a rapid and valid method for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) complex is considered as a necessity. Herein, a rapid, low-cost, and PCR-free DNA biosensor was developed based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polypyrrole (PPy), and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPNPs) for highly sensitive and specific recognition of M.tb. The biosensor consisted of M.tb ssDNA probe covalently attached to the HANPs/PPy/MWCNTs/GCE surface that hybridized to a complementary target sequence to form a duplex DNA. The M.tb target recognition was based on the oxidation signal of the electroactive Methylene Blue (MB) on the surface of the modified GCE using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. It is worth to mention that for the first time Plackett-Burman (PB) screening design and response surface method (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was applied as a powerful and an efficient approach to find optimal conditions for maximum M.tb biosensor performance leading to simplicity and rapidity of operation. The proposed DNA biosensor exhibits a wide detection range from 0.25 to 200.0 nM with a low detection limit of 0.141 nM. The performance of designed biosensor for clinical diagnosis and practical applications was revealed through hybridization between DNA probe-modified GCE and extracted DNA from sputum clinical samples.
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16
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Rodríguez-Hernández E, Quintas-Granados LI, Flores-Villalva S, Cantó-Alarcón JG, Milián-Suazo F. Application of antigenic biomarkers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:856-870. [PMID: 33150770 PMCID: PMC7670104 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The study and characterization of biomolecules involved in the interaction between mycobacteria and their hosts are crucial to determine their roles in the invasion process and provide basic knowledge about the biology and pathogenesis of disease. Promising new biomarkers for diagnosis and immunotherapy have emerged recently. Mycobacterium is an ancient pathogen that has developed complex strategies for its persistence in the host and environment, likely based on the complexity of the network of interactions between the molecules involved in infection. Several biomarkers have received recent attention in the process of developing rapid and reliable detection techniques for tuberculosis. Among the most widely investigated antigens are CFP-10 (10-kDa culture filtrate protein), ESAT-6 (6-kDa early secretory antigenic target), Ag85A, Ag85B, CFP-7, and PPE18. Some of these antigens have been proposed as biomarkers to assess the key elements of the response to infection of both the pathogen and host. The design of novel and accurate diagnostic methods is essential for the control of tuberculosis worldwide. Presently, the diagnostic methods are based on the identification of molecules in the humoral response in infected individuals. Therefore, these tests depend on the capacity of the host to develop an immune response, which usually is heterogeneous. In the last 20 years, special attention has been given to the design of multiantigenic diagnostic methods to improve the levels of sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we summarize the state of the art in the study and use of mycobacterium biomolecules with the potential to support novel tuberculosis control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba Rodríguez-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, Km. 1 Carretera a Colón, Ajuchitlán Colón, 76280, Colón, Querétaro, México
| | - Laura Itzel Quintas-Granados
- Universidad Mexiquense del Bicentenario, Unidad de Estudios Superiores de Tultitlán, Avenida Ex-Hacienda de Portales s/n, Villa Esmeralda, Tultitlán Estado de México, 54910, Tultitlán, México
| | - Susana Flores-Villalva
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, Km. 1 Carretera a Colón, Ajuchitlán Colón, 76280, Colón, Querétaro, México
| | - Jorge Germinal Cantó-Alarcón
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Feliciano Milián-Suazo
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, 76230, Querétaro, México
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17
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Lekko YM, Ooi PT, Omar S, Mazlan M, Ramanoon SZ, Jasni S, Jesse FFA, Che-Amat A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in wildlife: Review of current applications of antemortem and postmortem diagnosis. Vet World 2020; 13:1822-1836. [PMID: 33132593 PMCID: PMC7566238 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1822-1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic inflammatory and zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) members, which affects various domestic animals, wildlife, and humans. Some wild animals serve as reservoir hosts in the transmission and epidemiology of the disease. Therefore, the monitoring and surveillance of both wild and domestic hosts are critical for prevention and control strategies. For TB diagnosis, the single intradermal tuberculin test or the single comparative intradermal tuberculin test, and the gamma-interferon test, which is regarded as an ancillary test, are used. Postmortem examination can identify granulomatous lesions compatible with a diagnosis of TB. In contrast, smears of the lesions can be stained for acid-fast bacilli, and samples of the affected organs can be subjected to histopathological analyses. Culture is the gold standard test for isolating mycobacterial bacilli because it has high sensitivity and specificity compared with other methods. Serology for antibody detection allows the testing of many samples simply, rapidly, and inexpensively, and the protocol can be standardized in different laboratories. Molecular biological analyses are also applicable to trace the epidemiology of the disease. In conclusion, reviewing the various techniques used in MTBC diagnosis can help establish guidelines for researchers when choosing a particular diagnostic method depending on the situation at hand, be it disease outbreaks in wildlife or for epidemiological studies. This is because a good understanding of various diagnostic techniques will aid in monitoring and managing emerging pandemic threats of infectious diseases from wildlife and also preventing the potential spread of zoonotic TB to livestock and humans. This review aimed to provide up-to-date information on different techniques used for diagnosing TB at the interfaces between wildlife, livestock, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Madaki Lekko
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, 1069 PMB, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Peck Toung Ooi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharina Omar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mazlina Mazlan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sabri Jasni
- Department of Paraclinical, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Che-Amat
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Whole genome enrichment approach for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance-associated mutations from direct sputum sequencing. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 121:101915. [PMID: 32279871 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among infectious diseases worldwide. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), using routine culture-based methods is time consuming resulting in delayed diagnosis and poor treatment outcomes. Currently available molecular tests provide faster diagnosis but are able to screen only limited hot-spot mutations. Whole genome sequencing from direct sputum offers a potential solution, however, due to the presence of other microbes and host DNA its use in diagnostic testing remains challenging. In this study, we present a targeted Mtb-enrichment assay for lineage-4 coupled with an improved analysis pipeline that uses 1657 bacterial taxa as background for reducing non-Mtb genome from sputum DNA. This method drastically improved the recovery of Mtb DNA from sputum (Mtb alignment increased from 3% to >65%) as compared to non-enrichment-based sequencing. We obtained >99% Mtb genome coverage as compared to 49% in non-enriched sputum sequencing. We were able to identify Mtb positive samples from controls with 100% accuracy using Mpt64 gene coverage. Our method not only achieved 100% sensitivity to resistance variants profiled by line probe assay (LPA), but also outperformed LPA in determining drug resistance based on phenotypic drug susceptibility tests for 6 anti-tuberculosis drugs (accuracy of 97.7% and 92.8% by enriched WGS and LPA, respectively).
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19
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Gashaw F, Bekele S, Mekonnen Y, Medhin G, Ameni G, Erko B. High helminthic co-infection in tuberculosis patients with undernutritional status in northeastern Ethiopia. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:88. [PMID: 31623676 PMCID: PMC6798427 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis and parasitosis are the widely distributed diseases in Ethiopia with the leading cause of mortality and morbidity, respectively. There has been no information on the status of co-infections of tuberculosis and parasitosis in Oromia Zone of Amhara Region and South Wollo, Ethiopia. Hence, this study primarily focuses on determining the status of tuberculosis and parasitosis co-infections and associated factors. Methods The study was conducted in Oromia Special Zone of the Amhara Regional State and South Wollo Zone, northeastern Ethiopia from April 2015 to January 2017. Tuberculosis cases confirmed by health personnel at the health institutions were the source of the study sample. In a cross-sectional study 384 smear positive pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases were recruited. Faecal specimens provided by the study participants were examined for parasitic co-infections using direct saline microscopic test, Kato-Katz and concentration techniques. Nutritional status was determined using body mass index and mid-upper arm circumferences. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and Pearson chi-square. Results Tuberculosis and parasitosis co-infection prevalence was 10.8%, and the proportion of intestinal helminths accounted for 9.7% while intestinal protozoa accounted for 1.9%. Cases with single parasitic infection was 89.3% among co-infected individuals. Co-infection of both disease was not significantly associated with gender and age (P > 0.05). The prevalence of undernutrition was 58.6% as determined using body mass index and 73.0% as determined using mid-upper arm circumference with no significant association with gender. Among all forms of tuberculosis cases (384) screened for the study, the bacterial positivity was relatively more common in males (55.5%) than females (44.5%). Tuberculosis lymphadenitis was found to be the most prevalent (85.9%) form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis with cervical adenopathy (75.3%) being the commonly existing disease. Conclusions The rate of helminthic co-infection is predominantly high than that of intestinal protozoa. Single parasitic co-infection was more common than double or multiple co-infections. Both body mass index and mid-upper arm circumference anthropometric parameters revealed greater risk of undernutrition in tuberculosis patients. Thus, screening and prompt treatment of parasites in tuberculosis patients and a support of nutritional supplementation for malnourished tuberculosis patients should be further studied which might enhance the disease treatment and minimize the risk of its complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikru Gashaw
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .,Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .,Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Samuel Bekele
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yalemtsehay Mekonnen
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girmay Medhin
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gobena Ameni
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Erko
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Richomme C, Courcoul A, Moyen JL, Reveillaud É, Maestrini O, de Cruz K, Drapeau A, Boschiroli ML. Tuberculosis in the wild boar: Frequentist and Bayesian estimations of diagnostic test parameters when Mycobacterium bovis is present in wild boars but at low prevalence. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222661. [PMID: 31550287 PMCID: PMC6759143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is increasingly considered as a relevant actor in the epidemiology of animal tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, monitoring TB in this species is key when establishing comprehensive control schemes for this disease still present in Europe. No data are available on direct and indirect TB diagnostic methods in wild boars in epidemiological contexts where TB is endemic in cattle and detected in wild boars at low prevalence. We aimed to estimate and compare sensitivity and specificity values for bacterial culture, PCR and three commercial ELISAs, i.e. the TB ELISA-VK (using the bPPD antigen), INgezim TB Porcine and IDEXX M. bovis Ab Test (both using the MPB83 and MPB70 antigens), under field conditions in France. We used frequentist methods, with bacteriology as the gold standard, and a Bayesian formulation of the latent class analysis (LCA), without using a gold standard. Submandibular lymph nodes and sera from 495 wild boars hunter-harvested in three endemic areas (Aquitaine region, Côte d’Or region, and Corsica region) were collected between 2014 and 2016. Only eight individuals were positive for M. bovis by bacteriology (1.61%; CI95% 0.70–3.51%). The LCA method provided high specificities (99.2%; CI95% 98.2–99.8% for INgezim TB Porcine and 99.7%; CI95% 98.8–100% for IDEXX M. bovis Ab Test) and sensitivities (78.5%; CI95% 65.1–88.8% for INgezim TB Porcine and 83.9%; CI95% 58.9–97.2% for IDEXX M. bovis Ab Test) for both ELISAs using the MPB83 and MPB70 antigens. Bacterial culture showed limited sensitivity (42.8%; CI95% 19.0–70.6%), estimated as the probability of a positive result in an animal exposed to M. bovis. PCR and ELISA using the bPPD antigens demonstrated high specificities, and sensitivities intermediates between culture and the ELISAs using the MPB83 and MPB70 antigens. These results suggest that ELISA tests using the MPB83 and MPB70 antigens are useful to detect and monitor TB exposure of wild boar populations in field conditions in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Richomme
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, ANSES, Malzéville, France
| | - Aurélie Courcoul
- University Paris-Est, Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jean-Louis Moyen
- Laboratoire Départemental d’Analyse et de Recherche de la Dordogne, Coulounieix-Chamiers, France
| | - Édouard Reveillaud
- Unit of Coordination and Support to Surveillance, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Krystel de Cruz
- University Paris-Est, Laboratory for Animal Health, Tuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Antoine Drapeau
- University Paris-Est, Laboratory for Animal Health, Tuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Maria Laura Boschiroli
- University Paris-Est, Laboratory for Animal Health, Tuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
- * E-mail:
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21
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Shivangi, Beg MA, Meena LS. Mutational effects on structural stability of SRP pathway dependent co-translational protein ftsY of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Ma RQ, Gan L, Bi YW, Yuan YF, Ren H, Qian J. Clinical and laboratory features of PCR-confirmed periocular tuberculosis in China. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1865-1869. [PMID: 30450320 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experts lack knowledge of periocular tuberculosis (TB) in China. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) shows advantages in diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB. Our study aims to explore the clinical and laboratory features of PCR-confirmed periocular TB. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of presumptive periocular TB and performed nested PCR test to confirm diagnosis. Nine cases were recruited. Clinical symptoms were chronic and insidious. Eight cases achieved favorable visual acuity, while one underwent enucleation due to fungal-TB panophthalmitis. Sensitivity of caseous necrosis, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining and interferon γ release assay (T-SPOT) test are 33.3%, 44.4% and 85.7% respectively. Low lymphocyte percentage (P=0.019) and high monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (P=0.042) positively correlate with AFB staining. Male gender (P=0.048) and Langhans giant cell (P=0.048) positively correlate with caseous necrosis. To conclude, traditional TB ancillary tests are not as sensitive as nested PCR technique. Several factors facilitate diagnosis including male gender, decreased lymphocytes, and typical Langhans giant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qi Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying-Wen Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi-Fei Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
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23
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Aspatwar A, Winum JY, Carta F, Supuran CT, Hammaren M, Parikka M, Parkkila S. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Novel Drugs against Mycobacterial β-Carbonic Anhydrases: An Update on In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112911. [PMID: 30413024 PMCID: PMC6278287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria cause a variety of diseases, such as tuberculosis, leprosy, and opportunistic diseases in immunocompromised people. The treatment of these diseases is problematic, necessitating the development of novel treatment strategies. Recently, β-carbonic anhydrases (β-CAs) have emerged as potential drug targets in mycobacteria. The genomes of mycobacteria encode for three β-CAs that have been cloned and characterized from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and the crystal structures of two of the enzymes have been determined. Different classes of inhibitor molecules against Mtb β-CAs have subsequently been designed and have been shown to inhibit these mycobacterial enzymes in vitro. The inhibition of these centrally important mycobacterial enzymes leads to reduced growth of mycobacteria, lower virulence, and impaired biofilm formation. Thus, the inhibition of β-CAs could be a novel approach for developing drugs against the severe diseases caused by pathogenic mycobacteria. In the present article, we review the data related to in vitro and in vivo inhibition studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 34296 Montpellier CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
| | - Milka Hammaren
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Mataleena Parikka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
- Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
- Fimlab Ltd. and Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
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24
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Bekale RB, Du Plessis SM, Hsu NJ, Sharma JR, Sampson SL, Jacobs M, Meyer M, Morse GD, Dube A. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Interactions with the Host Immune System: Opportunities for Nanoparticle Based Immunotherapeutics and Vaccines. Pharm Res 2018; 36:8. [PMID: 30411187 PMCID: PMC6362825 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a deadly infectious disease. The thin pipeline of new drugs for TB, the ineffectiveness in adults of the only vaccine available, i.e. the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, and increasing global antimicrobial resistance, has reinvigorated interest in immunotherapies. Nanoparticles (NPs) potentiate the effect of immune modulating compounds (IMC), enabling cell targeting, improved transfection of antigens, enhanced compound stability and provide opportunities for synergistic action, via delivery of multiple IMCs. In this review we describe work performed in the application of NPs towards achieving immune modulation for TB treatment and vaccination. Firstly, we present a comprehensive review of M. tuberculosis and how the bacterium modulates the host immune system. We find that current work suggest great promise of NP based immunotherapeutics as novel treatments and vaccination systems. There is need to intensify research efforts in this field, and rationally design novel NP immunotherapeutics based on current knowledge of the mycobacteriology and immune escape mechanisms employed by M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymonde B Bekale
- Discipline of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Su-Mari Du Plessis
- NRF-DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nai-Jen Hsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jyoti R Sharma
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Samantha L Sampson
- NRF-DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Unit, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape (UWC), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gene D Morse
- AIDS Clinical Trials Group Pharmacology Specialty Laboratory, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Admire Dube
- Discipline of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
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25
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Ustinova VV, Smirnova TG, Sochivko DG, Varlamov DA, Larionova EE, Andreevskaya SN, Andrievskaya IY, Kiseleva EA, Chernousova LN, Ergeshov A. New assay to diagnose and differentiate between Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 114:17-23. [PMID: 30711153 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to create a real-time PCR test system allowing simultaneous detection of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) both in culture and sputum. NTM cultures (18 strains, 18 species), MTBC cultures (16 strains, 2 species) and non-mycobacterial microorganisms from the collection of the Central Research TB Institute (CTRI) were used for the preliminary evaluation of the test system. 301 NTM cultures from patients with mycobacteriosis were used to assess the sensitivity of the developed test system. Clinical respiratory samples (sputum) from 104 patients with mycobacteriosis, 3627 patients with tuberculosis and 118 patients with other lung diseases were used for diagnostic sensitivity and specificity testing. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay for MTBC was found to be 100% both in culture and sputum samples; for NTM, the specificity was 100% in culture and sputum, the sensitivity reached 100% in culture and 73.1% in sputum samples. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the assay for culture were both 100%, for clinical material 100% and 80.8%, respectively. The limit of detection at the probability of detection 95% (LoD95%) was estimated to be 16 cfu/ml for M. tuberculosis H37RV and 1200 cfu/ml for M. avium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera V Ustinova
- Microbiology Department, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute RAMS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana G Smirnova
- Microbiology Department, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute RAMS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry A Varlamov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena E Larionova
- Microbiology Department, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute RAMS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya N Andreevskaya
- Microbiology Department, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute RAMS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Andrievskaya
- Microbiology Department, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute RAMS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Kiseleva
- Microbiology Department, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute RAMS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larisa N Chernousova
- Microbiology Department, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute RAMS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Atadzhan Ergeshov
- Microbiology Department, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute RAMS, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Bhavanam S, Rayat GR, Keelan M, Kunimoto D, Drews SJ. Characterization of immune responses of human PBMCs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra: Impact of donor declared BCG vaccination history on immune responses and M. tuberculosis growth. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203822. [PMID: 30204787 PMCID: PMC6133369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterized the immune responses in early Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Ra infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-collagen matrix culture and the impact of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination history of donor PBMCs on the immune responses to Mtb infection. Aggregates of PBMCs were initially observed on day 3 and the size of aggregates continued to increase on day 8 post-infection, where macrophages and T cell subsets were identified to be present. Similarly, mycobacterial load progressively increased in infected PBMCs during the 8 days of culture but were significantly lower in infected PBMCs from BCG vaccinated (BCG+) donors compared to unvaccinated (BCG-) donors. The levels of INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in the supernatants of Mtb-infected PBMCs peaked at day 3 and decreased on days 5 and 8. The levels of these cytokines except IL-10 were significantly lower in Mtb-infected PBMCs from BCG+ donors compared to infected PBMCs from BCG- donors. The percentages of activated naïve Th cells, activated effector memory Th cells and activated central memory Tc cells were significantly higher in Mtb-infected PBMCs compared to uninfected PBMCs at day 8 post-infection. Further, the proportion of activated central memory Tc cells was significantly higher in infected PBMCs from BCG+ donors compared to the BCG- donors. This study highlights the possibility that BCG vaccination may confound results that utilize human PBMCs to study Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Bhavanam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gina R. Rayat
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Monika Keelan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dennis Kunimoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven J. Drews
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Chae H, Shin SJ. Importance of differential identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains for understanding differences in their prevalence, treatment efficacy, and vaccine development. J Microbiol 2018; 56:300-311. [PMID: 29721826 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a serious global health problem in the 21st century because of its high mortality. Mtb is an extremely successful human-adapted pathogen that displays a multifactorial ability to control the host immune response and to evade killing by drugs, resulting in the breakdown of BCG vaccine-conferred anti-TB immunity and development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb. Although genetic components of the genomes of the Mtb complex strains are highly conserved, showing over 99% similarity to other bacterial genera, recently accumulated evidence suggests that the genetic diversity of the Mtb complex strains has implications for treatment outcomes, development of MDR/XDR Mtb, BCG vaccine efficacy, transmissibility, and epidemiological outbreaks. Thus, new insights into the pathophysiological features of the Mtb complex strains are required for development of novel vaccines and for control of MDR/XDR Mtb infection, eventually leading to refinement of treatment regimens and the health care system. Many studies have focused on the differential identification of Mtb complex strains belonging to different lineages because of differences in their virulence and geographical dominance. In this review, we discuss the impact of differing genetic characteristics among Mtb complex strains on vaccine efficacy, treatment outcome, development of MDR/XDR Mtb strains, and epidemiological outbreaks by focusing on the best-adapted human Mtb lineages. We further explore the rationale for differential identification of Mtb strains for more effective control of TB in clinical and laboratory settings by scrutinizing current diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansong Chae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Mohammadi S, Esfahani BN, Moghim S, Mirhendi H, Zaniani FR, Safaei HG, Fazeli H, Salehi M. Optimal DNA Isolation Method for Detection of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Adv Biomed Res 2017; 6:133. [PMID: 29279831 PMCID: PMC5674650 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.217216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a group of opportunistic pathogens and these are widely dispersed in water and soil resources. Identification of mycobacteria isolates by conventional methods including biochemical tests, growth rates, colony pigmentation, and presence of acid-fast bacilli is widely used, but these methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and may sometimes remain inconclusive. Materials and Methods The DNA was extracted from NTM cultures using CTAB, Chelex, Chelex + Nonidet P-40, FTA® Elute card, and boiling The quantity and quality of the DNA extracted via these methods were determined using UV-photometer at 260 and 280 nm, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the heat-shock protein 65 gene with serially diluted DNA samples. Results The CTAB method showed more positive results at 1:10-1:100,000 at which the DNA amount was substantial. With the Chelex method of DNA extraction, PCR amplification was detected at 1:10 and 1:1000 dilutions. Conclusions According to the electrophoresis results, the CTAB and Chelex DNA extraction methods were more successful in comparison with the others as regard producing suitable concentrations of DNA with the minimum use of PCR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahram Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharareh Moghim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Riyahi Zaniani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hajieh Ghasemian Safaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Fazeli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahshid Salehi
- Regional Tuberculosis Reference Laboratories in Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Development of a One-Step Multiplex PCR Assay for Differential Detection of Major Mycobacterium Species. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:2736-2751. [PMID: 28659320 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00549-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of tuberculosis continues to be high, and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection has also emerged worldwide. Moreover, differential and accurate identification of mycobacteria to the species or subspecies level is an unmet clinical need. Here, we developed a one-step multiplex PCR assay using whole-genome analysis and bioinformatics to identify novel molecular targets. The aims of this assay were to (i) discriminate between the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and NTM using rv0577 or RD750, (ii) differentiate M. tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) from MTBC using RD9, (iii) selectively identify the widespread M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype by targeting mtbk_20680, and (iv) simultaneously detect five clinically important NTM (M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. abscessus, M. massiliense, and M. kansasii) by targeting IS1311, DT1, mass_3210, and mkan_rs12360 An initial evaluation of the multiplex PCR assay using reference strains demonstrated 100% specificity for the targeted Mycobacterium species. Analytical sensitivity ranged from 1 to 10 pg for extracted DNA and was 103 and 104 CFU for pure cultures and nonhomogenized artificial sputum cultures, respectively, of the targeted species. The accuracy of the multiplex PCR assay was further evaluated using 55 reference strains and 94 mycobacterial clinical isolates. Spoligotyping, multilocus sequence analysis, and a commercial real-time PCR assay were employed as standard assays to evaluate the multiplex PCR assay with clinical M. tuberculosis and NTM isolates. The PCR assay displayed 100% identification agreement with the standard assays. Our multiplex PCR assay is a simple, convenient, and reliable technique for differential identification of MTBC, M. tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype, and major NTM species.
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30
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Witkowski L, Orłowska B, Rzewuska M, Czopowicz M, Welz M, Anusz K, Kita J. Evidence of low prevalence of mycobacterial lymphadenitis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Poland. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:9. [PMID: 28122588 PMCID: PMC5264462 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium spp. and Rhodococcus equi are generally regarded as the main causes of lymphadenitis in pigs and wild boars. In Poland, mycobacterial submandibular lymphadenitis was first diagnosed in a wild boar in 2012 but Mycobacterium spp. infections are also present in the Polish population of European bison (Bison bonasus). The prevalence of lymphadenitis in Polish wild boars has been found to 8.4% (95% CI 6.2–11.3%) and it has been proved that R. equi is not an important cause of purulent lesions in these animals. The current study was carried out to assess the prevalence of mycobacterial lymphadenitis in the Polish wild boar population. Submandibular lymph nodes with purulent lesions collected from 38 wild boars in 2010/2011 and negative for R. equi were included. Calculations based on the hypergeometric approximation were used to determine the probability that at least one positive individual would be detected if the infection had been present at a prevalence greater than or equal to the design prevalence. All 38 samples were negative for Mycobacterium spp. [0% (95% CI 0, 9.2%)]. Epidemiological analysis showed that the true prevalence was 95% likely to be lower than 10%. In conclusion, mycobacterial lymphadenitis seems to occur rarely in wild boars in Poland. Due to the presence of Mycobacterium spp. infections in other wildlife, the surveillance of mycobacterial infections in wild animals in Poland remains an important issue.
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31
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Khosravi AD, Alami A, Meghdadi H, Hosseini AA. Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Clinical Specimens of Patients Suspected of Having Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis by Application of Nested PCR on Five Different Genes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:3. [PMID: 28144587 PMCID: PMC5239771 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Definitive and rapid diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging since conventional techniques have limitations due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease. To increase the sensitivity of detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in EPTB specimens, we performed a nested PCR assay targeting several genes of MTB on EPTB specimens. A total of 100 clinical specimens from suspected cases of EPTB were processed. Standard staining for acid fast bacilli (AFB) was performed as the preliminary screening test. Extracted DNAs from specimens were subjected to Nested PCR technique for the detection of five different MTB target genes of IS6110, IS1081, hsp65kd, mbp64, and mtp40. On performing AFB staining, only 13% of specimens were positive, of which ascites fluid (33.3%), followed by pleural effusion (30.8%) showed the greatest AFB positivity rate. We demonstrated slight improvement in yields in lymph node which comprised the majority of specimens in this study, by employing PCR targeted to IS6110- and hsp65-genes in comparison to AFB staining. However, the yields in ascites fluid and pleural effusion were not substantially improved by PCR, but those from bone and wound were, as in nested PCR employing either gene, the same positivity rate were obtained for ascites fluid (33.3%), while for pleural effusion specimens only IS1081 based PCR showed identical positivity rate with AFB stain (30.8%). The results for bone and wound specimens, however, demonstrated an improved yield mainly by employing IS1081 gene. Here, we report higher detection rate of EPTB in clinical specimens using five different targeted MTB genes. This nested PCR approach facilitates the comparison and the selection of the most frequently detected genes. Of course this study demonstrated the priority of IS1081 followed by mtp40 and IS6110, among the five tested genes and indicates the effectiveness of any of the three genes in the design of an efficient nested-PCR test that facilitates an early diagnosis of paucibacillary EPTB cases, which are difficult to diagnose with the available standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar D Khosravi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvaz, Iran; Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvaz, Iran
| | - Ameneh Alami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Meghdadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz, Iran
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Sinha P, Prakash P, Patne SCU, Anupurba S, Gupta S, Srivastava GN. Performance of nested multiplex PCR assay targeting MTP40 and IS6110 gene sequences for the diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis. J Microbiol 2016; 55:63-67. [PMID: 28035600 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-6127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The conventional methods for diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis (TBLN) such as - fine needle aspiration cytology, Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture have limitations of low sensitivity and/or specificity. So, it becomes essential to develop a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for an early diagnosis of TBLN. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (nMPCR) targeting MTP40 and IS6110 gene sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, respectively in 48 successive patients of TBLN and 20 random patients with non-tubercular lymph node lesions. Out of the 48 cases of TBLN, 14 (29.2%) were found to be positive by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, 15 (31.2%) were positive by culture and 43 (89.6%) cases were positive after first round of PCR while 48 (100%) cases were positive by nMPCR assay. The sensitivity and specificity of nMPCR was found to be 100% for the diagnosis of TBLN. The results thus obtained indicate that nMPCR assay is a highly sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of TBLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sinha
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradyot Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shashikant C U Patne
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shampa Anupurba
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sweety Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G N Srivastava
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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