1
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Polak R, Zhang ET, Kuo CJ. Cancer organoids 2.0: modelling the complexity of the tumour immune microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:523-539. [PMID: 38977835 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of neoplasia involves a complex and continuous interplay between malignantly transformed cells and the tumour microenvironment (TME). Cancer immunotherapies targeting the immune TME have been increasingly validated in clinical trials but response rates vary substantially between tumour histologies and are often transient, idiosyncratic and confounded by resistance. Faithful experimental models of the patient-specific tumour immune microenvironment, capable of recapitulating tumour biology and immunotherapy effects, would greatly improve patient selection, target identification and definition of resistance mechanisms for immuno-oncology therapeutics. In this Review, we discuss currently available and rapidly evolving 3D tumour organoid models that capture important immune features of the TME. We highlight diverse opportunities for organoid-based investigations of tumour immunity, drug development and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Polak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elisa T Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Lu E, Zhao B, Yuan C, Liang Y, Wang X, Yang G. Novel cancer-fighting role of ticagrelor inhibits GTSE1-induced EMT by regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in malignant glioma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30833. [PMID: 38774096 PMCID: PMC11107102 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor of the central nervous system. Despite of the improvement of therapeutic strategy, the prognosis of malignant glioma patients underwent by STUPP strategy is still unexpected. Previous studies have suggested that ticagrelor exerted chemotherapeutic effects by inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various diseases including tumors. However, whether ticagrelor can exhibit the antitumor efficiency in glioma by affecting the EMT process is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the cancer-fighting role of ticagrelor and demonstrated its chemotherapeutic mechanism in glioma. Materials and methods The MTT assay was performed to detect the cytotoxicity of ticagrelor in glioma cells. We evaluated the expression of Ki67 in glioma cells by immunofluorescence assay after ticagrelor treatment. We conducted wound healing assay and transwell assay to determine the effects of ticagrelor on the migration and invasion of glioma cells. RNA-seq analysis was conducted to examine potential target genes and alternative signaling pathways for ticagrelor treatment. The expression levels of key EMT -related proteins were examined by Western blot experiment. Results Ticagrelor inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells with a favorable toxicity profile in vitro. Ticagrelor downregulated the expression of GTSE1 in glioma cells. RNA-seq analysis explored that GTSE1 acted as the potential target gene for ticagrelor treatment. Upregulation of GTSE1 antagonized the inhibitory effect of ticagrelor on the invasion of glioma and EMT progression by regulation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. And ticagrelor also exhibited the similar chemotherapeutic effect of glioma in vivo. Conclusions Ticagrelor as a potential chemotherapeutic option induced the inhibition of the GTSE1-induced EMT progression by regulation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzhou Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
- Heilongjiang Province Neuroscience Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Boxian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
- Heilongjiang Province Neuroscience Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
- Heilongjiang Province Neuroscience Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Yanchao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
- Heilongjiang Province Neuroscience Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
- Heilongjiang Province Neuroscience Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
- Heilongjiang Province Neuroscience Institute, Harbin, China
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3
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Zhang J, Li R, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhao Y. ITGA2 as a prognostic factor of glioma promotes GSCs invasion and EMT by activating STAT3 phosphorylation. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:235-246. [PMID: 38142122 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults with a high mortality and recurrence rate. Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) is involved in cell adhesion, stem cell regulation, angiogenesis and immune cell function. The role of ITGA2 in glioma malignant invasion remains unknown. The function and clinical relevance of ITGA2 were analysed by bioinformatics databases. The expression of ITGA2 in parent cells and GSCs was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence double staining. The role of ITGA2 on the malignant phenotype of GSCs and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was identified by stem cell function assays and Western blot. The effect of ITGA2 on glioma progression in vivo was determined by the intracranial orthotopic xenograft model. Immunohistochemistry, Spearman correlation and Kaplan-Meier were used to analyse the relationship of ITGA2 with clinical features and glioma prognosis. Biological analysis showed that ITGA2 might be related to cell invasion and migration. ITGA2, enriched in GSCs and co-expressed with SOX2, promoted the invasion and migration of GSCs by activating STAT3 phosphorylation and enhancing EMT. ITGA2 knockout suppressed the intracranial orthotopic xenograft growth and prolonged the survival of xenograft mice. In addition, the expression level of ITGA2 was significantly correlated to the grade of malignancy, N-cadherin and Ki67. High expression of ITGA2 indicated a worse prognosis of glioma patients. As a biomarker for the prediction of prognosis, ITGA2 promotes the malignant invasion of GSCs by activating STAT3 phosphorylation and enhancing EMT, leading to tumor recurrence and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Stoke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruinan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Stoke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Stoke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Stoke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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4
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Anderson SM, Kelly M, Odde DJ. Glioblastoma Cells Use an Integrin- and CD44-Mediated Motor-Clutch Mode of Migration in Brain Tissue. Cell Mol Bioeng 2024; 17:121-135. [PMID: 38737451 PMCID: PMC11082118 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-024-00799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor with 2 year survival rates of 6.7% (Stupp et al. in J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 25:4127-4136, 2007; Mohammed et al. in Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 27:1026-1036, 2002). One key characteristic of the disease is the ability of glioblastoma cells to migrate rapidly and spread throughout healthy brain tissue (Lefranc et al. in J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 23:2411-2422, 2005; Hoelzinger et al. in J Natl Cancer Inst 21:1583-1593, 2007). To develop treatments that effectively target cell migration, it is important to understand the fundamental mechanism driving cell migration in brain tissue. Several models of cell migration have been proposed, including the motor-clutch, bleb-based motility, and osmotic engine models. Methods Here we utilized confocal imaging to measure traction dynamics and migration speeds of glioblastoma cells in mouse organotypic brain slices to identify the mode of cell migration. Results We found that nearly all cell-vasculature interactions reflected pulling, rather than pushing, on vasculature at the cell leading edge, a finding consistent with a motor-clutch mode of migration, and inconsistent with an osmotic engine model or confined bleb-based migration. Reducing myosin motor activity, a key component in the motor-clutch model, was found to decrease migration speed at high doses for all cell types including U251 and 6 low-passage patient-derived xenograft lines (3 proneural and 3 mesenchymal subtypes). Variable responses were found at low doses, consistent with a motor-clutch mode of migration which predicts a biphasic relationship between migration speed and motor-to-clutch ratio. Targeting of molecular clutches including integrins and CD44 slowed migration of U251 cells. Conclusions Overall we find that glioblastoma cell migration is most consistent with a motor-clutch mechanism to migrate through brain tissue ex vivo, and that both integrins and CD44, as well as myosin motors, play an important role in constituting the adhesive clutch. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-024-00799-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Marcus Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - David J. Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
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5
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Li Y, Wang J, Song SR, Lv SQ, Qin JH, Yu SC. Models for evaluating glioblastoma invasion along white matter tracts. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:293-309. [PMID: 37806896 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
White matter tracts (WMs) are one of the main invasion paths of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The lack of ideal research models hinders our understanding of the details and mechanisms of GBM invasion along WMs. To date, many potential in vitro models have been reported; nerve fiber culture models and nanomaterial models are biocompatible, and the former have electrically active neurons. Brain slice culture models, organoid models, and microfluidic chip models can simulate the real brain and tumor microenvironment (TME), which contains a variety of cell types. These models are closer to the real in vivo environment and are helpful for further studying not only invasion along WMs by GBM, but also perineural invasion and brain metastasis by solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China; Jin-feng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Si-Rong Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jian-Hua Qin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Niaoning 116023, China.
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China; Jin-feng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China.
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6
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Xu Y, Xue G, Zhou L, Wu G, Hu L, Ma S, Zhang J, Li X. KIF4A promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway in glioma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04943-z. [PMID: 38411896 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor, with poor prognosis reported in patients with high-grade glioma. Kinesin family member 4 A (KIF4A) stimulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. However, its function in gliomas has not been clearly established. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of KIF4A on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of glioma cells. We searched The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases to identify KIF4A-related signaling pathways and downstream genes. We further validated them using western blotting, transwell migration and invasion, wound-healing scratch, and dual-luciferase reporter assays in U251 and U87 human glioblastoma cells. Our analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas data showed elevated KIF4A expression in patients with gliomas and was associated with clinical grade. Here, KIF4A overexpression promoted the migration, invasion, and proliferation of glioma cells, whereas KIF4A knockdown showed contrasting results. Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analyses demonstrated that KIF4A positively controls TGF-β/SMAD signaling in glioma cells. Additionally, genetic correlation analysis revealed that KIF4A transcriptionally controls benzimidazoles-1 expression in glioma cells. KIF4A promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway via benzimidazoles-1 in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangren Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gaotian Wu
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingji Hu
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuchen Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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7
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Yadav N, Purow BW. Understanding current experimental models of glioblastoma-brain microenvironment interactions. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:213-229. [PMID: 38180686 PMCID: PMC11056965 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and devastating primary brain tumor, with median survival of 16-18 months after diagnosis in the setting of substantial resistance to standard-of-care and inevitable tumor recurrence. Recent work has implicated the brain microenvironment as being critical for GBM proliferation, invasion, and resistance to treatment. GBM does not operate in isolation, with neurons, astrocytes, and multiple immune populations being implicated in GBM tumor progression and invasiveness. The goal of this review article is to provide an overview of the available in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models for assessing GBM-brain interactions, as well as discuss each model's relative strengths and limitations. Current in vitro models discussed will include 2D and 3D co-culture platforms with various cells of the brain microenvironment, as well as spheroids, whole organoids, and models of fluid dynamics, such as interstitial flow. An overview of in vitro and ex vivo organotypic GBM brain slices is also provided. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the various in vivo rodent models of GBM, including xenografts, syngeneic grafts, and genetically-engineered models of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niket Yadav
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Benjamin W Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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8
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Anderson SM, Kelly M, Odde DJ. Glioblastoma cells use an integrin- and CD44-mediated motor-clutch mode of migration in brain tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563458. [PMID: 37961475 PMCID: PMC10634749 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor with 2-year survival rates of 6.7% [1], [2]. One key characteristic of the disease is the ability of glioblastoma cells to migrate rapidly and spread throughout healthy brain tissue[3], [4]. To develop treatments that effectively target cell migration, it is important to understand the fundamental mechanism driving cell migration in brain tissue. Here we utilized confocal imaging to measure traction dynamics and migration speeds of glioblastoma cells in mouse organotypic brain slices to identify the mode of cell migration. Through imaging cell-vasculature interactions and utilizing drugs, antibodies, and genetic modifications to target motors and clutches, we find that glioblastoma cell migration is most consistent with a motor-clutch mechanism to migrate through brain tissue ex vivo, and that both integrins and CD44, as well as myosin motors, play an important role in constituting the adhesive clutch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marcus Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David J. Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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9
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Delbrouck C, Kiweler N, Chen O, Pozdeev VI, Haase L, Neises L, Oudin A, Fouquier d'Hérouël A, Shen R, Schlicker L, Halder R, Lesur A, Schuster A, Lorenz NI, Jaeger C, Feucherolles M, Frache G, Szpakowska M, Chevigne A, Ronellenfitsch MW, Moussay E, Piraud M, Skupin A, Schulze A, Niclou SP, Letellier E, Meiser J. Formate promotes invasion and metastasis in reliance on lipid metabolism. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113034. [PMID: 37651228 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring is essential for cancer onset and progression. We previously showed that one-carbon metabolism-dependent formate production often exceeds the anabolic demand of cancer cells, resulting in formate overflow. Furthermore, we showed that increased extracellular formate concentrations promote the in vitro invasiveness of glioblastoma cells. Here, we substantiate these initial observations with ex vivo and in vivo experiments. We also show that exposure to exogeneous formate can prime cancer cells toward a pro-invasive phenotype leading to increased metastasis formation in vivo. Our results suggest that the increased local formate concentration within the tumor microenvironment can be one factor to promote metastases. Additionally, we describe a mechanistic interplay between formate-dependent increased invasiveness and adaptations of lipid metabolism and matrix metalloproteinase activity. Our findings consolidate the role of formate as pro-invasive metabolite and warrant further research to better understand the interplay between formate and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Delbrouck
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 avenue de Université, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nicole Kiweler
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Oleg Chen
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Vitaly I Pozdeev
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Lara Haase
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 avenue de Université, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Laura Neises
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Aymeric Fouquier d'Hérouël
- Integrative Cell Signaling Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ruolin Shen
- Helmholtz AI Central Unit, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schlicker
- Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rashi Halder
- RNAseq Platform, Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Antoine Lesur
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Schuster
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Nadja I Lorenz
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Jaeger
- Metabolomics Platform, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maureen Feucherolles
- Molecular and Thermal Analysis Group, Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Gilles Frache
- Molecular and Thermal Analysis Group, Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andy Chevigne
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marie Piraud
- Helmholtz AI Central Unit, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Integrative Cell Signaling Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA; Department of Physics and Material Science, University of Luxembourg, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Almut Schulze
- Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone P Niclou
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 avenue de Université, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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10
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Dreyer CA, VanderVorst K, Natwick D, Bell G, Sood P, Hernandez M, Angelastro JM, Collins SR, Carraway KL. A complex of Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling components Vangl1 and Fzd7 drives glioblastoma multiforme malignant properties. Cancer Lett 2023; 567:216280. [PMID: 37336284 PMCID: PMC10582999 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Targeting common oncogenic drivers of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in patients has remained largely ineffective, raising the possibility that alternative pathways may contribute to tumor aggressiveness. Here we demonstrate that Vangl1 and Fzd7, components of the non-canonical Wnt planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling pathway, promote GBM malignancy by driving cellular proliferation, migration, and invasiveness, and engage Rho GTPases to promote cytoskeletal rearrangements and actin dynamics in migrating GBM cells. Mechanistically, we uncover the existence of a novel Vangl1/Fzd7 complex at the leading edge of migrating GBM cells and propose that this complex is critical for the recruitment of downstream effectors to promote tumor progression. Moreover, we observe that depletion of FZD7 results in a striking suppression of tumor growth and latency and extends overall survival in an intracranial mouse xenograft model. Our observations support a novel mechanism by which Wnt/PCP components Vangl1 and Fzd7 form a complex at the leading edge of migratory GBM cells to engage downstream effectors that promote actin cytoskeletal rearrangements dynamics. Our findings suggest that interference with Wnt/PCP pathway function may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for patients diagnosed with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Dean Natwick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - George Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Prachi Sood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - James M Angelastro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean R Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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11
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Almagro J, Messal HA. Volume imaging to interrogate cancer cell-tumor microenvironment interactions in space and time. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176594. [PMID: 37261345 PMCID: PMC10228654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Volume imaging visualizes the three-dimensional (3D) complexity of tumors to unravel the dynamic crosstalk between cancer cells and the heterogeneous landscape of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tissue clearing and intravital microscopy (IVM) constitute rapidly progressing technologies to study the architectural context of such interactions. Tissue clearing enables high-resolution imaging of large samples, allowing for the characterization of entire tumors and even organs and organisms with tumors. With IVM, the dynamic engagement between cancer cells and the TME can be visualized in 3D over time, allowing for acquisition of 4D data. Together, tissue clearing and IVM have been critical in the examination of cancer-TME interactions and have drastically advanced our knowledge in fundamental cancer research and clinical oncology. This review provides an overview of the current technical repertoire of fluorescence volume imaging technologies to study cancer and the TME, and discusses how their recent applications have been utilized to advance our fundamental understanding of tumor architecture, stromal and immune infiltration, vascularization and innervation, and to explore avenues for immunotherapy and optimized chemotherapy delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Almagro
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hendrik A. Messal
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Pawlowski KD, Duffy JT, Babak MV, Balyasnikova IV. Modeling glioblastoma complexity with organoids for personalized treatments. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:282-296. [PMID: 36805210 PMCID: PMC11101135 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a fatal diagnosis despite the current standard of care of maximal surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide (TMZ) therapy. One aspect that impedes drug development is the lack of an appropriate model representative of the complexity of patient tumors. Brain organoids derived from cell culture techniques provide a robust, easily manipulatable, and high-throughput model for GBM. In this review, we highlight recent progress in developing GBM organoids (GBOs) with a focus on generating the GBM microenvironment (i.e., stem cells, vasculature, and immune cells) recapitulating human disease. Finally, we also discuss the use of organoids as a screening tool in drug development for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D Pawlowski
- Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joseph T Duffy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maria V Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, People's Republic of China.
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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13
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Abedin MJ, Michelhaugh SK, Mittal S, Berdichevsky Y. 3D models of glioblastoma interaction with cortical cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1150772. [PMID: 36970613 PMCID: PMC10033518 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1150772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) invasiveness and ability to infiltrate deep into the brain tissue is a major reason for the poor patient prognosis for this type of brain cancer. Behavior of glioblastoma cells, including their motility, and expression of invasion-promoting genes such as matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP2), are strongly influenced by normal cells found in the brain parenchyma. Cells such as neurons may also be influenced by the tumor, as many glioblastoma patients develop epilepsy. In vitro models of glioblastoma invasiveness are used to supplement animal models in a search for better treatments, and need to combine capability for high-throughput experiments with capturing bidirectional interactions between GBM and brain cells.Methods: In this work, two 3D in vitro models of GBM-cortical interactions were investigated. A matrix-free model was created by co-culturing GBM and cortical spheroids, and a matrix-based model was created by embedding cortical cells and a GBM spheroid in Matrigel.Results: Rapid GBM invasion occurred in the matrix-based model, and was enhanced by the presence of cortical cells. Little invasion occurred in the matrix-free model. In both types of models, presence of GBM cells resulted in a significant increase in paroxysmal neuronal activity.Discussion: Matrix-based model may be better suited for studying GBM invasion in an environment that includes cortical cells, while matrix-free model may be useful in investigation of tumor-associated epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Joynal Abedin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | | | - Sandeep Mittal
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Yevgeny Berdichevsky
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bethlehem, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yevgeny Berdichevsky,
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14
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Decotret LR, Shi R, Thomas KN, Hsu M, Pallen CJ, Bennewith KL. Development and validation of an advanced ex vivo brain slice invasion assay to model glioblastoma cell invasion into the complex brain microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:976945. [PMID: 36793608 PMCID: PMC9923402 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.976945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Organotypic cultures of murine brain slices are well-established tools in neuroscience research, including electrophysiology studies, modeling neurodegeneration, and cancer research. Here, we present an optimized ex vivo brain slice invasion assay that models glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell invasion into organotypic brain slices. Using this model, human GBM spheroids can be implanted with precision onto murine brain slices and cultured ex vivo to allow tumour cell invasion into the brain tissue. Traditional top-down confocal microscopy allows for imaging of GBM cell migration along the top of the brain slice, but there is limited resolution of tumour cell invasion into the slice. Our novel imaging and quantification technique involves embedding stained brain slices into an agar block, re-sectioning the slice in the Z-direction onto slides, and then using confocal microscopy to image cellular invasion into the brain tissue. This imaging technique allows for the visualization of invasive structures beneath the spheroid that would otherwise go undetected using traditional microscopy approaches. Our ImageJ macro (BraInZ) allows for the quantification of GBM brain slice invasion in the Z-direction. Importantly, we note striking differences in the modes of motility observed when GBM cells invade into Matrigel in vitro versus into brain tissue ex vivo highlighting the importance of incorporating the brain microenvironment when studying GBM invasion. In summary, our version of the ex vivo brain slice invasion assay improves upon previously published models by more clearly differentiating between migration along the top of the brain slice versus invasion into the slice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Decotret
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rocky Shi
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kiersten N Thomas
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manchi Hsu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine J Pallen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Johanssen T, McVeigh L, Erridge S, Higgins G, Straehla J, Frame M, Aittokallio T, Carragher NO, Ebner D. Glioblastoma and the search for non-hypothesis driven combination therapeutics in academia. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1075559. [PMID: 36733367 PMCID: PMC9886867 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1075559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a cancer of high unmet clinical need. Current standard of care for GBM, consisting of maximal surgical resection, followed by ionisation radiation (IR) plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ), provides less than 15-month survival benefit. Efforts by conventional drug discovery to improve overall survival have failed to overcome challenges presented by inherent tumor heterogeneity, therapeutic resistance attributed to GBM stem cells, and tumor niches supporting self-renewal. In this review we describe the steps academic researchers are taking to address these limitations in high throughput screening programs to identify novel GBM combinatorial targets. We detail how they are implementing more physiologically relevant phenotypic assays which better recapitulate key areas of disease biology coupled with more focussed libraries of small compounds, such as drug repurposing, target discovery, pharmacologically active and novel, more comprehensive anti-cancer target-annotated compound libraries. Herein, we discuss the rationale for current GBM combination trials and the need for more systematic and transparent strategies for identification, validation and prioritisation of combinations that lead to clinical trials. Finally, we make specific recommendations to the preclinical, small compound screening paradigm that could increase the likelihood of identifying tractable, combinatorial, small molecule inhibitors and better drug targets specific to GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Johanssen
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura McVeigh
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Erridge
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Higgins
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joelle Straehla
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Margaret Frame
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Neil O. Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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16
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Durand M, Chateau A, Jubréaux J, Devy J, Paquot H, Laurent G, Bazzi R, Roux S, Richet N, Reinhard-Ruch A, Chastagner P, Pinel S. Radiosensitization with Gadolinium Chelate-Coated Gold Nanoparticles Prevents Aggressiveness and Invasiveness in Glioblastoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:243-261. [PMID: 36660336 PMCID: PMC9844821 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s375918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the radiosensitizing potential of Au@DTDTPA(Gd) nanoparticles when combined with conventional external X-ray irradiation (RT) to treat GBM. Methods Complementary biological models based on U87 spheroids including conventional 3D invasion assay, organotypic brain slice cultures, chronic cranial window model were implemented to investigate the impact of RT treatments (10 Gy single dose; 5×2 Gy or 2×5 Gy) combined with Au@DTDTPA(Gd) nanoparticles on tumor progression. The main tumor mass and its infiltrative area were analyzed. This work focused on the invading cancer cells after irradiation and their viability, aggressiveness, and recurrence potential were assessed using mitotic catastrophe quantification, MMP secretion analysis and neurosphere assays, respectively. Results In vitro clonogenic assays showed that Au@DTDTPA(Gd) nanoparticles exerted a radiosensitizing effect on U87 cells, and in vivo experiments suggested a benefit of the combined treatment "RT 2×5 Gy + Au@DTDTPA(Gd)" compared to RT alone. Invasion assays revealed that invasion distance tended to increase after irradiation alone, while the combined treatments were able to significantly reduce tumor invasion. Monitoring of U87-GFP tumor progression using organotypic cultures or intracerebral grafts confirmed the anti-invasive effect of Au@DTDTPA(Gd) on irradiated spheroids. Most importantly, the combination of Au@DTDTPA(Gd) with irradiation drastically reduced the number, the viability and the aggressiveness of tumor cells able to escape from U87 spheroids. Notably, the combined treatments significantly reduced the proportion of escaped cells with stem-like features that could cause recurrence. Conclusion Combining Au@DTDTPA(Gd) nanoparticles and X-ray radiotherapy appears as an attractive therapeutic strategy to decrease number, viability and aggressiveness of tumor cells that escape and can invade the surrounding brain parenchyma. Hence, Au@DTDTPA(Gd)-enhanced radiotherapy opens up interesting perspectives for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Durand
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Alicia Chateau
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | | | - Jérôme Devy
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardennes, UMR CNRS/URCA 7369, MEDyC, Reims, F-51100, France
| | - Héna Paquot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Gautier Laurent
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR 6213 CNRS-UBFC, UTINAM, Besançon, F-25000, France
| | - Rana Bazzi
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR 6213 CNRS-UBFC, UTINAM, Besançon, F-25000, France
| | - Stéphane Roux
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR 6213 CNRS-UBFC, UTINAM, Besançon, F-25000, France
| | - Nicolas Richet
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardennes, Plateau Technique Mobile de Cytométrie Environnementale MOBICYTE Mobicyte, Reims, F-51100, France
| | | | - Pascal Chastagner
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, F-54000, France,CHRU de Nancy, Hôpital d’enfants - Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Sophie Pinel
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, F-54000, France,Correspondence: Sophie Pinel, Email
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17
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ADAMTS1 as potential prognostic biomarker promotes malignant invasion of glioma. Int J Clin Oncol 2023; 28:52-68. [PMID: 36371587 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common intracranial malignancy in adults with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis, which is largely attributed to the existence of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Previous evidence indicated that the matrix metalloproteinase ADAMTS1 was implicated in the process of tumor invasion, but the involvement of ADAMTS1 in glioma malignant invasion remains poorly understood. METHODS The expression and prognosis values of ADAMTS1 were investigated in patients with glioma based on ONCOMINE and GEPIA databases. ADAMTS1 expression of different malignancy grade tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. The effects of ADAMTS1 on cell proliferation and invasion were determined by clone formation assay and Transwell migration assay. The animal experiment was performed in an intracranial orthotopic xenograft model by knockout of ADAMTS1. Stemness properties and Notch1-SOX2 pathway were examined in stable ADAMTS1 knockdown GSCs. RESULTS The expression levels of ADAMTS1 were significantly higher in glioma tissues and significantly correlated with the grade of malignancy and prognosis of glioma. Elevated ADAMTS1 expression was associated with SOX2, N-cadherin and the resistance of chemoradiotherapy of glioma patients. ADAMTS1 knockout suppressed the intracranial orthotopic xenograft growth and prolonged the survival of xenograft mice in vivo. Mechanistically, we found a blockade of the migration and invasiveness of GSCs and the expression levels of Notch1 and SOX2 in absence of ADAMTS1. CONCLUSION As a biomarker for prediction of prognosis, ADAMTS1 may affect the invasive phenotype of GSCs by regulating Notch1-SOX2 signaling pathway, thereby promoting the invasive growth of glioma.
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18
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Francois L, Boskovic P, Knerr J, He W, Sigismondo G, Schwan C, More TH, Schlotter M, Conway ME, Krijgsveld J, Hiller K, Grosse R, Lichter P, Radlwimmer B. BCAT1 redox function maintains mitotic fidelity. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111524. [PMID: 36260995 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic enzyme branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) drives cell proliferation in aggressive cancers such as glioblastoma. Here, we show that BCAT1 localizes to mitotic structures and has a non-metabolic function as a mitotic regulator. Furthermore, BCAT1 is required for chromosome segregation in cancer and induced pluripotent stem cells and tumor growth in human cerebral organoid and mouse syngraft models. Applying gene knockout and rescue strategies, we show that the BCAT1 CXXC redox motif is crucial for controlling cysteine sulfenylation specifically in mitotic cells, promoting Aurora kinase B localization to centromeres, and securing accurate chromosome segregation. These findings offer an explanation for the well-established role of BCAT1 in promoting cancer cell proliferation. In summary, our data establish BCAT1 as a component of the mitotic apparatus that safeguards mitotic fidelity through a moonlighting redox functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Francois
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavle Boskovic
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Knerr
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Freiburg, 79102 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wei He
- Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, and Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, 38092 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gianluca Sigismondo
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Freiburg, 79102 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tushar H More
- Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, and Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, 38092 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Magdalena Schlotter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Myra E Conway
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, and Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, 38092 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Freiburg, 79102 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Radlwimmer
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Abend A, Steele C, Schmidt S, Frank R, Jahnke HG, Zink M. Neuronal and glial cell co-culture organization and impedance spectroscopy on nanocolumnar TiN films for lab-on-a-chip devices. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5719-5730. [PMID: 36039696 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip devices, such as multielectrode arrays (MEAs), offer great advantages to study function and behavior of biological cells, such as neurons, outside the complex tissue structure. Nevertheless, in vitro systems can only succeed if they represent realistic conditions such as cell organization as similarly found in tissues. In our study, we employ a co-culture system of neuron-like (SH-SY5Y) and glial-like (U-87 MG) cells with various neuron-glial ratios to model different brain regions with different cellular compositions in vitro. We find that cell behavior in terms of cellular organization, as well as proliferation, depends on neuron-glial cell ratio, as well as the underlying substrate material. In fact, nanocolumnar titanium nitride (TiN nano), which exhibits improved electric properties for neural recording on MEA, shows improved biocompatible features compared to indium tin oxide (ITO). Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments allow us to monitor cellular processes label-free in real-time over several days with multielectrode arrays. Additionally, electrochemical impedance experiments reveal superiority of TiN with nanocolumnar surface modification in comparison with ITO. TiN nano exhibits enhanced relative cell signals and improved signal-to-noise ratio, especially for smaller electrode sizes, which makes nanocolumnar TiN a promising candidate for research on neural recording and stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Abend
- Research Group Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Chelsie Steele
- Research Group Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sabine Schmidt
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Frank
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mareike Zink
- Research Group Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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20
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He L, Deng C. Recent advances in organotypic tissue slice cultures for anticancer drug development. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5885-5896. [PMID: 36263166 PMCID: PMC9576528 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.78997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Organotypic tissue slice culture is established from animal or patient tissues and cultivated in an in vitro ecosystem. This technique has made countless contributions to anticancer drug development due to the vast number of advantages, such as the preservation of the cell repertoire and immune components, identification of invasive ability of tumors, toxicity determination of compounds, quick assessment of therapeutic efficacy, and high predictive performance of drug responses. Importantly, it serves as a reliable tool to stratify therapeutic responders from nonresponders and select the optimal standard-of-care treatment regimens for personalized medicine, which is expected to become a potent platform and even the gold standard for anticancer drug screening of individualization in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Chu-Xia Deng, Ph.D. Dean and Chair Professor, E12, Room 4041, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. Phone: (853) 8822 4997; Fax: 8822 2314; E-mail:
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21
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Hörnschemeyer J, Kirschstein T, Reichart G, Sasse C, Venus J, Einsle A, Porath K, Linnebacher M, Köhling R, Lange F. Studies on Biological and Molecular Effects of Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitors on Human Glioblastoma Cells and Organotypic Brain Slices. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081258. [PMID: 36013437 PMCID: PMC9409734 DOI: 10.3390/life12081258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in several major signaling pathways—including the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR and the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway—could be found. We therefore aimed to investigate the biological and molecular effects of small-molecule kinase inhibitors that may interfere with those pathways. For this purpose, patient-derived glioblastoma cells were challenged with dactolisib, ipatasertib, MK-2206, regorafenib, or trametinib. To determine the effects of the small-molecule kinase inhibitors, assays of cell proliferation and apoptosis and immunoblot analyses were performed. To further investigate the effects of ipatasertib on organotypic brain slices harboring glioblastoma cells, the tumor growth was estimated. In addition, the network activity in brain slices was assessed by electrophysiological field potential recordings. Multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib and both MK-2206 and dactolisib were very effective in all preclinical tumor models, while with respect to trametinib, two cell lines were found to be highly resistant. Only in HROG05 cells, ipatasertib showed anti-tumoral effects in vitro and in organotypic brain slices. Additionally, ipatasertib diminished synchronous network activity in organotypic brain slices. Overall, our data suggest that ipatasertib was only effective in selected tumor models, while especially regorafenib and MK-2206 presented a uniform response pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hörnschemeyer
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Timo Kirschstein
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Gesine Reichart
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christin Sasse
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jakob Venus
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Einsle
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Katrin Porath
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Clinic for General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Falko Lange
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence:
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22
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Ivanova EL, Costa B, Eisemann T, Lohr S, Boskovic P, Eichwald V, Meckler J, Jugold M, Orian-Rousseau V, Peterziel H, Angel P. CD44 expressed by myeloid cells promotes glioma invasion. Front Oncol 2022; 12:969787. [PMID: 35992852 PMCID: PMC9386454 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and malignant brain tumors in adulthood with a median survival of only 15 months. This poor prognosis is related to GBM’s ability to extensively infiltrate the surrounding brain parenchyma resulting in diffuse spread of neoplastic cells in the brain, responsible for high rate of recurrence. CD44 (Cluster of Differentiation 44) is a transmembrane protein, overexpressed in multiple cancer types, including gliomas, and implicated in cell motility, proliferation and angiogenesis. Multiple studies have investigated the role of CD44 in GBM cells and have highlighted a link between tumor malignancy and CD44 expression. However up to date, little is known of the role of CD44 on cells from the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we have investigated a potential role of CD44 in the TME in regards to GBM invasiveness. Using an ex-vivo organotypic brain slice invasion assay, we show that absence of CD44 from the TME impairs the ability of glioma cells to invade the surrounding brain parenchyma. By deleting CD44 in the astrocytic, endothelial and myeloid compartments, we show that it is specifically CD44 expression in myeloid cells that is responsible for the observed phenotype. Combining in vivo studies in cell-specific knock-out mice and in vitro analyses on primary microglia we demonstrate that myeloid CD44 is implicated in Toll Like Receptor 2 signaling and is a major regulator of Matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina L. Ivanova
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Costa
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Eisemann
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Lohr
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavle Boskovic
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Eichwald
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Meckler
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jugold
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronique Orian-Rousseau
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Heike Peterziel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Peter Angel,
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23
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Pavlova GV, Golbin DA, Kubyshkina VE, Galkin MV, Pronin IN, Karandashov IV. [Cell cultures of human CNS tumors as in vitro model for individualized therapeutic approach]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEIROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2022; 86:84-90. [PMID: 36534628 DOI: 10.17116/neiro20228606184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell lines and cultures are widely used in biomedical research. They are excellent model systems for analysis of oncological mechanisms and understanding the biology of tumor cells. Cell cultures are used to develop and test new anticancer drugs, radiosensitizers and radiotherapy methods. Clinical application of tumor cell cultures is directly related to development of personalized medicine. Using tumor cell culture in a particular patient, physicians can select treatment considering molecular genetic characteristics of patient and tumor. In addition, it is possible to choose the optimal drug or radiotherapy regimen with obvious effectiveness in certain cell culture. This review describes the advantages of such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Pavlova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Golbin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - V E Kubyshkina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Galkin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - I N Pronin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Karandashov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Preclinical models of glioblastoma: limitations of current models and the promise of new developments. Expert Rev Mol Med 2021; 23:e20. [PMID: 34852856 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2021.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumour, yet little progress has been made towards providing better treatment options for patients diagnosed with this devastating condition over the last few decades. The complex nature of the disease, heterogeneity, highly invasive potential of GBM tumours and until recently, reduced investment in research funding compared with other cancer types, are contributing factors to few advancements in disease management. Survival rates remain low with less than 5% of patients surviving 5 years. Another important contributing factor is the use of preclinical models that fail to fully recapitulate GBM pathophysiology, preventing efficient translation from the lab into successful therapies in the clinic. This review critically evaluates current preclinical GBM models, highlighting advantages and disadvantages of using such models, and outlines several emerging techniques in GBM modelling using animal-free approaches. These novel approaches to a highly complex disease such as GBM show evidence of a more truthful recapitulation of GBM pathobiology with high reproducibility. The resulting advancements in this field will offer new biological insights into GBM and its aetiology with potential to contribute towards the development of much needed improved treatments for GBM in future.
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25
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Márquez-Ortiz RA, Contreras-Zárate MJ, Tesic V, Alvarez-Eraso KLF, Kwak G, Littrell Z, Costello JC, Sreekanth V, Ormond DR, Karam SD, Kabos P, Cittelly DM. IL13Rα2 Promotes Proliferation and Outgrowth of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6209-6221. [PMID: 34544797 PMCID: PMC8595859 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The survival of women with brain metastases (BM) from breast cancer remains very poor, with over 80% dying within a year of their diagnosis. Here, we define the function of IL13Rα2 in outgrowth of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) in vitro and in vivo, and postulate IL13Rα2 as a suitable therapeutic target for BM. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed IHC staining of IL13Rα2 in BCBM to define its prognostic value. Using inducible shRNAs in TNBC and HER2+ breast-brain metastatic models, we assessed IL13Rα2 function in vitro and in vivo. We performed RNAseq and functional studies to define the molecular mechanisms underlying IL13Rα2 function in BCBM. RESULTS High IL13Rα2 expression in BCBM predicted worse survival after BM diagnoses. IL13Rα2 was essential for cancer-cell survival, promoting proliferation while repressing invasion. IL13Rα2 KD resulted in FAK downregulation, repression of cell cycle and proliferation mediators, and upregulation of Ephrin B1 signaling. Ephrin-B1 (i) promoted invasion of BC cells in vitro, (ii) marked micrometastasis and invasive fronts in BCBM, and (iii) predicted shorter disease-free survival and BM-free survival (BMFS) in breast primary tumors known to metastasize to the brain. In experimental metastases models, which bypass early tumor invasion, downregulation of IL13Rα2 before or after tumor seeding and brain intravasation decreased BMs, suggesting that IL13Rα2 and the promotion of a proliferative phenotype is critical to BM progression. CONCLUSIONS Non-genomic phenotypic adaptations at metastatic sites are critical to BM progression and patients' prognosis. This study opens the road to use IL13Rα2 targeting as a therapeutic strategy for BM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Gina Kwak
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zachary Littrell
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Varsha Sreekanth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - D Ryan Ormond
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter Kabos
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Diana M Cittelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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26
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BEX1 and BEX4 Induce GBM Progression through Regulation of Actin Polymerization and Activation of YAP/TAZ Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189845. [PMID: 34576008 PMCID: PMC8471324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GBM is a high-grade cancer that originates from glial cells and has a poor prognosis. Although a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy is prescribed to patients, GBM is highly resistant to therapies, and surviving cells show increased aggressiveness. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying GBM progression after radiotherapy by establishing a GBM orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Based on transcriptomic analysis, we found that the expression of BEX1 and BEX4 was upregulated in GBM cells surviving radiotherapy. We also found that upregulated expression of BEX1 and BEX4 was involved in the formation of the filamentous cytoskeleton and altered mechanotransduction, which resulted in the activation of the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway. BEX1- and BEX4-mediated YAP/TAZ activation enhanced the tumor formation, growth, and radioresistance of GBM cells. Additionally, latrunculin B inhibited GBM progression after radiotherapy by suppressing actin polymerization in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Taken together, we suggest the involvement of cytoskeleton formation in radiation-induced GBM progression and latrunculin B as a GBM radiosensitizer.
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27
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Suckert T, Nexhipi S, Dietrich A, Koch R, Kunz-Schughart LA, Bahn E, Beyreuther E. Models for Translational Proton Radiobiology-From Bench to Bedside and Back. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4216. [PMID: 34439370 PMCID: PMC8395028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of proton therapy centers worldwide are increasing steadily, with more than two million cancer patients treated so far. Despite this development, pending questions on proton radiobiology still call for basic and translational preclinical research. Open issues are the on-going discussion on an energy-dependent varying proton RBE (relative biological effectiveness), a better characterization of normal tissue side effects and combination treatments with drugs originally developed for photon therapy. At the same time, novel possibilities arise, such as radioimmunotherapy, and new proton therapy schemata, such as FLASH irradiation and proton mini-beams. The study of those aspects demands for radiobiological models at different stages along the translational chain, allowing the investigation of mechanisms from the molecular level to whole organisms. Focusing on the challenges and specifics of proton research, this review summarizes the different available models, ranging from in vitro systems to animal studies of increasing complexity as well as complementing in silico approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Suckert
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sindi Nexhipi
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Dietrich
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Koch
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.K.); (E.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emanuel Bahn
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.K.); (E.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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Yamazaki S, Ueno Y, Hosoki R, Saito T, Idehara T, Yamaguchi Y, Otani C, Ogawa Y, Harata M, Hoshina H. THz irradiation inhibits cell division by affecting actin dynamics. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248381. [PMID: 34339441 PMCID: PMC8328307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological phenomena induced by terahertz (THz) irradiation are described in recent reports, but underlying mechanisms, structural and dynamical change of specific molecules are still unclear. In this paper, we performed time-lapse morphological analysis of human cells and found that THz irradiation halts cell division at cytokinesis. At the end of cytokinesis, the contractile ring, which consists of filamentous actin (F-actin), needs to disappear; however, it remained for 1 hour under THz irradiation. Induction of the functional structures of F-actin was also observed in interphase cells. Similar phenomena were also observed under chemical treatment (jasplakinolide), indicating that THz irradiation assists actin polymerization. We previously reported that THz irradiation enhances the polymerization of purified actin in vitro; our current work shows that it increases cytoplasmic F-actin in vivo. Thus, we identified one of the key biomechanisms affected by THz waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamazaki
- Terahertz Sensing and Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail: (SY); (MH); (HH)
| | - Yuya Ueno
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hosoki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Idehara
- Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui (FIR UF), Bunkyo, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yuusuke Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui (FIR UF), Bunkyo, Fukui, Japan
| | - Chiko Otani
- Terahertz Sensing and Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ogawa
- Laboratory of Bio-Sensing Engineering, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiko Harata
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail: (SY); (MH); (HH)
| | - Hiromichi Hoshina
- Terahertz Sensing and Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail: (SY); (MH); (HH)
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29
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Supadmanaba IGP, Comandatore A, Morelli L, Giovannetti E, Lagerweij T. Organotypic-liver slide culture systems to explore the role of extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer metastatic behavior and guide new therapeutic approaches. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:937-946. [PMID: 33945374 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1925646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role both in the metastatic niche formation and in the progression of several tumors, including pancreatic cancer. In particular, the effects of EVs on metastasis should be studied in model systems that take into account both the tumor cells and the metastatic site/tumor microenvironment. Studies with labeled EVs or EV-secreting cells in ex vivo models will reflect the physiological and pathological functions of EVs. The organotypic-tissue slide culture systems can fulfill such a role.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of available organotypic-culture slide systems. We specifically focus on the assay system of liver culture-slides in combination with pancreatic tumors, which can be modulated to test the efficacy of new therapeutic approaches.Expert opinion: The intercellular exchange of EVs has emerged as a biologically relevant phenomenon to drive cancer metastasis. However, further models need to be developed to better elucidate the functional roles of EVs. The use of novel organotypic slide culture systems provides the opportunity to explore the role of EVs in the metastatic behavior of pancreatic cancer, decreasing the use of costly and cumbersome organoid or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gede Putu Supadmanaba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Annalisa Comandatore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tonny Lagerweij
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Sengul E, Elitas M. Long-term migratory velocity measurements of single glioma cells using microfluidics. Analyst 2021; 146:5143-5149. [PMID: 34282810 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00817j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms enabling single-cell measurements notably contribute to the identification and observation of rare cancer cells that are involved in tumor invasion. Most aggressive, invasive, and heterogeneous glioblastoma cells cause incurable primary brain tumors. Infiltrating gliomas of a brain tumor microenvironment have been intensively studied using conventional assays. Still, quantitative, simple, and precise tools are required for long-term, steady-state migratory-velocity measurements of single glioma cells. To measure long-term velocity changes and investigate the heterogeneity of glioma cells under different growth conditions, we developed a microfluidic platform. We cultured U87 glioma cells in the microfluidic device using either regular growth medium or conditional medium composed of 50% basal medium and 50% macrophage-depleted medium. We microscopically monitored the behavior of 40 glioma cells for 5 days. Using acquired images, we calculated cellular circularity and determined the migratory velocities of glioma cells from 60 h to 120 h. The mean migratory velocity values of the glioma cells were 1.513 μm h-1 in the basal medium and 3.246 μm h-1 in the conditional medium. The circularity values of the glioma cells decreased from 0.20-0.25 to 0.15-0.20 when cultured in the conditional medium. Here, we clearly showed that the glioma cells lost their circularity and increased their steady-state velocities; in other words, they adopted an invasive glioma phenotype in the presence of macrophage-depleted medium. Besides, the heterogeneity of the circularity and the velocity of glioma cells were enhanced in the conditional medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Sengul
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
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31
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Liu H, Chen C, Zeng J, Zhao Z, Hu Q. MicroRNA-210-3p is transcriptionally upregulated by hypoxia induction and thus promoting EMT and chemoresistance in glioma cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253522. [PMID: 34197482 PMCID: PMC8248614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common and lethal form of brain cancer. It is highly malignant and is often characterized by chemoresistance and radioresistance, which are thought to mainly result from hypoxic microenvironments. Various tumour-promoting and tumour-suppressing microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in gliomas; however, it is still largely unknown how miRNAs are modified by hypoxia and subsequently affect glioma. In this study, we examined the expression of miR-210-3p, a well-characterized miRNA that responds to hypoxia in glioma cell lines. METHODS The expressions of miR-9 and miR-210-3p were analysed by using qPCR. Cell viability was measured by performing CCK-8 after eechinomycin treatment or introduction of miR-210 for 24 or 48 h. The correlation of HIF-1α expression with TGF-β were analysed using the REMBRANDT database. The biomarkers of EMT, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin, were detected by western blot. Apoptotic cell death was measured by performing Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining followed by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that miR-210-3p was induced by a mechanism dependent on the hypoxia-induced transcriptional activity of HIF-1α. Then we established a positive association between the HIF-1α and TGF-β expression levels, and miR-210-3p upregulation induced TGF-β expression, indicating that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α activity upregulated TGF-β via miR-210-3p upregulation. Hypoxia-induced miR-210-3p activity was found to promote EMT by upregulating TGF-β, which subsequently enhanced the invasive ability in U87-MG cells. We further confirmed that miR-210-3p induced chemoresistance to TMZ in U87-MG cells via TGF-β upregulation under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION These results help to reveal the potential regulatory mechanisms of hypoxia-induced miR-210-3p expression that affect malignant behaviors and chemoresistance via TGF-β upregulation in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Changjin Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (QH)
| | - Qiongying Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (QH)
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32
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Zilberman A, Cornelison RC. Microphysiological models of the central nervous system with fluid flow. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:72-83. [PMID: 34029679 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are over 1,000 described neurological and neurodegenerative disorders affecting nearly 100 million Americans - roughly one third of the U.S. population. Collectively, treatment of neurological conditions is estimated to cost $800 billion every year. Lowering this societal burden will require developing better model systems in which to study these diverse disorders. Microphysiological systems are promising tools for modeling healthy and diseased neural tissues to study mechanisms and treatment of neuropathology. One major benefit of microphysiological systems is the ability to incorporate biophysical forces, namely the forces derived from biological fluid flow. Fluid flow in the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex but important element of physiology, and pathologies as diverse as traumatic or ischemic injury, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and natural aging have all been found to alter flow pathways. In this review, we summarize recent advances in three-dimensional microphysiological systems for studying the biology and therapy of CNS disorders and highlight the ability and growing need to incorporate biological fluid flow in these miniaturized model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Zilberman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - R Chase Cornelison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
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Paolillo M, Comincini S, Schinelli S. In Vitro Glioblastoma Models: A Journey into the Third Dimension. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102449. [PMID: 34070023 PMCID: PMC8157833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, the thorny issue of glioblastoma models is addressed, with a focus on 3D in vitro models. In the first part of the manuscript, glioblastoma features and classification are recapitulated, in order to highlight the major critical aspects that should be taken into account when choosing a glioblastoma 3D model. In the second part of the review, the 3D models described in the literature are critically discussed, considering the advantages, disadvantages, and feasibility for each experimental model, in the light of the potential issues that researchers want to address. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults, with an average survival time of about one year from initial diagnosis. In the attempt to overcome the complexity and drawbacks associated with in vivo GBM models, together with the need of developing systems dedicated to screen new potential drugs, considerable efforts have been devoted to the implementation of reliable and affordable in vitro GBM models. Recent findings on GBM molecular features, revealing a high heterogeneity between GBM cells and also between other non-tumor cells belonging to the tumoral niche, have stressed the limitations of the classical 2D cell culture systems. Recently, several novel and innovative 3D cell cultures models for GBM have been proposed and implemented. In this review, we first describe the different populations and their functional role of GBM and niche non-tumor cells that could be used in 3D models. An overview of the current available 3D in vitro systems for modeling GBM, together with their major weaknesses and strengths, is presented. Lastly, we discuss the impact of groundbreaking technologies, such as bioprinting and multi-omics single cell analysis, on the future implementation of 3D in vitro GBM models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Paolillo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sergio Schinelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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Lange F, Hörnschemeyer J, Kirschstein T. Glutamatergic Mechanisms in Glioblastoma and Tumor-Associated Epilepsy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051226. [PMID: 34067762 PMCID: PMC8156732 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of glioblastomas is associated with a variety of neurological impairments, such as tumor-related epileptic seizures. Seizures are not only a common comorbidity of glioblastoma but often an initial clinical symptom of this cancer entity. Both, glioblastoma and tumor-associated epilepsy are closely linked to one another through several pathophysiological mechanisms, with the neurotransmitter glutamate playing a key role. Glutamate interacts with its ionotropic and metabotropic receptors to promote both tumor progression and excitotoxicity. In this review, based on its physiological functions, our current understanding of glutamate receptors and glutamatergic signaling will be discussed in detail. Furthermore, preclinical models to study glutamatergic interactions between glioma cells and the tumor-surrounding microenvironment will be presented. Finally, current studies addressing glutamate receptors in glioma and tumor-related epilepsy will be highlighted and future approaches to interfere with the glutamatergic network are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falko Lange
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Julia Hörnschemeyer
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Timo Kirschstein
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (T.K.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of recent updates in understanding the mechanisms by which glioblastoma cells interact with their cellular and molecular partners within the microenvironment. RECENT FINDINGS We have now a better knowledge of the cell populations involved in Glioblastoma (GBM) invasion. Recent works discovered the role of new molecular players in GBM invasion, and, most importantly, better models are emerging which better recapitulate GBM invasion. SUMMARY Invasive properties of glioblastoma make complete surgical resection impossible and highly invasive cells are responsible for tumor recurrence. In this review, we focus on recent updates describing how invasive cells progress in the surrounding tissue along brain structures. We also provide an overview of the current knowledge on key cells and molecular players within the microenvironment that contribute to the invasive process. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Gómez-Oliva R, Domínguez-García S, Carrascal L, Abalos-Martínez J, Pardillo-Díaz R, Verástegui C, Castro C, Nunez-Abades P, Geribaldi-Doldán N. Evolution of Experimental Models in the Study of Glioblastoma: Toward Finding Efficient Treatments. Front Oncol 2021; 10:614295. [PMID: 33585240 PMCID: PMC7878535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.614295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of brain tumor characterized by its resistance to conventional therapies, including temozolomide, the most widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of GBM. Within the tumor, the presence of glioma stem cells (GSC) seems to be the reason for drug resistance. The discovery of GSC has boosted the search for new experimental models to study GBM, which allow the development of new GBM treatments targeting these cells. In here, we describe different strategies currently in use to study GBM. Initial GBM investigations were focused in the development of xenograft assays. Thereafter, techniques advanced to dissociate tumor cells into single-cell suspensions, which generate aggregates referred to as neurospheres, thus facilitating their selective expansion. Concomitantly, the finding of genes involved in the initiation and progression of GBM tumors, led to the generation of mice models for the GBM. The latest advances have been the use of GBM organoids or 3D-bioprinted mini-brains. 3D bio-printing mimics tissue cytoarchitecture by combining different types of cells interacting with each other and with extracellular matrix components. These in vivo models faithfully replicate human diseases in which the effect of new drugs can easily be tested. Based on recent data from human glioblastoma, this review critically evaluates the different experimental models used in the study of GB, including cell cultures, mouse models, brain organoids, and 3D bioprinting focusing in the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to understand the mechanisms involved in the progression and treatment response of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Livia Carrascal
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Pardillo-Díaz
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Verástegui
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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Finch A, Solomou G, Wykes V, Pohl U, Bardella C, Watts C. Advances in Research of Adult Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020924. [PMID: 33477674 PMCID: PMC7831916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are the most frequent brain tumours, representing 75% of all primary malignant brain tumours in adults. Because of their locally aggressive behaviour and the fact that they cannot be cured by current therapies, they represent one of the most devastating cancers. The present review summarises recent advances in our understanding of glioma development and progression by use of various in vitro and in vivo models, as well as more complex techniques including cultures of 3D organoids and organotypic slices. We discuss the progress that has been made in understanding glioma heterogeneity, alteration in gene expression and DNA methylation, as well as advances in various in silico models. Lastly current treatment options and future clinical trials, which aim to improve early diagnosis and disease monitoring, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
| | - Georgios Solomou
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5NL, UK
| | - Victoria Wykes
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Ute Pohl
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK;
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Colin Watts
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (C.W.)
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Akter F, Simon B, de Boer NL, Redjal N, Wakimoto H, Shah K. Pre-clinical tumor models of primary brain tumors: Challenges and opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188458. [PMID: 33148506 PMCID: PMC7856042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Primary brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that originate in cells of the central nervous system. A variety of models tractable for preclinical studies have been developed to recapitulate human brain tumors, allowing us to understand the underlying pathobiology and explore potential treatments. However, many promising therapeutic strategies identified using preclinical models have shown limited efficacy or failed at the clinical trial stage. The inability to develop therapeutic strategies that significantly improve survival rates in patients highlight the compelling need to revisit the design of currently available animal models and explore the use of new models that allow us to bridge the gap between promising preclinical findings and clinical translation. In this review, we discuss current strategies used to model glioblastoma, the most malignant brain tumor in adults and highlight the shortcomings of specific models that must be circumvented for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Akter
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Brennan Simon
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Nadine Leonie de Boer
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Navid Redjal
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America.
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Wu Y, Fletcher M, Gu Z, Wang Q, Costa B, Bertoni A, Man KH, Schlotter M, Felsberg J, Mangei J, Barbus M, Gaupel AC, Wang W, Weiss T, Eils R, Weller M, Liu H, Reifenberger G, Korshunov A, Angel P, Lichter P, Herrmann C, Radlwimmer B. Glioblastoma epigenome profiling identifies SOX10 as a master regulator of molecular tumour subtype. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6434. [PMID: 33339831 PMCID: PMC7749178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma frequently exhibits therapy-associated subtype transitions to mesenchymal phenotypes with adverse prognosis. Here, we perform multi-omic profiling of 60 glioblastoma primary tumours and use orthogonal analysis of chromatin and RNA-derived gene regulatory networks to identify 38 subtype master regulators, whose cell population-specific activities we further map in published single-cell RNA sequencing data. These analyses identify the oligodendrocyte precursor marker and chromatin modifier SOX10 as a master regulator in RTK I-subtype tumours. In vitro functional studies demonstrate that SOX10 loss causes a subtype switch analogous to the proneural-mesenchymal transition observed in patients at the transcriptomic, epigenetic and phenotypic levels. SOX10 repression in an in vivo syngeneic graft glioblastoma mouse model results in increased tumour invasion, immune cell infiltration and significantly reduced survival, reminiscent of progressive human glioblastoma. These results identify SOX10 as a bona fide master regulator of the RTK I subtype, with both tumour cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Wu
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Fletcher
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zuguang Gu
- Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qi Wang
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Costa
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Bertoni
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ka-Hou Man
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Schlotter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Felsberg
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mangei
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martje Barbus
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Gaupel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology and Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Eils
- Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology and Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Haikun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit, Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 220-221, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Herrmann
- Health Data Science Unit, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Radlwimmer
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kim JH, Seo Y, Jo M, Jeon H, Kim YS, Kim EJ, Seo D, Lee WH, Kim SR, Yachie N, Zhong Q, Vidal M, Roth FP, Suk K. Interrogation of kinase genetic interactions provides a global view of PAK1-mediated signal transduction pathways. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16906-16919. [PMID: 33060198 PMCID: PMC7863907 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases are critical components of intracellular signaling pathways and have been extensively investigated with regard to their roles in cancer. p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that has been previously implicated in numerous biological processes, such as cell migration, cell cycle progression, cell motility, invasion, and angiogenesis, in glioma and other cancers. However, the signaling network linked to PAK1 is not fully defined. We previously reported a large-scale yeast genetic interaction screen using toxicity as a readout to identify candidate PAK1 genetic interactions. En masse transformation of the PAK1 gene into 4,653 homozygous diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast deletion mutants identified ∼400 candidates that suppressed yeast toxicity. Here we selected 19 candidate PAK1 genetic interactions that had human orthologs and were expressed in glioma for further examination in mammalian cells, brain slice cultures, and orthotopic glioma models. RNAi and pharmacological inhibition of potential PAK1 interactors confirmed that DPP4, KIF11, mTOR, PKM2, SGPP1, TTK, and YWHAE regulate PAK1-induced cell migration and revealed the importance of genes related to the mitotic spindle, proteolysis, autophagy, and metabolism in PAK1-mediated glioma cell migration, drug resistance, and proliferation. AKT1 was further identified as a downstream mediator of the PAK1-TTK genetic interaction. Taken together, these data provide a global view of PAK1-mediated signal transduction pathways and point to potential new drug targets for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yeojin Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Myungjin Jo
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Seop Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Donggun Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Brain Korea 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Brain Korea 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Nozomu Yachie
- Donnelly Centre and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Computer Science, University of Toronto and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quan Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Marc Vidal
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frederick P Roth
- Donnelly Centre and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Computer Science, University of Toronto and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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Klein E, Hau AC, Oudin A, Golebiewska A, Niclou SP. Glioblastoma Organoids: Pre-Clinical Applications and Challenges in the Context of Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:604121. [PMID: 33364198 PMCID: PMC7753120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.604121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors remain uniformly fatal, even with the best-to-date treatment. For Glioblastoma (GBM), the most severe form of brain cancer in adults, the median overall survival is roughly over a year. New therapeutic options are urgently needed, yet recent clinical trials in the field have been largely disappointing. This is partially due to inappropriate preclinical model systems, which do not reflect the complexity of patient tumors. Furthermore, clinically relevant patient-derived models recapitulating the immune compartment are lacking, which represents a bottleneck for adequate immunotherapy testing. Emerging 3D organoid cultures offer innovative possibilities for cancer modeling. Here, we review available GBM organoid models amenable to a large variety of pre-clinical applications including functional bioassays such as proliferation and invasion, drug screening, and the generation of patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) for validation of biological responses in vivo. We emphasize advantages and technical challenges in establishing immunocompetent ex vivo models based on co-cultures of GBM organoids and human immune cells. The latter can be isolated either from the tumor or from patient or donor blood as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We also discuss the challenges to generate GBM PDOXs based on humanized mouse models to validate efficacy of immunotherapies in vivo. A detailed characterization of such models at the cellular and molecular level is needed to understand the potential and limitations for various immune activating strategies. Increasing the availability of immunocompetent GBM models will improve research on emerging immune therapeutic approaches against aggressive brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Klein
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ann-Christin Hau
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P. Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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42
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Lovett ML, Nieland TJ, Dingle YTL, Kaplan DL. Innovations in 3-Dimensional Tissue Models of Human Brain Physiology and Diseases. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1909146. [PMID: 34211358 PMCID: PMC8240470 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
3-dimensional (3D) laboratory tissue cultures have emerged as an alternative to traditional 2-dimensional (2D) culture systems that do not recapitulate native cell behavior. The discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro tissue-cell-molecular responses impedes understanding of human physiology in general and creates roadblocks for the discovery of therapeutic solutions. Two parallel approaches have emerged for the design of 3D culture systems. The first is biomedical engineering methodology, including bioengineered materials, bioprinting, microfluidics and bioreactors, used alone or in combination, to mimic the microenvironments of native tissues. The second approach is organoid technology, in which stem cells are exposed to chemical and/or biological cues to activate differentiation programs that are reminiscent of human (prenatal) development. This review article describes recent technological advances in engineering 3D cultures that more closely resemble the human brain. The contributions of in vitro 3D tissue culture systems to new insights in neurophysiology, neurological diseases and regenerative medicine are highlighted. Perspectives on designing improved tissue models of the human brain are offered, focusing on an integrative approach merging biomedical engineering tools with organoid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Lovett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Thomas J.F. Nieland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Yu-Ting L. Dingle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
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Pasqualini C, Kozaki T, Bruschi M, Nguyen THH, Minard-Colin V, Castel D, Grill J, Ginhoux F. Modeling the Interaction between the Microenvironment and Tumor Cells in Brain Tumors. Neuron 2020; 108:1025-1044. [PMID: 33065047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable recent advances in understanding and treating many other cancers, malignant brain tumors remain associated with low survival or severe long-term sequelae. Limited progress, including development of immunotherapies, relates in part to difficulties in accurately reproducing brain microenvironment with current preclinical models. The cellular interactions among resident microglia, recruited tumor-associated macrophages, stromal cells, glial cells, neurons, and cancer cells and how they affect tumor growth or behavior are emerging, yet many questions remain. The role of the blood-brain barrier, extracellular matrix components, and heterogeneity among tumor types and within different regions of a single tumor further complicate the matter. Here, we focus on brain microenvironment features impacted by tumor biology. We also discuss limits of current preclinical models and how complementary models, such as humanized animals and organoids, will allow deeper mechanistic insights on cancer biology, allowing for more efficient testing of therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy, for brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pasqualini
- Children and Adolescent Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Tatsuya Kozaki
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marco Bruschi
- Genomics & Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Thi Hai Hoa Nguyen
- Genomics & Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Véronique Minard-Colin
- Children and Adolescent Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - David Castel
- Genomics & Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Jacques Grill
- Children and Adolescent Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France; Genomics & Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
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44
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Soubéran A, Tchoghandjian A. Practical Review on Preclinical Human 3D Glioblastoma Models: Advances and Challenges for Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092347. [PMID: 32825103 PMCID: PMC7563542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifteen years after the establishment of the Stupp protocol as the standard of care to treat glioblastomas, no major clinical advances have been achieved and increasing patient’s overall survival remains a challenge. Nevertheless, crucial molecular and cellular findings revealed the intra-tumoral and inter-tumoral complexities of these incurable brain tumors, and the essential role played by cells of the microenvironment in the lack of treatment efficacy. Taking this knowledge into account, fulfilling gaps between preclinical models and clinical samples is necessary to improve the successful rate of clinical trials. Since the beginning of the characterization of brain tumors initiated by Bailey and Cushing in the 1920s, several glioblastoma models have been developed and improved. In this review, we focused on the most widely used 3D human glioblastoma models, including spheroids, tumorospheres, organotypic slices, explants, tumoroids and glioblastoma-derived from cerebral organoids. We discuss their history, development and especially their usefulness.
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45
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Abstract
Brain tumors' severity ranges from benign to highly aggressive and invasive. Bioengineering tools can assist in understanding the pathophysiology of these tumors from outside the body and facilitate development of suitable antitumoral treatments. Here, we first describe the physiology and cellular composition of brain tumors. Then, we discuss the development of three-dimensional tissue models utilizing brain tumor cells. In particular, we highlight the role of hydrogels in providing a biomimetic support for the cells to grow into defined structures. Microscale technologies, such as electrospinning and bioprinting, and advanced cellular models aim to mimic the extracellular matrix and natural cellular localization in engineered tumor tissues. Lastly, we review current applications and prospects of hydrogels for therapeutic purposes, such as drug delivery and co-administration with other therapies. Through further development, hydrogels can serve as a reliable option for in vitro modeling and treatment of brain tumors for translational medicine.
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46
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Suckert T, Rassamegevanon T, Müller J, Dietrich A, Graja A, Reiche M, Löck S, Krause M, Beyreuther E, von Neubeck C. Applying Tissue Slice Culture in Cancer Research-Insights from Preclinical Proton Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1589. [PMID: 32560230 PMCID: PMC7352770 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge in cancer research is the definition of reproducible, reliable, and practical models, which reflect the effects of complex treatment modalities and the heterogeneous response of patients. Proton beam radiotherapy (PBRT), relative to conventional photon-based radiotherapy, offers the potential for iso-effective tumor control, while protecting the normal tissue surrounding the tumor. However, the effects of PBRT on the tumor microenvironment and the interplay with newly developed chemo- and immunotherapeutic approaches are still open for investigation. This work evaluated thin-cut tumor slice cultures (TSC) of head and neck cancer and organotypic brain slice cultures (OBSC) of adult mice brain, regarding their relevance for translational radiooncology research. TSC and OBSC were treated with PBRT and investigated for cell survival with a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, DNA repair via the DNA double strand break marker γH2AX, as well as histology with regards to morphology. Adult OBSC failed to be an appropriate model for radiobiological research questions. However, histological analysis of TSC showed DNA damage and tumor morphological results, comparable to known in vivo and in vitro data, making them a promising model to study novel treatment approaches in patient-derived xenografts or primary tumor material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Suckert
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.R.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (J.M.); (M.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Treewut Rassamegevanon
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.R.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (J.M.); (M.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Johannes Müller
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (J.M.); (M.R.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Dietrich
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.R.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (J.M.); (M.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Antonia Graja
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.R.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (J.M.); (M.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Michael Reiche
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (J.M.); (M.R.); (E.B.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Löck
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.R.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (J.M.); (M.R.); (E.B.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.R.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (J.M.); (M.R.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (J.M.); (M.R.); (E.B.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cläre von Neubeck
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.R.); (A.D.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (J.M.); (M.R.); (E.B.)
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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47
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Ma D, Hou L, Xia H, Li H, Fan H, Jia X, Niu Z. PER2 inhibits proliferation and stemness of glioma stem cells via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:533-542. [PMID: 32468039 PMCID: PMC7336516 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly malignant tumor that contains stem‑like cells known as glioma stem cells (GSCs), which lare associated with an increased risk of glioma occurrence, recurrence and poor prognosis. Circadian clock gene, period circadian clock 2 (PER2) expression has been revealed to be inhibited in various types of cancer. However, the precise role and potential mechanisms of PER2 in GSCs remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that PER2 mRNA and protein expression was downregulated in GSCs compared with non‑stem glioma cells, which indicated that PER2 could be involved in the malignant process of glioma. Furthermore, functional studies revealed that PER2 overexpression could induce GSC arrest at the G0/G1 phase and suppress their proliferation, stemness and invasion ability in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway was identified as the target of PER2 in GSCs. These results indicated that PER2 plays a critical role in regulating the stemness of GSCs and provides a novel therapeutic target to overcome the effects of GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dede Ma
- Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Li Hou
- Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hechun Xia
- Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Heng Fan
- Institute of Human Stem Cells, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiong Jia
- Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zhanfeng Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
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48
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Eisemann T, Costa B, Harter PN, Wick W, Mittelbronn M, Angel P, Peterziel H. Podoplanin expression is a prognostic biomarker but may be dispensable for the malignancy of glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:326-336. [PMID: 30418623 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options of glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain tumor with frequent relapses and high mortality, are still very limited, urgently calling for novel therapeutic targets. Expression of the glycoprotein podoplanin correlates with poor prognosis in various cancer entities, including glioblastoma. Furthermore, podoplanin has been associated with tumor cell migration and proliferation in vitro; however, experimental data on its function in gliomagenesis in vivo are still missing. Hence, we have functionally investigated the impact of podoplanin on glioblastoma in a preclinical mouse model to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. METHODS Fluorescence activated cell sorting, genome-wide expression analysis, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)-mediated deletion of podoplanin in patient-derived human glioblastoma cells were combined with organotypic brain slice cultures and intracranial injections into mice. RESULTS We defined a malignant gene signature in tumor cells with high podoplanin expression. The increase and/or maintenance of high podoplanin expression in serial transplantations and in podoplaninlow-sorted glioblastoma cells during outgrowth indicated the association of high podoplanin expression and poor outcome. Unexpectedly, similar rates of proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion were observed in control and podoplanin-deleted tumors. Accordingly, neither tumor growth nor survival was affected upon podoplanin loss. CONCLUSION We report that tumor progression occurs independently of podoplanin. Thus, in contrast to previous suggestions, blocking of podoplanin does not represent a promising therapeutic approach. However, as podoplanin is associated with tumor aggressiveness and progression, we propose the cell surface protein as a biomarker for poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Eisemann
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Costa
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg.,Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Peterziel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK)
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49
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Dundar B, Markwell SM, Sharma NV, Olson CL, Mukherjee S, Brat DJ. Methods for in vitro modeling of glioma invasion: Choosing tools to meet the need. Glia 2020; 68:2173-2191. [PMID: 32134155 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Widespread tumor cell invasion is a fundamental property of diffuse gliomas and is ultimately responsible for their poor prognosis. A greater understanding of basic mechanisms underlying glioma invasion is needed to provide insights into therapies that could potentially counteract them. While none of the currently available in vitro models can fully recapitulate the complex interactions of glioma cells within the brain tumor microenvironment, if chosen and developed appropriately, these models can provide controlled experimental settings to study molecular and cellular phenomena that are challenging or impossible to model in vivo. Therefore, selecting the most appropriate in vitro model, together with its inherent advantages and limitations, for specific hypotheses and experimental questions achieves primary significance. In this review, we describe and discuss commonly used methods for modeling and studying glioma invasion in vitro, including platforms, matrices, cell culture, and visualization techniques, so that choices for experimental approach are informed and optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Dundar
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Steven M Markwell
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nitya V Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cheryl L Olson
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Subhas Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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50
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Du L, Xing Z, Tao B, Li T, Yang D, Li W, Zheng Y, Kuang C, Yang Q. Both IDO1 and TDO contribute to the malignancy of gliomas via the Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:10. [PMID: 32296044 PMCID: PMC7033114 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) initiate the first step of the kynurenine pathway (KP), leading to the transformation of L-tryptophan (Trp) into L-kynurenine (Kyn) and other downstream metabolites. Kyn is known as an endogenous ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Activation of AhR through TDO-derived Kyn is a novel mechanism to support tumor growth in gliomas. However, the role of IDO1 and IDO2 in this mechanism is still unknown. Herein, by using clinical samples, we found that the expression and activity of IDO1 and/or TDO (IDO1/TDO) rather than IDO2 were positively correlated with the pathologic grades of gliomas. The expression of IDO1/TDO rather than IDO2 was positively correlated with the Ki67 index and overall survival. The expression of IDO1/TDO was positively correlated with the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4), implying the potential involvement of IDO1/TDO in glioma cell motility. Mechanistically, we found that IDO1/TDO accounted for the release of Kyn, which activated AhR to promote cell motility via the Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway in U87MG glioma cells. RY103, an IDO1/TDO dual inhibitor, could block the IDO1/TDO-Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway and exert anti-glioma effects in GL261 orthotopic glioma mice. Together, our results showed that the IDO1/TDO-Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway is a new mechanism underlying the malignancy of gliomas, and suggest that both IDO1 and TDO might be valuable therapeutic targets for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zikang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Bangbao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Weirui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuanting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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