1
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Dhahri H, Saintilnord WN, Chandler D, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN. Beyond the Usual Suspects: Examining the Role of Understudied Histone Variants in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6788. [PMID: 38928493 PMCID: PMC11203562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of histone variants has structural ramifications on nucleosome dynamics and stability. Due to their unique sequences, histone variants can alter histone-histone or histone-DNA interactions, impacting the folding of DNA around the histone octamer and the overall higher-order structure of chromatin fibers. These structural modifications alter chromatin compaction and accessibility of DNA by transcription factors and other regulatory proteins to influence gene regulatory processes such as DNA damage and repair, as well as transcriptional activation or repression. Histone variants can also generate a unique interactome composed of histone chaperones and chromatin remodeling complexes. Any of these perturbations can contribute to cellular plasticity and the progression of human diseases. Here, we focus on a frequently overlooked group of histone variants lying within the four human histone gene clusters and their contribution to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejer Dhahri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA or (H.D.); (W.N.S.)
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
| | - Wesley N. Saintilnord
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA or (H.D.); (W.N.S.)
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- The Edison Family Center of Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Darrell Chandler
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
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2
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Turnham DJ, Mullen MS, Bullock NP, Gilroy KL, Richards AE, Patel R, Quintela M, Meniel VS, Seaton G, Kynaston H, Clarkson RWE, Phesse TJ, Nelson PS, Haffner MC, Staffurth JN, Pearson HB. Development and Characterisation of a New Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of AR-Negative Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:673. [PMID: 38667288 PMCID: PMC11049137 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As the treatment landscape for prostate cancer gradually evolves, the frequency of treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC) that is deficient for androgen receptor (AR) and neuroendocrine (NE) markers has increased. These prostate cancer subtypes are typically refractory to AR-directed therapies and exhibit poor clinical outcomes. Only a small range of NEPC/DNPC models exist, limiting our molecular understanding of this disease and hindering our ability to perform preclinical trials exploring novel therapies to treat NEPC/DNPC that are urgently needed in the clinic. Here, we report the development of the CU-PC01 PDX model that represents AR-negative mCRPC with PTEN/RB/PSMA loss and CTNN1B/TP53/BRCA2 genetic variants. The CU-PC01 model lacks classic NE markers, with only focal and/or weak expression of chromogranin A, INSM1 and CD56. Collectively, these findings are most consistent with a DNPC phenotype. Ex vivo and in vivo preclinical studies revealed that CU-PC01 PDX tumours are resistant to mCRPC standard-of-care treatments enzalutamide and docetaxel, mirroring the donor patient's treatment response. Furthermore, short-term CU-PC01 tumour explant cultures indicate this model is initially sensitive to PARP inhibition with olaparib. Thus, the CU-PC01 PDX model provides a valuable opportunity to study AR-negative mCRPC biology and to discover new treatment avenues for this hard-to-treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Turnham
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Manisha S. Mullen
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Nicholas P. Bullock
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | | | - Anna E. Richards
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Radhika Patel
- Division of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Marcos Quintela
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Valerie S. Meniel
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Gillian Seaton
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Howard Kynaston
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Richard W. E. Clarkson
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Toby J. Phesse
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Division of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John N. Staffurth
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Helen B. Pearson
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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3
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Zou C, Li W, Zhang Y, Feng N, Chen S, Yan L, He Q, Wang K, Li W, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu B, Zhang D. Identification of an anaplastic subtype of prostate cancer amenable to therapies targeting SP1 or translation elongation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm7098. [PMID: 38569039 PMCID: PMC10990282 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Histopathological heterogeneity is a hallmark of prostate cancer (PCa). Using spatial and parallel single-nucleus transcriptomics, we report an androgen receptor (AR)-positive but neuroendocrine-null primary PCa subtype with morphologic and molecular characteristics of small cell carcinoma. Such small cell-like PCa (SCLPC) is clinically aggressive with low AR, but high stemness and proliferation, activity. Molecular characterization prioritizes protein translation, represented by up-regulation of many ribosomal protein genes, and SP1, a transcriptional factor that drives SCLPC phenotype and overexpresses in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), as two potential therapeutic targets in AR-indifferent CRPC. An SP1-specific inhibitor, plicamycin, effectively suppresses CRPC growth in vivo. Homoharringtonine, a Food And Drug Administration-approved translation elongation inhibitor, impedes CRPC progression in preclinical models and patients with CRPC. We construct an SCLPC-specific signature capable of stratifying patients for drug selectivity. Our studies reveal the existence of SCLPC in admixed PCa pathology, which may mediate tumor relapse, and establish SP1 and translation elongation as actionable therapeutic targets for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zou
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology and Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Saisai Chen
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lianlian Yan
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qinju He
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yingying Li
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Urology and Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- National Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Industry-Education Integration Innovation Platform (Ministry of Education), Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dingxiao Zhang
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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4
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Liu S, Nam HS, Zeng Z, Deng X, Pashaei E, Zang Y, Yang L, Li C, Huang J, Wendt MK, Lu X, Huang R, Wan J. CDHu40: a novel marker gene set of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587205. [PMID: 38585861 PMCID: PMC10996696 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer affecting American men. Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) can emerge during hormone therapy for PCa, manifesting with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, continued disease progression, and/or metastasis to the new sites, resulting in a poor prognosis. A subset of CRPC patients shows a neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype, signifying reduced or no reliance on androgen receptor (AR) signaling and a particularly unfavorable prognosis. In this study, we incorporated computational approaches based on both gene expression profiles and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. We identified 500 potential marker genes, which are significantly enriched in cell cycle and neuronal processes. The top 40 candidates, collectively named as CDHu40, demonstrated superior performance in distinguishing NE prostate cancer (NEPC) and non-NEPC samples based on gene expression profiles compared to other published marker sets. Notably, some novel marker genes in CDHu40, absent in the other marker sets, have been reported to be associated with NEPC in the literature, such as DDC, FOLH1, BEX1, MAST1, and CACNA1A. Importantly, elevated CDHu40 scores derived from our predictive model showed a robust correlation with unfavorable survival outcomes in patients, indicating the potential of the CDHu40 score as a promising indicator for predicting the survival prognosis of those patients with the NE phenotype. Motif enrichment analysis on the top candidates suggests that REST and E2F6 may serve as key regulators in the NEPC progression. Significance our study integrates gene expression variances in multiple NEPC studies and protein-protein interaction network to pinpoint a specific set of NEPC maker genes namely CDHu40. These genes and scores based on their gene expression levels effectively distinguish NEPC samples and underscore the clinical prognostic significance and potential mechanism.
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5
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Kouroukli O, Bravou V, Giannitsas K, Tzelepi V. Tissue-Based Diagnostic Biomarkers of Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancer: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:805. [PMID: 38398199 PMCID: PMC10887410 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a common malignancy among elderly men, characterized by great heterogeneity in its clinical course, ranging from an indolent to a highly aggressive disease. The aggressive variant of prostate cancer (AVPC) clinically shows an atypical pattern of disease progression, similar to that of small cell PC (SCPC), and also shares the chemo-responsiveness of SCPC. The term AVPC does not describe a specific histologic subtype of PC but rather the group of tumors that, irrespective of morphology, show an aggressive clinical course, dictated by androgen receptor (AR) indifference. AR indifference represents an adaptive response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), driven by epithelial plasticity, an inherent ability of tumor cells to adapt to their environment by changing their phenotypic characteristics in a bi-directional way. The molecular profile of AVPC entails combined alterations in the tumor suppressor genes retinoblastoma protein 1 (RB1), tumor protein 53 (TP53), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The understanding of the biologic heterogeneity of castration-resistant PC (CRPC) and the need to identify the subset of patients that would potentially benefit from specific therapies necessitate the development of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. This review aims to discuss the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms of AVPC development and the potential use of emerging tissue-based biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kouroukli
- Department of Pathology, Evaggelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | | | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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6
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Mandl A, Jasmine S, Krueger T, Kumar R, Coleman IM, Dalrymple SL, Antony L, Rosen DM, Jing Y, Hanratty B, Patel RA, Jin-Yih L, Dias J, Celatka CA, Tapper AE, Kleppe M, Kanayama M, Speranzini V, Wang YZ, Luo J, Corey E, Sena LA, Casero RA, Lotan T, Trock BJ, Kachhap SK, Denmeade SR, Carducci MA, Mattevi A, Haffner MC, Nelson PS, Rienhoff HY, Isaacs JT, Brennen WN. LSD1 inhibition suppresses ASCL1 and de-represses YAP1 to drive potent activity against neuroendocrine prostate cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.576106. [PMID: 38328141 PMCID: PMC10849473 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.576106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1 or KDM1A ) has emerged as a critical mediator of tumor progression in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Among mCRPC subtypes, neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an exceptionally aggressive variant driven by lineage plasticity, an adaptive resistance mechanism to androgen receptor axis-targeted therapies. Our study shows that LSD1 expression is elevated in NEPC and associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Using genetic approaches, we validated the on-target effects of LSD1 inhibition across various models. We investigated the therapeutic potential of bomedemstat, an orally bioavailable, irreversible LSD1 inhibitor with low nanomolar potency. Our findings demonstrate potent antitumor activity against CRPC models, including tumor regressions in NEPC patient-derived xenografts. Mechanistically, our study uncovers that LSD1 inhibition suppresses the neuronal transcriptional program by downregulating ASCL1 through disrupting LSD1:INSM1 interactions and de-repressing YAP1 silencing. Our data support the clinical development of LSD1 inhibitors for treating CRPC - especially the aggressive NE phenotype. Statement of Significance Neuroendocrine prostate cancer presents a clinical challenge due to the lack of effective treatments. Our research demonstrates that bomedemstat, a potent and selective LSD1 inhibitor, effectively combats neuroendocrine prostate cancer by downregulating the ASCL1- dependent NE transcriptional program and re-expressing YAP1.
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7
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Granata I, Barboro P. Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Prostate Cancer Subtypes: An Integrative Bioinformatics Approach. Biomolecules 2024; 14:87. [PMID: 38254687 PMCID: PMC10813078 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterised by androgen dependency. Unfortunately, under anti-androgen treatment pressure, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) emerges, characterised by heterogeneous cell populations that, over time, lead to the development of different androgen-dependent or -independent phenotypes. Despite important advances in therapeutic strategies, CRPC remains incurable. Context-specific essential genes represent valuable candidates for targeted anti-cancer therapies. Through the investigation of gene and protein annotations and the integration of published transcriptomic data, we identified two consensus lists to stratify PCa patients' risk and discriminate CRPC phenotypes based on androgen receptor activity. ROC and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used for gene set validation in independent datasets. We further evaluated these genes for their association with cancer dependency. The deregulated expression of the PCa-related genes was associated with overall and disease-specific survival, metastasis and/or high recurrence risk, while the CRPC-related genes clearly discriminated between adeno and neuroendocrine phenotypes. Some of the genes showed context-specific essentiality. We further identified candidate drugs through a computational repositioning approach for targeting these genes and treating lethal variants of PCa. This work provides a proof-of-concept for the use of an integrative approach to identify candidate biomarkers involved in PCa progression and CRPC pathogenesis within the goal of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Granata
- High Performance Computing and Networking Institute (ICAR), National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Barboro
- Proteomic and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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8
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Liao RS, Ruan HT, Jang A, Huynh M, Nadal Rios R, Hoffman-Censits JH, Wei S, Mian OY, Barata PC. Emerging Insights in Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Genitourinary Tract: From Diagnosis to Novel Therapeutic Horizons. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e430336. [PMID: 38176691 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_430336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Small-cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the genitourinary (GU) tract are rare malignancies with high metastatic potential. The most common primary sites are the bladder and prostate, but case reports of primary SCC of the kidney, ureter, and urethra also exist. The majority of patients present with gross hematuria, irritative or obstructive urinary symptoms, and symptoms of locoregionally advanced or metastatic disease at initial presentation. SCC of the bladder presents with nodal or metastatic involvement in the majority of cases and requires the use of platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with surgery and/or radiation. SCC of the prostate is most commonly seen in the metastatic castrate-resistant setting, and aggressive variant disease presents with a greater propensity for visceral metastases, osteolytic lesions, and relatively low serum prostate-specific antigen for volume of disease burden. Multiple retrospective and prospective randomized studies support the use of a multimodal approach combining platinum-based systemic therapy regimens with radiation and/or surgery for localized disease. This evidence-based strategy is reflected in multiple consensus guidelines. Emerging data suggest that small-cell bladder and prostate cancers transdifferentiate from a common progenitor of conventional urothelial bladder carcinoma and prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma, respectively. Areas of active basic research include efforts to identify the key genetic and epigenetic drivers involved in the emergence of small cell cancers to exploit them for novel therapies. Here, we review these efforts, discuss diagnosis and currently supported management strategies, and summarize ongoing clinical trials evaluating novel therapies to treat this rare, aggressive GU cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross S Liao
- Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hui Ting Ruan
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Albert Jang
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Melissa Huynh
- Western University Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Shuanzeng Wei
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Omar Y Mian
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Pedro C Barata
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
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Zhang T, Zhao F, Lin Y, Liu M, Zhou H, Cui F, Jin Y, Chen L, Sheng X. Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomics develops a robust neuroendocrine cell-intrinsic signature to predict prostate cancer progression. Theranostics 2024; 14:1065-1080. [PMID: 38250042 PMCID: PMC10797290 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) typically implies severe lethality and limited treatment options. The precise identification of NEPC cells holds paramount significance for both research and clinical applications, yet valid NEPC biomarker remains to be defined. Methods: Leveraging 11 published NE-related gene sets, 11 single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) cohorts, 15 bulk transcriptomic cohorts, and 13 experimental models of prostate cancer (PCa), we employed multiple advanced algorithms to construct and validate a robust NEPC risk prediction model. Results: Through the compilation of a comprehensive scRNA-seq reference atlas (comprising a total of 210,879 single cells, including 66 tumor samples) from 9 multicenter datasets of PCa, we observed inconsistent and inefficient performance among the 11 published NE gene sets. Therefore, we developed an integrative analysis pipeline, identifying 762 high-quality NE markers. Subsequently, we derived the NE cell-intrinsic gene signature, and developed an R package named NEPAL, to predict NEPC risk scores. By applying to multiple independent validation datasets, NEPAL consistently and accurately assigned NE feature and delineated PCa progression. Intriguingly, NEPAL demonstrated predictive capabilities for prognosis and therapy responsiveness, as well as the identification of potential epigenetic drivers of NEPC. Conclusion: The present study furnishes a valuable tool for the identification of NEPC and the monitoring of PCa progression through transcriptomic profiles obtained from both bulk and single-cell sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Faming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yahang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital/Pu'ai Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Hongqing Zhou
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Fengzhen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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10
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Dutta S, Bhattacharya S, Harris H, Islam R, Bodas S, Polavaram N, Mishra J, Das D, Seshacharyulu P, Kalluchi A, Pal A, Kohli M, Lele S, Muders M, Batra S, Ghosh P, Datta K, Rowley M. Understanding the role of Pax5 in development of taxane-resistant neuroendocrine like prostate cancers. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3464475. [PMID: 38168280 PMCID: PMC10760218 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3464475/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to the current Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitor (ARSI) therapies has led to higher incidences of therapy-induced neuroendocrine-like prostate cancer (t-NEPC). This highly aggressive subtype with predominant small cell-like characteristics is resistant to taxane chemotherapies and has a dismal overall survival. t-NEPCs are mostly treated with platinum-based drugs with a combination of etoposide or taxane and have less selectivity and high systemic toxicity, which often limit their clinical potential. During t-NEPC transformation, adenocarcinomas lose their luminal features and adopt neuro-basal characteristics. Whether the adaptive neuronal characteristics of t-NEPC are responsible for such taxane resistance remains unknown. Pathway analysis from patient gene-expression databases indicates that t-NEPC upregulates various neuronal pathways associated with enhanced cellular networks. To identify transcription factor(s) (TF) that could be important for promoting the gene expression for neuronal characters in t-NEPC, we performed ATAC-Seq, acetylated-histone ChIP-seq, and RNA-seq in our NE-like cell line models and analyzed the promoters of transcriptionally active and significantly enriched neuroendocrine-like (NE-like) cancer-specific genes. Our results indicate that Pax5 could be an important transcription factor for neuronal gene expression and specific to t-NEPC. Pathway analysis revealed that Pax5 expression is involved in axonal guidance, neurotransmitter regulation, and neuronal adhesion, which are critical for strong cellular communications. Further results suggest that depletion of Pax5 disrupts cellular interaction in NE-like cells and reduces surface growth factor receptor activation, thereby, sensitizing them to taxane therapies. Moreover, t-NEPC specific hydroxymethylation of Pax5 promoter CpG islands favors Pbx1 binding to induce Pax5 expression. Based on our study, we concluded that continuous exposure to ARSI therapies leads to epigenetic modifications and Pax5 activation in t-NEPC, which promotes the expression of genes necessary to adopt taxane-resistant NE-like cancer. Thus, targeting the Pax5 axis can be beneficial for reverting their taxane sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Muders
- Rudolf Becker Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Center of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Center
| | - Surinder Batra
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
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11
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Zhang A, Lau NA, Wong A, Brown LG, Coleman IM, De Sarkar N, Li D, DeLucia DC, Labrecque MP, Nguyen HM, Conner JL, Dumpit RF, True LD, Lin DW, Corey E, Alumkal JJ, Nelson PS, Morrissey C, Lee JK. Concurrent Targeting of HDAC and PI3K to Overcome Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Castration-resistant and Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancers. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2358-2374. [PMID: 37823778 PMCID: PMC10658857 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) consists of multiple phenotypic subtypes including androgen receptor (AR)-active prostate cancer (ARPC) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Tumor cells with these phenotypes can coexist between metastases within a patient and within an individual tumor. Treatments that are effective across CRPC subtypes are currently lacking. Histone deacetylation is crucial for the regulation of chromatin structure and maintenance of cancer cell state and activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade is a tumor growth-promoting pathway. We therefore investigated combined targeting of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and PI3K using a rationally designed dual inhibitor, fimepinostat, in CRPC subtypes in vitro and in vivo. Dual HDAC1/2 and PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition by fimepinostat led to robust tumor growth inhibition in both ARPC and NEPC models including cell line- and patient-derived xenografts. HDAC1/2 inhibition combined with PI3K/AKT inhibition was more effective than targeting each pathway alone, producing growth inhibitory effects through cell-cycle inhibition and apoptosis. Molecular profiling revealed on-target effects of combined HDAC1/2 and PI3K/AKT inhibition independent of tumor phenotype. Fimepinostat therapy was also associated with the suppression of lineage transcription factors including AR in ARPC and Achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1) in NEPC. Together, these results indicate that fimepinostat represents a novel therapeutic that may be effective against both ARPC and NEPC through CRPC subtype-dependent and -independent mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE CRPC is a heterogeneous disease constituting multiple phenotypic subtypes that often co-occur within tumors or across metastases in patients. Existing targeted therapies for CRPC do not take this into account. Here we show that fimepinostat, a dual HDAC1/2 and PI3K/AKT inhibitor investigated clinically in other cancer types but not prostate cancer, may overcome this heterogeneity by effectively inhibiting both ARPC and NEPC subtypes of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Zhang
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nathan A. Lau
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alicia Wong
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisha G. Brown
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ilsa M. Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Navonil De Sarkar
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Dapei Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Diana C. DeLucia
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark P. Labrecque
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Holly M. Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer L. Conner
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ruth F. Dumpit
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lawrence D. True
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel W. Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joshi J. Alumkal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - John K. Lee
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
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12
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Quintanal-Villalonga A, Durani V, Sabet A, Redin E, Kawasaki K, Shafer M, Karthaus WR, Zaidi S, Zhan YA, Manoj P, Sridhar H, Shah NS, Chow A, Bhanot UK, Linkov I, Asher M, Yu HA, Qiu J, de Stanchina E, Patel RA, Morrissey C, Haffner MC, Koche RP, Sawyers CL, Rudin CM. Exportin 1 inhibition prevents neuroendocrine transformation through SOX2 down-regulation in lung and prostate cancers. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf7006. [PMID: 37531417 PMCID: PMC10777207 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf7006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In lung and prostate adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine (NE) transformation to an aggressive derivative resembling small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is associated with poor prognosis. We previously described dependency of SCLC on the nuclear transporter exportin 1. Here, we explored the role of exportin 1 in NE transformation. We observed up-regulated exportin 1 in lung and prostate pretransformation adenocarcinomas. Exportin 1 was up-regulated after genetic inactivation of TP53 and RB1 in lung and prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines, accompanied by increased sensitivity to the exportin 1 inhibitor selinexor in vitro. Exportin 1 inhibition prevented NE transformation in different TP53/RB1-inactivated prostate adenocarcinoma xenograft models that acquire NE features upon treatment with the aromatase inhibitor enzalutamide and extended response to the EGFR inhibitor osimertinib in a lung cancer transformation patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model exhibiting combined adenocarcinoma/SCLC histology. Ectopic SOX2 expression restored the enzalutamide-promoted NE phenotype on adenocarcinoma-to-NE transformation xenograft models despite selinexor treatment. Selinexor sensitized NE-transformed lung and prostate small cell carcinoma PDXs to standard cytotoxics. Together, these data nominate exportin 1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target to constrain lineage plasticity and prevent or treat NE transformation in lung and prostate adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vidushi Durani
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amin Sabet
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Esther Redin
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kenta Kawasaki
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Moniquetta Shafer
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wouter R. Karthaus
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Samir Zaidi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yingqian A. Zhan
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Parvathy Manoj
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Harsha Sridhar
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nisargbhai S. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Chow
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Umesh K. Bhanot
- Precision Pathology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Irina Linkov
- Precision Pathology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marina Asher
- Precision Pathology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Helena A. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan Qiu
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Radhika A. Patel
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 19024, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 19024, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard P. Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles L. Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles M. Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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13
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De Sarkar N, Patton RD, Doebley AL, Hanratty B, Adil M, Kreitzman AJ, Sarthy JF, Ko M, Brahma S, Meers MP, Janssens DH, Ang LS, Coleman IM, Bose A, Dumpit RF, Lucas JM, Nunez TA, Nguyen HM, McClure HM, Pritchard CC, Schweizer MT, Morrissey C, Choudhury AD, Baca SC, Berchuck JE, Freedman ML, Ahmad K, Haffner MC, Montgomery RB, Corey E, Henikoff S, Nelson PS, Ha G. Nucleosome Patterns in Circulating Tumor DNA Reveal Transcriptional Regulation of Advanced Prostate Cancer Phenotypes. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:632-653. [PMID: 36399432 PMCID: PMC9976992 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancers comprise distinct phenotypes, but tumor classification remains clinically challenging. Here, we harnessed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to study tumor phenotypes by ascertaining nucleosome positioning patterns associated with transcription regulation. We sequenced plasma ctDNA whole genomes from patient-derived xenografts representing a spectrum of androgen receptor active (ARPC) and neuroendocrine (NEPC) prostate cancers. Nucleosome patterns associated with transcriptional activity were reflected in ctDNA at regions of genes, promoters, histone modifications, transcription factor binding, and accessible chromatin. We identified the activity of key phenotype-defining transcriptional regulators from ctDNA, including AR, ASCL1, HOXB13, HNF4G, and GATA2. To distinguish NEPC and ARPC in patient plasma samples, we developed prediction models that achieved accuracies of 97% for dominant phenotypes and 87% for mixed clinical phenotypes. Although phenotype classification is typically assessed by IHC or transcriptome profiling from tumor biopsies, we demonstrate that ctDNA provides comparable results with diagnostic advantages for precision oncology. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides insights into the dynamics of nucleosome positioning and gene regulation associated with cancer phenotypes that can be ascertained from ctDNA. New methods for classification in phenotype mixtures extend the utility of ctDNA beyond assessments of somatic DNA alterations with important implications for molecular classification and precision oncology. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navonil De Sarkar
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pathology and Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Robert D. Patton
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anna-Lisa Doebley
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brian Hanratty
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mohamed Adil
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adam J. Kreitzman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jay F. Sarthy
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Minjeong Ko
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sandipan Brahma
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael P. Meers
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Derek H. Janssens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisa S. Ang
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ilsa M. Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Arnab Bose
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ruth F. Dumpit
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jared M. Lucas
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Talina A. Nunez
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Holly M. Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Colin C. Pritchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael T. Schweizer
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Atish D. Choudhury
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sylvan C. Baca
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Matthew L. Freedman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kami Ahmad
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - R. Bruce Montgomery
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Steven Henikoff
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Corresponding Authors: Gavin Ha, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109. Phone: 206-667-2802; E-mail: ; and Peter S. Nelson, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109. Phone: 206-667-3377; E-mail:
| | - Gavin Ha
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Corresponding Authors: Gavin Ha, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109. Phone: 206-667-2802; E-mail: ; and Peter S. Nelson, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109. Phone: 206-667-3377; E-mail:
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14
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Parry MA, Grist E, Mendes L, Dutey-Magni P, Sachdeva A, Brawley C, Murphy L, Proudfoot J, Lall S, Liu Y, Friedrich S, Ismail M, Hoyle A, Ali A, Haran A, Wingate A, Zakka L, Wetterskog D, Amos CL, Atako NB, Wang V, Rush HL, Jones RJ, Leung H, Cross WR, Gillessen S, Parker CC, Chowdhury S, Lotan T, Marafioti T, Urbanucci A, Schaeffer EM, Spratt DE, Waugh D, Powles T, Berney DM, Sydes MR, Parmar MK, Hamid AA, Feng FY, Sweeney CJ, Davicioni E, Clarke NW, James ND, Brown LC, Attard G. Clinical testing of transcriptome-wide expression profiles in high-risk localized and metastatic prostate cancer starting androgen deprivation therapy: an ancillary study of the STAMPEDE abiraterone Phase 3 trial. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2488586. [PMID: 36798177 PMCID: PMC9934744 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2488586/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic and high-risk localized prostate cancer respond to hormone therapy but outcomes vary. Following a pre-specified statistical plan, we used Cox models adjusted for clinical variables to test associations with survival of multi-gene expression-based classifiers from 781 patients randomized to androgen deprivation with or without abiraterone in the STAMPEDE trial. Decipher score was strongly prognostic (p<2×10-5) and identified clinically-relevant differences in absolute benefit, especially for localized cancers. In metastatic disease, classifiers of proliferation, PTEN or TP53 loss and treatment-persistent cells were prognostic. In localized disease, androgen receptor activity was protective whilst interferon signaling (that strongly associated with tumor lymphocyte infiltration) was detrimental. Post-Operative Radiation-Therapy Outcomes Score was prognostic in localized but not metastatic disease (interaction p=0.0001) suggesting the impact of tumor biology on clinical outcome is context-dependent on metastatic state. Transcriptome-wide testing has clinical utility for advanced prostate cancer and identified worse outcomes for localized cancers with tumor-promoting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Grist
- Cancer Institute, University College London; London, UK
| | | | - Peter Dutey-Magni
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Ashwin Sachdeva
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Brawley
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Laura Murphy
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Hoyle
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
- Department of Surgery, The Christie and Salford Royal Hospitals; Manchester, UK
| | - Adnan Ali
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Aine Haran
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
- Department of Surgery, The Christie and Salford Royal Hospitals; Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Wingate
- Cancer Institute, University College London; London, UK
| | - Leila Zakka
- Cancer Institute, University College London; London, UK
| | | | - Claire L. Amos
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Nafisah B. Atako
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Victoria Wang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, USA
| | - Hannah L. Rush
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Robert J. Jones
- University of Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre; Glasgow, UK
| | - Hing Leung
- University of Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre; Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Silke Gillessen
- Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana, EOC; Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Università della Svizzera Italiana; Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Chris C. Parker
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research; London, UK
| | | | | | - Tamara Lotan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Alfonso Urbanucci
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital; Oslo, Norway
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital; Tampere, Finland
| | - Edward M. Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago, USA
| | - Daniel E. Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Cleveland, USA
| | - David Waugh
- Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London; London, UK
| | - Daniel M. Berney
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London; London, UK
| | - Matthew R. Sydes
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Mahesh K.B. Parmar
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Anis A. Hamid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, USA
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Noel W. Clarke
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
- Department of Surgery, The Christie and Salford Royal Hospitals; Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas D. James
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research; London, UK
| | - Louise C. Brown
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
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15
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Lin J, Cai Y, Wang Z, Ma Y, Pan J, Liu Y, Zhao Z. Novel biomarkers predict prognosis and drug-induced neuroendocrine differentiation in patients with prostate cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1005916. [PMID: 36686485 PMCID: PMC9849576 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1005916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A huge focus is being placed on the development of novel signatures in the form of new combinatorial regimens to distinguish the neuroendocrine (NE) characteristics from castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) timely and accurately, as well as predict the disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Methods Single cell data of 4 normal samples, 3 CRPC samples and 3 CRPC-NE samples were obtained from GEO database, and CellChatDB was used for potential intercellular communication, Secondly, using the "limma" package (v3.52.0), we obtained the differential expressed genes between CRPC and CRPC-NE both in single-cell RNA seq and bulk RNA seq samples, and discovered 12 differential genes characterized by CRPC-NE. Then, on the one hand, the diagnosis model of CRPC-NE is developed by random forest algorithm and artificial neural network (ANN) through Cbioportal database; On the other hand, using the data in Cbioportal and GEO database, the DFS and PFS prognostic model of PCa was established and verified through univariate Cox analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression and multivariate Cox regression in R software. Finally, somatic mutation and immune infiltration were also discussed. Results Our research shows that there exists specific intercellular communication in classified clusters. Secondly, a CRPC-NE diagnostic model of six genes (HMGN2, MLLT11, SOX4, PCSK1N, RGS16 and PTMA) has been established and verified, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) is as high as 0.952 (95% CI: 0.882-0.994). The mutation landscape shows that these six genes are rarely mutated in the CRPC and NEPC samples. In addition, NE-DFS signature (STMN1 and PCSK1N) and NE-PFS signature (STMN1, UBE2S and HMGN2) are good predictors of DFS and PFS in PCa patients and better than other clinical features. Lastly, the infiltration levels of plasma cells, T cells CD4 naive, Eosinophils and Monocytes were significantly different between the CRPC and NEPC groups. Conclusions This study revealed the heterogeneity between CRPC and CRPC-NE from different perspectives, and developed a reliable diagnostic model of CRPC-NE and robust prognostic models for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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16
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Wasim S, Lee SY, Kim J. Complexities of Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14257. [PMID: 36430730 PMCID: PMC9696501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer has a long disease history and a wide variety and uncertainty in individual patients' clinical progress. In recent years, we have seen a revolutionary advance in both prostate cancer patient care and in the research field. The power of deep sequencing has provided cistromic and transcriptomic knowledge of prostate cancer that has not discovered before. Our understanding of prostate cancer biology, from bedside and molecular imaging techniques, has also been greatly advanced. It is important that our current theragnostic schemes, including our diagnostic modalities, therapeutic responses, and the drugs available to target non-AR signaling should be improved. This review article discusses the current progress in the understanding of prostate cancer biology and the recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Wasim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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17
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Ning S, Zhao J, Lombard AP, D’Abronzo LS, Leslie AR, Sharifi M, Lou W, Liu C, Yang JC, Evans CP, Corey E, Chen HW, Yu A, Ghosh PM, Gao AC. Activation of neural lineage networks and ARHGEF2 in enzalutamide-resistant and neuroendocrine prostate cancer and association with patient outcomes. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:118. [PMID: 36159187 PMCID: PMC9492734 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment-emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) after androgen receptor (AR) targeted therapies is an aggressive variant of prostate cancer with an unfavorable prognosis. The underlying mechanisms for early neuroendocrine differentiation are poorly defined and diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are needed. Methods We performed transcriptomic analysis on the enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cell line C4-2B MDVR and NEPC patient databases to identify neural lineage signature (NLS) genes. Correlation of NLS genes with clinicopathologic features was determined. Cell viability was determined in C4-2B MDVR and H660 cells after knocking down ARHGEF2 using siRNA. Organoid viability of patient-derived xenografts was measured after knocking down ARHGEF2. Results We identify a 95-gene NLS representing the molecular landscape of neural precursor cell proliferation, embryonic stem cell pluripotency, and neural stem cell differentiation, which may indicate an early or intermediate stage of neuroendocrine differentiation. These NLS genes positively correlate with conventional neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin and synaptophysin, and negatively correlate with AR and AR target genes in advanced prostate cancer. Differentially expressed NLS genes stratify small-cell NEPC from prostate adenocarcinoma, which are closely associated with clinicopathologic features such as Gleason Score and metastasis status. Higher ARGHEF2, LHX2, and EPHB2 levels among the 95 NLS genes correlate with a shortened survival time in NEPC patients. Furthermore, downregulation of ARHGEF2 gene expression suppresses cell viability and markers of neuroendocrine differentiation in enzalutamide-resistant and neuroendocrine cells. Conclusions The 95 neural lineage gene signatures capture an early molecular shift toward neuroendocrine differentiation, which could stratify advanced prostate cancer patients to optimize clinical treatment and serve as a source of potential therapeutic targets in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ning
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Jinge Zhao
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Present Address: Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Alan P. Lombard
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Leandro S. D’Abronzo
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Amy R. Leslie
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Masuda Sharifi
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Wei Lou
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Chengfei Liu
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Joy C. Yang
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Christopher P. Evans
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Eva Corey
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Aiming Yu
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.413933.f0000 0004 0419 2847VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Allen C. Gao
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.413933.f0000 0004 0419 2847VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA USA
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18
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Neuropilin-2 promotes lineage plasticity and progression to neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4307-4317. [PMID: 35986103 PMCID: PMC9464715 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a lethal subset of prostate cancer, is characterized by loss of AR signaling and resulting resistance to AR-targeted therapy during neuroendocrine transdifferentiation, for which the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that neuropilin 2 (NRP2) is upregulated in both de novo and therapy-induced NEPC, which induces neuroendocrine markers, neuroendocrine cell morphology, and NEPC cell aggressive behavior. NRP2 silencing restricted NEPC tumor xenograft growth. Mechanistically, NRP2 engages in reciprocal crosstalk with AR, where NRP2 is transcriptionally inhibited by AR, and in turn suppresses AR signaling by downregulating the AR transcriptional program and confers resistance to enzalutamide. Moreover, NRP2 physically interacts with VEGFR2 through the intracellular SEA domain to activate STAT3 phosphorylation and subsequently SOX2, thus driving NEPC differentiation and growth. Collectively, these results characterize NRP2 as a driver of NEPC and suggest NRP2 as a potential therapeutic target in NEPC.
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19
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Thompson KJ, Leon-Ferre RA, Sinnwell JP, Zahrieh D, Suman V, Metzger F, Asad S, Stover D, Carey L, Sikov W, Ingle J, Liu M, Carter J, Klee E, Weinshilboum R, Boughey J, Wang L, Couch F, Goetz M, Kalari K. Luminal androgen receptor breast cancer subtype and investigation of the microenvironment and neoadjuvant chemotherapy response. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac018. [PMID: 35734391 PMCID: PMC9204893 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with low overall survival rates and high molecular heterogeneity; therefore, few targeted therapies are available. The luminal androgen receptor (LAR) is the most consistently identified TNBC subtype, but the clinical utility has yet to be established. Here, we constructed a novel genomic classifier, LAR-Sig, that distinguishes the LAR subtype from other TNBC subtypes and provide evidence that it is a clinically distinct disease. A meta-analysis of seven TNBC datasets (n = 1086 samples) from neoadjuvant clinical trials demonstrated that LAR patients have significantly reduced response (pCR) rates than non-LAR TNBC patients (odds ratio = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.89). Moreover, deconvolution of the tumor microenvironment confirmed an enrichment of luminal epithelium corresponding with a decrease in basal and myoepithelium in LAR TNBC tumors. Increased immunosuppression in LAR patients may lead to a decreased presence of cycling T-cells and plasma cells. While, an increased presence of myofibroblast-like cancer-associated cells may impede drug delivery and treatment. In summary, the lower levels of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), reduced immune activity in the micro-environment, and lower pCR rates after NAC, suggest that new therapeutic strategies for the LAR TNBC subtype need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Thompson
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jason P Sinnwell
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David M Zahrieh
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vera J Suman
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Sarah Asad
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel G Stover
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa Carey
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Medical Science, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William M Sikov
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Medicine Women, Providence, RI, USA
- Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James N Ingle
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Oncology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Minetta C Liu
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Oncology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jodi M Carter
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Liewei Wang
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Oncology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Krishna R Kalari
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
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20
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Abstract
This overview of the molecular pathology of lung cancer includes a review of the most salient molecular alterations of the genome, transcriptome, and the epigenome. The insights provided by the growing use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in lung cancer will be discussed, and interrelated concepts such as intertumor heterogeneity, intratumor heterogeneity, tumor mutational burden, and the advent of liquid biopsy will be explored. Moreover, this work describes how the evolving field of molecular pathology refines the understanding of different histologic phenotypes of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the underlying biology of small-cell lung cancer. This review will provide an appreciation for how ongoing scientific findings and technologic advances in molecular pathology are crucial for development of biomarkers, therapeutic agents, clinical trials, and ultimately improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Saller
- Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Theresa A Boyle
- Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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21
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Van den Broeck T, Moris L, Gevaert T, Davicioni E, Boeckx B, Lambrechts D, Helsen C, Handle F, Ghesquiere B, Soenen S, Smeets E, Eerlings R, El Kharraz S, Devlies W, Karnes RJ, Lotan T, Van Poppel H, Joniau S, Claessens F. Antizyme Inhibitor 1 regulates matrikine expression and enhances the metastatic potential of aggressive primary prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:527-541. [PMID: 35082164 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular drivers of metastasis in patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa) are poorly understood. Therefore, we aim to study molecular drivers of metastatic progression in high-risk PCa patients. A retrospective matched case-control study of two clinico-pathologically identical groups of high-risk PCa patients was undertaken. One group developed metastatic recurrence (n=19) while the other did not (n=25). The primary index tumor was identified by a uro-pathologist, followed by DNA and RNA extraction for somatic copy number aberration (CNA) analysis and whole-transcriptome gene expression analysis. In vitro and in vivo studies included cell line manipulation and xenograft models. The integrative CNA and gene expression analyses identified an increase in AZIN1 gene expression within a focal amplification of 8q22.3, which was associated with metastatic recurrence of high-risk PCa patients in four independent cohorts. The effects of AZIN1 knockdown were evaluated, due to its therapeutic potential. AZIN1 knockdown effected proliferation and metastatic potential of PCa cells and xenograft models. RNA sequencing after AZIN1 knockdown in PCa cells revealed upregulation of genes coding for collagen subunits. The observed effect on cell migration after AZIN1 knockdown was mimicked when exposing PCa cells to bio-active molecules deriving from COL4A1 and COL4A2. Our integrated CNA and gene expression analysis of primary high-risk PCa identified the AZIN1 gene as a novel driver of metastatic progression, by altering collagen subunit expression. Future research should further investigate its therapeutic potential in preventing metastatic recurrence. Implications: AZIN1 was identified as driver of metastatic progression in high-risk PCa through matrikine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Moris
- cellular and molecular medicine, KU Leuven
| | | | | | - Bram Boeckx
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB); Department of Human Genetics KULeuven, VIB
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology
| | - Christine Helsen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven
| | - Florian Handle
- Dept. of Urology, Division of experimental Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tamara Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven
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22
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The long noncoding RNA H19 regulates tumor plasticity in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7349. [PMID: 34934057 PMCID: PMC8692330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE) prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal subtype of castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) arising either de novo or from transdifferentiated prostate adenocarcinoma following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Extensive computational analysis has identified a high degree of association between the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 and NEPC, with the longest isoform highly expressed in NEPC. H19 regulates PCa lineage plasticity by driving a bidirectional cell identity of NE phenotype (H19 overexpression) or luminal phenotype (H19 knockdown). It contributes to treatment resistance, with the knockdown of H19 re-sensitizing PCa to ADT. It is also essential for the proliferation and invasion of NEPC. H19 levels are negatively regulated by androgen signaling via androgen receptor (AR). When androgen is absent SOX2 levels increase, driving H19 transcription and facilitating transdifferentiation. H19 facilitates the PRC2 complex in regulating methylation changes at H3K27me3/H3K4me3 histone sites of AR-driven and NEPC-related genes. Additionally, this lncRNA induces alterations in genome-wide DNA methylation on CpG sites, further regulating genes associated with the NEPC phenotype. Our clinical data identify H19 as a candidate diagnostic marker and predictive marker of NEPC with elevated H19 levels associated with an increased probability of biochemical recurrence and metastatic disease in patients receiving ADT. Here we report H19 as an early upstream regulator of cell fate, plasticity, and treatment resistance in NEPC that can reverse/transform cells to a treatable form of PCa once therapeutically deactivated. Elevated expression of long noncoding RNA H19 is seen in clinical samples of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (PCa). Here the authors show H19 promotes plasticity from luminal to neuroendocrine by epigenetic reprogramming.
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23
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Asrani K, Torres AFC, Woo J, Vidotto T, Tsai HK, Luo J, Corey E, Hanratty B, Coleman I, Yegnasubramanian S, De Marzo AM, Nelson PS, Haffner MC, Lotan TL. Reciprocal YAP1 loss and INSM1 expression in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. J Pathol 2021; 255:425-437. [PMID: 34431104 PMCID: PMC8599638 DOI: 10.1002/path.5781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a rare but aggressive histologic variant of prostate cancer that responds poorly to androgen deprivation therapy. Hybrid NEPC-adenocarcinoma (AdCa) tumors are common, often eluding accurate pathologic diagnosis and requiring ancillary markers for classification. We recently performed an outlier-based meta-analysis across a number of independent gene expression microarray datasets to identify novel markers that differentiate NEPC from AdCa, including up-regulation of insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) and loss of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). Here, using diverse cancer gene expression datasets, we show that Hippo pathway-related genes, including YAP1, are among the top down-regulated gene sets with expression of the neuroendocrine transcription factors, including INSM1. In prostate cancer cell lines, transgenic mouse models, and human prostate tumor cohorts, we confirm that YAP1 RNA and YAP1 protein expression are silenced in NEPC and demonstrate that the inverse correlation of INSM1 and YAP1 expression helps to distinguish AdCa from NEPC. Mechanistically, we find that YAP1 loss in NEPC may help to maintain INSM1 expression in prostate cancer cell lines and we further demonstrate that YAP1 silencing likely occurs epigenetically, via CpG hypermethylation near its transcriptional start site. Taken together, these data nominate two additional markers to distinguish NEPC from AdCa and add to data from other tumor types suggesting that Hippo signaling is tightly reciprocally regulated with neuroendocrine transcription factor expression. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Asrani
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alba F. C. Torres
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Juhyung Woo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thiago Vidotto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Harrison K. Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Current address: Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Brian Hanratty
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Tamara L. Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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24
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Zhang C, Qian J, Wu Y, Zhu Z, Yu W, Gong Y, Li X, He Z, Zhou L. Identification of Novel Diagnosis Biomarkers for Therapy-Related Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609968. [PMID: 34646089 PMCID: PMC8503838 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Therapy-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) subtype that, at present, lacks well-characterized molecular biomarkers. The clinical diagnosis of this disease is dependent on biopsy and histological assessment: methods that are experience-based and easily misdiagnosed due to tumor heterogeneity. The development of robust diagnostic tools for NEPC may assist clinicians in making medical decisions on the choice of continuing anti-androgen receptor therapy or switching to platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: Gene expression profiles and clinical characteristics data of 208 samples of metastatic CRPC, including castration-resistant prostate adenocarcinoma (CRPC-adeno) and castration-resistant neuroendocrine prostate adenocarcinoma (CRPC-NE), were obtained from the prad_su2c_2019 dataset. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was subsequently used to construct a free-scale gene co-expression network to study the interrelationship between the potential modules and clinical features of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma and to identify hub genes in the modules. Furthermore, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to build a model to predict the clinical characteristics of CRPC-NE. The findings were then verified in the nepc_wcm_2016 dataset. Results: A total of 51 co-expression modules were successfully constructed using WGCNA, of which three co-expression modules were found to be significantly associated with the neuroendocrine features and the NEPC score. In total, four novel genes, including NPTX1, PCSK1, ASXL3, and TRIM9, were all significantly upregulated in NEPC compared with the adenocarcinoma samples, and these genes were all associated with the neuroactive ligand receptor interaction pathway. Next, the expression levels of these four genes were used to construct an NEPC diagnosis model, which was successfully able to distinguish CRPC-NE from CRPC-adeno samples in both the training and the validation cohorts. Moreover, the values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) were 0.995 and 0.833 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Conclusion: The present study identified four specific novel biomarkers for therapy-related NEPC, and these biomarkers may serve as an effective tool for the diagnosis of NEPC, thereby meriting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuijian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital Institute of Urology, National Urological Cancer Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
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25
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Taavitsainen S, Engedal N, Cao S, Handle F, Erickson A, Prekovic S, Wetterskog D, Tolonen T, Vuorinen EM, Kiviaho A, Nätkin R, Häkkinen T, Devlies W, Henttinen S, Kaarijärvi R, Lahnalampi M, Kaljunen H, Nowakowska K, Syvälä H, Bläuer M, Cremaschi P, Claessens F, Visakorpi T, Tammela TLJ, Murtola T, Granberg KJ, Lamb AD, Ketola K, Mills IG, Attard G, Wang W, Nykter M, Urbanucci A. Single-cell ATAC and RNA sequencing reveal pre-existing and persistent cells associated with prostate cancer relapse. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5307. [PMID: 34489465 PMCID: PMC8421417 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is heterogeneous and patients would benefit from methods that stratify those who are likely to respond to systemic therapy. Here, we employ single-cell assays for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC) and RNA sequencing in models of early treatment response and resistance to enzalutamide. In doing so, we identify pre-existing and treatment-persistent cell subpopulations that possess regenerative potential when subjected to treatment. We find distinct chromatin landscapes associated with enzalutamide treatment and resistance that are linked to alternative transcriptional programs. Transcriptional profiles characteristic of persistent cells are able to stratify the treatment response of patients. Ultimately, we show that defining changes in chromatin and gene expression in single-cell populations from pre-clinical models can reveal as yet unrecognized molecular predictors of treatment response. This suggests that the application of single-cell methods with high analytical resolution in pre-clinical models may powerfully inform clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Taavitsainen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - N Engedal
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Cao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Handle
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Urology, Division of Experimental Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Erickson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Prekovic
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Wetterskog
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - T Tolonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - E M Vuorinen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Kiviaho
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - R Nätkin
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Häkkinen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - W Devlies
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Urology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Henttinen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - R Kaarijärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Lahnalampi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H Kaljunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Nowakowska
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - H Syvälä
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Bläuer
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - P Cremaschi
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - F Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Visakorpi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - T L J Tammela
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Murtola
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - K J Granberg
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - A D Lamb
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital Cancer Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - K Ketola
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - I G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - G Attard
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - W Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland.
| | - A Urbanucci
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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26
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Berchuck JE, Viscuse PV, Beltran H, Aparicio A. Clinical considerations for the management of androgen indifferent prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:623-637. [PMID: 33568748 PMCID: PMC8353003 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many systemic therapies for advanced prostate cancer work by disrupting androgen receptor signaling. Androgen indifferent prostate cancer (AIPC) variants, including aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC), neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), and double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC), are increasingly common and often overlapping resistance phenotypes following treatment with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and are associated with poor outcomes. Understanding the underlying biology and identifying effective therapies for AIPC is paramount for improving survival for men with prostate cancer. METHODS In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on AIPC variants, including our current understanding of the clinical, morphologic, and molecular features as well as current therapeutic approaches. We also explore emerging therapies and biomarkers aimed at improving outcomes for men with AIPC. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Establishing consensus definitions, developing novel biomarkers for early and accurate detection, further characterization of molecular drivers of each phenotype, and developing effective therapies will be critical to improving outcomes for men with AIPC. Significant progress has been made toward defining the clinical and molecular characteristics of AVPC, NEPC, and DNPC. Novel diagnostic approaches, including cell-free DNA, circulating tumor cells, and molecular imaging are promising tools for detecting AIPC in clinical practice. Building on previous treatment advances, several clinical trials are underway evaluating novel therapeutic approaches in patients with AIPC informed by an understanding of variant-specific biology. In this review, we discuss how these recent and ongoing studies will help to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for men with AIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Berchuck
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul V Viscuse
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ana Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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27
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HOXB5 Overexpression Is Associated with Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080893. [PMID: 34440097 PMCID: PMC8389587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes function as master regulatory transcription factors during embryogenesis. HOXB5 is known to play an important role in several cancers. However, the biological role of HOXB5 in prostate cancer (PCa) is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to analyze the expression and function of HOXB5 and involvement of HOXB5 in neuroendocrine differentiation in PCa. Immunohistochemistry showed that 56 (43.8%) of 128 cases of localized PCa were positive for HOXB5. HOXB5-positive cases were associated with poor prostate-specific antigen recurrence-free survival after prostatectomy. Among 74 cases of metastatic PCa, 43 (58.1%) were positive for HOXB5. HOXB5 expression was higher in metastatic PCa than that in localized PCa. HOXB5 knockdown suppressed cell growth and invasion, but HOXB5 overexpression increased cell growth and invasion in PCa cell lines. Furthermore, HOXB5 regulated RET expression. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that Nelson androgen response gene set was enriched in low HOXB5 expression group. RB1 knockout increased HOXB5 expression. Of note, additional p53 knockdown further increased HOXB5 expression in RB1 knockout cells. In silico analysis showed that HOXB5 expression was increased in neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC). These results suggest that HOXB5 may be a promising prognostic marker after prostatectomy and is involved in progression to NEPC.
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28
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Labrecque MP, Alumkal JJ, Coleman IM, Nelson PS, Morrissey C. The heterogeneity of prostate cancers lacking AR activity will require diverse treatment approaches. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:T51-T66. [PMID: 33792558 PMCID: PMC8292199 DOI: 10.1530/erc-21-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of androgen deprivation therapy and second-line anti-androgens in prostate cancer has led to the emergence of tumors employing multiple androgen receptor (AR)-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms to resist AR-targeted therapies in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). While the AR signaling axis remains the cornerstone for therapeutic development in CRPC, a clearer understanding of the heterogeneous biology of CRPC tumors is needed for innovative treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of CRPC tumors that lack AR activity and the temporal and spatial considerations for the conversion of an AR-dependent to an AR-independent tumor type. We describe the more prevalent treatment-emergent phenotypes arising in the CRPC disease continuum, including amphicrine, AR-low, double-negative, neuroendocrine and small cell phenotypes. We discuss the association between the loss of AR activity and tumor plasticity with a focus on the roles of transcription factors like SOX2, DNA methylation, alternative splicing, and the activity of epigenetic modifiers like EZH2, BRD4, LSD1, and the nBAF complex in conversion to a neuroendocrine or small cell phenotype in CRPC. We hypothesize that only a subset of CRPC tumors have the propensity for tumor plasticity and conversion to the neuroendocrine phenotype and outline how we might target these plastic and emergent phenotypes in CRPC. In conclusion, we assess the current and future avenues for treatment and determine that the heterogeneity of CRPCs lacking AR activity will require diverse treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Labrecque
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of
Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joshi J. Alumkal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Ilsa M. Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research
Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research
Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of
Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of
Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Corresponding author Telephone: 206-543-1461, Fax:
206-543-1146,
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29
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Babasaki T, Sentani K, Sekino Y, Kobayashi G, Thang Pham Q, Katsuya N, Akabane S, Taniyama D, Hayashi T, Shiota M, Oue N, Teishima J, Matsubara A, Yasui W. Overexpression of claspin promotes docetaxel resistance and is associated with prostate-specific antigen recurrence in prostate cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5574-5588. [PMID: 34240817 PMCID: PMC8366092 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although docetaxel (DTX) confers significant survival benefits in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), resistance to DTX inevitably occurs. Therefore, clarifying the mechanisms of DTX resistance may improve survival in patients with CRPC. Claspin plays a pivotal role in DNA replication stress and damage responses and is an essential regulator for the S‐phase checkpoint. CLSPN is an oncogenic gene that contributes to tumor proliferation in several human solid tumors. However, the clinical significance of claspin in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been examined. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of claspin and its relationship with DTX resistance in PCa. We immunohistochemically analyzed the expression of claspin in 89 PCa cases, of which 31 (35%) were positive for claspin. Claspin‐positive cases were associated with higher Gleason score, venous invasion, and perineural invasion. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that high claspin expression was related to poor prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) relapse‐free prognosis. In a public database, high CLSPN expression was associated with poor PSA relapse‐free prognosis, Gleason score, T stage, lymph node metastasis, CRPC, and metastatic PCa. Claspin knockdown by siRNA decreased cell proliferation, upregulated DTX sensitivity, and suppressed the expression of Akt, Erk1/2, and CHK1 phosphorylation in DU145 and PC3 cell lines. Furthermore, claspin expression was much more upregulated in DTX‐resistant DU145 (DU145‐DR) than in parental DU145 cells. Claspin knockdown significantly upregulated the sensitivity to DTX in DU145‐DR cells. These results suggest that claspin plays an important role in PCa tumor progression and DTX resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Babasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Sekino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Go Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kure Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Quoc Thang Pham
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Narutaka Katsuya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Akabane
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Taniyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Huang H, Fu J, Zhang L, Xu J, Li D, Onwuka JU, Zhang D, Zhao L, Sun S, Zhu L, Zheng T, Jia C, Cui B, Zhao Y. Integrative Analysis of Identifying Methylation-Driven Genes Signature Predicts Prognosis in Colorectal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:629860. [PMID: 34178621 PMCID: PMC8231008 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.629860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant DNA methylation is a critical regulator of gene expression and plays a crucial role in the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to identify methylation-driven genes by integrative epigenetic and transcriptomic analysis to predict the prognosis of CRC patients. Methods Methylation-driven genes were selected for CRC using a MethylMix algorithm and LASSO regression screening strategy, and were further used to construct a prognostic risk-assessment model. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was obtained as the training set for both the screening of methylation-driven genes and the effect of genes signature on CRC prognosis. Then, the prognostic genes signature was validated in three independent expression arrays of CRC data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Results We identified 143 methylation-driven genes, of which the combination of BATF, PHYHIPL, RBP1, and PNPLA4 expression levels was screened as a better prognostic model with the best area under the curve (AUC) (AUC = 0.876). Compared with patients in the low-risk group, CRC patients in the high-risk group had significantly poorer overall survival in the training set (HR = 2.184, 95% CI: 1.404–3.396, P < 0.001). Similar results were observed in the validation set. Moreover, VanderWeele’s mediation analysis indicated that the effect of methylation on prognosis was mediated by the levels of their expression (HRindirect = 1.473, P = 0.001, Proportion mediated, 69.10%). Conclusions We identified a four-gene prognostic signature by integrative analysis and developed a risk-assessment model that is significantly associated with patients’ survival. Methylation-driven genes might be a potential prognostic signature for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinming Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Justina Ucheojor Onwuka
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Simin Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenyang Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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31
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Novel immune engagers and cellular therapies for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: do we take a BiTe or ride BiKEs, TriKEs, and CARs? Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:986-996. [PMID: 34035459 PMCID: PMC8613314 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint inhibitors and currently approved cellular products for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have not resulted in revolutionary changes in outcomes compared to other solid tumors. Much of this lack of progress is attributed to the unique tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer that is often immunologically cold and immunosuppressive. These unique conditions emphasize the need for novel therapeutic options. In this review, we will discuss progress made in design of T- and NK cell immune engagers in addition to chimeric antigen receptor products specifically designed for prostate cancer that are currently under investigation in clinical trials. METHODS We searched peer-reviewed literature on the PubMed and the ClinicalTrials.gov databases for active clinical trials using the terms "bispecific T-cell engager," "bispecific killer engager," "trispecific killer engager," "chimeric antigen receptor," "metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer," and "neuroendocrine prostate cancer." RESULTS Ten bispecific T-cell engager studies and nine chimeric antigen receptor-based products were found. Published data were compiled and presented based on therapeutic class. CONCLUSIONS Multiple immune engagers and cell therapies are in the development pipeline and demonstrate promise to address barriers to better outcomes for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.
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32
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Sekino Y, Han X, Babasaki T, Miyamoto S, Kobatake K, Kitano H, Ikeda K, Goto K, Inoue S, Hayashi T, Teishima J, Shiota M, Takeshima Y, Yasui W, Matsubara A. TUBB3 is associated with PTEN, neuroendocrine differentiation, and castration resistance in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:368.e1-368.e9. [PMID: 33771409 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulin-β3 encoded by the Tubulin-β3 (TUBB3) gene is a microtubule protein. Previous studies have shown that TUBB3 expression is upregulated in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CaP) and is involved in taxane resistance. However, the biological mechanism of TUBB3 involvement in the progression to castration-resistant CaP is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to analyze the expression and function of TUBB3 in localized and metastatic CaP. METHODS TUBB3 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry in localized and metastatic CaP. We also investigated the association between TUBB3, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and neuroendocrine differentiation and examined the involvement of TUBB3 in new antiandrogen drugs (enzalutamide and apalutamide) resistance in metastatic CaP. RESULTS In 155 cases of localized CaP, immunohistochemistry showed that 5 (3.2%) of the CaP cases were positive for tubulin-β3. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high expression of tubulin-β3 was associated with poor prostate-specific antigen recurrence-free survival after radical prostatectomy. In 57 cases of metastatic CaP, immunohistochemistry showed that 14 (25%) cases were positive for tubulin-β3. Tubulin-β3 expression was higher in metastatic CaP than in localized CaP. High tubulin-β3 expression was correlated with negative PTEN expression. TUBB3 expression was increased in neuroendocrine CaP based on several public databases. PTEN knockout decreased the sensitivity to enzalutamide and apalutamide in 22Rv-1 cells. TUBB3 knockdown reversed the sensitivity to enzalutamide and apalutamide in PTEN-CRISPR 22Rv-1 cells. High expression of tubulin-β3 and negative expression of PTEN were significantly associated with poor overall survival in metastatic CaP treated with androgen deprivation therapy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TUBB3 may be a useful predictive biomarker for survival and play an essential role in antiandrogen resistance in CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sekino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Xiangrui Han
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Babasaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyamoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Kobatake
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ikeda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Inoue
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukio Takeshima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Urology, Hiroshima General Hospital, Hatsukaichi, Japan
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Fernandes RC, Toubia J, Townley S, Hanson AR, Dredge BK, Pillman KA, Bert AG, Winter JM, Iggo R, Das R, Obinata D, Sandhu S, Risbridger GP, Taylor RA, Lawrence MG, Butler LM, Zoubeidi A, Gregory PA, Tilley WD, Hickey TE, Goodall GJ, Selth LA. Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation by MicroRNA-194 Promotes Neuroendocrine Transdifferentiation in Prostate Cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108585. [PMID: 33406413 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Potent therapeutic inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate adenocarcinoma can lead to the emergence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a phenomenon associated with enhanced cell plasticity. Here, we show that microRNA-194 (miR-194) is a regulator of epithelial-neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. In clinical prostate cancer samples, miR-194 expression and activity were elevated in NEPC and inversely correlated with AR signaling. miR-194 facilitated the emergence of neuroendocrine features in prostate cancer cells, a process mediated by its ability to directly target a suite of genes involved in cell plasticity. One such target was FOXA1, which encodes a transcription factor with a vital role in maintaining the prostate epithelial lineage. Importantly, a miR-194 inhibitor blocked epithelial-neuroendocrine transdifferentiation and inhibited the growth of cell lines and patient-derived organoids possessing neuroendocrine features. Overall, our study reveals a post-transcriptional mechanism regulating the plasticity of prostate cancer cells and provides a rationale for targeting miR-194 in NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayzel C Fernandes
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - John Toubia
- ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Scott Townley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Adrienne R Hanson
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - B Kate Dredge
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Katherine A Pillman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew G Bert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jean M Winter
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Richard Iggo
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Institut Bergonié Unicancer, INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rajdeep Das
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daisuke Obinata
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | -
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mitchell G Lawrence
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Theresa E Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gregory J Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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Hahn O, Heining FM, Janzen J, Becker JCR, Bertlich M, Thelen P, Mansour JJ, Duensing S, Pahernik S, Trojan L, Popeneciu IV. Modulating the Heat Sensitivity of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro: A New Impact for Focal Therapies. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E585. [PMID: 33316876 PMCID: PMC7763367 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal therapies such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HiFU) are an emerging therapeutic option for prostate cancer (PCA). Thermal or mechanical effects mediate most therapies. Moreover, locally administered drugs such as bicalutamide or docetaxel are new focal therapeutic options. We assessed the impact of such focal medical treatments on cell viability and heat sensitivity by pre-treating PCA cell lines and then gradually exposing them to heat. The individual heat response of the cell lines tested differed largely. Vertebral-Cancer of the Prostate (VCaP) cells showed an increase in metabolic activity at 40-50 °C. Androgen receptor (AR)-negative PC3 cells showed an increase at 51.3 °C and were overall more resistant to higher temperatures. Pre-treatment of VCaP cells with testosterone (VCaPrev) leads to a more PC3-like kinetic of the heat response. Pre-treatment with finasteride and bicalutamide did not cause changes in heat sensitivity in any cell line. Mitoxantrone treatment, however, shifted heat-induced proliferation loss to lower temperature in VCaP cells. Further analysis via RNAseq identified a possible correlation of heat resistance with H3K27me3-dependent gene regulation, which could be related to an increase in the histone methyltransferase EZH2 and a possible neuroendocrine differentiation. Pre-treatment with mitoxantrone might be a perspective for HiFU treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate possible combinations with Hsp90 or EZH2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hahn
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Franziska M. Heining
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Jörn Janzen
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Johanna C. R. Becker
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Marina Bertlich
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Paul Thelen
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Josef J. Mansour
- Department of Urology, Heidelberg School of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.J.M.); (S.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Department of Urology, Heidelberg School of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.J.M.); (S.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Sascha Pahernik
- Department of Urology, Heidelberg School of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.J.M.); (S.D.); (S.P.)
- Department of Urology, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Trojan
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Ionel V. Popeneciu
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
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Williams SG, Aw Yeang HX, Mitchell C, Caramia F, Byrne DJ, Fox SB, Haupt S, Schittenhelm RB, Neeson PJ, Haupt Y, Keam SP. Immune molecular profiling of a multiresistant primary prostate cancer with a neuroendocrine-like phenotype: a case report. BMC Urol 2020; 20:171. [PMID: 33115461 PMCID: PMC7592533 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the drivers of recurrence in aggressive prostate cancer requires detailed molecular and genomic understanding in order to aid therapeutic interventions.
We provide here a case report of histological, transcriptional, proteomic, immunological, and genomic features in a longitudinal study of multiple biopsies from diagnosis, through treatment, and subsequent recurrence.
Case presentation Here we present a case study of a male in 70 s with high-grade clinically-localised acinar adenocarcinoma treated with definitive hormone therapy and radiotherapy. The patient progressed rapidly with rising PSA and succumbed without metastasis 52 months after diagnosis.
We identified the expression of canonical histological markers of neuroendocrine PC (NEPC) including synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase and thyroid transcription factor 1, as well as intact AR expression, in the recurrent disease only.
The resistant disease was also marked by an extremely low immune infiltrate, extensive genomic chromosomal aberrations, and overactivity in molecular hallmarks of NEPC disease including Aurora kinase and E2F, as well as novel alterations in the cMYB pathway. We also observed that responses to both primary treatments (high dose-rate brachytherapy and androgen deprivation therapies) were consistent with known optimal responses—ruling out treatment inefficacy as a factor in relapse.
Conclusions These data provide novel insights into a case of locally recurrent aggressive prostate cancer harbouring NEPC pathology, in the absence of detected metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott G Williams
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Han Xian Aw Yeang
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine Mitchell
- Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Franco Caramia
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J Byrne
- Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul J Neeson
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon P Keam
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. .,Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Hormones Secretion and Rho GTPases in Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071859. [PMID: 32664294 PMCID: PMC7408961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) belong to a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from hormone secreting cells. These tumors are often associated with a dysfunction of their secretory activity. Neuroendocrine secretion occurs through calcium-regulated exocytosis, a process that is tightly controlled by Rho GTPases family members. In this review, we compiled the numerous mutations and modification of expression levels of Rho GTPases or their regulators (Rho guanine nucleotide-exchange factors and Rho GTPase-activating proteins) that have been identified in NETs. We discussed how they might regulate neuroendocrine secretion.
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Activation of Mitochondrial 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase by Cocarboxylase in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells A549 Is p53/p21-Dependent and Impairs Cellular Redox State, Mimicking the Cisplatin Action. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113759. [PMID: 32466567 PMCID: PMC7312097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic up-regulation of mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase is known to increase reactive oxygen species, being detrimental for cancer cells. Thiamine diphosphate (ThDP, cocarboxylase) is an essential activator of the enzyme and inhibits p53–DNA binding in cancer cells. We hypothesize that the pleiotropic regulator ThDP may be of importance for anticancer therapies. The hypothesis is tested in the present work on lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 possessing the p53–p21 pathway as fully functional or perturbed by p21 knockdown. Molecular mechanisms of ThDP action on cellular viability and their interplay with the cisplatin and p53–p21 pathways are characterized. Despite the well-known antioxidant properties of thiamine, A549 cells exhibit decreases in their reducing power and glutathione level after incubation with 5 mM ThDP, not observed in non-cancer epithelial cells Vero. Moreover, thiamine deficiency elevates glutathione in A549 cells. Viability of the thiamine deficient A549 cells is increased at a low (0.05 mM) ThDP. However, the increase is attenuated by 5 mM ThDP, p21 knockdown, specific inhibitor of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), or cisplatin. Cellular levels of the catalytically competent ThDP·OGDHC holoenzyme are dysregulated by p21 knockdown and correlate negatively with the A549 viability. The inverse relationship between cellular glutathione and holo-OGDHC is corroborated by their comparison in the A549 and Vero cells. The similarity, non-additivity, and p21 dependence of the dual actions of ThDP and cisplatin on A549 cells manifest a common OGDHC-mediated mechanism of the viability decrease. High ThDP saturation of OGDHC compromises the redox state of A549 cells under the control of p53–p21 axes.
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Telomere lengths differ significantly between small-cell neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Hum Pathol 2020; 101:70-79. [PMID: 32389660 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) of the prostate is an aggressive subtype with frequent TP53 mutation and RB1 inactivation; however, the molecular phenotype remains an area of investigation. Here, we compared telomere lengths in prostatic SCNC and usual-type prostatic adenocarcinoma (AdCa). We studied 32 cases of prostatic SCNC (including 11 cases with concurrent AdCa) and 347 cases of usual-type AdCa on tissue microarrays. Telomere lengths in tumor cells were qualitatively compared with those in normal cells using a telomere-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. ERG, PTEN, and TP53 status were assessed in a proportion of cases using genetically validated immunohistochemistry protocols. Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of cases were compared between the telomere groups using the chi-square test.A significantly higher proportion of prostatic SCNC cases (50%, 16/32) showed normal/long telomeres compared with AdCa cases (11%, 39/347; P < 0.0001). In 82% (9/11) of cases with concurrent SCNC and AdCa, the paired components were concordant for telomere length status. Among AdCa cases, the proportion of cases with normal/long telomeres significantly increased with increasing tumor grade group (P = 0.01) and pathologic stage (P = 0.02). Cases with normal/long telomeres were more likely to be ERG positive (P = 0.04) and to have TP53 missense mutation (P = 0.01) than cases with short telomeres.Normal or long telomere lengths are significantly more common in prostatic SCNC than in AdCa and are similar between concurrent SCNC and AdCa tumors, supporting a common origin. Among AdCa cases, longer telomere lengths are significantly associated with high-risk pathologic and molecular features.
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Therapeutic potential of ReACp53 targeting mutant p53 protein in CRPC. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:160-171. [PMID: 31471556 PMCID: PMC7031025 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-019-0172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS p53 is a tumor suppressor that prevents cancer onset and progression, and mutations in the p53 gene cause loss of the tumor suppressor function of the protein. The mutant p53 protein in tumor cells can form aggregates which contribute to the dominant-negative effect over the wild-type p53 protein, causing loss of p53 tumor suppression or gain of novel oncogenic functions. Mutations in p53 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of primary prostate cancer (PCa), and are often detected in recurrent and metastatic disease. Thus, targeting mutant p53 may constitute an alternative therapeutic strategy for advanced PCa for which there are no other viable options. METHODS In this study, we used immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, clonogenic survival, and cell proliferation assays, flow cytometric analysis and in vivo xenograft to investigate the biological effects of ReACp53, a cell-permeable peptide inhibitor of p53 aggregation, on mutant p53-carrying PCa cells. RESULTS Our results show that ReACp53 targets amyloid aggregates of mutant p53 protein and restores the p53 nuclear function as transcriptional factor, induces mitochondrial cell death and reduces DNA synthesis of mutant p53-carrying PCa cells; ReACp53 also inhibits xenograft tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here suggest a therapeutic potential of targeting mutant p53 protein in advanced PCa setting, which has a clinical impact for aggressive PCa with transforming how such tumors are managed.
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Ostano P, Mello-Grand M, Sesia D, Gregnanin I, Peraldo-Neia C, Guana F, Jachetti E, Farsetti A, Chiorino G. Gene Expression Signature Predictive of Neuroendocrine Transformation in Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031078. [PMID: 32041153 PMCID: PMC7037893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) can arise de novo, but much more commonly occurs as a consequence of a selective pressure from androgen deprivation therapy or androgen receptor antagonists used for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. The process is known as neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. There is little molecular characterization of NEPCs and consequently there is no standard treatment for this kind of tumors, characterized by highly metastases rates and poor survival. For this purpose, we profiled 54 PCa samples with more than 10-years follow-up for gene and miRNA expression. We divided samples into two groups (NE-like vs. AdenoPCa), according to their clinical and molecular features. NE-like tumors were characterized by a neuroendocrine fingerprint made of known neuroendocrine markers and novel molecules, including long non-coding RNAs and components of the estrogen receptor signaling. A gene expression signature able to predict NEPC was built and tested on independently published datasets. This study identified molecular features (protein-coding, long non-coding, and microRNAs), at the time of surgery, that may anticipate the NE transformation process of prostate adenocarcinoma. Our results may contribute to improving the diagnosis and treatment of this subgroup of tumors for which traditional therapy regimens do not show beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ostano
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
| | - Maurizia Mello-Grand
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
| | - Debora Sesia
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
| | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
| | - Caterina Peraldo-Neia
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesca Guana
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Department of Research, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- National Research Council - Institute of Analysis, Systems and Computer Science –CNR-IASI, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Jaiswal PK, Mohajan S, Koul S, Wang F, Shi R, Koul HK. Prostate-Derived ETS Factor (PDEF) Modulates Yes Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) in Prostate Cancer Cells: A Potential Cross-Talk between PDEF and Hippo Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040181. [PMID: 31835563 PMCID: PMC6958407 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PDEF (prostate-derived ETS factor, also known as SAM-pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF)) is expressed in luminal epithelial cells of the prostate gland and associates with luminal phenotype. The Hippo pathway regulates cell growth/proliferation, cellular homeostasis, and organ development by modulating phosphorylation of its downstream effectors. In previous studies, we observed decreased levels of PDEF during prostate cancer progression. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the expression of PDEF on total/phosphoprotein levels of YAP1 (a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway). We observed that the PC3 and DU145 cells transfected with PDEF (PDEF-PC3 and PDEF-DU145) showed an increased phospho-YAP1 (Ser127) and total YAP1 levels as compared to the respective PC3 vector control (VC-PC3) and DU145 vector control cells (VC-DU145). We also observed an increased cytoplasmic YAP1 levels in PDEF-PC3 cells as compared to VC-PC3 cells. Moreover, our gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of mRNA expression in PDEF-PC3 and VC-PC3 cells revealed that PDEF resulted in inhibition of YAP1 target genes, directly demonstrating that PDEF plays a critical role in modulating YAP1 activity, and by extension in the regulation of the Hippo pathway. We also observed a decrease in YAP1 mRNA levels in prostate cancer tissues as compared to normal prostate tissues. Our analysis of multiple publicly available clinical cohorts revealed a gradual decrease in YAP1 mRNA expression during prostate cancer progression and metastasis. This decrease was similar to the decrease in PDEF levels, which we had reported earlier, and we observed a direct correlation between PDEF and YAP1 expression in CRPC data set. To the best of our knowledge, these results provide the first demonstration of inhibiting YAP1 activity by PDEF in any system and suggest a cross-talk between PDEF and the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (P.K.J.); (S.M.); (F.W.)
- Feist Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
| | - Suman Mohajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (P.K.J.); (S.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Sweaty Koul
- Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
- Feist Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
| | - Fengtian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (P.K.J.); (S.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Runhua Shi
- Feist Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
| | - Hari K. Koul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (P.K.J.); (S.M.); (F.W.)
- Feist Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Bakht MK, Lovnicki JM, Tubman J, Stringer KF, Chiaramonte J, Reynolds MR, Derecichei I, Ferraiuolo RM, Fifield BA, Lubanska D, Oh SW, Cheon GJ, Kwak C, Jeong CW, Kang KW, Trant JF, Morrissey C, Coleman IM, Wang Y, Ahmadzadehfar H, Dong X, Porter LA. Differential Expression of Glucose Transporters and Hexokinases in Prostate Cancer with a Neuroendocrine Gene Signature: A Mechanistic Perspective for 18F-FDG Imaging of PSMA-Suppressed Tumors. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:904-910. [PMID: 31806771 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.231068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence of de novo neuroendocrine prostate cancer (PC) is rare, recent data suggest that low expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is associated with a spectrum of neuroendocrine hallmarks and androgen receptor (AR) suppression in PC. Previous clinical reports indicate that PCs with a phenotype similar to neuroendocrine tumors can be more amenable to imaging by 18F-FDG than by PSMA-targeting radioligands. In this study, we evaluated the association between neuroendocrine gene signature and 18F-FDG uptake-associated genes including glucose transporters (GLUTs) and hexokinases, with the goal of providing a genomic signature to explain the reported 18F-FDG avidity of PSMA-suppressed tumors. Methods: Data-mining approaches, cell lines, and patient-derived xenograft models were used to study the levels of 14 members of the SLC2A family (encoding GLUT proteins), 4 members of the hexokinase family (genes HK1-HK3 and GCK), and PSMA (FOLH1 gene) after AR inhibition and in correlation with neuroendocrine hallmarks. Also, we characterize a neuroendocrine-like PC (NELPC) subset among a cohort of primary and metastatic PC samples with no neuroendocrine histopathology. We measured glucose uptake in a neuroendocrine-induced in vitro model and a zebrafish model by nonradioactive imaging of glucose uptake using a fluorescent glucose bioprobe, GB2-Cy3. Results: This work demonstrated that a neuroendocrine gene signature associates with differential expression of genes encoding GLUT and hexokinase proteins. In NELPC, elevated expression of GCK (encoding glucokinase protein) and decreased expression of SLC2A12 correlated with earlier biochemical recurrence. In tumors treated with AR inhibitors, high expression of GCK and low expression of SLC2A12 correlated with neuroendocrine histopathology and PSMA gene suppression. GLUT12 suppression and upregulation of glucokinase were observed in neuroendocrine-induced PC cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models. A higher glucose uptake was confirmed in low-PSMA tumors using a GB2-Cy3 probe in a zebrafish model. Conclusion: A neuroendocrine gene signature in neuroendocrine PC and NELPC associates with a distinct transcriptional profile of GLUTs and hexokinases. PSMA suppression correlates with GLUT12 suppression and glucokinase upregulation. Alteration of 18F-FDG uptake-associated genes correlated positively with higher glucose uptake in AR- and PSMA-suppressed tumors. Zebrafish xenograft tumor models are an accurate and efficient preclinical method for monitoring nonradioactive glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Bakht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jessica M Lovnicki
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janice Tubman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith F Stringer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jonathan Chiaramonte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iulian Derecichei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bre-Anne Fifield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorota Lubanska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - So Won Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea .,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - John F Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ilsa M Coleman
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa A Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Muralidhar V, Zhang J, Wang Q, Mahal BA, Butler SS, Spratt DE, Davicioni E, Sartor O, Feng FY, Mouw KW, Nguyen PL. Genomic Validation of 3-Tiered Clinical Subclassification of High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 105:621-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Spratt DE, Alshalalfa M, Fishbane N, Weiner AB, Mehra R, Mahal BA, Lehrer J, Liu Y, Zhao SG, Speers C, Morgan TM, Dicker AP, Freedland SJ, Karnes RJ, Weinmann S, Davicioni E, Ross AE, Den RB, Nguyen PL, Feng FY, Lotan TL, Chinnaiyan AM, Schaeffer EM. Transcriptomic Heterogeneity of Androgen Receptor Activity Defines a de novo low AR-Active Subclass in Treatment Naïve Primary Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6721-6730. [PMID: 31515456 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The heterogeneity of androgen receptor (AR)-activity (AR-A) is well-characterized in heavily treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, the diversity and clinical implications of AR-A in treatment-naïve primary prostate cancer is largely unknown. We sought to characterize AR-A in localized prostate cancer and understand its molecular and clinical implications. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Genome-wide expression profiles from prostatectomy or biopsy samples from 19,470 patients were used, all with independent pathology review. This was comprised of prospective discovery (n = 5,239) and validation (n = 12,728) cohorts, six retrospective institutional cohorts with long-term clinical outcomes data (n = 1,170), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 333). RESULTS A low AR-active subclass was identified, which comprised 9%-11% of each cohort, and was characterized by increased immune signaling, neuroendocrine expression, and decreased DNA repair. These tumors were predominantly ERG and basal subtype. Low AR-active tumors had significantly more rapid development of recurrence or metastatic disease across cohorts, which was maintained on multivariable analysis [HR, 2.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22-5.60; P = 0.014]. Low AR-active tumors were predicted to be more sensitive to PARP inhibition, platinum chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, and less sensitive to docetaxel and androgen-deprivation therapy. This was validated clinically, in that low AR-active tumors were less sensitive to androgen-deprivation therapy (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21-0.80; P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Leveraging large-scale transcriptomic data allowed the identification of an aggressive subtype of treatment-naïve primary prostate cancer that harbors molecular features more analogous to mCRPC. This suggests that a preexisting subgroup of patients may have tumors that are predisposed to fail multiple current standard-of-care therapies and warrant dedicated therapeutic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Mohammed Alshalalfa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Adam B Weiner
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brandon A Mahal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Decipher Biosciences, San Diego, California
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Corey Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Adam P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Sheila Weinmann
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul L Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois.
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Braadland PR, Ramberg H, Grytli HH, Urbanucci A, Nielsen HK, Guldvik IJ, Engedal A, Ketola K, Wang W, Svindland A, Mills IG, Bjartell A, Taskén KA. The β 2-Adrenergic Receptor Is a Molecular Switch for Neuroendocrine Transdifferentiation of Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2154-2168. [PMID: 31395667 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC) is rising as more potent drugs targeting the androgen signaling axis are clinically implemented. Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NEtD), an putative initial step in t-NEPC development, is induced by androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) or anti-androgens, and by activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) in prostate cancer cell lines. Thus, understanding whether ADRB2 is involved in ADT-initiated NEtD may assist in developing treatment strategies that can prevent or reverse t-NEPC emergence, thereby prolonging therapeutic responses. Here we found that in primary, treatment-naïve prostate cancers, ADRB2 mRNA was positively correlated with expression of luminal differentiation markers, and ADRB2 protein levels were inversely correlated with Gleason grade. ADRB2 mRNA was upregulated in metastatic prostate cancer, and progressively downregulated during ADT and t-NEPC emergence. In androgen-deprivated medium, high ADRB2 was required for LNCaP cells to undergo NEtD, measured as increased neurite outgrowth and expression of neuron differentiation and neuroendocrine genes. ADRB2 overexpression induced a neuroendocrine-like morphology in both androgen receptor (AR)-positive and -negative prostate cancer cell lines. ADRB2 downregulation in LNCaP cells increased canonical Wnt signaling, and GSK3α/β inhibition reduced the expression of neuron differentiation and neuroendocrine genes. In LNCaP xenografts, more pronounced castration-induced NEtD was observed in tumors derived from high than low ADRB2 cells. In conclusion, high ADRB2 expression is required for ADT-induced NEtD, characterized by ADRB2 downregulation and t-NEPC emergence. IMPLICATIONS: This data suggest a potential application of β-blockers to prevent cancer cells committed to a neuroendocrine lineage from evolving into t-NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder R Braadland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Ramberg
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helene Hartvedt Grytli
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alfonso Urbanucci
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Core Facilities, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Kristin Nielsen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Jenny Guldvik
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Engedal
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsi Ketola
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Wanzhong Wang
- Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aud Svindland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ian G Mills
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmø, Sweden
| | - Kristin Austlid Taskén
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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46
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Labrecque MP, Coleman IM, Brown LG, True LD, Kollath L, Lakely B, Nguyen HM, Yang YC, da Costa RMG, Kaipainen A, Coleman R, Higano CS, Yu EY, Cheng HH, Mostaghel EA, Montgomery B, Schweizer MT, Hsieh AC, Lin DW, Corey E, Nelson PS, Morrissey C. Molecular profiling stratifies diverse phenotypes of treatment-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4492-4505. [PMID: 31361600 DOI: 10.1172/jci128212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a heterogeneous disease with diverse drivers of disease progression and mechanisms of therapeutic resistance. We conducted deep phenotypic characterization of CRPC metastases and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lines using whole genome RNA sequencing, gene set enrichment analysis and immunohistochemistry. Our analyses revealed five mCRPC phenotypes based on the expression of well-characterized androgen receptor (AR) or neuroendocrine (NE) genes: (i) AR-high tumors (ARPC), (ii) AR-low tumors (ARLPC), (iii) amphicrine tumors composed of cells co-expressing AR and NE genes (AMPC), (iv) double-negative tumors (i.e. AR-/NE-; DNPC) and (v) tumors with small cell or NE gene expression without AR activity (SCNPC). RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) activity, which suppresses NE gene expression, was lost in AMPC and SCNPC PDX models. However, knockdown of REST in cell lines revealed that attenuated REST activity drives the AMPC phenotype but is not sufficient for SCNPC conversion. We also identified a subtype of DNPC tumors with squamous differentiation and generated an encompassing 26-gene transcriptional signature that distinguished the five mCRPC phenotypes. Together, our data highlight the central role of AR and REST in classifying treatment-resistant mCRPC phenotypes. These molecular classifications could potentially guide future therapeutic studies and clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Labrecque
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ilsa M Coleman
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lisha G Brown
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Lori Kollath
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bryce Lakely
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Holly M Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yu C Yang
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Arja Kaipainen
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Roger Coleman
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Celestia S Higano
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evan Y Yu
- Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Heather H Cheng
- Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bruce Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael T Schweizer
- Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel W Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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47
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Alshalalfa M, Nguyen PL, Beltran H, Chen WS, Davicioni E, Zhao SG, Rebbeck TR, Schaeffer EM, Lotan TL, Feng FY, Mahal BA. Transcriptomic and Clinical Characterization of Neuropeptide Y Expression in Localized and Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Identification of Novel Prostate Cancer Subtype with Clinical Implications. Eur Urol Oncol 2019; 2:405-412. [PMID: 31164324 PMCID: PMC7597937 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor microenvironment and its interaction with neuroendocrine modulators contribute to prostate carcinogenesis and progression. OBJECTIVE We sought to define the transcriptomic and clinical implications of neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in prostate cancer progression. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Genome-wide expression profiling of three localized prostate cancer (total n=18818) and five metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC; total n=495) cohorts was used to characterize NPY expression. All men underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Patients were grouped into those with low NPY and high NPY based on NPY expression. Associations between these groups and histological, genomic, and clinical outcomes including progression-free survival (PFS) and metastases-free survival (MFS) were examined. Combining ERG-fusion status with NPY expression, four groups were defined (lowNPY/ERG+, lowNPY/ERG-, highNPY/ERG+, and highNPY/ERG-). Cox proportional hazards modeled the time to distant metastasis after RP. Genomic risk scores for metastasis were calculated for prospective samples, based on a 22-gene signature. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Across cancers, NPY showed the highest expression in prostate cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PAN-Cancer cohort (n=9483, p<0.0001). In 17967 prospective samples, low NPY expression was associated with aggressive grade group 5 disease and a higher genomic risk (p<0.0001). In the retrospective (n=355) and TCGA (n=497) cohorts, low NPY was associated with shorter MFS and PFS, respectively (p=0.001 for both). In mCRPC cohorts, low NPY was associated with neuroendocrine development (p<0.01). NPY was highly correlated to ERG; thus, we defined four groups based on NPY expression and ERG fusion. The lowNPY/ERG+ subtype was associated with the highest genomic risk for metastasis (p<0.0001) and the highest rate of metastasis compared with all other subtypes (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.2 [1.22-4.03], p=0.008), while the highNPY/ERG- subtype was associated with the lowest genomic risk for metastasis (p<0.0001) and the lowest rate of metastasis (HR: 0.53 [0.35-0.81], p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Low NPY expression is associated with adverse genomic features and clinical correlates and outcomes. The lowNPY/ERG+ subtype was associated with the highest risk of developing metastasis. Prognostic subgrouping and tailored treatments by NPY expression and ERG fusion status warrant further study. PATIENT SUMMARY The low neuropeptide Y prostate cancer subtype appears to be aggressive with a high risk of developing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alshalalfa
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Paul L Nguyen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S Chen
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elai Davicioni
- GenomeDx Biosciences Inc, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brandon A Mahal
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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48
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Liu H, Wu Z, Zhou H, Cai W, Li X, Hu J, Gao L, Feng T, Wang L, Peng X, Qi M, Liu L, Han B. The SOX4/miR-17-92/RB1 Axis Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression. Neoplasia 2019; 21:765-776. [PMID: 31238254 PMCID: PMC6593351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although androgen-deprivation treatment (ADT) is the main treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), it eventually fails. This failure invariably leads to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and the development of the neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype. The molecular basis for PCa progression remains unclear. Previously, we and others have demonstrated that the sex-determining region Y-box 4 (SOX4) gene, a critical developmental transcription factor, is overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in PCa patients. In this study, we show that SOX4 expression is associated with PCa progression and the development of the NE phenotype in androgen deprivation conditions. High-throughput microRNA profiling and bioinformatics analyses suggest that SOX4 may target the miR-17-92 cluster. SOX4 transcriptionally upregulates miR-17-92 cluster expression in PCa cells. SOX4-induced PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion are also mediated by miR-17-92 cluster members. Furthermore, RB1 is a target gene of miR-17-92 cluster. We found that SOX4 downregulates RB1 protein expression by upregulating the miR-17-92 expression. In addition, SOX4-knockdown restrains NE phenotype and PCa cell proliferation. Clinically, the overexpression of miR-17-92 members is shown to be positively correlated with SOX4 expression in PCa patients, whereas RB1 expression is negatively correlated with SOX4 expression in patients with the aggressive PCa phenotype. Collectively, we propose a novel model of a SOX4/miR-17-92/RB1 axis that may exist to promote PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haibin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wenjie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xinjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xijia Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Pathology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, 250012, China.
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49
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Alshalalfa M, Liu Y, Wyatt AW, Gibb EA, Tsai HK, Erho N, Lehrer J, Takhar M, Ramnarine VR, Collins CC, Den RB, Schaeffer EM, Davicioni E, Lotan TL, Bismar TA. Characterization of transcriptomic signature of primary prostate cancer analogous to prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3453-3461. [PMID: 31125117 PMCID: PMC6852174 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SC/NE) is well studied in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer; however, it is not well characterized in the primary setting. Herein, we used gene expression profiling of SC/NE prostate cancer (PCa) to develop a 212 gene signature to identify treatment‐naïve primary prostatic tumors that are molecularly analogous to SC/NE (SC/NE‐like PCa). The 212 gene signature was tested in several cohorts confirming similar molecular profile between prostatic SC/NE and small cell lung carcinoma. The signature was then translated into a genomic score (SCGScore) using modularized logistic regression modeling and validated in four independent cohorts achieving an average AUC >0.95. The signature was evaluated in more than 25,000 primary adenocarcinomas to characterize the biology, prognosis and potential therapeutic response of predicted SC/NE‐like tumors. Assessing SCGScore in a prospective cohort of 17,967 RP and 6,697 biopsy treatment‐naïve primary tumors from the Decipher Genomic Resource Information Database registry, approximately 1% of the patients were found to have a SC/NE‐like transcriptional profile, whereas 0.5 and 3% of GG1 and GG5 patients respectively showed to be SC/NE‐like. More than 80% of these patients are genomically high‐risk based on Decipher score. Interrogating in vitro drug sensitivity analyses, SC/NE‐like prostatic tumors showed higher response to PARP and HDAC inhibitors. What's new? While genomic/transcriptomic data analysis has revolutionized cancer biology, this analysis is frequently only available late in the cancer history, often after years of therapy. Here the authors built a single sample genomic classifier to predict primary prostate cancer tumors with early small cell neuroendocrine differentiation. They show in three independent cohorts that small cell neuroendocrine tumors of the prostate are similar to small cell tumors of the lung and predict the specific prostate tumors to be responsive to inhibitors of poly ADP ribose polymerase and histone deacetylases, underscoring the use of these drugs in this subtype of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- GenomeDx Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ewan A Gibb
- GenomeDx Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Harrison K Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Varune R Ramnarine
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colin C Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert B Den
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Centre, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tarek A Bismar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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50
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Borno HT, Small EJ. Apalutamide and its use in the treatment of prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2019; 15:591-599. [PMID: 30426794 PMCID: PMC6391625 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is a lethal disease that previously lacked clear treatment options. Progression to bone metastases is associated with significant morbidity and high cost. Apalutamide, an androgen receptor inhibitor, has substantial clinical response in nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Apalutamide + androgen deprivation therapy is well tolerated and improves metastasis-free survival, progression-free survival and time to symptomatic progression, and is associated with a favorable trend of improved overall survival. Future research is needed to elucidate mechanisms of resistance to treatment with androgen signaling inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala T Borno
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric J Small
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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