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Parry MA, Grist E, Mendes L, Dutey-Magni P, Sachdeva A, Brawley C, Murphy L, Proudfoot J, Lall S, Liu Y, Friedrich S, Ismail M, Hoyle A, Ali A, Haran A, Wingate A, Zakka L, Wetterskog D, Amos CL, Atako NB, Wang V, Rush HL, Jones RJ, Leung H, Cross WR, Gillessen S, Parker CC, Chowdhury S, Lotan T, Marafioti T, Urbanucci A, Schaeffer EM, Spratt DE, Waugh D, Powles T, Berney DM, Sydes MR, Parmar MK, Hamid AA, Feng FY, Sweeney CJ, Davicioni E, Clarke NW, James ND, Brown LC, Attard G. Clinical testing of transcriptome-wide expression profiles in high-risk localized and metastatic prostate cancer starting androgen deprivation therapy: an ancillary study of the STAMPEDE abiraterone Phase 3 trial. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2488586. [PMID: 36798177 PMCID: PMC9934744 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2488586/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic and high-risk localized prostate cancer respond to hormone therapy but outcomes vary. Following a pre-specified statistical plan, we used Cox models adjusted for clinical variables to test associations with survival of multi-gene expression-based classifiers from 781 patients randomized to androgen deprivation with or without abiraterone in the STAMPEDE trial. Decipher score was strongly prognostic (p<2×10-5) and identified clinically-relevant differences in absolute benefit, especially for localized cancers. In metastatic disease, classifiers of proliferation, PTEN or TP53 loss and treatment-persistent cells were prognostic. In localized disease, androgen receptor activity was protective whilst interferon signaling (that strongly associated with tumor lymphocyte infiltration) was detrimental. Post-Operative Radiation-Therapy Outcomes Score was prognostic in localized but not metastatic disease (interaction p=0.0001) suggesting the impact of tumor biology on clinical outcome is context-dependent on metastatic state. Transcriptome-wide testing has clinical utility for advanced prostate cancer and identified worse outcomes for localized cancers with tumor-promoting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Grist
- Cancer Institute, University College London; London, UK
| | | | - Peter Dutey-Magni
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Ashwin Sachdeva
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Brawley
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Laura Murphy
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Hoyle
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
- Department of Surgery, The Christie and Salford Royal Hospitals; Manchester, UK
| | - Adnan Ali
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Aine Haran
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
- Department of Surgery, The Christie and Salford Royal Hospitals; Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Wingate
- Cancer Institute, University College London; London, UK
| | - Leila Zakka
- Cancer Institute, University College London; London, UK
| | | | - Claire L. Amos
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Nafisah B. Atako
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Victoria Wang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, USA
| | - Hannah L. Rush
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Robert J. Jones
- University of Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre; Glasgow, UK
| | - Hing Leung
- University of Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre; Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Silke Gillessen
- Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana, EOC; Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Università della Svizzera Italiana; Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Chris C. Parker
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research; London, UK
| | | | | | - Tamara Lotan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Alfonso Urbanucci
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital; Oslo, Norway
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital; Tampere, Finland
| | - Edward M. Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago, USA
| | - Daniel E. Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Cleveland, USA
| | - David Waugh
- Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London; London, UK
| | - Daniel M. Berney
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London; London, UK
| | - Matthew R. Sydes
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Mahesh K.B. Parmar
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
| | - Anis A. Hamid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, USA
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Noel W. Clarke
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
- Department of Surgery, The Christie and Salford Royal Hospitals; Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas D. James
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research; London, UK
| | - Louise C. Brown
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London; London, UK
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Grist E, Friedrich S, Brawley C, Mendes L, Parry M, Ali A, Haran A, Hoyle A, Gilson C, Lall S, Zakka L, Bautista C, Landless A, Nowakowska K, Wingate A, Wetterskog D, Hasan AMM, Akato NB, Richmond M, Ishaq S, Matthews N, Hamid AA, Sweeney CJ, Sydes MR, Berney DM, Lise S, Parmar MKB, Clarke NW, James ND, Cremaschi P, Brown LC, Attard G. Accumulation of copy number alterations and clinical progression across advanced prostate cancer. Genome Med 2022; 14:102. [PMID: 36059000 PMCID: PMC9442998 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic copy number alterations commonly occur in prostate cancer and are one measure of genomic instability. The clinical implication of copy number change in advanced prostate cancer, which defines a wide spectrum of disease from high-risk localised to metastatic, is unknown. METHODS We performed copy number profiling on 688 tumour regions from 300 patients, who presented with advanced prostate cancer prior to the start of long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), in the control arm of the prospective randomised STAMPEDE trial. Patients were categorised into metastatic states as follows; high-risk non-metastatic with or without local lymph node involvement, or metastatic low/high volume. We followed up patients for a median of 7 years. Univariable and multivariable Cox survival models were fitted to estimate the association between the burden of copy number alteration as a continuous variable and the hazard of death or disease progression. RESULTS The burden of copy number alterations positively associated with radiologically evident distant metastases at diagnosis (P=0.00006) and showed a non-linear relationship with clinical outcome on univariable and multivariable analysis, characterised by a sharp increase in the relative risk of progression (P=0.003) and death (P=0.045) for each unit increase, stabilising into more modest increases with higher copy number burdens. This association between copy number burden and outcome was similar in each metastatic state. Copy number loss occurred significantly more frequently than gain at the lowest copy number burden quartile (q=4.1 × 10-6). Loss of segments in chromosome 5q21-22 and gains at 8q21-24, respectively including CHD1 and cMYC occurred more frequently in cases with higher copy number alteration (for either region: Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance, 0.5; adjusted P<0.0001). Copy number alterations showed variability across tumour regions in the same prostate. This variance associated with increased risk of distant metastases (Kruskal-Wallis test P=0.037). CONCLUSIONS Copy number alteration in advanced prostate cancer associates with increased risk of metastases at diagnosis. Accumulation of a limited number of copy number alterations associates with most of the increased risk of disease progression and death. The increased likelihood of involvement of specific segments in high copy number alteration burden cancers may suggest an order underlying the accumulation of copy number changes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00268476 , registered on December 22, 2005. EudraCT 2004-000193-31 , registered on October 4, 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Grist
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Marina Parry
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adnan Ali
- GU Cancer Research/FASTMAN Group, Manchester Cancer Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Aine Haran
- The Christie and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trusts, Manchester, UK
| | - Alex Hoyle
- The Christie and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trusts, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Gilson
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Leila Zakka
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alex Landless
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anna Wingate
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Nafisah B Akato
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - Malissa Richmond
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - Sofeya Ishaq
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - Nik Matthews
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Anis A Hamid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew R Sydes
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Berney
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stefano Lise
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Noel W Clarke
- GU Cancer Research/FASTMAN Group, Manchester Cancer Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas D James
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Louise C Brown
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
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Attard G, Murphy L, Clarke N, Cross W, Gillessen S, Amos C, Brawley C, Jones R, Pezaro C, Malik Z, Montazeri A, Millman R, Cook A, Gilbert D, Langley R, Parker C, Sydes M, Brown L, Parmar M, James N. LBA62 Comparison of abiraterone acetate and prednisolone (AAP) or combination enzalutamide (ENZ) + AAP for metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) starting androgen deprivation therapy (ADT): Overall survival (OS) results of 2 randomised phase III trials from the STAMPEDE protocol. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Gilson C, Ingleby F, Gilbert DC, Parry MA, Atako NB, Ali A, Hoyle A, Clarke NW, Gannon M, Wanstall C, Brawley C, Mason MD, Malik Z, Simmons A, Loehr A, Parry-Jones A, Eeles R, Kote-Jarai Z, James ND, Amos C, Parmar MKB, Langley RE, Sydes MR, Attard G, Chowdhury S. Genomic Profiles of De Novo High- and Low-Volume Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Results From a 2-Stage Feasibility and Prevalence Study in the STAMPEDE Trial. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:882-897. [PMID: 35050761 DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The STAMPEDE trial recruits men with newly diagnosed, high-risk, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. To ascertain the feasibility of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) and the prevalence of baseline genomic aberrations, we sequenced tumor and germline DNA from patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) starting long-term androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). METHODS In a 2-stage approach, archival, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate tumor core biopsy samples were retrospectively subjected to 2 tNGS assays. Prospective enrollment enabled validation using tNGS in tumor and germline DNA. RESULTS In stage 1, tNGS data were obtained from 185 tumors from 287 patients (65%); 98% had de novo mPCa. We observed PI3K pathway aberrations in 43%, due to PTEN copy-number loss (34%) and/or activating mutations in PIK3 genes or AKT (18%) and TP53 mutation or loss in 33%. No androgen receptor (AR) aberrations were detected; RB1 loss was observed in < 1%. In stage 2, 93 (92%) of 101 FFPE tumors (biopsy obtained within 8 months) were successfully sequenced prospectively. The prevalence of DNA damage repair (DDR) deficiency was 14% (somatic) and 5% (germline). BRCA2 mutations and mismatch repair gene mutations were exclusive to high-volume disease. Aberrant DDR (22% v 15%), Wnt pathway (16% v 4%), and chromatin remodeling (16% v 8%) were all more common in high-volume compared with low-volume disease, but the small numbers limited statistical comparisons. CONCLUSION Prospective genomic characterization is feasible using residual diagnostic tumor samples and reveals that the genomic landscapes of de novo high-volume mPCa and advanced metastatic prostate cancer have notable similarities (PI3K pathway, DDR, Wnt, chromatin remodeling) and differences (AR, RB1). These results will inform the design and conduct of biomarker-directed trials in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Gilson
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Ingleby
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan C Gilbert
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marina A Parry
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nafisah B Atako
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adnan Ali
- GU Research and FASTMAN groups, Manchester Cancer Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Hoyle
- GU Research and FASTMAN groups, Manchester Cancer Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trusts, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Noel W Clarke
- GU Research and FASTMAN groups, Manchester Cancer Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trusts, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Gannon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Wanstall
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Brawley
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Zafar Malik
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Claire Amos
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahesh K B Parmar
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E Langley
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Sydes
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhardt Attard
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Vale CL, Fisher D, Kneebone A, Parker C, Pearse M, Richaud P, Sargos P, Sydes MR, Brawley C, Brihoum M, Brown C, Chabaud S, Cook A, Forcat S, Fraser-Browne C, Latorzeff I, Parmar MKB, Tierney JF. Adjuvant or early salvage radiotherapy for the treatment of localised and locally advanced prostate cancer: a prospectively planned systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data. Lancet 2020; 396:1422-1431. [PMID: 33002431 PMCID: PMC7611137 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether adjuvant or early salvage radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy is more appropriate for men who present with localised or locally advanced prostate cancer. We aimed to prospectively plan a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing these radiotherapy approaches. METHODS We used a prospective framework for adaptive meta-analysis (FAME), starting the review process while eligible trials were ongoing. RCTs were eligible if they aimed to compare immediate adjuvant radiotherapy versus early salvage radiotherapy, following radical prostatectomy in men (age ≥18 years) with intermediate-risk or high-risk, localised or locally advanced prostate cancer. We searched trial registers and conference proceedings until July 8, 2020, to identify eligible RCTs. By establishing the ARTISTIC collaboration with relevant trialists, we were able to anticipate when eligible trial results would emerge, and we developed and registered a protocol with PROSPERO before knowledge of the trial results (CRD42019132669). We used a harmonised definition of event-free survival, as the time from randomisation until the first evidence of either biochemical progression (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] ≥0·4 ng/mL and rising after completion of any postoperative radiotherapy), clinical or radiological progression, initiation of a non-trial treatment, death from prostate cancer, or a PSA level of at least 2·0 ng/mL at any time after randomisation. We predicted when we would have sufficient power to assess whether adjuvant radiotherapy was superior to early salvage radiotherapy. Investigators supplied results for event-free survival, both overall and within predefined patient subgroups. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the effects of radiotherapy timing on event-free survival and subgroup interactions were combined using fixed-effect meta-analysis. FINDINGS We identified three eligible trials and were able to obtain updated results for event-free survival for 2153 patients recruited between November, 2007, and December, 2016. Median follow-up ranged from 60 months to 78 months, with a maximum follow-up of 132 months. 1075 patients were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant radiotherapy and 1078 to a policy of early salvage radiotherapy, of whom 421 (39·1%) had commenced treatment at the time of analysis. Patient characteristics were balanced within trials and overall. Median age was similar between trials at 64 or 65 years (with IQRs ranging from 59 to 68 years) across the three trials and most patients (1671 [77·6%]) had a Gleason score of 7. All trials were assessed as having low risk of bias. Based on 270 events, the meta-analysis showed no evidence that event-free survival was improved with adjuvant radiotherapy compared with early salvage radiotherapy (HR 0·95, 95% CI 0·75-1·21; p=0·70), with only a 1 percentage point (95% CI -2 to 3) change in 5-year event-free survival (89% vs 88%). Results were consistent across trials (heterogeneity p=0·18; I2=42%). INTERPRETATION This collaborative and prospectively designed systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that adjuvant radiotherapy does not improve event-free survival in men with localised or locally advanced prostate cancer. Until data on long-term outcomes are available, early salvage treatment would seem the preferable treatment policy as it offers the opportunity to spare many men radiotherapy and its associated side-effects. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Vale
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK.
| | - David Fisher
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Christopher Parker
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Matthew R Sydes
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Chris Brown
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Adrian Cook
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Forcat
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jayne F Tierney
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
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Ali S, Hoyle A, James N, Parker C, Brawley C, Attard G, Douis H, Mason M, Parmar M, Sydes M, Clarke N. Benefit of prostate radiotherapy for patients with lymph node only or < 4 bone metastasis and no visceral metastases: Exploratory analyses of metastatic site and number in the STAMPEDE “M1|RT comparison”. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz248.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mintz H, Amos C, Brannan R, Brawley C, Calvert J, Gannon M, Hounsome L, Ingleby F, McPhail S, Parmar M, Parsons H, Patel P, Rauchenberger M, Sydes M, Wu H, James N. Retrospective evaluation of neutropenic admission events in metastatic or high-risk hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) patients having docetaxel chemotherapy upfront or for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in STAMPEDE. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz248.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Parker C, James N, Brawley C, Clarke N, Attard G, Chowdhury S, Cross W, Dearnaley D, Gilson C, Jones R, Mason M, Millman R, Gillessen S, Eswar C, Gale J, Lester J, Sheehan D, Tran A, Parmar M, Sydes M. Radiotherapy (RT) to the primary tumour for men with newly-diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer (PCa): Survival results from STAMPEDE. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy424.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wallenhorst WA, Brawley C. MRT für Einsteiger. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-828249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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