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Xiao D, Xiong M, Wang X, Lyu M, Sun H, Cui Y, Chen C, Jiang Z, Sun F. Regulation of the Function and Expression of EpCAM. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1129. [PMID: 38791091 PMCID: PMC11117676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a single transmembrane protein on the cell surface. Given its strong expression on epithelial cells and epithelial cell-derived tumors, EpCAM has been identified as a biomarker for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes and a target for cancer therapy. As a cell adhesion molecule, EpCAM has a crystal structure that indicates that it forms a cis-dimer first and then probably a trans-tetramer to mediate intercellular adhesion. Through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), EpCAM and its proteolytic fragments are also able to regulate multiple signaling pathways, Wnt signaling in particular. Although great progress has been made, increasingly more findings have revealed the context-specific expression and function patterns of EpCAM and their regulation processes, which necessitates further studies to determine the structure, function, and expression of EpCAM under both physiological and pathological conditions, broadening its application in basic and translational cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiao
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Mingrui Xiong
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Mengqing Lyu
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Hanxiang Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yeting Cui
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Fan Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
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Pallares-Rusiñol A, Bernuz M, Moura SL, Fernández-Senac C, Rossi R, Martí M, Pividori MI. Advances in exosome analysis. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 112:69-117. [PMID: 36642486 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is growing demand for novel biomarkers that detect early stage disease as well as monitor clinical management and therapeutic strategies. Exosome analysis could provide the next advance in attaining that goal. Exosomes are membrane encapsulated biologic nanometric-sized particles of endocytic origin which are released by all cell types. Unfortunately, exosomes are exceptionally challenging to characterize with current technologies. Exosomes are between 30 and 200nm in diameter, a size that makes them out of the sensitivity range to most cell-oriented sorting or analysis platforms, i.e., traditional flow cytometers. The most common methods for targeting exosomes to date typically involve purification followed by the characterization and the specific determination of their cargo. The whole procedure is time consuming, requiring thus skilled personnel as well as laboratory facilities and benchtop instrumentation. The most relevant methodology for exosome isolation, characterization and quantification is addressed in this chapter, including the most up-to-date approaches to explore the potential usefulness of exosomes as biomarkers in liquid biopsies and in advanced nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Pallares-Rusiñol
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mireia Bernuz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Silio Lima Moura
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carolina Fernández-Senac
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosanna Rossi
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mercè Martí
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Isabel Pividori
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Castellón EA, Indo S, Contreras HR. Cancer Stemness/Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Axis Influences Metastasis and Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314917. [PMID: 36499245 PMCID: PMC9736174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death in men, worldwide. Mortality is highly related to metastasis and hormone resistance, but the molecular underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We have studied the presence and role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PCa, using both in vitro and in vivo models, thereby providing evidence that the stemness-mesenchymal axis seems to be a critical process related to relapse, metastasis and resistance. These are complex and related processes that involve a cooperative action of different cancer cell subpopulations, in which CSCs and mesenchymal cancer cells (MCCs) would be responsible for invading, colonizing pre-metastatic niches, initiating metastasis and an evading treatments response. Manipulating the stemness-EMT axis genes on the androgen receptor (AR) may shed some light on the effect of this axis on metastasis and castration resistance in PCa. It is suggested that the EMT gene SNAI2/Slug up regulates the stemness gene Sox2, and vice versa, inducing AR expression, promoting metastasis and castration resistance. This approach will provide new sight about the role of the stemness-mesenchymal axis in the metastasis and resistance mechanisms in PCa and their potential control, contributing to develop new therapeutic strategies for patients with metastatic and castration-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique A. Castellón
- Correspondence: (E.A.C.); (H.R.C.); Tel.: +56-229-786-863 (E.A.C.); +56-229-786-862 (H.R.C.)
| | | | - Héctor R. Contreras
- Correspondence: (E.A.C.); (H.R.C.); Tel.: +56-229-786-863 (E.A.C.); +56-229-786-862 (H.R.C.)
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Understanding the versatile roles and applications of EpCAM in cancers: from bench to bedside. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:97. [PMID: 36369033 PMCID: PMC9650829 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) functions not only in physiological processes but also participates in the development and progression of cancer. In recent decades, extensive efforts have been made to decipher the role of EpCAM in cancers. Great advances have been achieved in elucidating its structure, molecular functions, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical applications. Beyond its well-recognized role as a biomarker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) or circulating tumor cells (CTCs), EpCAM exhibits novel and promising value in targeted therapy. At the same time, the roles of EpCAM in cancer progression are found to be highly context-dependent and even contradictory in some cases. The versatile functional modules of EpCAM and its communication with other signaling pathways complicate the study of this molecule. In this review, we start from the structure of EpCAM and focus on communication with other signaling pathways. The impacts on the biology of cancers and the up-to-date clinical applications of EpCAM are also introduced and summarized, aiming to shed light on the translational prospects of EpCAM.
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Single-cell transcriptome reveals cellular hierarchies and guides p-EMT-targeted trial in skull base chordoma. Cell Discov 2022; 8:94. [PMID: 36127333 PMCID: PMC9489773 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Skull base chordoma (SBC) is a bone cancer with a high recurrence rate, high radioresistance rate, and poorly understood mechanism. Here, we profiled the transcriptomes of 90,691 single cells, revealed the SBC cellular hierarchies, and explored novel treatment targets. We identified a cluster of stem-like SBC cells that tended to be distributed in the inferior part of the tumor. Combining radiated UM-Chor1 RNA-seq data and in vitro validation, we further found that this stem-like cell cluster is marked by cathepsin L (CTSL), a gene involved in the packaging of telomere ends, and may be responsible for radioresistance. Moreover, signatures related to partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (p-EMT) were found to be significant in malignant cells and were related to the invasion and poor prognosis of SBC. Furthermore, YL-13027, a p-EMT inhibitor that acts through the TGF-β signaling pathway, demonstrated remarkable potency in inhibiting the invasiveness of SBC in preclinical models and was subsequently applied in a phase I clinical trial that enrolled three SBC patients. Encouragingly, YL-13027 attenuated the growth of SBC and achieved stable disease with no serious adverse events, underscoring the clinical potential for the precision treatment of SBC with this therapy. In summary, we conducted the first single-cell RNA sequencing of SBC and identified several targets that could be translated to the treatment of SBC.
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Barzaman K, Vafaei R, Samadi M, Kazemi MH, Hosseinzadeh A, Merikhian P, Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Eisavand MR, Dinvari H, Farahmand L. Anti-cancer therapeutic strategies based on HGF/MET, EpCAM, and tumor-stromal cross talk. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 35986321 PMCID: PMC9389806 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As an intelligent disease, tumors apply several pathways to evade the immune system. It can use alternative routes to bypass intracellular signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Wnt, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Therefore, these mechanisms lead to therapeutic resistance in cancer. Also, these pathways play important roles in the proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of cells. In most cancers, these signaling pathways are overactivated, caused by mutation, overexpression, etc. Since numerous molecules share these signaling pathways, the identification of key molecules is crucial to achieve favorable consequences in cancer therapy. One of the key molecules is the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET; c-Met) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Another molecule is the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which its binding is hemophilic. Although both of them are involved in many physiologic processes (especially in embryonic stages), in some cancers, they are overexpressed on epithelial cells. Since they share intracellular pathways, targeting them simultaneously may inhibit substitute pathways that tumor uses to evade the immune system and resistant to therapeutic agents.
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Chandran E, Meininger L, Karzai F, Madan RA. Signaling new therapeutic opportunities: cytokines in prostate cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:1233-1243. [PMID: 35930001 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2108701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite FDA approval of sipuleucel-T in 2010, endeavors to use immune checkpoint inhibitors in unselected prostate cancer patients have not improved clinical outcomes. These efforts include studies with anti-PD1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 alone and in combination with existing standards of care. These strategies are generally T-cell centric and disregard the broader complex and pleiotropic components of the prostate cancer tumor microenvironment such as natural killer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor associated macrophages. AREAS COVERED We performed an online literature search and undertook a review of existing pre-clinical and clinical literature for cytokine-based therapy relating to prostate cancer, specifically on interleukin (IL)-2, IL-15, IL-12, IL-23, IL-8 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. EXPERT OPINION Cytokine-based therapies present an alternative immune strategy to target the pleiotropic prostate cancer tumor microenvironment beyond T-cells. Future immunotherapy strategies in prostate cancer should address these immune cell populations which may play more important roles in the prostate cancer tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Chandran
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luke Meininger
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fatima Karzai
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Hebert KA, Bonnen MD, Ghebre YT. Proton pump inhibitors and sensitization of cancer cells to radiation therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:937166. [PMID: 35992826 PMCID: PMC9388769 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.937166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article outlines six molecular pathways that confer resistance of cancer cells to ionizing radiation, and describes how proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may be used to overcome radioresistance induced by alteration of one or more of these signaling pathways. The inflammatory, adaptive, hypoxia, DNA damage repair, cell adhesion, and developmental pathways have all been linked to the resistance of cancer cells to ionizing radiation. Here we describe the molecular link between alteration of these pathways in cancer cells and development of resistance to ionizing radiation, and discuss emerging data on the use of PPIs to favorably modify one or more components of these pathways to sensitize cancer cells to ionizing radiation. Understanding the relationship between altered signaling pathways, radioresistance, and biological activity of PPIs may serve as a basis to repurpose PPIs to restore key biological processes that are involved in cancer progression and to sensitize cancer cells to radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassidy A. Hebert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mark D. Bonnen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yohannes T. Ghebre
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Yohannes T. Ghebre,
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Liao Y, Wu M, Jia Y, Mou R, Li X. EpCAM as a Novel Biomarker for Survivals in Prostate Cancer Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:843604. [PMID: 35517503 PMCID: PMC9065552 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.843604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the insufficient understanding of the biological mechanisms, the improvement of therapeutic effects of prostate cancer (PCa) is limited. There is an urgent need to find the molecular mechanisms and underlying PCa to improve its early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Methods: The mRNA expression profiles, survival and methylation data of PRAD were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were performed by R software. Subsequently, we identified the key gene and validated its prognostic role from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, UALCAN and the LinkedOmics database. We performd correlation analysis and constructed the ceRNA network based on the data obtained from miRbase and starBase. Finally, we performed methylation analysis and evaluated the immune cell infiltration by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Results: A total of 567 DEGs were identified in PCa. ARHGEF38, SLPI, EpCAM, C1QTNF1, and HBB were regarded as target genes related to favorable overall survival (OS). Among them, EpCAM was considered as the most significant gene through the HPA database and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A prognostic ceRNA network was constructed with EBLN3P, miR-204-5p, and EpCAM. EpCAM was found to be related to DNA methylation and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Conclusion: Our findings provide novel insights into the tumorigenesis mechanism of PCa and contribute to the development of EpCAM as a potential prognostic biomarker in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liao
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingxin Wu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiyu Mou
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojiang Li,
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Perera MP, Thomas PB, Risbridger GP, Taylor R, Azad A, Hofman MS, Williams ED, Vela I. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030503. [PMID: 35158771 PMCID: PMC8833489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers amongst men worldwide. Treatment for metastatic disease is often in the form of androgen deprivation therapy. However, over the course of treatment affected men may become castrate-resistant. Options for men with metastatic castrate-resistant cancer are limited. This review focuses on the role of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. This review is a contemporary appraisal of preclinical and clinical studies conducted in this emerging form of immunotherapy. A thorough evaluation of the role of CAR-T therapy in prostate cancer is provided, as well as the obstacles we must overcome to clinically translate this therapy for men affected with this rapidly fatal disease. Abstract Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed solid-organ cancer amongst males worldwide. Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a rapidly fatal end-sequelae of prostate cancer. Therapeutic options for men with mCRPC are limited and are not curative in nature. The recent development of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionised the treatment of treatment-resistant haematological malignancies, and several studies are underway investigating the utility of this technology in the treatment of solid tumours. In this review, we evaluate the current treatment options for men with mCRPC as well as the current landscape of preclinical and clinical trials of CAR-T cell therapy against prostate cancer. We also appraise the various prostate cancer-specific tumour-associated antigens that may be targeted by CAR-T cell technology. Finally, we examine the potential translational barriers of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumours. Despite preclinical success, preliminary clinical trials in men with prostate cancer have had limited efficacy. Therefore, further clinically translatable preclinical models are required to enhance the understanding of the role of this investigational therapeutic in men with mCRPC. In the era of precision medicine, tailored immunotherapy administered to men in a tumour-agnostic approach provides hope to a group of men who otherwise have few treatment options available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasha P.J. Perera
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (P.B.T.); (E.D.W.)
- Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.P.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Patrick B. Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (P.B.T.); (E.D.W.)
- Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Gail P. Risbridger
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (G.P.R.); (R.T.)
| | - Renea Taylor
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (G.P.R.); (R.T.)
| | - Arun Azad
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.A.); (M.S.H.)
| | - Michael S. Hofman
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.A.); (M.S.H.)
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (P.B.T.); (E.D.W.)
- Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (P.B.T.); (E.D.W.)
- Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.P.P.); (I.V.)
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Yuan D, Zou Z, Li X, Cheng N, Guo N, Sun G, Liu D. A new side-effect of sufentanil: increased monocyte-endothelial adhesion. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:267. [PMID: 34732147 PMCID: PMC8565079 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioids have been identified by the World Health Organization to be 'indispensable for the relief of pain and suffering'. Side-effects, such as nausea, vomiting, postoperative delirium, and effects on breathing, of opioids have been well investigated; however, the influence of opioids on monocyte-endothelial adherence has never been reported. Therefore, we explored the effects of representative opioids, fentanyl, sufentanil, and remifentanil, on monocyte-endothelial adherence and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We built a cell adhesion model with U937 monocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Two kinds of connexin43 (Cx43) channel inhibitors, 18-α-GA and Gap 27, were used to alter Cx43 channel function in U937 monocytes and HUVECs, respectively, to determine the effects of Cx43 channels on U937-HUVEC adhesion. Subsequently, the effects of fentanyl, sufentanil and remifentanil on Cx43 channel function and U937-HUVEC adhesion were explored. RESULTS When fentanyl, sufentanil and remifentanil acted on monocytes or endothelial cells, their effects on monocyte-endothelial adherence differed. When acting on U937 monocytes, sufentanil significantly increased U937-HUVEC adhesion which was associated with reduced release of ATP from Cx43 channels, while fentanyl and remifentanil did not have these influences. Although sufentanil could also inhibit Cx43 channel function in HUVECs, it had no effect on ATP release from HUVECs or U937-HUVECs adhesion. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that sufentanil application increases monocyte-endothelial adherence which was associated with reduced release of ATP from Cx43 channels in monocytes. This side-effect of sufentanil should be considered seriously by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen university, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaowei Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianlong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen university, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen university, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen university, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen university, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen university, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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Deyev SM, Xu T, Liu Y, Schulga A, Konovalova E, Garousi J, Rinne SS, Larkina M, Ding H, Gräslund T, Orlova A, Tolmachev V, Vorobyeva A. Influence of the Position and Composition of Radiometals and Radioiodine Labels on Imaging of Epcam Expression in Prostate Cancer Model Using the DARPin Ec1. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143589. [PMID: 34298801 PMCID: PMC8304184 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastasis-targeting therapy might improve outcomes in oligometastatic prostate cancer. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in 40–60% of prostate cancer cases and might be used as a target for specific delivery of toxins and drugs. Radionuclide molecular imaging could enable non-invasive detection of EpCAM and stratification of patients for targeted therapy. Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) are scaffold proteins, which can be selected for specific binding to different targets. The DARPin Ec1 binds strongly to EpCAM. To determine an optimal design of Ec1-based probes, we labeled Ec1 at two different positions with four different nuclides (68Ga, 111In, 57Co and 125I) and investigated the impact on Ec1 biodistribution. We found that the C-terminus is the best position for labeling and that 111In and 125I provide the best imaging contrast. This study might be helpful for scientists developing imaging probes based on scaffold proteins. Abstract The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is intensively overexpressed in 40–60% of prostate cancer (PCa) cases and can be used as a target for the delivery of drugs and toxins. The designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) Ec1 has a high affinity to EpCAM (68 pM) and a small size (18 kDa). Radiolabeled Ec1 might be used as a companion diagnostic for the selection of PCa patients for therapy. The study aimed to investigate the influence of radiolabel position (N- or C-terminal) and composition on the targeting and imaging properties of Ec1. Two variants, having an N- or C-terminal cysteine, were produced, site-specifically conjugated to a DOTA chelator and labeled with cobalt-57, gallium-68 or indium-111. Site-specific radioiodination was performed using ((4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl)maleimide (HPEM). Biodistribution of eight radiolabeled Ec1-probes was measured in nude mice bearing PCa DU145 xenografts. In all cases, positioning of a label at the C-terminus provided the best tumor-to-organ ratios. The non-residualizing [125I]I-HPEM label provided the highest tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-bone ratios and is more suitable for EpCAM imaging in early-stage PCa. Among the radiometals, indium-111 provided the highest tumor-to-blood, tumor-to-lung and tumor-to-liver ratios and could be used at late-stage PCa. In conclusion, label position and composition are important for the DARPin Ec1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M. Deyev
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (S.M.D.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (A.V.)
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- Bio-Nanophotonic Lab., Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Alexey Schulga
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (S.M.D.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (A.V.)
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Konovalova
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Javad Garousi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 17 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.D.); (T.G.)
| | - Sara S. Rinne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Maria Larkina
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (S.M.D.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (A.V.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Siberian State Medical University (SSMU), 2, Moscow Trakt, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Haozhong Ding
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 17 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.D.); (T.G.)
| | - Torbjörn Gräslund
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 17 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.D.); (T.G.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (S.M.D.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (A.V.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (S.M.D.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (A.V.)
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (S.M.D.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (A.V.)
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
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13
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Lim JR, Mouawad J, Gorton OK, Bubb WA, Kwan AH. Cancer stem cell characteristics and their potential as therapeutic targets. Med Oncol 2021; 38:76. [PMID: 34050825 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a tumour subpopulation whose capacity for self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation generates unfavourable patient outcomes, including therapeutic resistance and metastasis. Much research has focused on the generation, biomarkers and therapeutic resistance of CSCs, as well as the development of CSC-targeted therapies. Reviews to date have either addressed general CSC characteristics or focused on CSCs from a well-studied cancer. Increasingly, specific treatment plans based on identification of molecular features and biomarkers of a patient's cancer, rather than classification according to tissue origin or bulk tumour properties, are leading to better patient outcomes. Here, we compare CSC characteristics, specifically their biomarkers and molecular features, and identify those that are common to a number of cancers. Identification of CSC markers that suggest therapeutic strategies has led to several successful in vitro and animal tests, recommending clinical trials of treatments with potentially enhanced therapeutic benefits, especially for recurring cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ann H Kwan
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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14
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Antiproliferative and antimetastatic characterization of an exo-heterocyclic androstane derivative against human breast cancer cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111728. [PMID: 34020244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer in general, and specifically gynaecological neoplasms, represents a major public health issue worldwide. Based on the effect of sex hormones on breast tumorigenesis and prognosis, as well as on the development of breast cancer metastases, modification of the steroid skeleton is a hotspot of research for novel anticancer agents. Numerous recent studies support that minor modifications of the androstane skeleton yield potent antiproliferative and antimetastatic drug candidates. The aim of the present study was to assess the antitumor and antimetastatic properties, as well as the mechanism of action of a D-ring-modified exo-heterocyclic androstadiene derivative named 17APAD. The test compound was found to be highly selective towards human breast cancer-derived cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-361, MDA-MB-231) compared to non-cancerous fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3), and exerted superior effect compared to the clinically applied reference drug cisplatin. Changes in MCF-7- and MDA-MB-231 cell morphology and membrane integrity induced by the test substance were assessed by fluorescent double staining. Cell cycle disturbances were analyzed by flow cytometry, and concentration-dependent alterations were detected on breast cancer cell lines. Mitochondrial apoptosis induced by the test compound was demonstrated by JC-1 staining. Inhibitory effects on metastasis formation, including the inhibition of migration, invasion and intravasation were investigated in 2D and 3D models. Significant anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were detected after 24 h exposure in 2D wound healing and Boyden-chamber assays. The anti-intravasative properties of 17APAD were evident after 4 h of incubation in a co-culture 3D circular chemorepellent-induced defects (CCID) assay, and the level of inhibition at concentrations ≥2 µM was comparable to that exerted by the focal adhesion kinase inhibitor defactinib. Single cell mass cytometry revealed that chemosensitive subpopulations of MDA-MB-231 cells engaged to apoptosis were less positive for EGFR, CD274, and CD326, while the percentage of cells positive for GLUT1, MCT4, Pan-Keratin, CD66(a,c,e), Galectin-3 and TMEM45A increased in response to 17APAD treatment. Finally, the novel androstane analogue 17APAD had an outstanding inhibitory effect on tumour growth in the 4T1 orthotopic murine breast cancer model in vivo after 2 weeks of intraperitoneal administration. These findings support that substitution of the androsta-5,16-diene framework with a N-containing heterocyclic moiety at C17 position yields a molecular entity rational to be considered for design and synthesis of novel, effective antitumor agents, and 17APAD is worth further investigation as a promising anticancer drug candidate.
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Shi RZ, He YF, Wen J, Niu YN, Gao Y, Liu LH, Zhang XP, Wang Y, Zhang XL, Zhang HF, Chen M, Hu XL. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule promotes breast cancer resistance protein-mediated multidrug resistance in breast cancer by inducing partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1644-1653. [PMID: 33760350 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) plays a crucial role in the acquired multidrug resistance (MDR) in breast cancer. The elucidation of molecular events that confer BCRP-mediated MDR is of major therapeutic importance in breast cancer. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has been implicated in tumor progression and drug resistance in various types of cancers, including breast cancer. However, the role of EpCAM in BCRP-mediated MDR in breast cancer remains unknown. In the present study, we revealed that EpCAM expression was upregulated in BCRP-overexpressing breast cancer MCF-7/MX cells, and EpCAM knockdown using siRNA reduced BCRP expression and increased the sensitivity of MCF-7/MX cells to mitoxantrone (MX). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promoted BCRP-mediated MDR in breast cancer cells, and EpCAM knockdown partially suppressed EMT progression in MCF-7/MX cells. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated in MCF-7/MX cells, and the inhibition of this signaling attenuated EpCAM and BCRP expression and partially reversed EMT. Together, this study illustrates that EpCAM upregulation by Wnt/β-catenin signaling induces partial EMT to promote BCRP-mediated MDR resistance in breast cancer cells. EpCAM may be a potential therapeutic target for overcoming BCRP-mediated resistance in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi-Fan He
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya-Nan Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lin-Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuan-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiu-Li Zhang
- Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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16
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Yu L, Guo QM, Wang Y, Xu Y, Liu L, Zhang XT. EpCAM expression in esophageal cancer and its correlation with immunotherapy of solitomab. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2404-2413. [PMID: 34012588 PMCID: PMC8107559 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Recurrence of esophageal cancer (EC) after chemotherapy may mainly be explained by the existence of chemotherapy-resistant cells, and an effective drug against chemotherapy-resistant cells is highly sought. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of bispecific antibody solitomab combined with γ δ T cells on Eca109 cell spheres. Methods We cultured Eca109 cell spheres in serum-free medium, and the morphological differences between wild-type Eca109 cells and Eca109 cell spheres were compared by microscope and flow cytometry. Different concentrations of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (Nab-PTX) and cisplatin were used to treat the two groups of cells and compare their drug resistance. Flow cytometry was then used to detect the expression level of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and the cytotoxicity of γ δ T cells combined with bispecific antibody solitomab on the two groups. Results Flow cytometry analysis showed that Eca109 cell spheres were smaller in size and had less cytoplasmic granules and CCK-8 assay showed that the viability of Eca109 cell spheres treated with different concentrations of Nab-PTX and cisplatin was significantly higher than that of wild-type Eca109 cells (P<0.05). Flow cytometry also showed that the expression level of EpCAM on Eca109 cell spheres was higher than that of wild-type Eca109 cells. Co-culture experiment showed that there was no significant difference in the cytotoxicity of γ δ T cells to wild-type Eca109 cells and Eca109 cell spheres without solitomab. However, after adding solitomab, the cytotoxicity of γ δ T cells to Eca109 cell spheres was significantly higher than that of wild-type Eca109 cells (P<0.05). Conclusions EC Eca109 cell spheres have strong stem cell characteristics such as multidrug resistance and may contain a high proportion of EC stem cells. Further, EC Eca109 cell spheres have a high expression level of EpCAM, and EpCAM may be one of the markers of EC stem cells. Therefore, EpCAM could be used as a potential molecular target of immunotherapy for EC, and solitomab may become an effective immunotherapeutic drug for chemotherapy-resistant EC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Department of Stereotactic Radiotherapy, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing-Ming Guo
- Biotherapy Center, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Stereotactic Radiotherapy, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Stereotactic Radiotherapy, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Stereotactic Radiotherapy, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Zhang
- Department of Stereotactic Radiotherapy, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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17
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Cho EJ, Kim JK, Baek HJ, Kim SE, Park EJ, Choi BK, Kim TH, Shin DH, Lim YK, Deng CX, Kim SS. Preclinical evaluation of radiation therapy of BRCA1-associated mammary tumors using a mouse model. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:689-701. [PMID: 33767581 PMCID: PMC7975707 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.53667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although germline mutations in BRCA1 highly predispose women towards breast and ovarian cancer, few substantial improvements in preventing or treating such cancers have been made. Importantly, BRCA1 function is closely associated with DNA damage repair, which is required for genetic stability. Here, we examined the efficacy of radiotherapy, assessing the accumulation of genetic instabilities, in the treatment of BRCA1-associated breast cancer using a Brca1-mutant mouse model. Treatment of Brca1-mutant tumor-engrafted mice with X-rays reduced tumor progression by 27.9% compared with untreated controls. A correlation analysis of irradiation responses and biomarker profiles in tumors at baseline identified differences between responders and non-responders at the protein level (pERα, pCHK2, p53, and EpCAM) and at the SOX2 target expression level. We further demonstrated that combined treatment of Brca1-mutant mammary tumors with irradiation and AZD2281, which inhibits PARP, significantly reduced tumor progression and extended survival. Our findings enhance the understanding of DNA damage and biomarker responses in BRCA1-associated mammary tumors and provide preclinical evidence that radiotherapy with synthetic DNA damage is a potential strategy for the therapeutic management of BRCA1-associated breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Cho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Jong Kwang Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Baek
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Sun Eui Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Bum Kyu Choi
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea.,Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Lim
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
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Murakami N, Mori T, Machida R, Kodaira T, Ito Y, Shikama N, Konishi K, Matsumoto Y, Murakami Y, Nakamura N, Yamashita H, Yorozu A, Yoshimura M, Inoue K, Nozaki M, Ishikura S, Itami J, Nishimura Y, Kagami Y. Prognostic Value of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecules in T1-2N0M0 Glottic Cancer. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:1522-1527. [PMID: 33369763 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is an ancillary study of a multi-institutional randomized non-inferiority phase III trial of accelerated fractionation (AF) versus standard fractionation (SF) radiation therapy for T1-2N0M0 glottic cancer (JCOG0701). Biopsy specimens of tumors from the patients enrolled in the JCOG0701 are collected and the association between clinical outcomes and histopathologic features such as expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), p53, and p16 were investigated. METHODS Five slices of undyed slides from biopsy specimens were sent to the National Cancer Center Hospital and all the specimens were assessed for the expression of EpCAM, p53, and p16. The primary objective was to investigate the association between 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and expression of EpCAM, p53, and p16. RESULTS A total of 88 out of 370 patients were enrolled in this ancillary study. The 3-year PFS for tumors with strong expression of EpCAM was 70.6% (95% CI 43.1%-86.6%), while that of tumors without strong expression of EpCAM was 77.5% (95% CI 65.9%-85.5%) with no remarkable difference between groups (P = .67). Likewise, there was no significant difference in 3-year PFS between tumors regardless of p53 or p16 status. However, in a subgroup analysis for 17 patients with a strong expression of EpCAM, AF showed better 3-year PFS than SF (100% vs 54.5%, P = .07). CONCLUSIONS From the current study, it could not be concluded that EpCAM, p16, and p53 were prognostic factors for early-stage glottic cancer after primary radiation therapy. AF might be an appropriate fractionation for tumors with a strong expression of EpCAM. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 131:1522-1527, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Murakami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Machida
- Japan Clinical Oncology Group Data Center/Operations Office, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kodaira
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Shikama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Konishi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Matsumoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuji Murakami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Atsunori Yorozu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Yoshimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Division of Radiation Therapy, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Miwako Nozaki
- Department of Radiology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishikura
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Itami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kagami
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Vicente‐Ruiz S, Serrano‐Martí A, Armiñán A, Vicent MJ. Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vicente‐Ruiz
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Antoni Serrano‐Martí
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Ana Armiñán
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
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Matrix Effect in the Isolation of Breast Cancer-Derived Nanovesicles by Immunomagnetic Separation and Electrochemical Immunosensing-A Comparative Study. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20040965. [PMID: 32054015 PMCID: PMC7071381 DOI: 10.3390/s20040965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles released into biological fluids, which are involved in cell-to-cell communication. The analysis of the content and the surface of the exosomes allow conclusions about the cells they are originating from and the underlying condition, pathology or disease. Therefore, the exosomes are currently considered good candidates as biomarkers to improve the current methods for clinical diagnosis, including cancer. However, due to their low concentration, conventional procedures for exosome detection including biosensing usually require relatively large sample volumes and involve preliminary purification and preconcentration steps by ultracentrifugation. In this paper, the immunomagnetic separation is presented as an alternative method for the specific isolation of exosomes in serum. To achieve that, a rational study of the surface proteins in exosomes, which can be recognized by magnetic particles, is presented. The characterization was performed in exosomes obtained from cell culture supernatants of MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 breast cancer cell lines, including TEM and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). For the specific characterization by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, different commercial antibodies against selected receptors were used, including the general tetraspanins CD9, CD63 and CD81, and cancer-related receptors (CD24, CD44, CD54, CD326 and CD340). The effect of the serum matrix on the immunomagnetic separation was then carefully evaluated by spiking the exosomes in depleted human serum. Based on this study, the exosomes were preconcentrated by immunomagnetic separation on antiCD81-modified magnetic particles in order to achieve further magnetic actuation on the surface of the electrode for the electrochemical readout. The performance of this approach is discussed and compared with classical characterization methods.
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Mohtar MA, Syafruddin SE, Nasir SN, Yew LT. Revisiting the Roles of Pro-Metastatic EpCAM in Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020255. [PMID: 32046162 PMCID: PMC7072682 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a cell surface protein that was discovered as a tumour marker of epithelial origins nearly four decades ago. EpCAM is expressed at basal levels in the basolateral membrane of normal epithelial cells. However, EpCAM expression is upregulated in solid epithelial cancers and stem cells. EpCAM can also be found in disseminated tumour cells and circulating tumour cells. Various OMICs studies have demonstrated that EpCAM plays roles in several key biological processes such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, EpCAM can be detected in the bodily fluid of cancer patients suggesting that EpCAM is a pathophysiologically relevant anti-tumour target as well as being utilized as a diagnostic/prognostic agent for a variety of cancers. This review will focus on the structure-features of EpCAM protein and discuss recent evidence on the pathological and physiological roles of EpCAM in modulating cell adhesion and signalling pathways in cancers as well as deliberating the clinical implication of EpCAM as a therapeutic target.
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Park S, Song CS, Lin CL, Jiang S, Osmulski PA, Wang CM, Marck BT, Matsumoto AM, Morrissey C, Gaczynska ME, Chen Y, Mostaghel EA, Chatterjee B. Inhibitory Interplay of SULT2B1b Sulfotransferase with AKR1C3 Aldo-keto Reductase in Prostate Cancer. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqz042. [PMID: 31894239 PMCID: PMC7341717 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SULT2B1b (SULT2B) is a prostate-expressed hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase, which may regulate intracrine androgen homeostasis by mediating 3β-sulfation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the precursor for 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) biosynthesis. The aldo-keto reductase (AKR)1C3 regulates androgen receptor (AR) activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by promoting tumor tissue androgen biosynthesis from adrenal DHEA and also by functioning as an AR-selective coactivator. Herein we report that SULT2B-depleted CRPC cells, arising from stable RNA interference or gene knockout (KO), are markedly upregulated for AKR1C3, activated for ERK1/2 survival signal, and induced for epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT)-like changes. EMT was evident from increased mesenchymal proteins and elevated EMT-inducing transcription factors SNAI1 and TWIST1 in immunoblot and single-cell mass cytometry analyses. SULT2B KO cells showed greater motility and invasion in vitro; growth escalation in xenograft study; and enhanced metastatic potential predicted on the basis of decreased cell stiffness and adhesion revealed from atomic force microscopy analysis. While AR and androgen levels were unchanged, AR activity was elevated, since PSA and FKBP5 mRNA induction by DHT-activated AR was several-fold higher in SULT2B-silenced cells. AKR1C3 silencing prevented ERK1/2 activation and SNAI1 induction in SULT2B-depleted cells. SULT2B was undetectable in nearly all CRPC metastases from 50 autopsy cases. Primary tumors showed variable and Gleason score (GS)-independent SULT2B levels. CRPC metastases lacking SULT2B expressed AKR1C3. Since AKR1C3 is frequently elevated in advanced prostate cancer, the inhibitory influence of SULT2B on AKR1C3 upregulation, ERK1/2 activation, EMT-like induction, and on cell motility and invasiveness may be clinically significant. Pathways regulating the inhibitory SULT2B-AKR1C3 axis may inform new avenue(s) for targeting SULT2B-deficient prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulgi Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, South Korea
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chung-Seog Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chun-Lin Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shoulei Jiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Pawel A Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chiou-Miin Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Brett T Marck
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Alvin M Matsumoto
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Maria E Gaczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Greehy Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Bandana Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
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CD44 variant 6 is associated with prostate cancer growth and chemo-/radiotherapy response in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2020; 388:111850. [PMID: 31954695 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that CD44 variant 6 (CD44v6) is associated with prostate cancer (CaP) growth and therapeutic resistance in vitro, however, the role of CD44v6 in CaP in vivo is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of CD44v6 on CaP growth and chemo-/radiotherapy response in NOD/SCID mouse models in vivo and to validate its role as a therapeutic target for CaP therapy. CD44v6 was knocked down in PC-3M CaP cell line using short hairpin RNA. Subcutaneous (s.c.) and orthotopic CaP mouse xenografts were established. The effect of CD44v6 knockdown (KD) on tumour growth was evaluated in both s.c. and orthotopic models. Chemo-/radiotherapy response was evaluated in the s.c. model. Association of CD44v6 with PI3K/Akt pathway was validated using immunohistochemistry staining. We found that KD of CD44v6 significantly reduced tumour growth in both models, and enhanced the sensitivity of tumours to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the s.c. model. In addition, we demonstrated that KD of CD44v6 is associated with downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our data confirm that CaP growth and chemo-/radiosensitivity in vivo is associated with CD44v6, which holds great promises as a therapeutic target in the treatment of CaP.
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Madera-Sandoval RL, Tóvári J, Lövey J, Ranđelović I, Jiménez-Orozco A, Hernández-Chávez VG, Reyes-Maldonado E, Vega-López A. Combination of pentoxifylline and α-galactosylceramide with radiotherapy promotes necro-apoptosis and leukocyte infiltration and reduces the mitosis rate in murine melanoma. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:680-689. [PMID: 31213291 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success for the treatment of melanoma such as targeted molecular therapy, the use of such treatments are expensive For this reason, this study was carried out to explore the anti-cancer properties of available drugs that are able to modify the melanoma prognosis. The study was conducted in two phases: Evaluation of pharmacological effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) administered above (60 mg/kg) which is the therapeutic dose that is aimed at reducing the side-effect of radiotherapy, and of α- galactosylceramide (GalCer) administered at 100 μg/kg, as well as their combination using a murine model (BDF1 mice) of melanoma cell line (B16-F1, ATCC). For the radiotherapy phase, 9 Gy was applied in the tumor area, before (3 days), during (30 min) and after (3 days) the PTX + GalCer treatment. In both study phases, the mitosis rate, leukocyte infiltration and necro-apoptosis were assessed using histological and immunohistochemical approach and tumor volume evaluation as biomarkers. All treatments showed good prognosis results estimated as reduction of mitosis rate (PTX + GalCer after radiotherapy and GalCer), increased leukocyte infiltrate (PTX + GalCer after radiotherapy and GalCer) and necro-apoptosis augmentation (PTX + GalCer after radiotherapy and radiotherapy control). Nevertheless, a lower development of tumor volume was found in GalCer treatment. In this way, it is possible to suggest that the integrated treatment with immuno-stimulators such as GalCer, plus drug used for peripheral vascular disease (PTX) after radiotherapy is probably an alternative for controlling aggressive melanoma in murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L Madera-Sandoval
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental. Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City, CP 07320, Mexico
| | - József Tóvári
- National Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Lövey
- National Institute of Oncology, Center of Radiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- National Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Orozco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Farmacología Celular y Molecular, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victor G Hernández-Chávez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hematopatología. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hematopatología. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental. Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City, CP 07320, Mexico.
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Kim MK, Shin SJ, Lee HM, Choi HS, Jeong J, Kim H, Paik SS, Kim M, Choi D, Ryu CJ. Mycoplasma infection promotes tumor progression via interaction of the mycoplasmal protein p37 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 454:44-52. [PMID: 30980864 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. To study how mycoplasma infection affects HCC progression, we investigated the characteristics of mycoplasma-infected tumor tissues and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in HCC patients. The mycoplasmal membrane protein p37 showed significant correlations with higher histologic stages and vascular invasion and predicted poor disease-free survival of HCC patients. p37-positive CTCs were detected in 42 out of 47 HCC patients (89%). p37-positive circulating cells were also detected in 4 out of 10 healthy donors (40%), and all were epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive. In HCC patients, most of p37-negative CTCs (95%) showed intermediate phenotype with neither EpCAM nor vimentin expression, but p37-positive CTCs were EpCAM-positive (44%), vimentin-positive (32%), and both negative (24%), suggesting that EpCAM-positive CTCs are enriched with mycoplasma infection. Mycoplasma infection promoted migratory capacity of HCC cells with increased expression of EpCAM. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that p37 associates with EpCAM. The results suggest that mycoplasma infection promotes tumor progression in HCC patients via interaction of the mycoplasmal p37 and EpCAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Min Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Seo Choi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, South Korea
| | - Hyunsung Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mimi Kim
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chun Jeih Ryu
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea.
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