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Angulo-Elizari E, Henriquez-Figuereo A, Morán-Serradilla C, Plano D, Sanmartín C. Unlocking the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinones: A comprehensive review of their anticancer properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116249. [PMID: 38458106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer encompasses a group of pathologies with common characteristics, high incidence, and prevalence in all countries. Although there are treatments available for this disease, they are not always effective or safe, often failing to achieve the desired results. This is why it is necessary to continue the search for new therapies. One of the strategies for obtaining new antitumor drugs is the use of 1,4-naphthoquinone as a scaffold in synthetic or natural products with antitumor activity. This review focuses on compiling studies related to the antitumor activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural and synthetic derivatives over the last 10 years. The work describes the main natural naphthoquinones with antitumor activity and classifies the synthetic naphthoquinones based on the structural modifications made to the scaffold. Additionally, the formation of metal complexes using naphthoquinones as a ligand is considered. After a thorough review, 197 synthetic compounds with potent biological activity against cancer have been classified according to their chemical structures and their mechanisms of action have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Angulo-Elizari
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andreina Henriquez-Figuereo
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Morán-Serradilla
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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2
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Xing L, Wang L, Liu S, Sun L, Wessel GM, Yang H. Single-Cell Transcriptome and Pigment Biochemistry Analysis Reveals the Potential for the High Nutritional and Medicinal Value of Purple Sea Cucumbers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12213. [PMID: 37569587 PMCID: PMC10419132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus has important nutritional and medicinal value. Unfortunately, we know little of the source of active chemicals in this animal, but the plentiful pigments of these animals are thought to function in intriguing ways for translation into clinical and food chemistry usage. Here, we found key cell groups with the gene activity predicted for the color morphology of sea cucumber body using single-cell RNA-seq. We refer to these cell populations as melanocytes and quinocytes, which are responsible for the synthesis of melanin and quinone pigments, respectively. We integrated analysis of pigment biochemistry with the transcript profiles to illuminate the molecular mechanisms regulating distinct pigment formation in echinoderms. In concert with the correlated pigment analysis from each color morph, this study expands our understanding of medically important pigment production, as well as the genetic mechanisms for color morphs, and provides deep datasets for exploring advancements in the fields of bioactives and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (L.X.); (S.L.); (H.Y.)
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Shilin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (L.X.); (S.L.); (H.Y.)
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (L.X.); (S.L.); (H.Y.)
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gary M. Wessel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (L.X.); (S.L.); (H.Y.)
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Gurung D, Danielson JA, Tasnim A, Zhang JT, Zou Y, Liu JY. Proline Isomerization: From the Chemistry and Biology to Therapeutic Opportunities. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1008. [PMID: 37508437 PMCID: PMC10376262 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Proline isomerization, the process of interconversion between the cis- and trans-forms of proline, is an important and unique post-translational modification that can affect protein folding and conformations, and ultimately regulate protein functions and biological pathways. Although impactful, the importance and prevalence of proline isomerization as a regulation mechanism in biological systems have not been fully understood or recognized. Aiming to fill gaps and bring new awareness, we attempt to provide a wholistic review on proline isomerization that firstly covers what proline isomerization is and the basic chemistry behind it. In this section, we vividly show that the cause of the unique ability of proline to adopt both cis- and trans-conformations in significant abundance is rooted from the steric hindrance of these two forms being similar, which is different from that in linear residues. We then discuss how proline isomerization was discovered historically followed by an introduction to all three types of proline isomerases and how proline isomerization plays a role in various cellular responses, such as cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, T-cell activation, and ion channel gating. We then explore various human diseases that have been linked to the dysregulation of proline isomerization. Finally, we wrap up with the current stage of various inhibitors developed to target proline isomerases as a strategy for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurung
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jacob A Danielson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Afsara Tasnim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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4
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Szeliga M, Rola R. Menadione Potentiates Auranofin-Induced Glioblastoma Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415712. [PMID: 36555352 PMCID: PMC9778806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Recently, agents increasing the level of oxidative stress have been proposed as anticancer drugs. However, their efficacy may be lowered by the cytoprotective activity of antioxidant enzymes, often upregulated in neoplastic cells. Here, we assessed the mRNA and protein expression of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), a master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis, in GBM and non-tumor brain tissues. Next, we examined the influence of an inhibitor of TrxR1, auranofin (AF), alone or in combination with a prooxidant menadione (MEN), on growth of GBM cell lines, patient-derived GBM cells and normal human astrocytes. We detected considerable amount of TrxR1 in the majority of GBM tissues. Treatment with AF decreased viability of GBM cells and their potential to form colonies and neurospheres. Moreover, it increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pre-treatment with ROS scavenger prevented the AF-induced cell death, pointing to the important role of ROS in the reduction of cell viability. The cytotoxic effect of AF was potentiated by treatment with MEN. In conclusion, our results identify TrxR1 as an attractive drug target and highlights AF as an off-patent drug candidate in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szeliga
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-226086416
| | - Radosław Rola
- Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski-ego Str., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Pharmacotherapeutic potential of walnut (Juglans spp.) in age-related neurological disorders. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 14:1-20. [PMID: 36507190 PMCID: PMC9727645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Global and regional trends of population aging spotlight major public health concerns. As one of the most common adverse prognostic factors, advanced age is associated with a remarkable incidence risk of many non-communicable diseases, affecting major organ systems of the human body. Age-dependent factors and molecular processes can change the nervous system's normal function and lead to neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress results from of a shift toward reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the equilibrium between ROS generation and the antioxidant defense system. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation caused by Amyloid-ß protein deposition in the human brain are the most likely pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Walnut extracts could reduce Amyloid-ß fibrillation and aggregation, indicating their beneficial effects on memory and cognition. Walnut can also improve movement disabilities in Parkinson's disease due to their antioxidant and neuroprotective effect by reducing ROS and nitric oxide (NO) generation and suppressing oxidative stress. It is noteworthy that Walnut compounds have potential antiproliferative effects on Glioblastoma (the most aggressive primary cerebral neoplasm). This effective therapeutic agent can stimulate apoptosis of glioma cells in response to oxidative stress, concurrent with preventing angiogenesis and migration of tumor cells, improving the quality of life and life expectancy of patients with glioblastoma. Antioxidant Phenolic compounds of the Walnut kernel could explain the significant anti-convulsion ability of Walnut to provide good prevention and treatment for epileptic seizures. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of Walnut oil could be beneficial in treating multiple sclerosis. In this study, we review the pharmaceutical properties of Walnut in age-related neurological disorders.
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Targeting prolyl isomerase Pin1 as a promising strategy to overcome resistance to cancer therapies. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106456. [PMID: 36116709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of tumor therapeutic resistance is one of the important reasons for the failure of antitumor therapy. Starting with multiple targets and multiple signaling pathways is helpful in understanding the mechanism of tumor resistance. The overexpression of prolyl isomerase Pin1 is highly correlated with the malignancy of cancer, since Pin1 controls many oncogenes and tumor suppressors, as well as a variety of cancer-driving signaling pathways. Strikingly, numerous studies have shown that Pin1 is directly involved in therapeutic resistance. In this review, we mainly summarize the functions and mechanisms of Pin1 in therapeutic resistance of multifarious cancers, such as breast, liver, and pancreatic carcinomas. Furtherly, from the perspective of Pin1-driven cancer signaling pathways including Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, as well as Pin1 inhibitors containing juglone, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), it is better to demonstrate the important potential role and mechanism of Pin1 in resistance and sensitization to cancer therapies. It will provide new therapeutic approaches for clinical reversal and prevention of tumor resistance by employing synergistic administration of Pin1 inhibitors and chemotherapeutics, implementing combination therapy of Pin1-related cancer signaling pathway inhibitors and Pin1 inhibitors, and exploiting novel Pin1-specific inhibitors.
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Ayran M, Dirican AY, Saatcioglu E, Ulag S, Sahin A, Aksu B, Croitoru AM, Ficai D, Gunduz O, Ficai A. 3D-Printed PCL Scaffolds Combined with Juglone for Skin Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090427. [PMID: 36134974 PMCID: PMC9495790 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin diseases are commonly treated with antihistamines, antibiotics, laser therapy, topical medications, local vitamins, or steroids. Since conventional treatments for wound healing (skin allografts, amnion, xenografts, etc.) have disadvantages such as antigenicity of the donor tissue, risk of infection, or lack of basement membrane, skin tissue engineering has become a popular new approach. The current study presents the design and fabrication of a new wound-dressing material by the addition of Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) to a 25% Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold. Juglone (J) is a significant allelochemical found in walnut trees and, in this study is used as a bioactive material. The effects of different amounts of J (1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg) on the biocompatibility, mechanical, chemical, thermal, morphological, and antimicrobial properties of the 3D-printed 25% PCL scaffolds were investigated. The addition of J increased the pore diameter of the 25% PCL scaffold. The maximum pore size (290.72 ± 14 µm) was observed for the highest amount of J (10 mg). The biocompatibility tests on the scaffolds demonstrated biocompatible behavior from the first day of incubation, the 25% PCL/7.5 J scaffold having the highest viability value (118%) among all of the J-loaded scaffolds. Drug release of J into phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 showed that J was completely released from all 25% PCL/J scaffolds within 7 days of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Ayran
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Akif Yahya Dirican
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Elif Saatcioglu
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Songul Ulag
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Burak Aksu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Alexa-Maria Croitoru
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
- Correspondence: (O.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street 3, 50044 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.G.); (A.F.)
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Pozdnyakov DI, Dayronas ZV, Zolotych DS, Geraschenko AD, Shabanova NB. Neuroprotective effects of a 40% ethanol extract of the black walnut bark (Juglans nigra L.). RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.77172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Neuroprotection is a promising area of adjuvant therapy of ischemic brain lesions. At the same time, among potentially effective neuroprotectors, herbal remedies are distinguished due to their high efficiency and safety of use. In this work, some aspects of the neuroprotective effect of 40% ethanol extract of black walnut bark were investigated in comparison with its major component juglone.
Materials and methods: The work was performed on male Wistar rats, which were simulated with cerebral ischemia by irreversible occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The acute toxicity of the extract was preliminarily evaluated. During the work, the following parameters were determined: changes in the behavior of animals in the Morris water maze, cerebral blood flow, brain necrosis zone area, the activity of mitochondrial complexes, citrate synthase activity, lactic, pyruvic, and ATP concentrations. The activity of the studied extract was compared with juglone in a concentration of 1 mg/kg (per os).
Discussion: The study showed that the use of black walnut bark extract in conditions of cerebral ischemia contributed to an increase in the activity of mitochondrial complexes I-V, citrate synthase, which in turn led to the normalization of aerobic-anaerobic metabolism reactions. The increase in the activity of respiratory complexes is probably mediated by the antioxidant properties of juglone, which is a major component of the test extract of black walnut bark.
Conclusion: Thus, the test extract can be a potentially effective neuroprotective agent and requires further study.
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Zhang J, Fu M, Wu J, Fan F, Zhang X, Li C, Yang H, Wu Y, Yin Y, Hua W. The Anti-Glioma Effect of Juglone Derivatives through ROS Generation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:911760. [PMID: 35774612 PMCID: PMC9237211 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.911760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Juglone has been extensively reported as a natural antitumor pigment. However, it is easy to be oxidized due to active hydroxy in the quinone. Here, we designed some new juglone derivatives, as the hydroxy was replaced by methyl (D1), allyl (D2), butyl (D3), and benzyl (D4) groups. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and mass spectrometry were applied to confirm the derivatives and oxidative products of juglone. U87 and U251 cell lines were used for tests in vitro, and primary human glioblastoma cells were applied for in vivo experiments. The CCK8 and EdU assay demonstrated the anti-tumor effect of the four derivatives, and IC50 for U87 was 3.99, 3.28, 7.60, and 11.84 μM, respectively. In U251, IC50 was 7.00, 5.43, 8.64, and 18.05 μM, respectively. D2 and D3 were further selected, and flow cytometry showed that apoptosis rates were increased after D2 or D3 treatment via ROS generation. Potential targets were predicted by network pharmacology analysis, most of which were associated with apoptosis, cell cycle, and metabolism pathway. CDC25B and DUSP1 were two of the most likely candidates for targets. The orthotopic glioblastoma model was established to evaluate the anti-glioma effect and side-effect of juglone derivatives, and the in vivo experiments confirmed the anti-glioma effects of juglone derivatives. In conclusion, new derivatives of juglone were created via chemical group substitution and could inhibit glioma cell viability and proliferation and induce apoptosis rate via ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengfeng Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghe Wu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yiming Yin, ; Yonghe Wu, ; Wei Hua,
| | - Yiming Yin
- Departmeng of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiming Yin, ; Yonghe Wu, ; Wei Hua,
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yiming Yin, ; Yonghe Wu, ; Wei Hua,
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Effect of juglone on C-32 and COLO 829 melanoma cells in in vitro cultures. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2022; 103:29-39. [PMID: 36605377 PMCID: PMC9642942 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2022.113913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Juglone is an allelopathin secreted by black walnut tree of the Juglandaceae family and is used as an active ingredient in many herbal preparations and as a commercial dye. It is considered as an important phytochemical with wide therapeutic potential. Black walnut extract has long been used in folk medicine to treat various types of cancers. It demonstrates antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of juglone on the viability and proliferation of melanoma cells of C-32 (amelanotic melanoma) and COLO 829 (melanotic melanoma) cell lines in vitro and on the mRNA expression of genes encoding the proapoptotic BAX protein and caspase 3 and the gene encoding antiapoptotic BCL2 protein. The results showed a dose-dependent effect of juglone on the viability, proliferation, and death induction in C-32 and COLO 829 melanoma cells and in HFF-1 normal dermal fibroblasts in in vitro cultures, but melanoma cells were more sensitive to juglone. Our findings revealed different mRNA expression patterns for all the studied genes in melanoma and normal cells treated with juglone in in vitro cultures.
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Ferreira GM, Lima APB, Pereira GR, Silva GND, Brandão GC. Synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative effects of naphtho [2,3- b] thiophen-4,9-quinone on bladder tumor cells. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35133203 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2036143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Naphthoquinones are natural plants products or synthesized compounds. They have α, β-cyclic aromatic dienones structure with a naphthalene skeleton. Little is known about naphthoquinone and nothing about naphtho [2,3-b] thiophen-4,9-quinone effects on bladder cancer. In this study, a naphthoquinone containing a hetero sulfur atom was synthesized using classical synthetic method. The molecular structure was elucidated by NMR techniques and the antitumor effects were evaluated on bladder tumor cell lines with different TP53 status using tripan blue and MTT cytotoxic method, quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), wound healing, cell morphology and cell cycle progression assays. The results showed selective cytotoxicity, colonies reduction, morphological change, inhibition of the cell migration process, induction of ROS production and cell cycle arrest. Naphtho [2,3-b] thiophen-4,9-quinone presents antiproliferative activity regardless TP53 status and may be a promising agent in the treatment of bladder cancer, as they have an oxidizing effect and interfere with cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Monteze Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIPHARMA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Braga Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIPHARMA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rocha Pereira
- Departamento de Física e Química Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Informática ICEI, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Glenda Nicioli da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIPHARMA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Célio Brandão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIPHARMA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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12
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Rai N, Sydykov A, Kojonazarov B, Wilhelm J, Manaud G, Veeroju S, Ruppert C, Perros F, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Seeger W, Schermuly RT, Novoyatleva T. Targeting peptidyl-prolyl isomerase 1 in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.01698-2021. [PMID: 35058248 PMCID: PMC9403440 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01698-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterised by pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotype in vascular cells, leading to pulmonary vascular remodelling and right heart failure. Peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA interacting 1 (Pin1), a highly conserved enzyme, which binds to and catalyses the isomerisation of specific phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs, acting as a molecular switch in multiple coordinated cellular processes. We hypothesised that Pin1 plays a substantial role in PAH and its inhibition with a natural organic compound, Juglone, would reverse experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH).We demonstrated that the expression of Pin1 was markedly elevated in experimental PH (i.e. hypoxia induced mouse and Sugen/hypoxia induced rat models) and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of patients with clinical PAH. In vitro Pin1 inhibition by either Juglone treatment or siRNA knock-down resulted in an induction of apoptosis and decrease in proliferation of human pulmonary vascular cells. Stimulation with growth factors induced Pin1 expression, while its inhibition reduced the activity of numerous PAH-related transcription factors, such as hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT). Juglone administration lowered pulmonary vascular resistance, enhanced RV function, improved pulmonary vascular and cardiac remodelling in the Sugen/hypoxia rat model of PAH and the chronic hypoxia-induced PH model in mice.Our study demonstrates that targeting of Pin1 with small molecule inhibitor, Juglone, might be an attractive future therapeutic strategy for PAH and right heart disease secondary to PAH.
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13
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Koch K, Hartmann R, Suwala AK, Rios DH, Kamp MA, Sabel M, Steiger HJ, Willbold D, Sharma A, Kahlert UD, Maciaczyk J. Overexpression of Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter xCT Correlates with Nutrient Flexibility and ZEB1 Expression in Highly Clonogenic Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells (GSCs). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236001. [PMID: 34885110 PMCID: PMC8672273 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of glioma (WHO grade IV), and mounting evidence suggests that glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) play an important role in tumor growth and response to therapy. In the current study, we sought to understand the metabolic dependencies of GSCs using high-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). In a defined experimental setting, we stratified in vitro GSC models into two subtypes (Gln/GluHigh, Gln/GluLow) and used diverse molecular approaches to perform comprehensive analyses in GSC neurosphere cultures and primary GBM samples. Abstract Cancer stem-like cells mediate tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance; however, their identification and selective eradication remain challenging. Herein, we analyze the metabolic dependencies of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) with high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. We stratify our in vitro GSC models into two subtypes primarily based on their relative amount of glutamine in relationship to glutamate (Gln/Glu). Gln/GluHigh GSCs were found to be resistant to glutamine deprivation, whereas Gln/GluLow GSCs respond with significantly decreased in vitro clonogenicity and impaired cell growth. The starvation resistance appeared to be mediated by an increased expression of the glutamate/cystine antiporter SLC7A11/xCT and efficient cellular clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, we were able to directly correlate xCT-dependent starvation resistance and high Gln/Glu ratios with in vitro clonogenicity, since targeted differentiation of GSCs with bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) impaired xCT expression, decreased the Gln/Glu ratio, and restored the sensitivity to glutamine starvation. Moreover, significantly reduced levels of the oncometabolites lactate (Lac), phosphocholine (PC), total choline (tCho), myo-inositol (Myo-I), and glycine (Gly) were observed in differentiated GSCs. Furthermore, we found a strong association between high Gln/Glu ratios and increased expression of Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and xCT in primary GBM tumor tissues. Our analyses suggest that the inhibition of xCT represents a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma; thus, we could further extend its importance in GSC biology and stress responses. We also propose that monitoring of the intracellular Gln/Glu ratio can be used to predict nutrient stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.K.); (D.H.R.); (M.S.); (H.-J.S.); (U.D.K.)
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hartmann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany; (R.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Abigail Kora Suwala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dayana Herrera Rios
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.K.); (D.H.R.); (M.S.); (H.-J.S.); (U.D.K.)
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Marcel Alexander Kamp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre of Neuro-Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Michael Sabel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.K.); (D.H.R.); (M.S.); (H.-J.S.); (U.D.K.)
| | - Hans-Jakob Steiger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.K.); (D.H.R.); (M.S.); (H.-J.S.); (U.D.K.)
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany; (R.H.); (D.W.)
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.K.); (D.H.R.); (M.S.); (H.-J.S.); (U.D.K.)
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Clinic of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University and University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jarek Maciaczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)228-287-16531
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Redox ticklers and beyond: Naphthoquinone repository in the spotlight against inflammation and associated maladies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105968. [PMID: 34752922 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular redox status has been considered as a focal point for the pathogenesis of multiple disorders. High and persistent levels of free radicals kick off inflammation and associated disorders. Though oxidative stress at high levels is harmful but at low levels it has been shown to exert cytoprotective effects. Therefore, cytoprotection by perturbation in cellular redox balance is a leading strategy for therapeutic interventions. Prooxidants are potent redox modifiers that generate mild oxidative stress leading to a spectrum of bioactivities. Naphthoquinones are a group of highly reactive organic chemical species that interact with biological systems owing to their prooxidants nature. Owing to the ability of naphthoquinones and its derivatives to perturb redox balance in a cell and modulate redox signaling, they have been in epicenter of drug development for plausible utilization in multiple clinical settings. The present review highlights the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural derivatives (plumbagin, juglone, lawsone, menadione, lapachol and β-lapachone) as redox modifiers with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-microbial activities for implication in therapeutic settings.
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15
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Understanding the Mechanism of Formation of a Response to Juglone for Intact and Immobilized Bacterial Cells as Recognition Elements of Microbial Sensors: Processes Causing the Biosensor Response. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11020056. [PMID: 33669923 PMCID: PMC7924839 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microbial reactor sensors (based on freshly harvested intact microbial cells) or microbial membrane sensors (based on immobilized microbial cells) can be used as convenient instruments for studying processes that cause the response of a biosensor, such as the properties of enzymes or the characteristics of metabolism. However, the mechanisms of the formation of biosensors responses have not yet been fully understood to study only one of these processes. In this work, the results of studies on the formation of a response to juglone for intact and immobilized bacterial cells used as receptors are presented. It was shown that the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the formation of the biosensor response depends on the culture receptor and the form of juglone, quinone, or phenolate used. The response to the quinone form of juglone both for intact and immobilized cells of catalase-positive actinobacterium is formed regardless of the presence of ROS. The response of freshly harvested intact actinobacterial cells was caused by the rate of the enzymatic conversion of juglone. The rate of the response of immobilized actinobacterial cells was influenced by the activity of transport systems and metabolism. The response of immobilized pseudomonad cells was caused by the transport of juglone into cells, the inhibitory effect of juglone-induced ROS, and juglone metabolism.
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16
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Tang T, Wang LX, Yang ML, Zhang RM. lncRNA TPTEP1 inhibits stemness and radioresistance of glioma through miR‑106a‑5p‑mediated P38 MAPK signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4857-4867. [PMID: 33173989 PMCID: PMC7646932 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is diagnosed as the most common intracranial malignant tumor. Cancer stem cells determine stemness and radioresistance, and may facilitate glioma recurrence. The present study aimed to investigate whether the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transmembrane phosphatase with tensin homology pseudogene 1 (TPTEP1) regulated cell stemness and radioresistance of glioma, and determine the underlying molecular mechanism of TPTEP1 in the modulation of glioma progression. Cell and molecular biology techniques were applied for investigating the role of TPTEP1 in glioma cell lines, animal model, and clinical samples. The results demonstrated that TPTEP1 attenuated stemness and radioresistance of glioma both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, TPTEP1 augmented MAPK14 expression by competitively interacting with microRNA (miR)-106a-5p, thus activating the P38 MAPK signaling pathway, and suppressing glioma stemness and radioresistance. TPTEP1 functionally bound to miR-106a-5p, which formed a reciprocal regulatory loop to stimulate the P38 MAPK signaling pathway. Low TPTEP1 expression levels were detected in high-grade glioma tissues compared with low-grade glioma tissues, and were positively associated with poor prognosis of patients with glioma. Furthermore, analysis using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database confirmed the molecular mechanism and biological significance of dysregulation of TPTEP1 in glioma progression. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that TPTEP1 may be applied as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator for glioma, and may be an alternative target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Xing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Li Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Mou Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
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Wang K, Gong Q, Zhan Y, Chen B, Yin T, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Ke J, Du B, Liu X, Xiao J. Blockage of Autophagic Flux and Induction of Mitochondria Fragmentation by Paroxetine Hydrochloride in Lung Cancer Cells Promotes Apoptosis via the ROS-MAPK Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:397. [PMID: 32039209 PMCID: PMC6987457 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by malignant proliferation and aberrant metabolism and are thereby liable to the depletion of nutrients and accumulation of metabolic waste. To maintain cellular homeostasis, cancer cells are prone to upregulating the canonical autophagy pathway. Here, we identified paroxetine hydrochloride (Paxil) as a late autophagy inhibitor and investigated its killing effect on lung cancer cells and with a xenograft mouse model in vivo. Upregulated LC3-II and p62 expression indicated that Paxil inhibited autophagy. Acid-sensitive dyes (e.g., LysoTracker and AO staining) indicated reduced lysosomal acidity following Paxil treatment; consequently, the maturation of the pH-dependent hydroxylases (e.g., cathepsin B and D) substantially declined. Paxil also induced the fragmentation of mitochondria and further intensified ROS overproduction. Since the autophagy pathway was blocked, ROS rapidly accumulated, which activated JNK and p38 kinase. Such activity promoted the localization of Bax, which led to increased mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. The release of Cytochrome c with the loss of the membrane potential triggered a caspase cascade, ultimately leading to apoptosis. In contrast, the clearance of ROS by its scavenger, NAC, rescued Paxil-induced apoptosis accompanied by reduced p38 and JNK activation. Thus, Paxil blocked the autophagic flux and induced the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis via the ROS-MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Zhan
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Lu
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junzi Ke
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biaoyan Du
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jianyong Xiao
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Dilberger B, Baumanns S, Schmitt F, Schmiedl T, Hardt M, Wenzel U, Eckert GP. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Impairs Energy Metabolism and Reduces Stress Resistance and Longevity of C. elegans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6840540. [PMID: 31827694 PMCID: PMC6885289 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6840540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondria supply cellular energy and are key regulators of intrinsic cell death and consequently affect longevity. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is frequently used for lifespan assays. Using paraquat (PQ) as a generator of reactive oxygen species, we here describe its effects on the acceleration of aging and the associated dysfunctions at the level of mitochondria. METHODS Nematodes were incubated with various concentrations of paraquat in a heat-stress resistance assay (37°C) using nucleic staining. The most effective concentration was validated under physiological conditions, and chemotaxis was assayed. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was measured using rhodamine 123, and activity of respiratory chain complexes determined using a Clark-type electrode in isolated mitochondria. Energetic metabolites in the form of pyruvate, lactate, and ATP were determined using commercial kits. Mitochondrial integrity and structure was investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Live imaging after staining with fluorescent dyes was used to measure mitochondrial and cytosolic ROS. Expression of longevity- and mitogenesis-related genes were evaluated using qRT-PCR. RESULTS PQ (5 mM) significantly increased ROS formation in nematodes and reduced the chemotaxis, the physiological lifespan, and the survival in assays for heat-stress resistance. The number of fragmented mitochondria significantly increased. The ∆Ψm, the activities of complexes I-IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and the levels of pyruvate and lactate were significantly reduced, whereas ATP production was not affected. Transcript levels of genetic marker genes, atfs-1, atp-2, skn-1, and sir-2.1, were significantly upregulated after PQ incubation, which implicates a close connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress response. Expression levels of aak-2 and daf-16 were unchanged. CONCLUSION Using paraquat as a stressor, we here describe the association of oxidative stress, restricted energy metabolism, and reduced stress resistance and longevity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans making it a readily accessible in vivo model for mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dilberger
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Baumanns
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabian Schmitt
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tommy Schmiedl
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Hardt
- Imaging Unit, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Wenzel
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gunter P. Eckert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Ghosh MK, Chakraborty D, Sarkar S, Bhowmik A, Basu M. The interrelationship between cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma: a comprehensive study of recent reports. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:42. [PMID: 31637020 PMCID: PMC6799849 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma and cerebral ischemic stroke are two major events that lead to patient death worldwide. Although these conditions have different physiological incidences, ~10% of ischemic stroke patients develop cerebral cancer, especially glioma, in the postischemic stages. Additionally, the high proliferation, venous thrombosis and hypercoagulability of the glioma mass increase the significant risk of thromboembolism, including ischemic stroke. Surprisingly, these events share several common pathways, viz. hypoxia, cerebral inflammation, angiogenesis, etc., but the proper mechanism behind this co-occurrence has yet to be discovered. The hypercoagulability and presence of the D-dimer level in stroke are different in cancer patients than in the noncancerous population. Other factors such as atherosclerosis and coagulopathy involved in the pathogenesis of stroke are partially responsible for cancer, and the reverse is also partially true. Based on clinical and neurosurgical experience, the neuronal structures and functions in the brain and spine are observed to change after a progressive attack of ischemia that leads to hypoxia and atrophy. The major population of cancer cells cannot survive in an adverse ischemic environment that excludes cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cancer cells in stroke patients have already metastasized, but early-stage cancer patients also suffer stroke for multiple reasons. Therefore, stroke is an early manifestation of cancer. Stroke and cancer share many factors that result in an increased risk of stroke in cancer patients, and vice-versa. The intricate mechanisms for stroke with and without cancer are different. This review summarizes the current clinical reports, pathophysiology, probable causes of co-occurrence, prognoses, and treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K. Ghosh
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Dipankar Chakraborty
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Sibani Sarkar
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Arijit Bhowmik
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026 India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24, Paraganas, 743372 India
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Mahdavi M, Azadbakht M, Vahdati A, Shokrzadeh M, Farhadi A. Cytotoxic Effects of Juglone and Pterocarya fraxinifolia on Prostate Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2019; 11:195-204. [PMID: 31555025 PMCID: PMC6662039 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_203_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Juglone with naphthoquinone structure has medicinal properties and its anticarcinogenic and antioxidant effects have been proven. In this research, the cytotoxic and apoptosis effects of juglone and Pterocarya fraxinifolia (PF) methanolic extract on human prostate cancer cells were studied. Materials and Methods: The PC3 and DU145 human cancer cells and normal cells of primary prostate epithelial cells (ATCC PCS-440-010) were treated with juglone and PF extract at the concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/mL for 24, 48, 72, and 96h. The morphological changes were examined by reversed microscope. The survival percentage of cell lines was evaluated by MTT (3,4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test. The rate of apoptosis and expression of AR and CLU genes were examined by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: All concentrations after 24h caused morphological changes in PC3 and DU145 cells, and these changes were intensified after 48, 72, and 96h. Also, concentrations of 100 and 500 μg/mL caused morphological changes in normal cells. The results of MTT test showed a significant decrease in PC3 and DU145 cell survival rate at 50, 100, and 500 μg/mL concentrations (P < 0.05). Juglone at 10 μg/mL concentration induced apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Conclusion: Juglone and PF could decrease the growth of cancer cell lines through the mitochondrial pathway. So PF could be considered as a potential candidate for therapeutic herbal medicine in treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azadbakht
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Akbar Vahdati
- Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ayub Farhadi
- Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
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Ahmad T, Suzuki YJ. Juglone in Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8040091. [PMID: 30959841 PMCID: PMC6523217 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Juglone (5-hydroxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a phenolic compound found in walnuts. Because of the antioxidant capacities of phenolic compounds, juglone may serve to combat oxidative stress, thereby protecting against the development of various diseases and aging processes. However, being a quinone molecule, juglone could also act as a redox cycling agent and produce reactive oxygen species. Such prooxidant properties of juglone may confer health effects, such as by killing cancer cells. Further, recent studies revealed that juglone influences cell signaling. Notably, juglone is an inhibitor of Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase) that could regulate phosphorylation of Tau, implicating potential effects of juglone in Alzheimer’s disease. Juglone also activates mitogen-activated protein kinases that could promote cell survival, thereby protecting against conditions such as cardiac injury. This review describes recent advances in the understanding of the effects and roles of juglone in oxidative stress and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taseer Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab 40100, Pakistan.
| | - Yuichiro J Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Yuan F, Liu B, Xu Y, Li Y, Sun Q, Xu P, Geng R, Den G, Yang J, Zhang S, Gao L, Liao J, Liu J, Yang X, Tan Y, Chen Q. TIPE3 is a regulator of cell apoptosis in glioblastoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 446:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sun SH, Luo Q, Hu K, Chen F, Gan FJ, Leng YX, Chen XM. Juglone Induces Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells Apoptosis through Bcl-2-Associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 Signal Way. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_604_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Eskandari S, Yazdanparast R. Overexpression of Hes1 is involved in sensitization of K562 cells to Imatinib. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:10128-10136. [PMID: 30548309 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based therapy has created promising results among much chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Imatinib as a relatively specific inhibitor of Bcr-Abl is at present one of the undisputed therapeutic agent for newlydiagnosed patients with CML. However, the occurrence of imatinib-resistance enlightens the urgent need to identify other therapeutic agents against CML. Juglone (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone) exerts cytotoxic effects against various human cancer cell lines. However, the mechanisms through which Juglone induces anticancer effects in CML especially in comparison with imatinib treatment remain unknown. Our results revealed that Juglone-inhibited K562 cells growth through inducing apoptosis. Based on our Western blot analyses, Juglone significantly reduced p-Akt levels and increased the expression level of Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and FoxO3a proteins. Moreover, hairy/enhancer of split-1 (Hes1) protein, overexpressed under the influence of Juglone, is apparently involved in Juglone-induced apoptosis among K562 cells. Conversely, treatment with imatinib attenuated Hes1 protein expression. Considering the different functional mechanism of Juglone compared with imatinib, it seems that Juglone treatment could be a useful alternative strategy for the treatment of patients with imatinib-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Eskandari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Yazdanparast
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Natural Products to Fight Cancer: A Focus on Juglans regia. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110469. [PMID: 30441778 PMCID: PMC6266065 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Even if cancer represents a burden for human society, an exhaustive cure has not been discovered yet. Low therapeutic index and resistance to pharmacotherapy are two of the major limits of antitumour treatments. Natural products represent an excellent library of bioactive molecules. Thus, tapping into the natural world may prove useful in identifying new therapeutic options with favourable pharmaco-toxicological profiles. Juglans regia, or common walnut, is a very resilient tree that has inhabited our planet for thousands of years. Many studies correlate walnut consumption to beneficial effects towards several chronic diseases, such as cancer, mainly due to the bioactive molecules stored in different parts of the plant. Among others, polyphenols, quinones, proteins, and essential fatty acids contribute to its pharmacologic activity. The present review aims to offer a comprehensive perspective about the antitumour potential of the most promising compounds stored in this plant, such as juglanin, juglone, and the ellagitannin-metabolites urolithins or deriving from walnut dietary intake. All molecules and a chronic intake of the fruit provide tangible anticancer effects. However, the scarcity of studies on humans does not allow results to be conclusive.
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Wang JN, Zhang ZR, Che Y, Yuan ZY, Lu ZL, Li Y, Li N, Wan J, Sun HD, Sun N, Puno PT, He J. Acetyl-macrocalin B, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid, initiates apoptosis through the ROS-p38-caspase 9-dependent pathway and induces G2/M phase arrest via the Chk1/2-Cdc25C-Cdc2/cyclin B axis in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:609-621. [PMID: 29565730 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1449613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and novel effective drugs against NSCLC are urgently needed. Isodon species are rich in ent-kaurane diterpenoids that have been reported to have antitumor bioactivity. Acetyl-macrocalin B (A-macB) is a novel ent-kaurane diterpenoid isolated from Isodon silvatica, and its antitumor efficacy against NSCLC and the underlying mechanisms were scrutinized in depth. The viability of cells treated with A-macB was detected by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mechanisms were investigated by detecting ROS and performing western blotting and verification experiments with specific inhibitors. The in vivo effect of A-macB was explored in a nude mouse xenograft model. A-macB effectively inhibited H1299 and A549 cell viability, triggered apoptosis and delayed cells in the G2/M phase. A-macB induced cellular ROS production and then activated the p38 MAPK-mediated, caspase 9-dependent apoptotic pathway. Both the ROS scavenger NAC and the specific p38 inhibitor SB203580 inactivated the function of p38 induced by A-macB, thus preventing cells from apoptosis. A-macB activated the Chk1/2-Cdc25C-Cdc2/cyclin B1 axis to induce G2/M phase arrest. AZD7762 abrogated the function of Chk1/2, abolished the G2/M delay and enhanced the cytotoxicity of A-macB. Moreover, A-macB efficiently suppressed tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model without noticeable toxicity to normal tissues. Having both efficacy and relative safety, A-macB is a potential lead compound that is worthy of further exploration for development as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Nan Wang
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Rong Zhang
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Che
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Yang Yuan
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Liang Lu
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wan
- b State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan , People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- b State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan , People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Sun
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Pema-Tenzin Puno
- b State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie He
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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Wang P, Gao C, Wang W, Yao LP, Zhang J, Zhang SD, Li J, Fang SH, Fu YJ. Juglone induces apoptosis and autophagy via modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:40-50. [PMID: 29627502 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Juglone (JG), a naturally-occurring naphthoquinone of Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica) was shown to inhibit proliferation in various tumor types. However, the molecular mechanisms of JG on the induction of apoptosis and autophagy in HepG2 cells have not been examined. Herein, we investigated that JG could inhibit cell proliferation by induction of G2/M phase arrest. Also, occurrence of apoptosis was closely related with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the changes of apoptosis-related proteins after treatment with JG. In addition, we found that JG caused autophagy, as evidenced by increased expressions of LC3-II and Beclin-1. Interestingly, inhibition of JG-induced autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and wortmannin (WT) significantly decreased apoptosis, whereas the apoptosis inhibitor z-VAD-fmk slightly enhanced autophagy. Furthermore, the induction of autophagy and apoptosis was associated with activation of MAPK family members (p38 and JNK) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and ROS scavenger (N-acetylcysteine, NAC) could attenuate JG-induced autophagy and apoptosis. However, the p38-specific inhibitor SB203580 enhanced autophagic and apoptotic death. Moreover, the ROS scavenger NAC prevented phosphorylation of both p38 and JNK. Collectively, our data revealed that JG induced G2/M phase arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy through the ROS-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Li-Ping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sun-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ji Li
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shao-Hong Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Abstract
Apoptosis, the cell’s natural mechanism for death, is a promising target for anticancer therapy. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways use caspases to carry out apoptosis through the cleavage of hundreds of proteins. In cancer, the apoptotic pathway is typically inhibited through a wide variety of means including overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins and under-expression of proapoptotic proteins. Many of these changes cause intrinsic resistance to the most common anticancer therapy, chemotherapy. Promising new anticancer therapies are plant-derived compounds that exhibit anticancer activity through activating the apoptotic pathway.
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