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Affὸ S, Sererols-Viñas L, Garcia-Vicién G, Cadamuro M, Chakraborty S, Sirica AE. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Insights into Origins, Heterogeneity, Lymphangiogenesis, and Peritoneal Metastasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00279-7. [PMID: 39117110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) denotes a rare, highly malignant, and heterogeneous class of primary liver adenocarcinomas exhibiting phenotypic characteristics of cholangiocyte differentiation. Among the distinctive pathological features of iCCA, one that differentiates the most common macroscopic subtype (eg, mass-forming type) of this hepatic tumor from conventional hepatocellular carcinoma, is a prominent desmoplastic reaction manifested as a dense fibro-collagenous-enriched tumor stroma. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the most abundant mesenchymal cell type in the desmoplastic reaction. Although the protumor effects of CAFs in iCCA have been increasingly recognized, more recent cell lineage tracing studies, advanced single-cell RNA sequencing, and expanded biomarker analyses have provided new awareness into their ontogeny, as well as underscored their biological complexity as reflected by the presence of multiple subtypes. In addition, evidence has been described to support CAFs' potential to display cancer-restrictive roles, including immunosuppression. However, CAFs also play important roles in facilitating metastasis, as exemplified by lymph node metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis, which are common in iCCA. Herein, the authors provide a timely appraisal of the origins and phenotypic and functional complexity of CAFs in iCCA, together with providing mechanistic insights into lymphangiogenesis and peritoneal metastasis relevant to this lethal human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Affὸ
- Tumor Microenvironment Plasticity and Heterogeneity Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Sererols-Viñas
- Tumor Microenvironment Plasticity and Heterogeneity Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Garcia-Vicién
- Tumor Microenvironment Plasticity and Heterogeneity Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Alphonse E Sirica
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
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2
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Guo J, Song Z, Muming A, Zhang H, Awut E. Cysteine protease inhibitor S promotes lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer cells via VEGF-MAPK/ERK-MMP9/2 pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:6051-6059. [PMID: 38386044 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cysteine protease inhibitor S (CST4) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of growth, invasion, and metastasis of a variety of malignancies. However, the potential mechanism behind how CST4 contributes to CST4 in lymph node metastasis (LNM) and tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis of esophageal cancer (EC) cells has not been elucidated previously. Short hairpin RNA technique was utilized to upregulate the CST4 gene expression. Different experiments, including the tubule formation assay and immunofluorescence, were conducted to observe the cellular behavior. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analyses were employed to determine the expression levels of relevant proteins. In our study, we discovered that high expression of CST4 in EC cells had multiple effects. It stimulated cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and caused epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, it also inhibited the apoptosis of EC cells and caused them to stagnate in the G2/M phase. High expression of CST4 promoted the secretion of lymphangiogenic markers (TGFβ1, VEGF, VEGF-C/D) in EC cells. In addition, high expression of CST4 in EC cells not only enhanced the proliferation and migration of HLECs, but also stimulated the lumen formation and F-actin expression and rearrangement of HLECs. The elevated expression of CST4 also facilitated the secretion of p-ERK1/2, MMP9, and MMP-2 in HLECs. However, various tumor-promoting effects of high expression of CST4 on HLECs could be inhibited by VEGF inhibitors in EC cells. Overall, our findings indicate that CST4 plays a significant role in the accumulation, migration, and EMT of EC cells. CST4 can activate the VEGF-MAPK/ERK-MMP9/2 signaling axis to promote LNM and lymphangiogenesis in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Zhengyu Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - AlimuJiang Muming
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Edris Awut
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China.
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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3
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Karakousi T, Mudianto T, Lund AW. Lymphatic vessels in the age of cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:363-381. [PMID: 38605228 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Lymphatic transport maintains homeostatic health and is necessary for immune surveillance, and yet lymphatic growth is often associated with solid tumour development and dissemination. Although tumour-associated lymphatic remodelling and growth were initially presumed to simply expand a passive route for regional metastasis, emerging research puts lymphatic vessels and their active transport at the interface of metastasis, tumour-associated inflammation and systemic immune surveillance. Here, we discuss active mechanisms through which lymphatic vessels shape their transport function to influence peripheral tissue immunity and the current understanding of how tumour-associated lymphatic vessels may both augment and disrupt antitumour immune surveillance. We end by looking forward to emerging areas of interest in the field of cancer immunotherapy in which lymphatic vessels and their transport function are likely key players: the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures, immune surveillance in the central nervous system, the microbiome, obesity and ageing. The lessons learnt support a working framework that defines the lymphatic system as a key determinant of both local and systemic inflammatory networks and thereby a crucial player in the response to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllia Karakousi
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tenny Mudianto
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Sun Y, Gong J, Li Z, Han L, Sun D. Gallbladder cancer: surgical treatment, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Postgrad Med 2024; 136:278-291. [PMID: 38635593 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2024.2345585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a common type of biliary tract tumor. Optimal management for early stage cases typically involves radical excision as the primary treatment modality. Various surgical techniques, including laparoscopic, robotic, and navigational surgery, have demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes in radical gallbladder excision. Unfortunately, most patients are ineligible for surgical intervention because of the advanced stage of the disease upon diagnosis. Consequently, non-surgical interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, have become the mainstay of treatment for patients in advanced stages. This review focuses on elucidating various surgical techniques as well as advancements in immunotherapy and targeted therapy in the context of recent advancements in gallbladder cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Junfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | | | - Lin Han
- Department of General Surgery, The Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Dengqun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei, China
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5
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Ji H, Hu C, Yang X, Liu Y, Ji G, Ge S, Wang X, Wang M. Lymph node metastasis in cancer progression: molecular mechanisms, clinical significance and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:367. [PMID: 37752146 PMCID: PMC10522642 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are important hubs for metastatic cell arrest and growth, immune modulation, and secondary dissemination to distant sites through a series of mechanisms, and it has been proved that lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an essential prognostic indicator in many different types of cancer. Therefore, it is important for oncologists to understand the mechanisms of tumor cells to metastasize to LNs, as well as how LNM affects the prognosis and therapy of patients with cancer in order to provide patients with accurate disease assessment and effective treatment strategies. In recent years, with the updates in both basic and clinical studies on LNM and the application of advanced medical technologies, much progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanisms of LNM and the strategies for diagnosis and treatment of LNM. In this review, current knowledge of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of LNs, as well as the molecular mechanisms of LNM, are described. The clinical significance of LNM in different anatomical sites is summarized, including the roles of LNM playing in staging, prognostic prediction, and treatment selection for patients with various types of cancers. And the novel exploration and academic disputes of strategies for recognition, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions of metastatic LNs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chuang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xuhui Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuanhao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guangyu Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiansong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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6
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Pal S, Bhowmick S, Sharma A, Sierra-Fonseca JA, Mondal S, Afolabi F, Roy D. Lymphatic vasculature in ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188950. [PMID: 37419192 PMCID: PMC10754213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the second most common gynecological cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer related mortality among women. Recent studies suggest that among ovarian cancer patients at least 70% of the cases experience the involvement of lymph nodes and metastases through lymphatic vascular network. However, the impact of lymphatic system in the growth, spread and the evolution of ovarian cancer, its contribution towards the landscape of ovarian tissue resident immune cells and their metabolic responses is still a major knowledge gap. In this review first we present the epidemiological aspect of the OVCA, the lymphatic architecture of the ovary, we discuss the role of lymphatic circulation in regulation of ovarian tumor microenvironment, metabolic basis of the upregulation of lymphangiogenesis which is often observed during progression of ovarian metastasis and ascites development. Further we describe the implication of several mediators which influence both lymphatic vasculature as well as ovarian tumor microenvironment and conclude with several therapeutic strategies for targeting lymphatic vasculature in ovarian cancer progression in present day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Pal
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77843, United States
| | - Sramana Bhowmick
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Favour Afolabi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS 39096, United States
| | - Debarshi Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS 39096, United States.
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7
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Nakayama M, Naito Y, Sadashima E, Kinjo Y, Kawahara A, Hisaka T, Okabe Y, Akiba J, Yano H. Lymph node metastatic status could predict the prognosis of intracholecystic papillary neoplasm of gallbladder. Hum Pathol 2023; 137:63-70. [PMID: 37127081 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracholecystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN) is a non-invasive epithelial tumor that presents as a grossly identifiable mass arising in the mucosa and protruding into the lumen. ICPN is associated with invasive carcinoma. There are few studies on the clinicopathological features of ICPN, including that with invasive carcinoma. We evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of 42 ICPNs and 41 conventional gallbladder adenocarcinomas (cGBAs). Subserosa or deeper (≥ss) invasion was significantly lower in ICPN (61.9%) than that in cGBA (90.2%) (P=0.004). Cox regression analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.610 [1.131, 6.024], P=0.025) and positive margin (HR [95% CI]: 5.143 [2.113, 12.516], P<0.001), but not ≥ss invasion (HR [95% CI]: 1.541 [0.479, 4.959], P=0.469), were independent prognostic factors. In addition, there was a significant interaction between histological type and lymph node metastasis (HR [95% CI]: 0.191 [0.042, 0.983], P=0.033). In cGBA, the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis did not affect prognosis; however, ICPN without lymph node metastasis had better prognosis. Therefore, the histological classification of ICPN and cGBA and the pathological evaluation of lymph node metastasis in ICPN are crucial for determining prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Naito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Eiji Sadashima
- Medical Research Institute, Saga-ken Medical Centre Koseikan, Saga, Japan.
| | - Yoshinao Kinjo
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kawahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Toru Hisaka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Okabe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Hirohisa Yano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
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8
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Rojas A, Lindner C, Schneider I, Gonzàlez I, Morales MA. Receptor of advanced glycation end-products axis and gallbladder cancer: A forgotten connection that we should reconsider. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5679-5690. [PMID: 36338887 PMCID: PMC9627425 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i39.5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence derived from clinical and experimental research has demonstrated the crucial contribution of chronic inflammation in the development of neoplasms, including gallbladder cancer. In this regard, data derived from clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE)/AGEs axis plays an important role in the onset of a crucial and long-lasting inflammatory milieu, thus supporting tumor growth and development. AGEs are formed in biological systems or foods, and food-derived AGEs, also known as dietary AGEs are known to contribute to the systemic pool of AGEs. Once they bind to RAGE, the activation of multiple and crucial signaling pathways are triggered, thus favoring the secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines also involved in the promotion of gallbladder cancer invasion and migration. In the present review, we aimed to highlight the relevance of the association between high dietary AGEs intakes and high risk for gallbladder cancer, and emerging data supporting that dietary intervention to reduce gallbladder cancer risk is a very attractive approach that deserves much more research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Maule, Chile
| | - Cristian Lindner
- Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Maule, Chile
| | - Iván Schneider
- Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Maule, Chile
| | - Ileana Gonzàlez
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Maule, Chile
| | - Miguel Angel Morales
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Harris BHL, Macaulay VM, Harris DA, Klenerman P, Karpe F, Lord SR, Harris AL, Buffa FM. Obesity: a perfect storm for carcinogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:491-515. [PMID: 36038791 PMCID: PMC9470699 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related cancers account for 40% of the cancer cases observed in the USA and obesity is overtaking smoking as the most widespread modifiable risk factor for carcinogenesis. Here, we use the hallmarks of cancer framework to delineate how obesity might influence the carcinogenic hallmarks in somatic cells. We discuss the effects of obesity on (a) sustaining proliferative signaling; (b) evading growth suppressors; (c) resisting cell death; (d) enabling replicative immortality; (e) inducing angiogenesis; (f) activating invasion and metastasis; (g) reprogramming energy metabolism; and (h) avoiding immune destruction, together with its effects on genome instability and tumour-promoting inflammation. We present the current understanding and controversies in this evolving field, and highlight some areas in need of further cross-disciplinary focus. For instance, the relative importance of the many potentially causative obesity-related factors is unclear for each type of malignancy. Even within a single tumour type, it is currently unknown whether one obesity-related factor consistently plays a predominant role, or if this varies between patients or, even in a single patient with time. Clarifying how the hallmarks are affected by obesity may lead to novel prevention and treatment strategies for the increasingly obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H L Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK. .,St Anne's College, 56 Woodstock Rd, Oxford, OX2 6HS, UK.
| | - Valentine M Macaulay
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Simon R Lord
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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10
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Peng L, Ma M, Dong Y, Wu Q, An S, Cao M, Wang Y, Zhou C, Zhou M, Wang X, Liang Q, Wang Y. Kuoxin Decoction promotes lymphangiogenesis in zebrafish and in vitro based on network analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:915161. [PMID: 36105188 PMCID: PMC9465995 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.915161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inadequate lymphangiogenesis is closely related to the occurrence of many kinds of diseases, and one of the important treatments is to promote lymphangiogenesis. Kuoxin Decoction (KXF) is an herbal formula from traditional Chinese medicine used to treat dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is associated with lymphangiogenesis deficiency. In this study, we comprehensively verified whether KXF promotes lymphangiogenesis in zebrafish and in vitro based on network analysis. Methods: We performed virtual screening of the active compounds of KXF and potential targets regarding DCM based on network analysis. Tg (Flila: EGFP; Gata1: DsRed) transgenic zebrafish embryos were treated with different concentrations of KXF for 48 h with or without the pretreatment of MAZ51 for 6 h, followed by morphological observation of the lymphatic vessels and an assessment of lymphopoiesis. RT-qPCR was employed to identify VEGF-C, VEGF-A, PROX1, and LYVE-1 mRNA expression levels in different groups. After the treatment of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) with different concentrations of salvianolic acid B (SAB, the active ingredient of KXF), their proliferation, migration, and protein expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 were compared by CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, and western blot. Results: A total of 106 active compounds were identified constituting KXF, and 58 target genes of KXF for DCM were identified. There were 132 pathways generated from KEGG enrichment, including 5 signaling pathways related to lymphangiogenesis. Zebrafish experiments confirmed that KXF promoted lymphangiogenesis and increased VEGF-C and VEGF-A mRNA expression levels in zebrafish with or without MAZ51-induced thoracic duct injury. In LECs, SAB promoted proliferation and migration, and it could upregulate the protein expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in LECs after injury. Conclusion: The results of network analysis showed that KXF could regulate lymphangiogenesis through VEGF-C and VEGF-A, and experiments with zebrafish confirmed that KXF could promote lymphangiogenesis. Cell experiments confirmed that SAB could promote the proliferation and migration of LECs and upregulate the protein expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3. These results suggest that KXF promotes lymphangiogenesis by a mechanism related to the upregulation of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3, and the main component exerting this effect may be SAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longping Peng
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjiao Ma
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidan Dong
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiying An
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Cao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Zhou
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maolin Zhou
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qianqian Liang, ; Youhua Wang,
| | - Youhua Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qianqian Liang, ; Youhua Wang,
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11
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Abstract
The lymphatic system, composed of initial and collecting lymphatic vessels as well as lymph nodes that are present in almost every tissue of the human body, acts as an essential transport system for fluids, biomolecules and cells between peripheral tissues and the central circulation. Consequently, it is required for normal body physiology but is also involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, most notably cancer. The important role of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels and lymphangiogenesis in the formation of lymph node metastasis has been elucidated during the last two decades, whereas the underlying mechanisms and the relation between lymphatic and peripheral organ dissemination of cancer cells are incompletely understood. Lymphatic vessels are also important for tumor-host communication, relaying molecular information from a primary or metastatic tumor to regional lymph nodes and the circulatory system. Beyond antigen transport, lymphatic endothelial cells, particularly those residing in lymph node sinuses, have recently been recognized as direct regulators of tumor immunity and immunotherapy responsiveness, presenting tumor antigens and expressing several immune-modulatory signals including PD-L1. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries in this rapidly evolving field and highlight strategies and challenges of therapeutic targeting of lymphatic vessels or specific lymphatic functions in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar C Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ducoli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Zhang J, Pang X, Lei L, Zhang J, Zhang X, Chen Z, Zhu J, Jiang Y, Chen G, Wu Y, Wu T, Pan Y, Liu Y, Cui Y, Wang X. LncRNA CRART16/miR-122-5p/FOS axis promotes angiogenesis of gastric cancer by upregulating VEGFD expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4137-4157. [PMID: 35537818 PMCID: PMC9134963 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: We previously identified a novel lncRNA, CRART16, that could induce cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer cells. This study explored the relationship of CRART16 expression to gastric cancer progression and the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods: We evaluated CRART16 expression in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from the TCGA database and our hospital. Besides, we assessed its relationship with the overall survival (OS) of patients with gastric cancer. The effects of CRART16 on gastric cancer angiogenesis were determined by endothelial tube formation assay, spheroid sprouting assay, HUVEC invasion assay, and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The involvement of the lncRNA CRART16/miR-122-5p/FOS axis was analyzed by western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assay. The functions of CRART16 were confirmed in xenograft mouse models. Results: We found that CRART16 was substantially overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, based on the TCGA database and our clinical samples. High expression of CRART16 correlated with more advanced tumor stages and poor prognosis. Overexpression of CRART16 in gastric cancer cells promoted proliferation, colony formation, angiogenesis, and bevacizumab resistance in vitro, and it promoted tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo, and vice versa. CRART16 was found to downregulate miR-122-5p by acting as a sponge, upregulating the target oncogene FOS. Afterward, the increased FOS expression led to the upregulation of VEGFD. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that CRART16 promotes angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and CRART16 is a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Lili Lei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jixin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and China National Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Guowei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yingchao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yisheng Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yucun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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13
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Liu X, Liang X, Ruan L, Yan S. A Clinical-Radiomics Nomogram for Preoperative Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in Gallbladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:633852. [PMID: 34631512 PMCID: PMC8493033 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.633852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the current study was to develop and validate a nomogram based on CT radiomics features and clinical variables for predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) in gallbladder cancer (GBC). Methods A total of 353 GBC patients from two hospitals were enrolled in this study. A Radscore was developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic model based on the radiomics features extracted from the portal venous-phase computed tomography (CT). Four prediction models were constructed based on the training cohort and were validated using internal and external validation cohorts. The most effective model was then selected to build a nomogram. Results The clinical-radiomics nomogram, which comprised Radscore and three clinical variables, showed the best diagnostic efficiency in the training cohort (AUC = 0.851), internal validation cohort (AUC = 0.819), and external validation cohort (AUC = 0.824). Calibration curves showed good discrimination ability of the nomogram using the validation cohorts. Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the nomogram had a high clinical utility. Conclusion The findings showed that the clinical-radiomics nomogram based on radiomics features and clinical parameters is a promising tool for preoperative prediction of LN status in patients with GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingxiang Ruan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Rezzola S, Sigmund EC, Halin C, Ronca R. The lymphatic vasculature: An active and dynamic player in cancer progression. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:576-614. [PMID: 34486138 PMCID: PMC9291933 DOI: 10.1002/med.21855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature has been widely described and explored for its key functions in fluid homeostasis and in the organization and modulation of the immune response. Besides transporting immune cells, lymphatic vessels play relevant roles in tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination. Cancer cells that have invaded into afferent lymphatics are propagated to tumor‐draining lymph nodes (LNs), which represent an important hub for metastatic cell arrest and growth, immune modulation, and secondary dissemination to distant sites. In recent years many studies have reported new mechanisms by which the lymphatic vasculature affects cancer progression, ranging from induction of lymphangiogenesis to metastatic niche preconditioning or immune modulation. In this review, we provide an up‐to‐date description of lymphatic organization and function in peripheral tissues and in LNs and the changes induced to this system by tumor growth and progression. We will specifically focus on the reported interactions that occur between tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), as well as on interactions between immune cells and LECs, both in the tumor microenvironment and in tumor‐draining LNs. Moreover, the most recent prognostic and therapeutic implications of lymphatics in cancer will be reported and discussed in light of the new immune‐modulatory roles that have been ascribed to LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena C Sigmund
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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15
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El Bakary NM, Alsharkawy AZ, Shouaib ZA, Barakat EMS. Role of Bee Venom and Melittin on Restraining Angiogenesis and Metastasis in γ-Irradiated Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma-Bearing Mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420944476. [PMID: 32735464 PMCID: PMC7401046 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420944476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis and apoptosis evasion are common hallmarks of cancer. The present work was an endeavor to evaluate the influence of bee venom (BV) or its major constituent melittin (MEL) as antiapoptotic and angiogenic regulator modifier on the tumor growth and the cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation targeting the improvement of cancer therapeutic protocols. BV (0.56 mg/kg/day) and MEL (500 µg/kg body weight/day) were injected intraperitoneally to mice bearing 1 cm3 solid tumor of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) for 21 consecutive days. Mice were whole-body exposed to 1 Gray (Gy) of γ-radiation (2 fractionated doses). Treatment with BV or MEL markedly suppresses the proliferation of tumor in EAC mice. The concentrations of m-RNA for angiogenic factors (TNF-α, VEGF) as well as MMPs 2 and 9 activities and NO concentration were significantly decreased, combined with improvements in apoptotic regulators (caspase-3 activity) and normal cells redox tone (catalase and free radicals content) compared with EAC mice. Moreover, the histopathological investigation confirms the improvement exerted by BV or MEL in the EAC mice group or EAC + R group. Exposure to γ-radiation sustained the modulatory effect of BV on tumor when compared with EAC + BV mice. Convincingly, the role of BV or MEL as a natural antiangiogenic in the biological sequelae after radiation exposure is verified. Hence, BV and its major constituent MEL might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for increasing the radiation response of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M El Bakary
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Stasiewicz M, Kwaśniewski M, Karpiński TM. Microbial Associations with Pancreatic Cancer: A New Frontier in Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153784. [PMID: 34359685 PMCID: PMC8345173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to be characterized by high morbidity and mortality, owing to the fact, among others, that it is often diagnosed at late stages. Thus far, the search for reliable biomarkers has failed. A number of recent studies have found that there are differences in the microbiota between patients with PC and their healthy counterparts. These differences extend to specific anatomical locations such as the oral cavity, the gastrointestinal tract, and the pancreas itself. The purpose of this review is to outline some of the main differences in the bacterial and fungal populations between patients with PC and their healthy counterparts that have recently come to light. Additionally, the present review aims to highlight the mechanisms underlying the aforementioned microbial associations with PC. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a global health concern with high mortality and is expected to increase as a proportion of overall cancer cases in the coming years. Most patients are diagnosed at a late stage of disease progression, which contributes to the extremely low 5-year survival rates. Presently, screening for PC remains costly and time consuming, precluding the use of widespread testing. Biomarkers have been explored as an option by which to ameliorate this situation. The authors conducted a search of available literature on PubMed to present the current state of understanding as it pertains to the use of microbial biomarkers and their associations with PC. Carriage of certain bacteria in the oral cavity (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus sp.), gut (e.g., Helicobacter pylori, Synergistetes, Proteobacteria), and pancreas (e.g., Fusobacterium sp., Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae) has been associated with an increased risk of developing PC. Additionally, the fungal genus Malassezia has likewise been associated with PC development. This review further outlines potential oncogenic mechanisms involved in the microbial-associated development of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stasiewicz
- Research Group of Medical Microbiology, Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marek Kwaśniewski
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-854-61-38
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17
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Laha D, Grant R, Mishra P, Nilubol N. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Manipulating the Immunological Response of Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656908. [PMID: 33986746 PMCID: PMC8110933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an intricate system within solid neoplasms. In this review, we aim to provide an updated insight into the TME with a focus on the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on its various components and the use of TNF-α to improve the efficiency of drug delivery. The TME comprises the supporting structure of the tumor, such as its extracellular matrix and vasculature. In addition to cancer cells and cancer stem cells, the TME contains various other cell types, including pericytes, tumor-associated fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. These cells produce signaling molecules such as growth factors, cytokines, hormones, and extracellular matrix proteins. This review summarizes the intricate balance between pro-oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions that various non-tumor cells within the TME exert. We focused on the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells in the TME that plays an essential role in regulating the immune response, tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The multifunctional cytokine, TNF-α, plays essential roles in diverse cellular events within the TME. The uses of TNF-α in cancer treatment and to facilitate cancer drug delivery are discussed. The effects of TNF-α on tumor neovasculature and tumor interstitial fluid pressure that improve treatment efficacy are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Naris Nilubol
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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18
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Jia W, Hitchcock-Szilagyi H, He W, Goldman J, Zhao F. Engineering the Lymphatic Network: A Solution to Lymphedema. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001537. [PMID: 33502814 PMCID: PMC8483563 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphedema is a life-long disorder characterized by chronic tissue swelling and inflammation that obstruct interstitial fluid circulation and immune cell trafficking. Regenerating lymphatic vasculatures using various strategies represents a promising treatment for lymphedema. Growth factor injection and gene delivery have been developed to stimulate lymphangiogenesis and augment interstitial fluid resorption. Using bioengineered materials as growth factor delivery vehicles allows for a more precisely targeted lymphangiogenic activation within the injured site. The implantation of prevascularized lymphatic tissue also promotes in situ lymphatic capillary network formation. The engineering of larger scale lymphatic tissues, including lymphatic collecting vessels and lymph nodes constructed by bioengineered scaffolds or decellularized animal tissues, offers alternatives to reconnecting damaged lymphatic vessels and restoring lymph circulation. These approaches provide lymphatic vascular grafting materials to reimpose lymphatic continuity across the site of injury, without creating secondary injuries at donor sites. The present work reviews molecular mechanisms mediating lymphatic system development, approaches to promoting lymphatic network regeneration, and strategies for engineering lymphatic tissues, including lymphatic capillaries, collecting vessels, and nodes. Challenges of advanced translational applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
| | | | - Weilue He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Jeremy Goldman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
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19
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Zhu J, Luo Y, Zhao Y, Kong Y, Zheng H, Li Y, Gao B, Ai L, Huang H, Huang J, Li Z, Chen C. circEHBP1 promotes lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer via miR-130a-3p/TGFβR1/VEGF-D signaling. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1838-1852. [PMID: 33545359 PMCID: PMC8116613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis constitutes a leading cause of recurrence and mortality in bladder cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that lymphangiogenesis is indispensable to trigger lymphatic metastasis. However, the specific mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, we revealed a pathway involved in lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer, in which a circular RNA (circRNA) facilitated lymphangiogenesis in a vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C)-independent manner. Novel circRNA circEHBP1 was markedly upregulated in bladder cancer and correlated positively with lymphatic metastasis and poor prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. circEHBP1 upregulated transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) expression through physically binding to miR-130a-3p and antagonizing the suppression effect of miR-130a-3p on the 3′ UTR region of TGFBR1. Subsequently, circEHBP1-mediated TGFβR1 overexpression activated the TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway, thereby promoting the secretion of VEGF-D and driving lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer. Importantly, administration of VEGF-D neutralizing antibodies remarkably blocked circEHBP1-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in vivo. Our findings highlighted that the circEHBP1/miR-130a-3p/TGFβR1/VEGF-D axis contributes to lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer independent of VEGF-C, which might lead to the development of circEHBP1 as a potential biomarker and promising therapeutic target for lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Interventional Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yao Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hanhao Zheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Gao
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Le Ai
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Changhao Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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20
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Yuan H, Dai Z, Zhang X, Zhao B, Chu H, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Fully automated sample treatment method for high throughput proteome analysis. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Song M, Xu T, Chen X, Li T, Wu T. Brahma-Related Gene 1 Deficiency in Endothelial Cells Ameliorates Vascular Inflammatory Responses in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578790. [PMID: 33330454 PMCID: PMC7734107 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in promoting the progression of disease genesis such as atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The physiological unbalance of endothelial cells is a major pathological basis. In this present study, we investigated Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), a chromatin remodeling protein, was in mouse models of diabetic atherosclerosis and AAA, focusing on its role in endothelial dysfunction. We report that compared with their wild-type (WT, ApoE–/–; BRG1fl/fl) littermates, endothelium conditional BRG1 knockout mice (CKO, ApoE–/–; BRG1fl/fl; CDH5-cre) exhibited an alleviated phenotype of diabetic atherosclerosis. Immunohistochemically staining and real-time PCR analysis demonstrated fewer macrophages recruitment with a reduction of vascular inflammatory in CKO mice compared with WT mice. Further research in the Ang-II induced AAA model revealed that BRG1 deficiency had the protective effects on endothelium conditional BRG1 deletion, evidenced by the downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, not tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] in the vessels of CKO mice compared with WT mice. In Ea.hy926 cell lines, anti-BRG1 small interfering RNA and PFI-3 treatment obviously alleviated tumor necrosis factor-α-induced IL-6 and CCL2 expression, and further research demonstrated that the BRG1 inhibition in endothelial cells not only decreased c-Fos expression but also blocked the c-Fos translocation into nuclei. In conclusion, our results suggest that endothelial BRG1 deficiency may protect the mice from diabetic atherosclerosis and AAA via inhibiting inflammatory response in vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Huidi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingzi Song
- Laboratory Center for Experimental Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongchang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianfa Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Teng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Song X, Hu Y, Li Y, Shao R, Liu F, Liu Y. Overview of current targeted therapy in gallbladder cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:230. [PMID: 33028805 PMCID: PMC7542154 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is rare, but is the most malignant type of biliary tract tumor. Unfortunately, only a small population of cancer patients is acceptable for the surgical resection, the current effective regimen; thus, the high mortality rate has been static for decades. To substantially circumvent the stagnant scenario, a number of therapeutic approaches owing to the creation of advanced technologic measures (e.g., next-generation sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics) have been intensively innovated, which include targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems. In the current review, we primarily focus on the targeted therapy capable of specifically inhibiting individual key molecules that govern aberrant signaling cascades in GBC. Global clinical trials of targeted therapy in GBC are updated and may offer great value for novel pathologic and therapeutic insights of this deadly disease, ultimately improving the efficacy of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Song
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fatao Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Peng L, Dong Y, Fan H, Cao M, Wu Q, Wang Y, Zhou C, Li S, Zhao C, Wang Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating Lymphangiogenesis: A Literature Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1259. [PMID: 33013360 PMCID: PMC7495091 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels, as an important part of the lymphatic system, form a fine vascular system in humans and play an important role in regulating fluid homeostasis, assisting immune surveillance and transporting dietary lipids. Dysfunction of lymphatic vessels can cause many diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, lymphedema, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis. Research on lymphangiogenesis has become increasingly important over the last few decades. Nevertheless, the explicit role of regulating lymphangiogenesis in preventing and treating diseases remains unclear owing to the lack of a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways of the specific and tissue-specific changes in lymphangiopathy. TCM, consisting of compound extracted from TCM, Injections of single TCM and formula, is an important complementary strategy for treating disease in China. Lots of valuable traditional Chinese medicines are used as substitutes or supplements in western countries. As one of the main natural resources, these TCM are widely used in new drug research and development in Asia. Moreover, as a historical and cultural heritage, TCM has been widely applied to clinical research on lymphangiogenesis leveraging new technologies recently. Available studies show that TCM has an explicit effect on the regulation of lymphatic regeneration. This review aims to clarify the function and mechanisms, especially the inhibitory effect of TCM in facilitating and inhibiting lymphatic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longping Peng
- Cardiovascular Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidan Dong
- Cardiovascular Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Cardiovascular Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Cao
- Cardiovascular Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Cardiovascular Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Zhou
- Cardiovascular Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchun Li
- Cardiovascular Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Vascular Disease Department, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Liu S, Chu B, Cai C, Wu X, Yao W, Wu Z, Yang Z, Li F, Liu Y, Dong P, Gong W. DGCR5 Promotes Gallbladder Cancer by Sponging MiR-3619-5p via MEK/ERK1/2 and JNK/p38 MAPK Pathways. J Cancer 2020; 11:5466-5477. [PMID: 32742494 PMCID: PMC7391188 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly aggressive malignant cancer with poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene (DGCR5) has been reported to participate in various types of cancers, but its role in GBC remains largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the functions and mechanisms of DGCR5 in GBC. Here, we found that DGCR5 was upregulated in GBC tissues and cell lines. Through functional experiments, it was demonstrated that silence of DGCR5 significantly suppressed the cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in GBC cells. In addition, miR-3619-5p was predicted and further verified as the target of DGCR5. Moreover, miR-3619-5p was observed downregulated in GBC tissues and cell lines, and miR-3619-5p mimics repressed the GBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and could be rescued by DGCR5 overexpression. Mechanistically, it was found that DGCR5 knockdown and miR-3619-5p mimics inactivated the MEK/ERK1/2 and JNK/p38 MAPK pathways. In addition, rescue experiments indicated that inhibition of MEK/ERK1/2 and JNK/p38 MAPK pathways could reverse the effects of DGCR5 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Finally, xenograft model assay was used to validate that knockdown of DGCR5 suppressed GBC via regulating MEK/ERK1/2 and JNK/p38 MAPK pathways in vivo. Taken together, it was uncovered in our study that DGCR5 exerts an oncogenic role by sponging miR-3619-5p and activating MEK/ERK1/2 and JNK/p38 MAPK pathways in GBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bingfeng Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chen Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiangsong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenyan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ziyou Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fengnan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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25
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Korneva YS, Ukrainets RV. The role of the cardiac lymphatic system in the development and progression of heart failure and novel therapeutic approaches for its management in post-infarction cardiac remodeling. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac lymphatic vessels play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in both physiological and pathological conditions, providing outflow of metabolites. It has been shown that myocardial infarction and postinfarction cardiac remodeling is accompanied by the lymphatic remodeling, which entails functional disorders and is of great importance in heart failure pathogenesis. As a result of progressive myocardial edema, hypoxia and fibrosis of the interstitial space increase, aggravating edema. Other pathways of additional myocardial damage and contractility reduction are triggered. Lymphatic efflux is associated with arrhythmias. Experimental models showed the positive effect of exogenous activation of lymphangiogenesis in relation to the prevention and treatment of heart failure, which can be further used to improve treatment regimens. This review discusses cardiac lymphatic remodeling after myocardial infarction, as well as the pathogenesis of related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu. S. Korneva
- Smolensk State Medical University;
Smolensk Regional Institute of Pathology
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26
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Pal S, Nath S, Meininger CJ, Gashev AA. Emerging Roles of Mast Cells in the Regulation of Lymphatic Immuno-Physiology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1234. [PMID: 32625213 PMCID: PMC7311670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are abundant in almost all vascularized tissues. Furthermore, their anatomical proximity to lymphatic vessels and their ability to synthesize, store and release a large array of inflammatory and vasoactive mediators emphasize their significance in the regulation of the lymphatic vascular functions. As a major secretory cell of the innate immune system, MCs maintain their steady-state granule release under normal physiological conditions; however, the inflammatory response potentiates their ability to synthesize and secrete these mediators. Activation of MCs in response to inflammatory signals can trigger adaptive immune responses by dendritic cell-directed T cell activation. In addition, through the secretion of various mediators, cytokines and growth factors, MCs not only facilitate interaction and migration of immune cells, but also influence lymphatic permeability, contractility, and vascular remodeling as well as immune cell trafficking through the lymphatic vessels. In summary, the consequences of these events directly affect the lymphatic niche, influencing inflammation at multiple levels. In this review, we have summarized the recent advancements in our understanding of the MC biology in the context of the lymphatic vascular system. We have further highlighted the MC-lymphatic interaction axis from the standpoint of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Pal
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Shubhankar Nath
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
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27
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Tsuru S, Ito Y, Matsuda H, Hosono K, Inoue T, Nakamoto S, Kurashige C, Mishima T, Tsujikawa K, Okamoto H, Majima M. RAMP1 signaling in immune cells regulates inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis. J Transl Med 2020; 100:738-750. [PMID: 31911634 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) regulates inflammation via signaling through receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 1. Here, we investigated the role of RAMP1 signaling in growth of lymphatic vessels during inflammation. Lymphangiogenesis in the diaphragm of RAMP1-deficient (-/-) mice or their wild-type (WT) counterparts was induced by repeated intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Compared with WT mice, LPS-induced lymphangiogenesis in RAMP1-/- mice was suppressed. This was accompanied by the reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D. The number of CD4+ cells in diaphragm tissue from WT mice was greater than RAMP1-/- mice. Removing CD4+ cells attenuated lymphangiogenesis and expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D. CD4+ cells isolated from RAMP1-/- mice exhibited reduced expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D. The number of CD11b+ cells from RAMP1-/- mice was higher than WT mice and was associated with the upregulated expression of genes related to pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype and downregulation of reparative macrophage phenotype-related expression. When fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran was injected into the peritoneal cavity, the amount of residual FITC-dextran in WT mice was lower than that in RAMP1-/- mice. The present results suggest that RAMP1 signaling in immune cells plays a critical role in inflammation-related lymphangiogenesis; therefore, it represents a novel target for controlling lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Tsuru
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kanako Hosono
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Inoue
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Chie Kurashige
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Mishima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Okamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
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28
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Li Y, Sun W, Sun D, Yin D. Retracted: Ras-ERK1/2 signaling promotes the development of uveal melanoma by downregulating H3K14ac. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16011-16020. [PMID: 30770563 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ras-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling has been proposed as the crucial regulators in the development of various cancers. Histone acetylation at H3 lysine 14 (H3K14ac) is closely associated with gene expression and DNA damage. However, whether H3K14ac participates in mediating Ras-ERK1/2-induced cell proliferation and migration in uveal melanoma cells remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of H3K14ac on Ras-ERK1/2 affected uveal melanoma cell phenotypes. MP65 cells were transfected with Ras WT and Ras G12V/T35S , the unloaded plasmid of pEGFP-N1 served as a negative control. Protein levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 Thr202 and H3K14ac were assessed by western blot assay. Cell viability, number of colonies, migration, and the downstream genes of ERK1/2 were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, soft-agar colony formation, transwell, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. HA-tag vectors of CLR3 and TIP60 and the small interfering RNAs that specific for CLR3 and MDM2 were transfected into MP65 cells to uncover the effects of CLR3, TIP60, and MDM2 on Ras-ERK1/2 mediated H3K14ac expression and MP65 cell phenotypes. We found that, Ras-ERK1/2 decreased H3K14ac expression in MP65 cells, and H3K14ac significantly suppressed Ras-ERK1/2-induced cell viability, colony formation, and migration in MP65 cells. Moreover, the transcription of CYR61, IGFBP3, WNT16B, NT5E, GDF15, and CARD16 was regulated by H3K14ac. Additionally, CLR3 silence recovered H3K14ac expression and reversed the effect of Ras-ERK1/2 on MP65 cell proliferation, migration and the mRNAs of ERK1/2 downstream genes. Besides, Ras-ERK1/2 decreased H3K14ac expression by MDM2-mediated TIP60 degradation. In conclusion, Ras-ERK1/2 promoted uveal melanoma cells growth and migration by downregulating H3K14ac via MDM2-mediated TIP60 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weixuan Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dajun Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dexin Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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29
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Lin X, Yang Y, Guo Y, Liu H, Jiang J, Zheng F, Wu B. PTTG1 is involved in TNF-α-related hepatocellular carcinoma via the induction of c-myc. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5702-5715. [PMID: 31385458 PMCID: PMC6745867 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant disease caused by a variety of factors. However, the genomic and molecular aberrations in HCC are largely unknown. Herein, pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) was discovered as a potential inflammation‐related oncogene in HCC, and its functions and molecular mechanisms were investigated. mRNA expression microarray, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting analyses revealed that PTTG1 is upregulated in HCC. Further in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) induces PTTG1 expression, and PTTG1 was found to upregulate c‐myc, a well‐known oncogene. Downregulation of PTTG1 reduced c‐myc and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and inhibited cell proliferation. Interestingly, inhibition of c‐myc by 10058‐F4 did not affect PTTG1, which suggests that PTTG1 regulates c‐myc expression. Furthermore, PTTG1 expression levels are inversely correlated with HCC patient survival, indicating an independent prognostic biomarker for patients with HCC. Our data demonstrate that PTTG1 is involved in TNF‐α‐related HCC via c‐myc induction and that PTTG1 may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyi Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yidong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunwei Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Berguetti T, Quintaes LSP, Hancio T, Robaina MC, Cruz ALS, Maia RC, de Souza PS. TNF-α Modulates P-Glycoprotein Expression and Contributes to Cellular Proliferation via Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050500. [PMID: 31137684 PMCID: PMC6562596 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1) overexpression is associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype and, consequently, failure in cancer chemotherapy. However, molecules involved in cell death deregulation may also support MDR. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an important cytokine that may trigger either death or tumor growth. Here, we examined the role of cancer cells in self-maintenance and promotion of cellular malignancy through the transport of Pgp and TNF-α molecules by extracellular vesicles (membrane microparticles (MP)). By using a classical MDR model in vitro, we identified a positive correlation between endogenous TNF-α and Pgp, which possibly favored a non-cytotoxic effect of recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α). We also found a positive feedback involving rTNF-α incubation and TNF-α regulation. On the other hand, rTNF-α induced a reduction in Pgp expression levels and contributed to a reduced Pgp efflux function. Our results also showed that parental and MDR cells spontaneously released MP containing endogenous TNF-α and Pgp. However, these MP were unable to transfer their content to non-cancer recipient cells. Nevertheless, MP released from parental and MDR cells elevated the proliferation index of non-tumor cells. Collectively, our results suggest that Pgp and endogenous TNF-α positively regulate cancer cell malignancy and contribute to changes in normal cell behavior through MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandressa Berguetti
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Strictu Sensu em Oncologia, INCA, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Lucas S P Quintaes
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Thais Hancio
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Strictu Sensu em Oncologia, INCA, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Marcela C Robaina
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - André L S Cruz
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Raquel C Maia
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Silva de Souza
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil.
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31
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cIAP1 promotes proliferation and migration and prevents apoptosis in gallbladder cancer in vitro. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182266. [PMID: 30902881 PMCID: PMC6465201 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a demanding fatal disease with no ideal treatment for inoperable patients. Recent reports have determined TNF-α associated lymphatic metastasis in GBC, while its resistance to TNF-α-killing remains largely unexplored. In this assay, we first found cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (cIAP1) overexpressed in GBC tissues and the roles in promoting the proliferation and migration of GBC in vitro as its homology cIAP2 does. Then how GBC cell survives TNF-α toxicity and TNF-α-induced apoptosis first prevail as follows. The reduction in cIAP1 does not give rise to apoptosis even with the stimulation of TNF-α. Importantly, the loss of cIAP1 enhanced TNF-α/cycloheximide-induced apoptosis in higher activation statuses of Caspase-8, Caspase-3 without the induction of Complex Ⅱ. In response to TNF-α, the reduction in cIAP1 caused the suppression in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and inhibition of transcription of cell death regulator cellular FLICE-like Inhibitory Protein (c-FLIP) instead. To conclude, cIAP1 is an oncological protein abundant in GBC tissues, which enhances proliferation and immigration and blocks TNF-α from apoptosis through NF-κB pathway in vitro.
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32
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Cote B, Rao D, Alany RG, Kwon GS, Alani AW. Lymphatic changes in cancer and drug delivery to the lymphatics in solid tumors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:16-34. [PMID: 31461662 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although many solid tumors use the lymphatic system to metastasize, there are few treatment options that directly target cancer present in the lymphatic system, and those that do are highly invasive, uncomfortable, and/or have limitations. In this review we provide a brief overview of lymphatic function and anatomy, discusses changes that befall the lymphatics in cancer and the mechanisms by which these changes occur, and highlight limitations of lymphatic drug delivery. We then go on to summarize relevant techniques and new research for targeting cancer populations in the lymphatics and enhancing drug delivery intralymphatically, including intralymphatic injections, isolated limb perfusion, passive nano drug delivery systems, and actively targeted nanomedicine.
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33
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CSgator: an integrated web platform for compound set analysis. J Cheminform 2019; 11:17. [PMID: 30830479 PMCID: PMC6419788 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-019-0339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery typically involves investigation of a set of compounds (e.g. drug screening hits) in terms of target, disease, and bioactivity. CSgator is a comprehensive analytic tool for set-wise interpretation of compounds. It has two unique analytic features of Compound Set Enrichment Analysis (CSEA) and Compound Cluster Analysis (CCA), which allows batch analysis of compound set in terms of (i) target, (ii) bioactivity, (iii) disease, and (iv) structure. CSEA and CCA present enriched profiles of targets and bioactivities in a compound set, which leads to novel insights on underlying drug mode-of-action, and potential targets. Notably, we propose a novel concept of 'Hit Enriched Assays", i.e. bioassays of which hits are enriched among a given set of compounds. As an example, we show its utility in revealing drug mode-of-action or identifying hidden targets for anti-lymphangiogenesis screening hits. CSgator is available at http://csgator.ewha.ac.kr , and most analytic results are downloadable.
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Zheng Z, Zeng YZ, Ren K, Zhu X, Tan Y, Li Y, Li Q, Yi GH. S1P promotes inflammation-induced tube formation by HLECs via the S1PR1/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 66:224-235. [PMID: 30476824 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis is a widely accepted concept. However, most of the inflammatory factors and their related mechanisms have not been clarified. It has been reported that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is not only closely related to the chronic inflammatory process but also affects angiogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the inflammatory effects of S1P on human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs). Our results showed that S1P promotes tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in HLECs. We also confirmed that S1P-stimulated TNF-α and IL-1β secretion is mediated through S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1). Using TNF-α siRNA and IL-1β siRNA, we found that TNF-α and IL-1β play essential roles in S1P-induced HLEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. S1P induces phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and activation of NF-κB nuclear translocation. A S1PR1 antagonist (W146) and NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082) inhibited S1P-induced TNF-α and IL-1β secretion and prevented NF-κB nuclear translocation. Taken together, the results demonstrated for the first time that S1P promotes the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β in HLECs via S1PR1-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways, thus affecting lymphangiogenesis. The study provides a new strategy for finding treatments for lymphangiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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35
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Li CZ, Jiang XJ, Lin B, Hong HJ, Zhu SY, Jiang L, Wang XQ, Tang NH, She FF, Chen YL. RIP1 regulates TNF-α-mediated lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in gallbladder cancer by modulating the NF-κB-VEGF-C pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2875-2890. [PMID: 29844685 PMCID: PMC5962258 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s159026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) enhances lymphangiogenesis in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) via activation of nuclear factor (NF-κB)-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). Receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is a multifunctional protein in the TNF-α signaling pathway and is highly expressed in GBC. However, whether RIP1 participates in the signaling pathway of TNF-α-mediated VEGF-C expression that enhances lymphangiogenesis in GBC remains unclear. Methods The RIP1 protein levels in the GBC-SD and NOZ cells upon stimulation with increasing concentrations of TNF-α as indicated was examined using Western blot. Lentiviral RIP1 shRNA and siIκBα were constructed and transduced respectively them into NOZ and GBC-SD cells, and then PcDNA3.1-RIP1 vectors was transduced into siRIP1 cell lines to reverse RIP1 expression. The protein expression of RIP1, inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα), p-IκBα, TAK1, NF-κB essential modulator were examined through immunoblotting or immunoprecipitation. Moreover, VEGF-C mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, VEGF-C protein levels were measured by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and VEGF-C promoter and NF-κB activities were quantified using a dual luciferase reporter assay. The association of NF-κB with the VEGF-C promoter was analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. A three-dimensional coculture method and orthotopic transplantation nude mice model were used to evaluate lymphatic tube-forming and metastasis ability in GBC cells. The expression of RIP1 protein, TNF-α protein and lymphatic vessels in human GBC tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry, and the dependence between RIP1 protein with TNF-α protein and lymphatic vessel density was analysed. Results TNF-α dose- and time-dependently increased RIP1 protein expression in the GBC-SD and NOZ cells of GBC, and the strongest effect was observed with a concentration of 50 ng/ml. RIP1 is fundamental for TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation in GBC cells and can regulate TNF-α-mediated VEGF-C expression at the protein and transcriptional levels through the NF-κB pathway. RIP1 can regulate TNF-α-mediated lymphatic tube formation and metastasis in GBC cells both in vitro and vivo. The average optical density of RIP1 was linearly related to that of TNF-α protein and the lymphatic vessel density in GBC tissues. Conclusion We conclude that RIP1 regulates TNF-α-mediated lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in GBC by modulating the NF-κB-VEGF-C pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer and Key Laboratory of Tumour Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer and Key Laboratory of Tumour Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer and Key Laboratory of Tumour Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jie Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer and Key Laboratory of Tumour Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer and Key Laboratory of Tumour Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer and Key Laboratory of Tumour Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan-Hong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Fei She
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer and Key Laboratory of Tumour Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer and Key Laboratory of Tumour Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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36
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Maolake A, Izumi K, Natsagdorj A, Iwamoto H, Kadomoto S, Makino T, Naito R, Shigehara K, Kadono Y, Hiratsuka K, Wufuer G, Nastiuk KL, Mizokami A. Tumor necrosis factor-α induces prostate cancer cell migration in lymphatic metastasis through CCR7 upregulation. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1524-1531. [PMID: 29575464 PMCID: PMC5980342 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of lymph node metastasis, a poor prognostic sign for prostate cancer, and the further dissemination of the disease is important to develop novel treatment strategies. Recent studies have reported that C‐C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), whose ligand is CCL21, is abundantly expressed in lymph node metastasis and promotes cancer progression. Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is chronically produced at low levels within the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to determine whether TNF‐α promotes prostate cancer dissemination from metastatic lymph nodes through activation of the CCL21/CCR7 axis. First, human prostate cancer cells were determined to express both TNF‐α and CCR7. Second, low concentrations of TNF‐α were confirmed to induce CCR7 in prostate cancer cells through phosphorylation of ERK. Finally, CCL21 was found to promote the migration of prostate cancer cells through phosphorylation of the protein kinase p38. Our results suggest that TNF‐α leads to the induction of CCR7 expression and that the CCL21/CCR7 axis might increase the metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells in lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aerken Maolake
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.,Departments of Cancer Genetics and Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kouji Izumi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ariunbold Natsagdorj
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwamoto
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Suguru Kadomoto
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Makino
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Renato Naito
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shigehara
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kadono
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hiratsuka
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Guzailinuer Wufuer
- Hematology Department, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kent L Nastiuk
- Departments of Cancer Genetics and Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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37
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Cao L, Liu Y, Wang D, Huang L, Li F, Liu J, Zhang C, Shen Z, Gao Q, Yuan W, Zhang Y. MiR-760 suppresses human colorectal cancer growth by targeting BATF3/AP-1/cyclinD1 signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:83. [PMID: 29661228 PMCID: PMC5902951 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) often function as negative post-transcriptional regulators with altered expression levels found in colorectal cancer (CRC). There have been few studies on miRNAs that regulate the oncogenic alterations in CRC. Here, we aim to explore the anti-cancer miRNA and the potential mechanisms by which miRNAs modulate CRC progression. Methods We performed an integrated analysis of CRC miRNA expression datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The miRNA with the lowest expression, miR-760, was validated in an independent validation sample cohort of 76 CRC tissues. Functional assays, such as CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and CFSE staining, were used to determine the oncogenic role of miR-760 in human CRC progression. Furthermore, western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to determine the mechanism by which miR-760 promotes proliferation of CRC cells. Xenograft nude mouse models were used to determine the role of miR-760 in CRC tumorigenicity in vivo. Immunohistochemical assays were conducted to study the relationship between miR-760 expression and basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like 3 (BATF3) expression in human CRC samples. Results miR-760 was markedly downregulated in CRC tissues, and low miR-760 expression was associated with poor prognosis among CRC patients. Upregulation of miR-760 suppressed CRC cell proliferation, whereas downregulation of miR-760 promoted CRC proliferation in vitro. Additionally, we identified BATF3 as a direct target of miR-760, and that the essential biological function of miR-760 during CRC progression both in vitro and in vivo is to suppress the expression of BATF3 and downstream cyclinD1 via AP-1 transcription factor. Finally, we showed a significant correlation between miR-760 and BATF3 expression in CRC tissues. Conclusions miR-760 inhibited CRC growth by downregulating BATF3/AP-1/ cyclinD1 signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0757-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Cao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhibo Shen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China. .,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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38
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Zhao P, Zhang Z. TNF-α promotes colon cancer cell migration and invasion by upregulating TROP-2. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3820-3827. [PMID: 29467899 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of tumor-associated calcium signal transduction protein (TROP)-2 have been demonstrated to be strongly associated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in colon cancer. In the present study, the effect of TNF-α on the regulation of TROP-2 expression and its effect in colon cancer cell migration and invasion were investigated in vitro. TROP-2 protein levels were evaluated in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells cultured with various concentrations of TNF-α using western blot analysis. Changes in the migratory and invasive potential of the cells were evaluated using a wound healing and transwell assay, respectively. Then, TROP-2 expression was downregulated in cells by use of siRNA, and TROP-2 knockdown was confirmed at the mRNA and protein level by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The migration and invasion potential of cells transfected with TROP-2 siRNA was also evaluated. Levels of several mitogen-activated protein kinase proteins, namely p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), were detected in cells treated with TNF-α using western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that TROP-2 protein levels increased in cells treated with lower concentrations of TNF-α, but decreased in cells treated with higher concentrations of TNF-α, compared with untreated control. Maximum TROP-2 levels were observed in cells treated with 20 µg/l TNF-α. Migration and invasion were enhanced in cells treated with 20 µg/l TNF-α. When TROP-2 was silenced in colon cancer cells by siRNA, migration and invasion were significantly decreased compared with control cells. TNF-α stimulation activated the ERK1/2 pathway, but did not significantly affect p38 and JNK phosphorylation levels. Treatment with a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor suppressed the TNF-α-induced upregulation of TROP-2 and the TNF-α-induced colon cancer cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that low concentrations of TNF-α significantly enhanced colon cancer cell migration and invasion by upregulating TROP-2 via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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39
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Medhat AM, Azab KS, Said MM, El Fatih NM, El Bakary NM. Antitumor and radiosensitizing synergistic effects of apigenin and cryptotanshinone against solid Ehrlich carcinoma in female mice. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317728480. [PMID: 29022496 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317728480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable attention has been paid to the introduction of novel naturally occurring plant-derived radiosensitizer compounds in order to augment the radiation efficacy and improve the treatment outcome of different tumors. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the antitumor, antiangiogeneic, and synergistic radiosensitizing effects of apigenin, a dietary flavonoid, and/or cryptotanshinone, a terpenoid isolated from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, against the growth of solid Ehrlich carcinoma in female mice. Apigenin (50 mg/kg body weight) and/or cryptotanshinone (40 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected into non-irradiated or γ-irradiated (6.5 Gy whole-body γ-irradiation) solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice for 30 consecutive days. Investigations included molecular targets involved in proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor invasiveness. Treatment with apigenin and/or cryptotanshinone significantly suppressed the growth of solid Ehrlich carcinoma tumors and demonstrated a synergistic radiosensitizing efficacy together with γ-irradiation. These effects were achieved through downregulating the expression of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic regulators, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, vascular endothelial growth factor C, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, suppressing matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities, which play a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis, and enhancing apoptosis via inducing cleaved caspase-3 and granzyme B levels. Histological findings of solid Ehrlich carcinoma tumors verified the recorded data. In conclusion, a synergistic radiosensitizing efficacy for apigenin and cryptotanshinone was demonstrated against Ehrlich carcinoma in the current in vivo murine model, representing therefore a potential therapeutic strategy for increasing the radiation response of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M Medhat
- 1 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Sh Azab
- 2 Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Said
- 1 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neama M El Fatih
- 2 Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen M El Bakary
- 2 Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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40
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Wang P, Ma M, Zhang S. EGF-induced urokinase plasminogen activator receptor promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2325-2334. [PMID: 28849196 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling has been shown to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in many types of cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism of EGF-induced EMT in gastric cancer remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and BGC-823 underwent EMT phenotypic changes upon exposure to EGF. The induction of EMT was consistent with aggressive characteristics such as increased cell migration, invasion and clonogenic growth. Additionally, EGF stimulation also led to the upregulation of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) both at mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of uPAR by siRNA significantly attenuated EMT induction by EGF in SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells. Furthermore, EGF increased ERK1/2 activity and blocking ERK1/2 signaling with its inhibitor, U0126, markedly inhibited EGF-induced uPAR expression and consequently EMT. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that EGF induced aggressiveness of gastric cancer cells by activating EMT, which involved the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway and, subsequently, uPAR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225599, P.R. China
| | - Maoyuan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225599, P.R. China
| | - Shanhui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225599, P.R. China
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41
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Andersen LMK, Wegner CS, Simonsen TG, Huang R, Gaustad JV, Hauge A, Galappathi K, Rofstad EK. Lymph node metastasis and the physicochemical micro-environment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenografts. Oncotarget 2017; 8:48060-48074. [PMID: 28624797 PMCID: PMC5564626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients develop lymph node metastases early and have a particularly poor prognosis. The poor prognosis has been shown to be associated with the physicochemical microenvironment of the tumor tissue, which is characterized by desmoplasia, abnormal microvasculature, extensive hypoxia, and highly elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP). In this study, we searched for associations between lymph node metastasis and features of the physicochemical microenvironment in an attempt to identify mechanisms leading to metastatic dissemination and growth. BxPC-3 and Capan-2 PDAC xenografts were used as preclinical models of human PDAC. In both models, lymph node metastasis was associated with high IFP rather than high fraction of hypoxic tissue or high microvascular density. Seven angiogenesis-related genes associated with high IFP-associated lymph node metastasis were detected by quantitative PCR in each of the models, and these genes were all up-regulated in high IFP/highly metastatic tumors. Three genes were mutual for the BxPC-3 and Capan-2 models: transforming growth factor beta, angiogenin, and insulin-like growth factor 1. Further comprehensive studies are needed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between the up-regulation of these genes and high IFP and/or high propensity for lymph node metastasis in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Mari K. Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine S. Wegner
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude G. Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruixia Huang
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kanthi Galappathi
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K. Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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42
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Jiyuan L, Jian P, Chengge H, Yunlong W, Zhengwen L, Xiufa T. [Exploratory study on influence of biopsy to biological behavior of Tca8113 transplanted tumor]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2016; 34:626-631. [PMID: 28318166 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We established an animal model of nude mice with Tca8113 tumor and cut some tissue for biopsy. We also determined the biological behavior and mechanisms of the tumor. METHODS The mice were divided into two groups randomly. Mice in both groups were injected with Tca8113 cells into their tongues. The survival condition, growth of primary focus, and metastasis were observed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were performed on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), and Ki67 to determine their distributions within the tumor. Cytokeratin staining was also performed to detect micrometastasis in the submandibular lymph nodes. RESULTS The emerging rate of tumor was 97.92%. The weight and survival time of the experimental group were lower than that of the control group, whereas the metastasis ratio was higher. The expression of NF-κB, MMP-9, SDF-1, and MMP-9 in tumors was higher in the experimental group than that in the control group. The expression of NF-κB, MMP-9, VEGF, and SDF-1 was relevant. The microvessel density of the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Biopsy can affect the biological behavior of tongue tumor and can promote growth of primary focus and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Jiyuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pan Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Chengge
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wu Yunlong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luo Zhengwen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tang Xiufa
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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