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Fan Y, Zhang K, Chen M, Li N, Liu X, Yang M, Liang X, Wu J, Guo B, Zheng H, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Hang J, Zhang H, Wang R, Yuan Q, Song X, Wu S, Shen B, Zhang J. Comparative efficacy of vancomycin in treating ST5 and ST764 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adult patients. mSphere 2023; 8:e0045723. [PMID: 37905831 PMCID: PMC10732099 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00457-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that is resistant to multiple drugs and can cause serious infections. In recent years, one of the most widespread strains of MRSA worldwide has been the clonal complex 5 (CC5) type. Sequence type 5 (ST5) and ST764 are two prevalent CC5 strains. Although ST5 and ST764 are genotypically identical, ST764 is classified as a hybrid variant of ST5 with characteristics of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). In contrast to ST5, ST764 lacks the tst and sec genes but carries the staphylococcal enterotoxin B (seb) gene. Vancomycin is commonly used as the first-line treatment for MRSA infections. However, it is currently unclear whether the genetic differences between the ST5 and ST764 strains have any impact on the efficacy of vancomycin in treating MRSA infections. We conducted a prospective observational study comparing the efficacy of vancomycin against ST5-MRSA and ST764-MRSA in five hospitals in China. There were significant differences in bacteriological efficacy between the two groups, with virulence genes, such as the tst gene, being a risk factor for bacterial persistence (adjusted odds ratio, 4.509; 95% confidence interval, 1.216 to 16.724; P = 0.024). In the future, it may be necessary to consider personalized vancomycin treatment strategies based on the genetic characteristics of MRSA isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Fan
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiting Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanyang Li
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Yang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jufang Wu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beining Guo
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai and Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai and Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengying Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Putuo District People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingqing Hang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Putuo District People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Emergency and Critical Care Department, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Emergency and Critical Care Department, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolian Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbin Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yu S, Zhou Y, Feng D, Jiang Q, Li T, Jiang G, Zhou Z, Li H. Whole genome sequence-based characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food poisoning incidents in eastern China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1225472. [PMID: 37795294 PMCID: PMC10546991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen occasionally isolated from diarrhea patients. In recent years, increasing studies have reported the detection of S. aureus in food poisoning incidents due to food contamination in the North and South of China. However, the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of S. aureus from food poisoning incidents in Eastern China remain unknown. The present study examined the genetic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and virulent factors of multidrug-resistant S. aureus isolated from 22 food poisoning incidents reported by the hospitals and health centers in Eastern China from 2011 to 2021. A total of 117 resistant and enterotoxigenic S. aureus isolates were collected and sequenced, among which 20 isolates were identified as methicillin resistant. Genetic analysis revealed 19 distinct CC/ST types, with CC6, CC22, CC59, CC88, and CC398 being the most frequent variants in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). A considerable shift in CC types from CC1 to CC398 between 2011 and 2021 was observed in this study, indicating that CC398 may be the main epidemic strain circulating in the current food poisoning incidents. Additionally, genes for enterotoxins were detected in 55 isolates, with a prevalence of 27.8% (27/97) for methicillin-sensitive variants and 35.0% (7/20) for MRSA. The scn gene was detected in 59.0% of the isolates, demonstrating diverse contaminations of S. aureus among livestock-to-human transmission. Of the 117 isolates, only ten isolates displayed multi-drug resistance (MDR) to penicillin, tetracycline, and macrolides. None of the 117 foodborne S. aureus isolates tested positive for vanA in this study. Together, the present study provided phylogenetic characteristics of S. aureus from food poisoning incidents that emerged in Eastern China from 2011 to 2021. Our results suggested that these diarrhea episodes were hypotonic and merely transient low-MDR infections, however, further research for continued surveillance given the detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants is required to elucidate the genomic characteristics of pathogenic S. aureus in food poisoning incidents in the context of public health.
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Wang Y, Zhang P, Wu J, Chen S, Jin Y, Long J, Duan G, Yang H. Transmission of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between animals, environment, and humans in the farm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:86521-86539. [PMID: 37418185 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a fearsome bacterial pathogen that can colonize and infect humans and animals. Depending on the different sources, MRSA is classified as hospital-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (HA-MRSA), community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), and livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). LA-MRSA is initially associated with livestock, and clonal complexes (CCs) were almost always 398. However, the continued development of animal husbandry, globalization, and the widespread use of antibiotics have increased the spread of LA-MRSA among humans, livestock, and the environment, and other clonal complexes such as CC9, CC5, and CC8 have gradually emerged in various countries. This may be due to frequent host switching between humans and animals, as well as between animals. Host-switching is typically followed by subsequent adaptation through acquisition and/or loss of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as phages, pathogenicity islands, and plasmids as well as further host-specific mutations allowing it to expand into new host populations. This review aimed to provide an overview of the transmission characteristics of S. aureus in humans, animals, and farm environments, and also to describe the main prevalent clones of LA-MRSA and the changes in MGEs during host switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinzhao Long
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Li G, Walker MJ, De Oliveira DMP. Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010024. [PMID: 36677316 PMCID: PMC9866002 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus are both common commensals and major opportunistic human pathogens. In recent decades, these bacteria have acquired broad resistance to several major classes of antibiotics, including commonly employed glycopeptides. Exemplified by resistance to vancomycin, glycopeptide resistance is mediated through intrinsic gene mutations, and/or transferrable van resistance gene cassette-carrying mobile genetic elements. Here, this review will discuss the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus in healthcare, community, and agricultural settings, explore vancomycin resistance in the context of van and non-van mediated resistance development and provide insights into alternative therapeutic approaches aimed at treating drug-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus infections.
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Khokhlova OE, Vladimirov IV, Kozlov RS, Lazareva IV, Edelstein MV, Larionova IA, Molodtsova AV, Avdeeva VA, Fursova NK, Sidorenko SV. Molecular-Genetic Mechanisms of Resistance to Antibiotic of the Pathogens in Patients with Thermal Burns and Infection. MOLECULAR GENETICS, MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416822040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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Zhang H, Tian L, Chen T, Chen W, Ge Y, Bi J, Fang Z, Chen M. Prevalence and WGS-based characteristics of MRSA isolates in hospitals in Shanghai, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1002691. [PMID: 36406454 PMCID: PMC9668878 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1002691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates remain a serious threat to global health despite a decrease in MRSA infections since 2005. MRSA isolates exhibit great diversity worldwide, and their lineages show geographic variation. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to analyze antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes, spa, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, sequence types (STs), and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) of MRSA isolates from patients and environmental surface in hospitals in China to determine their prevalence and molecular traits. The highest number of infections by MRSA isolates was observed in patients aged ≥60 years (69.8%, P < 0.05). We identified a total of 19 STs from 162 MRSA isolates from patients. A significant increase was observed in the incidence of ST764-t002-II MRSA infection, which is replacing ST5-t002-II MRSA as the predominant ST. Similarly, isolates from environmental surface were predominantly ST764-t002-II (47%). Notably, most ST764 isolates (97.7%) carried seb, but not arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), which differed from ST764 isolates in Japan and Thailand. The potential danger of spreading requires rigorous surveillance of emerging ST764 MRSA isolates. We also found higher resistance to seven antimicrobials [OXA, cefoxitin (FOX), ERY, CFZ, ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LEV), and moxifloxacin (MXF)]. Resistance to gentamicin (38.3%), tetracycline (55.9%), and minocycline (41.5%) were also common. Phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials was associated with resistance genes to its content, and cgMLST clustering suggested a strong link between these strains. Overall, our findings revealed the prevalence and molecular characteristics of MRSA isolates in Shanghai, China, providing a theoretical reference for preventing and controlling clonal transmission of MRSA isolates in hospitals in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Chen
- Department for Pathogen Identification, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Zhao R, Wang X, Wang X, Du B, Xu K, Zhang F, Jiang C, Zhao Y, Zhu Y. Molecular characterization and virulence gene profiling of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with bloodstream infections in southern China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1008052. [PMID: 36325019 PMCID: PMC9618618 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes an enormous illness burden, including skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), pneumonia, bloodstream infections (BSI), and sepsis. BSI are associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, limited information is available on MRSA-related BSI in China. This study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization of 77 MRSA isolates recovered from hospitalized patients with BSI between 2012 and 2020 at three first-class tertiary hospitals in southern China based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. Overall, 13 clonal complexes (CCs) were identified, with CC59 and CC5 being the largest clusters, indicating high genetic diversity among BSI-causing MRSA isolates. ST59 was the most prevalent MLST type (22.1%). ST5/ST764-MRSA SCCmec II was the predominant adult MRSA clone, whereas ST59-MRSA SCCmec IV was the most common pediatric MRSA clone. ST5-t2460, ST764-t1084, and ST59-t437 were the most common types of adult MRSA isolates, whereas ST59-t437 and ST59-t172 were the predominant types of children’s MRSA isolates. ST59-SCCmec IV/V represented the most common clone among community acquired-MRSA isolates. ST5/ST764-SCCmec II was the most common type of hospital-associated MRSA isolate. The most prevalent toxin-encoding genes detected were hla, hld, icaA, and clfA (96.1–100%). Forty-three (100%, 43/43) isolates harbored more than 18 of the tested virulence genes in adults and eight virulence genes (23.5%, 8/34) in children. Virulence gene analysis revealed diversity among different clones: the positivity rates for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene were 55.8 and 35.3% in adult and pediatric MRSA isolates, respectively; the genes seb–sei were present in all adult strains; seb–seg–sei–seo were present in all ST5, ST59, ST15, ST45, and ST22 adult strains; and seg–sei–sem–sen–seo were present in different clones, including ST15, ST45, and ST22 adult MRSA isolates and ST25, ST30, ST546, and ST72 children’s MRSA isolates. Adult MRSA isolates had significantly higher antibiotic resistance rates and virulence gene prevalence than pediatric MRSA isolates. For 8 years, this study provided epidemiological data on the molecular characteristics and virulence genes in different groups of MRSA BSI in China. Our findings may provide critical information for a better understanding of MRSA BSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingyu Du
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Faming Zhang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changhong Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Yanfeng Zhao,
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yefei Zhu,
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Abbasi Montazeri E, Khosravi AD, Khazaei S, Sabbagh A. Prevalence of methicillin resistance and superantigenic toxins in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with cancer. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:262. [PMID: 34587897 PMCID: PMC8482601 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), antibiotic resistance patterns, superantigenic toxins profile, and clonality of this pathogen in patients with cancer. RESULTS In total, 79 (25.7%) isolates were confirmed as Staphylococcus species, from which 38 (48.1%) isolates were S. aureus, and 29 (76.3%) isolates were confirmed as MRSA. The highest resistance in MRSA strains was seen against ciprofloxacin (86.2%) and erythromycin (82.8%). Teicoplanin, and linezolid were the most effective antibiotics. From all MRSA isolates, 3 strains (10.3%) were resistant to vancomycin with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 128 μg/ml. The prevalence of superantigenic toxins genes was as follows: pvl (10.5%), tsst-1 (36.8%), etA (23.7%), and etB (23.7%). The t14870 spa type with frequency of 39.5% was the most prevalent clone type circulating in the cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the circulating of spa t14870 as the most predominant MRSA clone in cancer patients of southwest Iran. Also, a diverse antibiotic resistance pattern and toxin profiles were seen among MRSA isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Abbasi Montazeri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Azar Dokht Khosravi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Khazaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ali Sabbagh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Bai Z, Chen M, Lin Q, Ye Y, Fan H, Wen K, Zeng J, Huang D, Mo W, Lei Y, Liao Z. Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus From Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus and Molecular Characterization in Quanzhou, China. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629681. [PMID: 33553185 PMCID: PMC7858276 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To distinguish Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in the protein sequences level, test the susceptibility to antibiotic of all Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Quanzhou hospitals, define the virulence factor and molecular characteristics of the MRSA isolates. MRSA and MSSA Pfam protein sequences were used to extract feature vectors of 188D, n-gram and 400D. Weka software was applied to classify the two Staphylococcus aureus and performance effect was evaluated. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the 81 Staphylococcus aureus was performed by the Mérieux Microbial Analysis Instrument. The 65 MRSA isolates were characterized by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), X polymorphic region of Protein A (spa), multilocus sequence typing test (MLST), staphylococcus chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing. After comparing the results of Weka six classifiers, the highest correctly classified rates were 91.94, 70.16, and 62.90% from 188D, n-gram and 400D, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of the 81 Staphylococcus aureus: Penicillin-resistant rate was 100%. No resistance to teicoplanin, linezolid, and vancomycin. The resistance rate of the MRSA isolates to clindamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline was higher than that of the MSSAs. Among the 65 MRSA isolates, the positive rate of PVL gene was 47.7% (31/65). Seventeen sequence types (STs) were identified among the 65 isolates, and ST59 was the most prevalent. SCCmec type III and IV were observed at 24.6 and 72.3%, respectively. Two isolates did not be typed. Twenty-one spa types were identified, spa t437 (34/65, 52.3%) was the most predominant type. MRSA major clone type of molecular typing was CC59-ST59-spa t437-IV (28/65, 43.1%). Overall, 188D feature vectors can be applied to successfully distinguish MRSA from MSSA. In Quanzhou, the detection rate of PVL virulence factor was high, suggesting a high pathogenic risk of MRSA infection. The cross-infection of CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA was presented, the molecular characteristics were increasingly blurred, HA-MRSA with typical CA-MRSA molecular characteristics has become an important cause of healthcare-related infections. CC59-ST59-spa t437-IV was the main clone type in Quanzhou, which was rare in other parts of mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Microbiological Laboratory Sanming Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sanming, China
| | - Qiaofa Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaizhen Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China
| | - Jianxing Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China
| | - Donghong Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Mo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Bae JS, Da F, Liu R, He L, Lv H, Fisher EL, Rajagopalan G, Li M, Cheung GYC, Otto M. Contribution of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B to Staphylococcus aureus Systemic Infection. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:1766-1775. [PMID: 32937658 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), which is produced by the major human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, represents a powerful superantigenic toxin and is considered a bioweapon. However, the contribution of SEB to S. aureus pathogenesis has never been directly demonstrated with genetically defined mutants in clinically relevant strains. Many isolates of the predominant Asian community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus lineage sequence type (ST) 59 harbor seb, implying a significant role of SEB in the observed hypervirulence of this lineage. We created an isogenic seb mutant in a representative ST59 isolate and assessed its virulence potential in mouse infection models. We detected a significant contribution of seb to systemic ST59 infection that was associated with a cytokine storm. Our results directly demonstrate that seb contributes to S. aureus pathogenesis, suggesting the value of including SEB as a target in multipronged antistaphylococcal drug development strategies. Furthermore, they indicate that seb contributes to fatal exacerbation of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Bae
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fei Da
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan Liu
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Emilie L Fisher
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gordon Y C Cheung
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Otto
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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11
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Rasheed NA, Hussein NR. Characterization of different virulent factors in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from Iraqis and Syrian refugees in Duhok city, Iraq. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237714. [PMID: 32804961 PMCID: PMC7430753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious public health problem. There is limited information regarding the genetics of MRSA strains among the native Iraqi and incoming Syrian refugee communities. We aimed to characterize the genotypes and different virulence factors of MRSA in strains isolated from these two communities. Frozen MRSA strains (125) isolated from the native Iraqi and Syrian refugee communities were used in this study. PCR (singleplex and multiplex) and agr typing was used for the genotypic analysis of different virulence genes. We tested for the presence of virulence genes including pvl, arcA, tst, lukE/lukD, hla, hlb, eta, etb and agr. Prevalence of arcA MRSA in the Iraqi community (56.58%) was significantly higher (p = 0.008) than that in the Syrian refugee community (32.66%). Prevalence of lukE-lukD was also significantly higher (p = 0.001) in the Iraqi (82.89%) compared to that in the Syrian refugee community (57.14%). Further, prevalence of hla MRSA in the Iraqi community was (93.4%) and in the Syrian refugee community was (71.4%); (p = 0.0008). No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of pvl, tst, eta, etb and hlb. The most dominant agr types in both Iraqi (76.1% and 10.5%) and Syrian refugee (44.9% and 18.37%) communities were I and III. To sum up, no significant differences were observed between the groups for a majority of virulence factors. This is the first investigation of MRSA genotypes and virulence in both these communities. These results could be useful for further studies that assess the genetic relatedness of strains in the region for epidemiological and monitoring purposes, which would be crucial to limiting the spread of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin A. Rasheed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Akre Technical Institute, Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- * E-mail:
| | - Nawfal R. Hussein
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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12
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Insufficient repeatability and reproducibility of MALDI-TOF MS-based identification of MRSA. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 65:895-900. [PMID: 32613406 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is essential for proper initial antibiotic therapy and timely set up of hygienic measures. Recently, detection of MRSA using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer mediated by the peptide-phenol-soluble modulin (PSM-mec)-linked to the class A mec gene complex present in SCCmec cassettes types II, III, and VIII of MRSA strains, has been commercially available. We present here a multicentre study on MALDI-TOF MS detection of MRSA evincing a poor repeatability and reproducibility of the assay. The sensitivity of the assay varies between 50 and 90% in strains carrying psmMEC and psmδ genes encoding for PSM-mec and δ-toxin (a member of the PSM peptide family), respectively. No false positive results were found. The very major error calculation was 30% and the major error achieved 0%. Interlaboratory repeatability varies between 0 and 100%. No significant difference was observed with the use of different cultivation media. Our data showed a poor sensitivity of the method excluding it from the use in routine laboratory testing.
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13
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage rate and molecular characterization of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec among Syrian refugees in Iraq. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 91:218-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Pardo L, Machado V, Cuello D, Aguerrebere P, Seija V, Braga V, Varela G. Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotypes and their associated genotypes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a tertiary level public hospital of Uruguay. Rev Argent Microbiol 2020; 52:202-210. [PMID: 31928835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the resistance phenotypes to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics and their associated genotypes in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. We analyzed one hundred, consecutive, non-duplicate isolates (methicillin-susceptible MSSA, n=53 and methicillin-resistant MRSA, n=47) obtained from various clinical samples between July 2012 to December 2013. The resistance profile to MLSB antibiotics was determined by phenotypic methods and the resistance genes were detected by PCR assays. All of the isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (SmaI-PFGE). The overall prevalence of resistance to MLSB antibiotics was 38% and the resistance phenotype distribution was as follows: cMLSB, 22%; iMLSB, 10%; MSB, 5% and L, 1%. We detected ermA, ermC, ermB and mrsA/B genes in these resistant isolates. The single ermA gene was commonly observed mainly in those with a cMLSB R phenotype, whereas the combination ermA and ermC was more commonly observed in isolates with inducible expression. The patterns of SmaI-PFGE suggest a great genetic diversity in both MRSA and MSSA resistant to MLSB antibiotics. The results demonstrate the local presence of S. aureus resistant to MLSB antibiotics and its most frequently described responsible genes. Some of these isolates, especially those with the iMLSB phenotype, may be associated with therapeutic failure. Therefore, efforts should be directed to the correct detection of all MLSB resistant isolates using appropriate laboratory tests. PFGE results reveal a wide spread of resistance genes rather than the circulation of S. aureus clones resistant to MLSB antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pardo
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Montevideo Alfredo Navarro 3051 (south entrance), 11800, Uruguay
| | - Virginia Machado
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Montevideo Alfredo Navarro 3051 (south entrance), 11800, Uruguay
| | - Dianna Cuello
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Montevideo Alfredo Navarro 3051 (south entrance), 11800, Uruguay
| | - Paula Aguerrebere
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Montevideo Alfredo Navarro 3051 (south entrance), 11800, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Seija
- Bacteriology Laboratory, "Hospital Pasteur", Montevideo, Larravide 2458, 11800, Uruguay; Laboratory of Public Health, Alfredo Navarro 3051 (north-entrance), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Braga
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Montevideo Alfredo Navarro 3051 (south entrance), 11800, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Varela
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Montevideo Alfredo Navarro 3051 (south entrance), 11800, Uruguay.
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview of basic and clinical research. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 17:203-218. [PMID: 30737488 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 930] [Impact Index Per Article: 232.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most successful modern pathogens. The same organism that lives as a commensal and is transmitted in both health-care and community settings is also a leading cause of bacteraemia, endocarditis, skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections and hospital-acquired infections. Genetically diverse, the epidemiology of MRSA is primarily characterized by the serial emergence of epidemic strains. Although its incidence has recently declined in some regions, MRSA still poses a formidable clinical threat, with persistently high morbidity and mortality. Successful treatment remains challenging and requires the evaluation of both novel antimicrobials and adjunctive aspects of care, such as infectious disease consultation, echocardiography and source control. In this Review, we provide an overview of basic and clinical MRSA research and summarize the expansive body of literature on the epidemiology, transmission, genetic diversity, evolution, surveillance and treatment of MRSA.
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Characterisation of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus causing skin and soft tissue infections in a children's hospital in Shanghai, China. Epidemiol Infect 2019; 147:e323. [PMID: 31831085 PMCID: PMC7006014 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268819002127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen responsible for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of community-acquired S. aureus isolates recovered from paediatric patients with SSTIs in Shanghai, China. Between January 2015 and January 2018, 91 community-acquired S. aureus isolates were characterised by antibiotic susceptibility, multilocus sequence typing (ST), staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) type and virulence genes. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were also characterised by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type. Forty-one (45.1%) S. aureus isolates were MRSA. ST59 (33.0%, 30/91) was the most common sequence type, and t437 (18.7%, 17/91) was the most common spa type. SCCmec IV and V accounted for 61.0% and 34.1% of all MRSA isolates, respectively. Each isolate carried at least six virulence genes. The positive rates of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes among all S. aureus, MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates were 30.8% (28/91), 39.0% (16/41) and 24% (12/50), respectively. The prevalence of community-associated MRSA was surprisingly high among children with community-acquired SSTIs in Shanghai. ST59-t437 was the most prevalent community-acquired S. aureus clone causing SSTIs.
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17
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Molecular characteristics and virulence gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Hainan, China. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:873. [PMID: 31640587 PMCID: PMC6805582 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been no reports regarding the molecular characteristics, virulence features, and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from Hainan, the southernmost province of China. Methods Two hundred twenty-seven S. aureus isolates, consisting of 76 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 151 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), were collected in 2013–2014 and 2018–2019 in Hainan, and investigated for their molecular characteristics, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance profiles and main antibiotic resistance genes. Results Forty sequence types (STs) including three new STs (ST5489, ST5492 and ST5493), and 79 Staphylococcal protein A (spa) types were identified based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing, respectively. ST398 (14.1%, 32/227) was found to be the most prevalent, and the prevalence of ST398-MSSA increased significantly from 2013 to 2014 (5.5%, 5/91) to 2018–2019 (18.4%, 25/136). Seventy-six MRSA isolates were subject to staphylococcus chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing. SCCmec-IVa was the predominant SCCmec type, and specifically, ST45-SCCmec IVa, an infrequent type in mainland China, was predominant in S. aureus from Hainan. The antibiotic resistance profiles and antibiotic resistance genes of S. aureus show distinctive features in Hainan. The resistant rates of the MRSA isolates to a variety of antibiotics were significantly higher than those of the MSSA isolates. The predominant erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes were ermC (90.1%, 100/111) and tetK (91.8%, 78/85), respectively. Eleven virulence genes, including the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and eta, were determined, and the frequency of eta and pvl were found to be 57.3 and 47.6%. Such high prevalence has never been seen in mainland China before. Conclusion S. aureus isolates in Hainan have unique molecular characteristics, virulence gene and antibiotic resistance profiles, and main antibiotic resistance genes which may be associated with the special geographical location of Hainan and local trends in antibiotic use.
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18
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Emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus EMRSA-15 clone as the predominant cause of diabetic foot ulcer infections in Portugal. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 39:179-186. [PMID: 31599357 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are often found in infected diabetic foot ulcers, in which the prevalence may reach 40%. These complications are one of the main causes of morbidity in diabetic patients. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of MRSA strains in infected diabetic foot ulcers and to characterize their genetic lineages. Samples collected from 42 type 2 diabetic patients, presenting infected foot ulcers, were seeded onto ORSAB plates with 2 mg/L of oxacillin for MRSA isolation. Susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents was tested by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The presence of resistance genes, virulence factors, and the immune evasion cluster system was studied by PCR. All isolates were characterized by MLST, accessory gene regulator (agr), spa, and staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing. Twenty-five MRSA strains were isolated. All isolates showed resistance to penicillin and cefoxitin. Sixteen isolates showed phenotypic resistance to erythromycin being 7 co-resistant to clindamycin. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was found in 2 isolates harboring the dfrA and dfrG genes. The IEC genes were detected in 80% of isolates, 16 of which were ascribed to IEC-type B. Isolates were assigned to 12 different spa types. The MLST analysis grouped the isolates into 7 sequence types being the majority (68%) ascribed to SCCmec type IV. In this study, there was a high prevalence of the EMRSA-15 clone presenting multiple resistances in diabetic foot ulcers making these infections complicated to treat leading to a higher morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients.
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19
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de Carvalho SP, de Almeida JB, Andrade YMFS, Silva LSCD, Chamon RC, Santos KRND, Marques LM. Molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospital and community environments in northeastern Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2019; 23:134-138. [PMID: 31103436 PMCID: PMC9425645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized 30 MRSA isolates from intensive care unit (ICU) environment and equipment surfaces and healthy children. The SCCmec types I, IVa and V were detected in HA-MRSA isolates while CA-MRSA showed the SCCmec type IVa and V. Most isolates were classified as agr group II. All isolates presented the sei gene, and only HA-MRSA were positive for etb e tst genes. Three genotypes were related to Pediatric (ST5/SCCmecIV) and Berlin (ST45/SCCmecIV) clones. The present study showed molecular similarity between CA- and HA-MRSA isolates in hospital and community settings in a Brazilian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzi P de Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Jéssica B de Almeida
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Yasmin M F S Andrade
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Lucas S C da Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Raiane C Chamon
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia R N Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Marques
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil.
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20
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Abd El-Hamid MI, Bendary MM, Merwad AMA, Elsohaby I, Mohammad Ghaith D, Alshareef WA. What is behind phylogenetic analysis of hospital-, community- and livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus? Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1506-1517. [PMID: 30892827 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been shown to be the predominant life-threatening pathogen in Egypt. MRSA is a major cause of severe healthcare-associated (HA) infections. During the last decades, the incidence of community-associated (CA) MRSA infections has a complex epidemiology arising from the circulation of different strains in the general population. Moreover, livestock-associated (LA) MRSA emerged recently becomes an emerging threat to public health. Therefore, it is important to illuminate the differences between CA-, HA- and LA-MRSA to shed light on their genetic diversity and evolution. This study presents the first data on analysing the correlation between CA-, LA- and HA-MRSA using antibiogram typing, molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes' profiles. Overall, HA-MRSA strains tended to be multidrug resistant and less virulent than both LA- and CA-MRSA strains. Importantly, CA-MRSA strains had a high homology with each of HA- and LA-MRSA. However, no similarity was observed between HA- and LA-MRSA. Our findings suggest that the epidemiological changes in genetic behaviour between HA- and LA-MRSA are due to the presence of CA-MRSA confirming that CA-MRSA has created a public health crisis worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
| | - M M Bendary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said Governorate, Egypt
| | - A M A Merwad
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
| | - I Elsohaby
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.,Department of Animal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
| | - D Mohammad Ghaith
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo City, Egypt
| | - W A Alshareef
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October Governorate, Egypt
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Comparison of community- and healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates at a Chinese tertiary hospital, 2012-2017. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17916. [PMID: 30559468 PMCID: PMC6297250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission between community-associated (CA-) and healthcare-associated (HA-) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased the challenge of infection control. To understand the clonal evolution and transmission of MRSA isolates, we compared the characteristics of 175 CA-MRSA and 660 HA-MRSA strains at a Chinese tertiary hospital in 2012–2017. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed on VITEK system, the genetic background of the isolates was characterized by SCCmec, spa, and MLST typing, while virulence determinants were screened using conventional PCR. Although more than 70% of the CA-MRSA isolates were erythromycin and clindamycin resistant, CA-MRSA was more susceptible than HA-MRSA to most of the antibiotics tested. ST239-MRSA-III-t030 (30%) was the most prevalent clone among HA-MRSA, while ST59-MRSA-IVa-t437 (28.8%) was the major clone among CA-MRSA. Notably, ST59-MRSA-IVa-t437 accounted for 6.7% of the chosen HA-MRSA isolates. Additionally, difference in virulence gene content was found between the CA- and HA-MRSA strains. In conclusion, epidemiological characteristics were largely different between CA- and HA-MRSA. Although ST239-MRSA-III-t030 is still the predominant clone among HA-MRSA, the community clone ST59-MRSA-IVa-t437 has the potential of becoming an essential part of HA-MRSA in the region tested.
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Xie X, Dai X, Ni L, Chen B, Luo Z, Yao Y, Wu X, Li H, Huang S. Molecular epidemiology and virulence characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in medical laboratory staff: comparison between microbiological and non-microbiological laboratories. BMC Infect Dis 2018. [PMID: 29529992 PMCID: PMC5848597 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Medical laboratory staff are a high-risk population for colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) due to direct and dense contact with the pathogens; however, there is limited information about this colonization. This study sought to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of nasal colonization by S. aureus in medical laboratory staff in Guangzhou, southern China, and to compare the differences between microbiological laboratory (MLS) and non-microbiological laboratory (NMLS) staff. Methods S. aureus colonization was assessed by nasal swab cultures from 434 subjects, including 130 MLSs and 304 NMLSs from 33 hospitals in Guangzhou. All S. aureus isolates underwent the antimicrobial susceptibility test, virulence gene detection and molecular typing. Results The overall prevalence of S. aureus carriage was 20.1% (87/434), which was higher in MLSs than in NMLSs (26.2% vs. 17.4%, P < 0.05), while the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was similar. Living with hospital staff was associated with S. aureus carriage. The majority of the isolates harboured various virulence genes, and those in MLSs appeared less resistant to antibiotics and more virulent than their counterparts. A total of 37 different spa types were detected; among these, t338, t437, t189 and t701 were the most frequently encountered types. T338 was the main spa type contributing to nasal colonization Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) (13.0%), and t437-SCCmec IV was predominant in MRSA isolates (40%). Conclusions These findings provide insight into the risk factors, molecular epidemiology and virulence gene profiles of S. aureus nasal carriage among the medical laboratory staff in Guangzhou. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3024-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xinlu Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lijia Ni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Baiji Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhaofan Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Yandan Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiquan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zengcheng District People Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511300, China. .,Department of Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Songyin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Department of Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Chen K, Lin S, Li P, Song Q, Luo D, Liu T, Zeng L, Zhang W. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with burns in a regional burn center, Southeastern China. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:51. [PMID: 29370771 PMCID: PMC5785813 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-2955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background S.aureus is a predominant pathogen that causes infection in critically ill patients, but little information exists regarding the characterization of S. aureus from different sources in burn patients in southeastern China. Methods We enrolled 125 patients with S. aureus infection in burns center between Jan 2014 and Dec 2015. S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility test, toxin gene detection, and molecular typing with multilocus sequence type, staphylococcal protein A (spa) type, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type. Results Sixty-eight MRSA were isolated from SSTI and 31 from non-SSTI patients, respectively. Overall, the drug-resistant ability of S. aureus isolated from SSTI was higher than that from non-SSTI groups. SCCmecIII-CC239-t030 was the most common clone (38 from SSTIs, and 8 from non-SSTIs). Seg was the most common enterotoxin gene (21 from SSTIs and 33 from non-SSTIs). Isolates from SSTIs was more likely to carry seb (P = 0.04), while those from non-SSTIs tended to carry sea and seg (P = 0.002 and 0.01, respectively). Although isolates carried four hemolysin genes, there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Conclusion SCCmecIII-CC239-t030 was the most common clone in Jiangxi burns center, China. The molecular characterization of S. aureus was quite different between SSTI and non-SSTI groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisen Chen
- Department of clinical laboratory, The first Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang university, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shirong Lin
- Department of emergency, The first Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Peiqun Li
- The College of Public Health of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qiuyue Song
- The College of Public Health of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Dong Luo
- Department of emergency, The first Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of respiration, The first Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Department of respiration, The first Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of respiration, The first Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Liang BS, Huang YM, Chen YS, Dong H, Mai JL, Xie YQ, Zhong HM, Deng QL, Long Y, Yang YY, Gong ST, Zhou ZW. Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of CvfB, SEK and SEQ genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from paediatric patients with bloodstream infections. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5143-5148. [PMID: 29201229 PMCID: PMC5704349 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most frequently isolated pathogens in neonatal cases of early and late-onset sepsis. Drug resistance profiles and carriage of toxin genes may affect the treatment and outcome of an infection. The present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and frequencies of the toxin-associated genes conserved virulence factor B (CvfB), staphylococcal enterotoxin Q (SEQ) and staphylococcal enterotoxin K (SEK) among S. aureus isolates recovered from paediatric patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) in Guangzhou (China). Of the 53 isolates, 43.4% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and resistance rates to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin of 92.5, 66.0, 62.3, 13.2, 20.8 and 1.9% were recorded, respectively. However, no resistance to nitrofurantoin, dalfopristin/quinupristin, rifampicin, gentamicin, linezolid or vancomycin was detected. Resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline in the MRSA group was significantly higher than that in the methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) group. No significant differences in antimicrobial resistance patterns were noted between two age groups (≤1 year and >1 year). The proportion of S. aureus isolates positive for CvfB, SEQ and SEK was 100, 34.0 and 35.8%, respectively, with 24.5% (13/53) of strains carrying all three genes. Compared with those in MSSA isolates, the rates of SEK, SEQ and SEK + SEQ carriage among MRSA isolates were significantly higher. Correlations were identified between the carriage of SEQ, SEK and SEQ + SEK genes and MRSA (contingency coefficient 0.500, 0.416, 0.546, respectively; P<0.01). In conclusion, MRSA isolated from the blood of paediatric patients with BSIs not only exhibited higher rates of antimicrobial resistance than MSSA from the same source, but also more frequently harboured SEK and SEQ genes. The combination of the two aspects influenced the dissemination of MRSA among children. The present study clarified the characteristics of BSI-associated S. aureus and enhanced the current understanding of the pathogenicity and treatment of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Shao Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Mei Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Shuang Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Hui Dong
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Liang Mai
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Xie
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Min Zhong
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Lian Deng
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yan Long
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Yu Yang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Si-Tang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Wen Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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Bazzi AM, Al-Tawfiq JA, Rabaan AA, Neal D, Ferraro A, Fawarah MM. Antibiotic Based Phenotype and Hospital Admission Profile are the Most Likely Predictors of Genotyping Classification of MRSA. Open Microbiol J 2017; 11:167-178. [PMID: 29151993 PMCID: PMC5678371 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801711010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and financial burdens. Phenotyping methods are used to classify MRSA as either health care MRSA (HA-MRSA) or community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Recent studies suggested the phenotyping methods are not always reliable, based on a lack of concordance with genotyping results. Objective: In this study, concordance of classification methods based on clinical characteristics or antibiotic susceptibility compared to the gold standard genotyping was assessed in the classification of MRSA. Methods: We compared the genotypes and phenotypes of MRSA in 133 samples taken from patients in Saudi Arabia. Statistical analyses included concordance, specificity and sensitivity, and logistic regression modeling. Results: There was fair a definite agreement between the health care risk and infection type methods (p < .001), but no statistically significant agreement between the susceptibility pattern and health care risk methods (p = 243), and between susceptibility pattern and infection type methods (p = .919). Reduced multiple regression modelling suggested the potential of a phenotyping-based method of antibiotic susceptibility pattern (OR = 15.47, p < .001) in conjunction with hospital admission profile(OR = 2.87, p = .008) to accurately identify MRSA as HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA. Conclusion: The use of a standardized phenotyping technique, using susceptibility pattern and hospital admission profiles to classify MRSA infections as either HA-MRSA or CA-MRSA, would facilitate diagnosis, infection control efforts, prevention, and assignment of appropriate therapies. The ability to use phenotyping in the classification of these strains would improve efforts to contend with this adept and evolving bacterial organism.
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Analysis of Morphologically Similar Staphylococcus aureus Colonies for Assessment of Phenotypic and Genotypic Correlation. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:2285-2286. [PMID: 28490490 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00402-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Carvalho SPD, Almeida JBD, Andrade YMFS, Silva LSCD, Oliveira ACD, Nascimento FS, Campos GB, Oliveira MV, Timenetsky J, Marques LM. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying SCCmec type IV and V isolated from healthy children attending public daycares in northeastern Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2017; 21:464-467. [PMID: 28482183 PMCID: PMC9427827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have increasingly been reported in healthy communities. This study aimed to assess the rate of S. aureus in general and MRSA in particular from nasal secretion of children in daycare centers in Vitória da Conquista, Brazil. The isolates were identified based on morphology, biochemical tests and by PCR. Detection of virulence genes, biofilm production, and susceptibility test by disk diffusion agar were performed. MRSA isolates were characterized by spa, SCCmec, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). S. aureus were recovered from 70 (47.3%) of 148 children. Among the 11 MRSA strains (15.7%), two SCCmec types (IV and V) were detected. MLST identified four STs related to three clonal complexes (CC): 5, 45, and 398. Four spa types were found circulating in this setting. Resistance of S. aureus isolates to ampicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and tetracycline was 80%, 32.8%, 7.1%, 7.1% and 4.3%, respectively. One isolate presented intermediate resistance to vancomycin detected by Etest methodology. All strains were biofilm producers. The virulence genes seb, sec, spa, and pvl were detected in some isolates. This study revealed a high rate of children carrying MRSA among healthy attendees in daycare centers in Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzi P de Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Microbiologia, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Tecnologia em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Jéssica B de Almeida
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Microbiologia, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Tecnologia em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Yasmin M F S Andrade
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Tecnologia em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Lucas S C da Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Tecnologia em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Arianne C de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Tecnologia em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Flávia S Nascimento
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Tecnologia em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Guilherme B Campos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio V Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Tecnologia em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Marques
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Microbiologia, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Tecnologia em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Chen BJ, Xie XY, Ni LJ, Dai XL, Lu Y, Wu XQ, Li HY, Yao YD, Huang SY. Factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and molecular characteristics among the general population at a Medical College Campus in Guangzhou, South China. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2017; 16:28. [PMID: 28399856 PMCID: PMC5387264 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-017-0206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nasal cavity is the main colonization site of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in human body. Nasal carriage may be a strong risk factor for some serious infection. There was still limited information about the nasal carriage for S. aureus in south China. METHODS Sought to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of S. aureus nasal carriage, 295 volunteers residing on a medicine campus were investigated and sampled the nasal cavity swab. Selected S. aureus isolates were carried through molecular analysis, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence analysis, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and virulence gene detection. RESULTS A total of 73 S. aureus isolates were recovered from separate subjects (24.7%, 73/295), with one methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolate (0.3%, 1/295). Among the 73 isolates, 71 isolates were successfully grouped into 13 pulsotypes by PFGE analysis, with profiles A and L the most prevalent; 12 sequence types (STs) were found among the 23 isolates which had similar drug resistant spectrum. ST59, ST188 and ST1 were the most prevalent, accounting for 17.4, 13.0 and 13.0% of all isolates, respectively. The MRSA isolate presented ST8-SCCmec III. 56.5% of isolates carried both the staphylococcal enterotoxin A (sea) and enterotoxin B (seb) genes. 83.6% of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin, all isolates were susceptible to quinupristin/dalfopristin, levofloxacin, teicoplanin and vancomycin. The most common risk factors for S. aureus carriage were being male, age ≤30 years, and nasal cavity cleaning habits. CONCLUSIONS Colonization by S. aureus was greater among male and young age (20-30 years) students and those with irregularity nasal cleaning. The S. aureus isolates selected were revealed into various sequence types and pulsotypes, indicating molecular heterogeneity among S. aureus isolates from the populations in the medical college in Guangzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Chen
- Department of Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - X Y Xie
- Department of Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - L J Ni
- Department of Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - X L Dai
- Department of Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Y Lu
- Cross Infection Control Office, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - X Q Wu
- Department of Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - H Y Li
- Department of Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Y D Yao
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - S Y Huang
- Department of Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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OHADIAN MOGHADAM S, POURMAND MR, DOURAGHI M, SABZI S, GHAFFARI P. Utilization of PFGE as a Powerful Discriminative Tool for the Investigation of Genetic Diversity among MRSA Strains. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 46:351-356. [PMID: 28435821 PMCID: PMC5395531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant challenge to the burn patient. The implementation of proper monitoring programs and prompt identification of epidemic MRSA strains are critical to consequently control and eradicate potential outbreaks. This study aimed to define the genetic relatedness of MRSA strains isolated from burn patients by analyzing the large fragments of DNA. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 126 pus/wound swabs from skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) were collected from inpatients of Shahid Motahari Burn Center (Tehran, Iran) in 2013. Then, molecular typing of MRSA was achieved by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS The PFGE analysis of MRSA indicated 31 single types and 5 common types. There was a significant diversity in the chromosomal digestion pattern of the MRSA strains explained by the acquisition of MRSA from various sources. CONCLUSION The permanent import of novel types of MRSA strains despite the rigorous infection control measures carried out within the center. The importance of PFGE in understanding the epidemiology of MRSA may serve as a basis for the development of rational control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz OHADIAN MOGHADAM
- Uro-oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza POURMAND
- Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | - Masoumeh DOURAGHI
- Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira SABZI
- Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa GHAFFARI
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Joshi PR, Acharya M, Aryal R, Thapa K, Kakshapati T, Seng R, Singh A, Sitthisak S. Emergence of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type I with high-level mupirocin resistance among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in China. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 17:26. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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