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Lundqvist-Jansson C, Igiraneza P, Bazikamwe S. Validation of the Revised Impact of Miscarriage Scale in the Republic of Burundi: A cross-sectional multicenter study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024. [PMID: 38563768 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to translate and validate the Revised Impact of Miscarriage Scale (RIMS) into Kirundi for use among women and men in Burundi. Additionally, the study aimed to compare the experience and personal meaning of miscarriage between women and men. METHODS This is a cross-sectional multicentered study. The RIMS was translated into Kirundi. Cronbach coefficient alpha and its internal consistency were measured for both genders. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to determine the underlying factors and the shared variance. Both women and men completed the RIMS questionnaire, while women completed sociodemographic, reproductive and mental health questions. RESULTS In all, 79 couples completed the RIMS. The original factor structure was retained after the EFA, with 68% of the shared variance explained in the three-factor solution with 16 questions. Isolation/guilt, Loss of baby, and Devastating event. The internal consistency for women and men combined was α = 0.928. Although women scored higher on the factors of Isolation/guilt and Loss of baby, there were no significant differences in the Devastating event factor between women and men. Couples scores were positively correlated. Women who had experienced a previous miscarriage were more significantly impacted by all three factors compared to women experiencing their first miscarriage. CONCLUSIONS The Kirundi translation of the RIMS retained the original factor structure and demonstrated excellent internal consistency α = 0.928 in women and men combined. The RIMS could be a tool for caregivers to identify individuals who require additional support after a miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Igiraneza
- Faculty of Psychology, Bujumbura Light University, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Sylvestre Bazikamwe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kamenge University Hospital, Bujumbura, Burundi
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Lingani M, Zango SH, Valéa I, Samadoulougou S, Sanou MA, Sorgho H, Sawadogo E, Dramaix M, Donnen P, Annie R, Tinto H. Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among pregnant women in a high malaria transmission setting: a cross-sectional study in rural Burkina Faso. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:2. [PMID: 38371648 PMCID: PMC10870159 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.2.40612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction anemia, the commonest nutritional deficiency disorder among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa, is associated with severe peripartum complications. Its regular monitoring is necessary to timely inform clinical and preventive decision-making. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of anemia among pregnant women in rural areas of Burkina Faso. Methods between August 2019 and March 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted to collect maternal sociodemographic, gynaeco-obstetric, and medical characteristics by face-to-face interview or by review of antenatal care books. In addition, maternal malaria was diagnosed by standard microscopy and the hemoglobin levels (Hb) measured by spectrophotometry. The proportion of anaemia (Hb<11.0 g/dL), moderate (7.0 Results of 594 pregnant women assessed, the mean hemoglobin level (± standard deviation) was 10.7 (±0.1) g/dL, and the prevalence of anemia was 54.4% (323/594). The proportion of moderate, and severe anemia among pregnant women was 49.2% (95% CI: 45.1%-53.2%), and 5.2% (95% CI: 3.7%-7.3%) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the young maternal age (<20 years old) (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3) and the presence of malaria (aOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.2) were independently associated with the presence of maternal anemia. Conclusion anemia remains common in the study setting and interventions to strengthen malaria prevention in pregnancy, particularly among young adolescent pregnant women, are required to prevent maternal anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Lingani
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Serge Henri Zango
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Innocent Valéa
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Sékou Samadoulougou
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Moussa Abdel Sanou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Edmond Sawadogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Michèle Dramaix
- École de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Philippe Donnen
- École de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Robert Annie
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Division, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs, Brussels, Belgique
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
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Sheikh J, Allotey J, Kew T, Khalil H, Galadanci H, Hofmeyr GJ, Abalos E, Vogel JP, Lavin T, Souza JP, Kaur I, Ram U, Betran AP, Bohren MA, Oladapo OT, Thangaratinam S. Vulnerabilities and reparative strategies during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period: moving from rhetoric to action. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 67:102264. [PMID: 38314056 PMCID: PMC10837549 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal outcomes throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period are influenced by interlinked and interdependent vulnerabilities. A comprehensive understanding of how various threats and barriers affect maternal and perinatal health is critical to plan, evaluate and improve maternal health programmes. This paper builds on the introductory paper of the Series on the determinants of maternal health by assessing vulnerabilities during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period. We synthesise and present the concept of vulnerability in pregnancy and childbirth, and map vulnerability attributes and their dynamic influence on maternal outcomes in early and late pregnancy and during childbirth and the postnatal period, with a particular focus on low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We summarise existing literature and present the evidence on the effects of various reparative strategies to improve pregnancy and childbirth outcomes. Lastly, we discuss the implications of the identified vulnerability attributes and reparative strategies for the efforts of policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers working towards improving outcomes for women and birthing people in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameela Sheikh
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - John Allotey
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tania Kew
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Halimah Khalil
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hadiza Galadanci
- Africa Center of Excellence for Population Health and Policy, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - G Justus Hofmeyr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- University of the Witwatersrand and Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa
| | - Edgardo Abalos
- Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad (CEDES), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joshua P. Vogel
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tina Lavin
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - João Paulo Souza
- Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- BIREME, Evidence and Intelligence for Action in Health Department, Pan America Health Organization/World Health Organization, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Fernandez Hospital Educational & Research Foundation, Hyderabad, India
| | - Uma Ram
- Seethapathy Clinic & Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Ana Pilar Betran
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Meghan A. Bohren
- Gender and Women’s Health Unit, Nossal Institute for Global Health, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olufemi T. Oladapo
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shakila Thangaratinam
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kenmoe S, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Tchatchouang S, Robertine LF, Takuissu GR, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Bowo-Ngandji A, Kenfack-Momo R, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Menkem EZ, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Esemu SN, Tagnouokam-Ngoupo PA, Ndip L, Njouom R. Systematic review and meta-analysis of seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus serological markers among pregnant women in Africa, 1984-2020. World J Crit Care Med 2023; 12:264-285. [PMID: 38188451 PMCID: PMC10768416 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v12.i5.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health concern, particularly in Africa where HIV rates remain substantial. Pregnant women are at an increased risk of acquiring HIV, which has a significant impact on both maternal and child health. AIM To review summarizes HIV seroprevalence among pregnant women in Africa. It also identifies regional and clinical characteristics that contribute to study-specific estimates variation. METHODS The study included pregnant women from any African country or region, irrespective of their symptoms, and any study design conducted in any setting. Using electronic literature searches, articles published until February 2023 were reviewed. The quality of the included studies was evaluated. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was applied to determine HIV pooled seroprevalence among pregnant women in Africa. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics, and publication bias was assessed with Egger's test. RESULTS A total of 248 studies conducted between 1984 and 2020 were included in the quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). Out of the total studies, 146 (58.9%) had a low risk of bias and 102 (41.1%) had a moderate risk of bias. No HIV-positive pregnant women died in the included studies. The overall HIV seroprevalence in pregnant women was estimated to be 9.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.3-10.3]. The subgroup analysis showed statistically significant heterogeneity across subgroups (P < 0.001), with the highest seroprevalence observed in Southern Africa (29.4%, 95%CI: 26.5-32.4) and the lowest seroprevalence observed in Northern Africa (0.7%, 95%CI: 0.3-1.3). CONCLUSION The review found that HIV seroprevalence among pregnant women in African countries remains significant, particularly in Southern African countries. This review can inform the development of targeted public health interventions to address high HIV seroprevalence in pregnant women in African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Center for Research in Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala 00237, Cameroon
| | - Donatien Serge Mbaga
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Center for Research in Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
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Abaane DN, Adokiya MN, Abiiro GA. Factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy: A retrospective cross-sectional study in the Bolgatanga Municipality, northern Ghana. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286186. [PMID: 37228063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia in pregnancy (AIP) remains a severe public health problem associated with adverse outcomes. This study assessed haemoglobin levels and the prevalence of anaemia during antenatal care (ANC) registration, at 28 weeks and 36 weeks of gestation as well as the factors associated with AIP at the different stages of pregnancy. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional design was implemented. Using ANC registers as the sampling frame, 372 pregnant women, within 36 and 40 weeks of gestation were randomly sampled from 28 health facilities for the study. The participants were all receiving ANC in the Bolgatanga Municipality. Data were collected via clinical records review and a questionnaire-based survey between October and November, 2020. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), descriptive analysis of haemoglobin levels and the prevalence of anaemia were performed. In addition, binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy. AIP was determined using the national practice of 11.0g/dl haemoglobin cut-off point and the World Health Organisation's recommended adjustment for the 2nd trimester of pregnancy was made using the cut-off of 10.5g/dl to account for the effect of haemodilution. RESULTS At booking, AIP prevalence was 35.8% (95%CI:30.9, 40.9) using a cut-off of 11.0g/dl and 25.3% (95%CI:20.9, 30.0) using a cut-off of 10.5g/dl for those in the 2nd trimester. At 28 weeks, AIP prevalence was 53.1% (95%CI:45.8, 60.3) and 37.5 (95%CI:30.6, 44.8) using a cut-off of 11.0g/dl and 10.5g/dl for those in the 2nd trimester, respectively. At 36 weeks, AIP prevalence was 44.8% (95%CI:39.2, 50.4) using a cut-off of 11.0g/dl. At p<0.05, registering after the first trimester (AOR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.17, 2.98, P = 0.009) and at a regional hospital (AOR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.02, 4.98, P = 0.044) were associated with increased odds of AIP but registering at a private hospital (AOR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.11, 0.92, P = 0.035) was associated with decreased odds of AIP at booking. At 28 weeks, age group 26-35 years (AOR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.21, 0.98, P = 0.044), Christianity (AOR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.31, 0.89, P = 0.028.), high wealth (AOR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.09, 0.83, P = 0.022) and tertiary education (AOR = 0.09, 95%CI:0.02, 0.54, P = 0.009) were associated with decreased odds of AIP. At 36 weeks, booking after first trimester of pregnancy was associated with increased odds (AOR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.05, 2.84, P = 0.033) whilst high wealth (AOR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.20, 0.99, P = 0.049), higher age groups-26-35 (AOR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.21, 0.68, P = 0.001) and 36-49 years (AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.90, P = 0.024) and secondary education of spouse were associated with reduced odds (AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.88, P = 0.026) of AIP. CONCLUSION AIP consistently increased from registration to 36 weeks of gestation. Given the observed correlates of AIP, we recommend that interventions geared towards early ANC registration, improved household wealth, and improved maternal education are required to reduce AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatus Nbonibe Abaane
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- District Nutrition Unit, District Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Garu, Ghana
| | - Martin Nyaaba Adokiya
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Gilbert Abotisem Abiiro
- Department of Health Services, Policy, Planning, Management and Economics, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Department of Population and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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Ssentongo P, Heilbrunn ES, Ssentongo AE, Ssenyonga LVN, Lekoubou A. Birth prevalence of neural tube defects in eastern Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:202. [PMID: 35650541 PMCID: PMC9158202 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) are associated with high rates of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. The promotion of folic acid fortification and supplementation in pregnant women by the Food and Drug Administration significantly decreased the incidence of NTDs in the United States. This practice is not widely adopted in Eastern Africa countries. We hypothesized that these countries experience a higher burden of NTDs than countries that promote the use of folic acid. We aimed to estimate the birth prevalence of NTDs in the United Nations (UN) Eastern African region. METHODS PubMed (Medline), Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from inception to December 17, 2021. We included randomized controlled trials or observational studies that reported the prevalence estimates of NTDs in Eastern Africa. Random effects model was used to pool the effect estimates. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach was used to assess the certainty of the evidence. Outcome measures were overall and specific (spina bifida, anencephaly, encephalocele) rates of NTDs per 10,000 births, including live and stillborn cases. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 20 studies consisting of 752,936 individuals. The pooled prevalence of all NTDs per 10,000 births in Eastern Africa was 33.30 (95% CI: 21.58 to 51.34). Between-study heterogeneity was high (I2 = 97%, p < 0.0001), The rate was highest in Ethiopia (60 per 10,000). Birth prevalence of spina bifida (20 per 10,000) was higher than anencephaly (9 per 10,000) and encephalocele (2.33 per 10,000). No studies on NTDs were identified in 70% of the UN Eastern Africa region. Birth prevalence increased by 4% per year from 1983 to 2018. The level of evidence as qualified with GRADE was moderate. CONCLUSION The birth prevalence of NTDs in the United Nations region of Eastern Africa is 5 times as high as observed in Western countries with mandatory folic acid supplementation in place. Therefore, mandatory folic acid supplementation of stable foods may decrease the risk of NTDs in Eastern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA. .,Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering, Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA.
| | - Emily S Heilbrunn
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Anna E Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lydia V N Ssenyonga
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, TORORO, Uganda
| | - Alain Lekoubou
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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7
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Dodzo RC, Ogunsakin RE, Ginindza TG. Prevalence and associated risk factors for anaemia amongst pregnant women attending three antenatal clinics in Eswatini. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2022; 14:e1-e9. [PMID: 35532109 PMCID: PMC9082230 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v14i1.3339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is a global health problem affecting about a third of the world's population. In pregnancy, it is a public health concern with consequences for mothers and infants, including maternal death and infant mortality. In low-income countries (LICs), 25% indirect maternal mortality and 30% neonatal deaths are due to anaemia in pregnancy. AIM This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risks associated with anaemia amongst pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) in three health facilities in Eswatini. SETTING This study was conducted in three health facilities in Eswatini, namely Mankayane, Raleigh Fitkin Memorial (RFM) and Mbabane Hospital. METHODS This cross-sectional study used non-probability sampling in three hospitals of Eswatini, to select 550 pregnant women, aged 15-49 years. Data were collected from January to March 2021, using face-to-face interviews with a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 550 pregnant women were included in the study. Anaemia prevalence amongst pregnant women was 43.1% with mild, moderate and severe cases of 21.3%; 21.1% and 0.7%, respectively. Prevalence was high amongst women aged 15-19 years (53.3%). Factors associated with anaemia included living in urban areas (odds ratio [OR]: 1.8; confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-2.72), having anaemia 6 months before pregnancy (OR: 4.64; CI: 1.15-18.71), and gestational age at first ANC: third trimester (OR = 10.42; CI: 4.27-25.4) and second trimester (OR: 1.62; CI: 1.02-2.60). CONCLUSION Anaemia remains prevalent amongst pregnant women in Eswatini. A comprehensive anaemia prevention programme would be justified and could lower the country's burden of anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumbidzai C Dodzo
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; and, Ministry of Health.
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Ssentongo P, Ssentongo AE, Ba DM, Ericson JE, Na M, Gao X, Fronterre C, Chinchilli VM, Schiff SJ. Global, regional and national epidemiology and prevalence of child stunting, wasting and underweight in low- and middle-income countries, 2006-2018. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5204. [PMID: 33664313 PMCID: PMC7933191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2016, undernutrition, as manifested in childhood stunting, wasting, and underweight were estimated to cause over 1.0 million deaths, 3.9% of years of life lost, and 3.8% of disability-adjusted life years globally. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using the 2006-2018 cross-sectional nationally representative demographic and health surveys (DHS) data and to explore the sources of regional variations. Anthropometric measurements of children 0-59 months of age from DHS in 62 LMICs worldwide were used. Complete information was available for height-for-age (n = 624,734), weight-for-height (n = 625,230) and weight-for-age (n = 626,130). Random-effects models were fit to estimate the pooled prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight. Sources of heterogeneity in the prevalence estimates were explored through subgroup meta-analyses and meta-regression using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Human development index (a country-specific composite index based on life expectancy, literacy, access to education and per capita gross domestic product) and the United Nations region were explored as potential sources of variation in undernutrition. The overall prevalence was 29.1% (95% CI 26.7%, 31.6%) for stunting, 6.3% (95% CI 4.6%, 8.2%) for wasting, and 13.7% (95% CI 10.9%, 16.9%) for underweight. Subgroup analyses suggested that Western Africa, Southern Asia, and Southeastern Asia had a substantially higher estimated prevalence of undernutrition than global average estimates. In multivariable meta-regression, a combination of human development index and United Nations region (a proxy for geographical variation) explained 54%, 56%, and 66% of the variation in stunting, wasting, and underweight prevalence, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that regional, subregional, and country disparities in undernutrition remain, and the residual gaps to close towards achieving the second sustainable development goal-ending undernutrition by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy Ssentongo
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Anna E Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Djibril M Ba
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Center for Applied Studies in Health Economics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jessica E Ericson
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Muzi Na
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Claudio Fronterre
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Vernon M Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Steven J Schiff
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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