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Malar DS, Thitilertdecha P, Ruckvongacheep KS, Brimson S, Tencomnao T, Brimson JM. Targeting Sigma Receptors for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:399-440. [PMID: 37166702 PMCID: PMC10173947 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-01007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor is a 223 amino acid-long protein with a recently identified structure. The sigma-2 receptor is a genetically unrelated protein with a similarly shaped binding pocket and acts to influence cellular activities similar to the sigma-1 receptor. Both proteins are highly expressed in neuronal tissues. As such, they have become targets for treating neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Rett syndrome (RS), developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE), and motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MND/ALS). In recent years, there have been many pre-clinical and clinical studies of sigma receptor (1 and 2) ligands for treating neurological disease. Drugs such as blarcamesine, dextromethorphan and pridopidine, which have sigma-1 receptor activity as part of their pharmacological profile, are effective in treating multiple aspects of several neurological diseases. Furthermore, several sigma-2 receptor ligands are under investigation, including CT1812, rivastigmine and SAS0132. This review aims to provide a current and up-to-date analysis of the current clinical and pre-clinical data of drugs with sigma receptor activities for treating neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicson S Malar
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Premrutai Thitilertdecha
- Siriraj Research Group in Immunobiology and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokphorn S Ruckvongacheep
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirikalaya Brimson
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - James M Brimson
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Research, Innovation and International Affairs, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Room 409, ChulaPat-1 Building, 154 Rama 1 Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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2
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Abatematteo FS, Majellaro M, Montsch B, Prieto-Díaz R, Niso M, Contino M, Stefanachi A, Riganti C, Mangiatordi GF, Delre P, Heffeter P, Sotelo E, Abate C. Development of Fluorescent 4-[4-(3 H-Spiro[isobenzofuran-1,4'-piperidin]-1'-yl)butyl]indolyl Derivatives as High-Affinity Probes to Enable the Study of σ Receptors via Fluorescence-Based Techniques. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3798-3817. [PMID: 36919956 PMCID: PMC10041534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptor subtypes, σ1 and σ2, are targets of wide pharmaceutical interest. The σ2 receptor holds promise for the development of diagnostics and therapeutics against cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms activated by the σ2 receptor. To contribute to the exploitation of its therapeutic potential, we developed novel specific fluorescent ligands. Indole derivatives bearing the N-butyl-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,4'-piperidine] portion were functionalized with fluorescent tags. Nanomolar-affinity fluorescent σ ligands, spanning from green to red to near-infrared emission, were obtained. Compounds 19 (σ pan affinity) and 29 (σ2 selective), which displayed the best compromise between pharmacodynamic and photophysical properties, were investigated in flow cytometry, confocal, and live cell microscopy, demonstrating their specificity for the σ2 receptor. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first red-emitting fluorescent σ2 ligands, validated as powerful tools for the study of σ2 receptors via fluorescence-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Majellaro
- Centro Singular Investigación Quimica Biologica e Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bianca Montsch
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rubén Prieto-Díaz
- Centro Singular Investigación Quimica Biologica e Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Via Orabona, 4, 79125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Via Orabona, 4, 79125 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Delre
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Centro Singular Investigación Quimica Biologica e Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Via Orabona, 4, 79125 Bari, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy
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3
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Pergolizzi J, Varrassi G, Coleman M, Breve F, Christo DK, Christo PJ, Moussa C. The Sigma Enigma: A Narrative Review of Sigma Receptors. Cureus 2023; 15:e35756. [PMID: 37020478 PMCID: PMC10069457 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors were first discovered in the 1960s and were thought to be a form of opioid receptors initially. Over time, more was gradually learned about these receptors, which are actually protein chaperones, and many of their unique or unusual properties can contribute to a range of important new therapeutic applications. These sigma receptors translocate in the body and regulate calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics and they also have neuroprotective effects. The ligands to which these sigma receptors respond are several and dissimilar, including neurosteroids, neuroleptics, and cocaine. There is controversy as to their endogenous ligands. Sigma receptors are also involved in the complex processes of cholesterol homeostasis and protein folding. While previous work on this topic has been limited, research has been conducted in multiple disease states, such as addiction, aging. Alzheimer's disease, cancer, psychiatric disorders, pain and neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease, and others. There is currently increasing interest in sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors as they provide potential therapeutic targets for many disease indications.
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4
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Roy J, Kyani A, Hanafi M, Xu Y, Takyi-Williams J, Sun D, Osman EEA, Neamati N. Design and Synthesis of Orally Active Quinolyl Pyrazinamides as Sigma 2 Receptor Ligands for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1990-2019. [PMID: 36692906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sigma 2 receptor (σ2R) is overexpressed in select cancers and is regarded as a biomarker for tumor proliferation. σ2R ligands are emerging as promising theranostics for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a series of novel quinolyl pyrazinamides as selective and potent σ2R ligands that show sub-micromolar potency in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Compounds 14 (JR1-157) and 17 (JR2-298) bind σ2R with Ki of 47 and 10 nM, respectively. Importantly, compound 14 has an oral bioavailability of 60% and shows significant in vivo efficacy without obvious toxicity in a syngeneic model of pancreatic cancer. The cytotoxicity of the quinolyl pyrazinamides significantly enhanced in the presence of copper and diminished in the presence of the copper-chelator tetrathiomolybdate. In conclusion, compound 14 is water-soluble, metabolically stable, orally active, and increases the expression of the autophagy marker LC3B and warrants further development for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyeeta Roy
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Armita Kyani
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Maha Hanafi
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Yibin Xu
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John Takyi-Williams
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Essam Eldin A Osman
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Development of a CRISPRi Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Model for Functional Study of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043417. [PMID: 36834828 PMCID: PMC9962760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding disease characterised by dysfunction of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) which culminates in disruption or loss of the neurosensory retina. Genome-wide association studies have identified >60 genetic risk factors for AMD; however, the expression profile and functional role of many of these genes remain elusive in human RPE. To facilitate functional studies of AMD-associated genes, we developed a human RPE model with integrated CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) for gene repression by generating a stable ARPE19 cell line expressing dCas9-KRAB. We performed transcriptomic analysis of the human retina to prioritise AMD-associated genes and selected TMEM97 as a candidate gene for knockdown study. Using specific sgRNAs, we showed that knockdown of TMEM97 in ARPE19 reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and exerted a protective effect against oxidative stress-induced cell death. This work provides the first functional study of TMEM97 in RPE and supports a potential role of TMEM97 in AMD pathobiology. Our study highlights the potential for using CRISPRi to study AMD genetics, and the CRISPRi RPE platform generated here provided a useful in vitro tool for functional studies of AMD-associated genes.
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6
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Jin J, Arbez N, Sahn JJ, Lu Y, Linkens KT, Hodges TR, Tang A, Wiseman R, Martin SF, Ross CA. Neuroprotective Effects of σ 2R/TMEM97 Receptor Modulators in the Neuronal Model of Huntington's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2852-2862. [PMID: 36108101 PMCID: PMC9547941 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene that encodes for an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat in exon-1 of the human mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein. The presence of this polyQ repeat results in neuronal degeneration, for which there is no cure or treatment that modifies disease progression. In previous studies, we have shown that small molecules that bind selectively to σ2R/TMEM97 can have significant neuroprotective effects in models of Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and several other neurodegenerative diseases. In the present work, we extend these investigations and show that certain σ2R/TMEM97-selective ligands decrease mHTT-induced neuronal toxicity. We first synthesized a set of compounds designed to bind to σ2R/TMEM97 and determined their binding profiles (Ki values) for σ2R/TMEM97 and other proteins in the central nervous system. Modulators with high affinity and selectivity for σ2R/TMEM97 were then tested in our HD cell model. Primary cortical neurons were cultured in vitro for 7 days and then co-transfected with either a normal HTT construct (Htt N-586-22Q/GFP) or the mHTT construct Htt-N586-82Q/GFP. Transfected neurons were treated with either σ2R/TMEM97 or σ1R modulators for 48 h. After treatment, neurons were fixed and stained with Hoechst, and condensed nuclei were quantified to assess cell death in the transfected neurons. Significantly, σ2R/TMEM97 modulators reduce the neuronal toxicity induced by mHTT, and their neuroprotective effects are not blocked by NE-100, a selective σ1R antagonist known to block neuroprotection by σ1R ligands. These results indicate for the first time that σ2R/TMEM97 modulators can protect neurons from mHTT-induced neuronal toxicity, suggesting that targeting σ2R/TMEM97 may lead to a novel therapeutic approach to treat patients with HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States
| | - Nicolas Arbez
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States
- Cellular Sciences Department, IdRS, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - James J. Sahn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Kathryn T. Linkens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Timothy R. Hodges
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Anthony Tang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States
| | - Robyn Wiseman
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States
| | - Stephen F. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Christopher A. Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States
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7
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Zeng Z, Liao S, Zhou H, Liu H, Lin J, Huang Y, Zhou C, Xu D. Novel Sigma-2 receptor ligand A011 overcomes MDR in adriamycin-resistant human breast cancer cells by modulating ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporter function. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952980. [PMID: 36120340 PMCID: PMC9473340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is thought to be one of the main reasons for the failure of chemotherapy in cancers. ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) or P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) play indispensable roles in cancer cell MDR. Sigma-2 (σ2) receptor is considered to be a cancer biomarker and a potential therapeutic target due to its high expression in various proliferative tumors. Recently, σ2 receptor ligands have been shown to have promising cytotoxic effects against cancer cells and to modulate the activity of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) in vitro experiments, but their specific effects and mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We found that A011, a σ2 receptor ligand with the structure of 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, showed promising cytotoxicity against breast cancer MCF-7 and adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7/ADR), induced apoptosis, and reversed adriamycin (ADR) and paclitaxel resistance in MCF-7/ADR cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that A011 increased the accumulation of rhodamine 123 and mitoxantrone in MCF-7/ADR cells. A011 significantly decreased the ATPase activity of the ABCB1 and down-regulated ABCG2 protein expression. In addition, A011, administered alone or in combination with ADR, significantly inhibited tumor growth in the MCF-7/ADR tumor-bearing nude mouse model. A011 may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of tumor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Shiyi Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiantao Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yunsheng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Chenhui Zhou, ; Daohua Xu,
| | - Daohua Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Chenhui Zhou, ; Daohua Xu,
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8
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Li Y, Xie X, Liao S, Zeng Z, Li S, Xie B, Huang Q, Zhou H, Zhou C, Lin J, Huang Y, Xu D. A011, a novel small-molecule ligand of σ 2 receptor, potently suppresses breast cancer progression via endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113232. [PMID: 35679718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer to become the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Sigma-2 (σ2) receptor is considered to be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer because of its high expression in breast cancer cells and low expression in normal breast cells. Many σ2 ligands have been reported to have excellent anticancer activity, but their mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. We discovered that A011 had high affinity and selectivity for σ2 receptor, reduced proliferation in five cancer cell lines, and significantly inhibited the monoclonal formation ability of MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, A011 rapidly increased the levels of intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species and induced autophagy. Molecular pharmacology studies revealed that A011 induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, activated the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP pathway and inhibited the activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, leading to cell apoptosis. In an in vivo tumor model, A011 showed obvious anti-tumor activity and no significant toxicity. More importantly, our study demonstrated for the first time that endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism of anti-cancer effects for σ2 ligands, at least for A011. A011 may potentially be useful as a therapeutic agent for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shiyi Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhanwei Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Siyan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510016, China
| | - Baocheng Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan 523018 China
| | - Qunfa Huang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiantao Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yunsheng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Daohua Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacutical Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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9
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Mao D, Zhang X, Wang Z, Xu G, Zhang Y. TMEM97 is transcriptionally activated by YY1 and promotes colorectal cancer progression via the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1535-1546. [PMID: 35907137 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97) is a conserved integral membrane protein highly expressed in various human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), and it exhibits pro-tumor roles in breast cancer, gastric cancer, and glioma. However, whether TMEM97 participates in CRC progression is not fully understood. The expression of mRNA and protein was evaluated by real-time qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescent, and immunohistochemical staining. TMEM97 functions in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. The roles of TMEM97 in CRC cells in vivo was investigated using a subcutaneous xenograft model. The transcriptional regulation of TMEM97 was explored by luciferase reporter and ChIP assays. The silencing of TMEM97 inhibited migration and invasion of CRC cells in vitro and led to suppressed growth and enhanced apoptosis in CRC cells and xenografts, whereas overexpression of TMEM97 displayed opposite effects. Mechanistically, TMEM97 knockdown caused a reduction of the proliferating marker PCNA and an increase of pro-apoptotic proteins (cleaved caspase 8/3/7 and cleaved PARP) in CRC cells. TMEM97 also positively regulated the β-catenin signaling pathway in CRC cells and xenografts by modulating the phosphorylated-GSK-3β and active (non-phospho) β-catenin levels. Interestingly, YY1, a well-recognized oncogenic transcription factor, was identified to bind to the TMEM97 promoter and enhance its transcriptional activity, and silencing of TMEM97 abolished YY1-mediated pro-tumor effects on CRC cells. Our results suggest that TMEM97 is transcriptionally activated by YY1 and promotes CRC progression via the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, providing that TMEM97 might be a novel therapeutic target for preventing CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Mao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhaoping Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guannan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China.
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10
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Zhang P, Tian Q, Gao H, Zhao A, Shao Y, Yang J. Inhibition of MAC30 exerts antitumor effects in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via affecting the Akt/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23061. [PMID: 35373413 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Andi Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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11
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Chen Q, Fang J, Shen H, Chen L, Shi M, Huang X, Miao Z, Gong Y. Roles, molecular mechanisms, and signaling pathways of TMEMs in neurological diseases. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13273-13297. [PMID: 35035675 PMCID: PMC8748174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein family members (TMEMs) span the entire lipid bilayer and act as channels that allow the transport of specific substances through biofilms. The functions of most TMEMs are unexplored. Numerous studies have shown that TMEMs are involved in the pathophysiological processes of various nervous system diseases, but the specific mechanisms of TMEMs in the pathogenesis of diseases remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the expression, physiological functions, and molecular mechanisms of TMEMs in brain tumors, psychiatric disorders, abnormal motor activity, cobblestone lissencephaly, neuropathic pain, traumatic brain injury, and other disorders of the nervous system. Additionally, we propose that TMEMs may be used as prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in patients with various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junlin Fang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Banan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing 401320, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengying Shi
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianbao Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yating Gong
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Zhan B, Zhang Z, Piao C, Dong X, Du Y, Kong C, Jiang Y. The Sigma-2 Receptor/TMEM97 Agonist PB28 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Regulating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signalling Pathway in Renal Cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:11244-11256. [PMID: 34783163 PMCID: PMC8650047 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma‐2 receptor/TMEM97 is overexpressed in many tumours, and sigma‐2 receptor ligands are under investigation for cancer therapy. We intended to evaluate the effect of PB28 on renal cancer in proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Invasive renal cancer cell lines treated with PB28 (or sigma‐2 receptor antagonist 1) were subjected to cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays. The therapeutic effect of PB28 was performed on nude mice. Western blot for proteins in the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR signalling pathway was conducted. A CCK‐8 assay was used to examine the effect of the combination of PB28 and cisplatin on renal cancer cells. Significant inhibitory effects were observed on proliferation, migration and invasion of 786‐O and ACHN cells after culturing with PB28. But, the outcomes of sigma‐2 receptor antagonist 1 presented the opposite tendency. PB28 significantly inhibited the proliferative and invasive ability of OS‐RC‐2 cells in vivo. Treatment resulted in decreased phosphorylation of constituents of the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway. The combination of PB28 and cisplatin showed enhanced efficacy in the inhibition of renal cancer cell proliferation. Taken together, PB28 inhibited the tumorigenic behaviours of renal cancer cells by regulating the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR signalling pathway and was expected to be a sensitizer of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhan
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chiyuan Piao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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13
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Son KN, Lee H, Shah D, Kalmodia S, Miller RC, Ali M, Balasubramaniam A, Cologna SM, Kong H, Shukla D, Aakalu VK. Histatin-1 is an endogenous ligand of the sigma-2 receptor. FEBS J 2021; 288:6815-6827. [PMID: 34233061 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Sigma-2 receptor (S2R) (a.k.a TMEM97) is an important endoplasmic reticular protein involved in cancer, cholesterol processing, cell migration, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Niemann-Pick Type C. While several S2R pharmacologic agents have been discovered, its recent (2017) cloning has limited biological investigation, and no endogenous ligands of the S2R are known. Histatins are a family of endogenous antimicrobial peptides that have numerous important effects in multiple biological systems, including antifungal, antibacterial, cancer pathogenesis, immunomodulation, and wound healing. Histatin-1 (Hst1) has important roles in epithelial wound healing and cell migration, and is the primary wound healing agent in saliva. Little is understood about the downstream machinery that underpins the effects of histatins, and no mammalian receptor is known to date. In this study, we show, using biophysical methods and functional assays, that Hst1 is an endogenous ligand for S2R and that S2R is a mammalian receptor for Hst1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-No Son
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biophysics Core at Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dhara Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sushma Kalmodia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Cree Miller
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Marwan Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar Aakalu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Abatematteo FS, Niso M, Contino M, Leopoldo M, Abate C. Multi-Target Directed Ligands (MTDLs) Binding the σ 1 Receptor as Promising Therapeutics: State of the Art and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6359. [PMID: 34198620 PMCID: PMC8232171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 (σ1) receptor is a 'pluripotent chaperone' protein mainly expressed at the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum membrane interfaces where it interacts with several client proteins. This feature renders the σ1 receptor an ideal target for the development of multifunctional ligands, whose benefits are now recognized because several pathologies are multifactorial. Indeed, the current therapeutic regimens are based on the administration of different classes of drugs in order to counteract the diverse unbalanced physiological pathways associated with the pathology. Thus, the multi-targeted directed ligand (MTDL) approach, with one molecule that exerts poly-pharmacological actions, may be a winning strategy that overcomes the pharmacokinetic issues linked to the administration of diverse drugs. This review aims to point out the progress in the development of MTDLs directed toward σ1 receptors for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) and cancer diseases, with a focus on the perspectives that are proper for this strategy. The evidence that some drugs in clinical use unintentionally bind the σ1 protein (as off-target) provides a proof of concept of the potential of this strategy, and it strongly supports the promise that the σ1 receptor holds as a target to be hit in the context of MTDLs for the therapy of multifactorial pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.A.); (M.N.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
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15
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Fallica AN, Pittalà V, Modica MN, Salerno L, Romeo G, Marrazzo A, Helal MA, Intagliata S. Recent Advances in the Development of Sigma Receptor Ligands as Cytotoxic Agents: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7926-7962. [PMID: 34076441 PMCID: PMC8279423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Since their discovery
as distinct receptor proteins, the specific
physiopathological role of sigma receptors (σRs) has been deeply
investigated. It has been reported that these proteins, classified
into two subtypes indicated as σ1 and σ2, might play a pivotal role in cancer growth, cell proliferation,
and tumor aggressiveness. As a result, the development of selective
σR ligands with potential antitumor properties attracted significant
attention as an emerging theme in cancer research. This perspective
deals with the recent advances of σR ligands as novel cytotoxic
agents, covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. An up-to-date
description of the medicinal chemistry of selective σ1R and σ2R ligands with antiproliferative and cytotoxic
activities has been provided, including major pharmacophore models
and comprehensive structure–activity relationships for each
main class of σR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino N Fallica
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria N Modica
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Mohamed A Helal
- University of Science and Technology, Biomedical Sciences Program, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, sixth of October, Giza 12578, Egypt.,Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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16
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Bergkemper M, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Synthesis of σ Receptor Ligands with a Spirocyclic System Connected with a Tetrahydroisoquinoline Moiety via Different Linkers. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1184-1197. [PMID: 33332704 PMCID: PMC8048568 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to develop new σ2 receptor ligands, spirocyclic piperidines or cyclohexanamines with 2-benzopyran and 2-benzofuran scaffolds were connected to the 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety by variable linkers. In addition to flexible alkyl chains, linkers containing an amide as functional group were synthesized. The 2-benzopyran and 2-benzofuran scaffold of the spirocyclic compounds were synthesized from 2-bromobenzaldehyde. The amide linkers were constructed by acylation of amines with chloroacetyl chloride and subsequent nucleophilic substitution, the alkyl linkers were obtained by LiAlH4 reduction of the corresponding amides. For the development of σ2 receptor ligands, the spirocyclic 2-benzopyran scaffold is more favorable than the ring-contracted 2-benzofuran system. Compounds bearing an alkyl chain as linker generally show higher σ affinity than acyl linkers containing an amide as functional group. A higher σ1 affinity for the cis-configured cyclohexanamines than for the trans-configured derivatives was found. The highest σ2 affinity was observed for cis-configured spiro[[2]benzopyran-1,1'-cyclohexan]-4'-amine connected to the tetrahydroisoquinoline system by an ethylene spacer (cis-31, Ki (σ2 )=200 nM; the highest σ1 affinity was recorded for the corresponding 2-benzofuran derivative with a CH2 C=O linker (cis-29, Ki (σ1 )=129 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bergkemper
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstr. 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstr. 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstr. 4848149MünsterGermany
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17
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Abate C, Niso M, Abatematteo FS, Contino M, Colabufo NA, Berardi F. PB28, the Sigma-1 and Sigma-2 Receptors Modulator With Potent Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity: A Review About Its Pharmacological Properties and Structure Affinity Relationships. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:589810. [PMID: 33364961 PMCID: PMC7750835 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.589810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
These unprecedented times have forced the scientific community to gather to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts in diverse directions have been made. A multi-university team has focused on the identification of the host (human) proteins interacting with SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins, with the aim of hampering these interactions that may cause severe COVID-19 symptoms. Sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors surprisingly belong to the “druggable” host proteins found, with the pan-sigma receptor modulator PB28 displaying the most potent anti–SARS-CoV-2 activity in in vitro assays. Being 20-fold more active than hydroxychloroquine, without cardiac side effects, PB28 is a promising antiviral candidate worthy of further investigation. Our research group developed PB28 in 1996 and have thoroughly characterized its biological properties since then. Structure–affinity relationship (SAfiR) studies at the sigma receptor subtypes were also undertaken with PB28 as the lead compound. We herein report our knowledge of PB28 to share information that may help to gain insight into the antiviral action of this compound and sigma receptors, while providing structural hints that may speed up the translation into therapeutics of this class of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Bari, Italy
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18
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Sigma-2 Receptor-A Potential Target for Cancer/Alzheimer's Disease Treatment via Its Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225439. [PMID: 33233619 PMCID: PMC7699687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma receptors were classified into sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptor based on their different pharmacological profiles. In the past two decades, our understanding of the biological and pharmacological properties of the sigma-1 receptor is increasing; however, little is known about the sigma-2 receptor. Recently, the molecular identity of the sigma-2 receptor has been identified as TMEM97. Although more and more evidence has showed that sigma-2 ligands have the ability to treat cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the mechanisms connecting these two diseases are unknown. Data obtained over the past few years from human and animal models indicate that cholesterol homeostasis is altered in AD and cancer, underscoring the importance of cholesterol homeostasis in AD and cancer. In this review, based on accumulated evidence, we proposed that the beneficial roles of sigma-2 ligands in cancer and AD might be mediated by their regulation of cholesterol homeostasis.
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19
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Listro R, Stotani S, Rossino G, Rui M, Malacrida A, Cavaletti G, Cortesi M, Arienti C, Tesei A, Rossi D, Giacomo MD, Miloso M, Collina S. Exploring the RC-106 Chemical Space: Design and Synthesis of Novel ( E)-1-(3-Arylbut-2-en-1-yl)-4-(Substituted) Piperazine Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents. Front Chem 2020; 8:495. [PMID: 32695745 PMCID: PMC7338850 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that significant advances in treatment of common cancers have been achieved over the years, orphan tumors still represent an important unmet medical need. Due to their complex multifactorial origin and limited number of cases, such pathologies often have very limited treatment options and poor prognosis. In the search for new anticancer agents, our group recently identified RC-106, a Sigma receptor modulator endowed with proteasome inhibition activity. This compound showed antiproliferative activity toward different cancer cell lines, among them glioblastoma (GB) and multiple myeloma (MM), two currently unmet medical conditions. In this work, we directed our efforts toward the exploration of chemical space around RC-106 to identify new active compounds potentially useful in cancer treatment. Thanks to a combinatorial approach, we prepared 41 derivatives of the compound and evaluated their cytotoxic potential against MM and GB. Three novel potential anticancer agents have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Listro
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Stotani
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Medicinal Chemistry, Taros Chemicals GmbH and Co. KG, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Giacomo Rossino
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Rui
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessio Malacrida
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Michela Cortesi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRCCS), Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Arienti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRCCS), Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRCCS), Meldola, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Di Giacomo
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Miloso
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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20
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Lan X, Kedziorek DA, Chu C, Jablonska A, Li S, Kai M, Liang Y, Janowski M, Walczak P. Modeling human pediatric and adult gliomas in immunocompetent mice through costimulatory blockade. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1776577. [PMID: 32923139 PMCID: PMC7458632 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1776577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, human glioma tumors are mostly modeled in immunodeficient recipients; however, lack of interactions with adaptive immune system is a serious flaw, particularly in the era when immunotherapies dominate treatment strategies. Our group was the first to successfully establish the orthotopic transplantation of human glioblastoma (GBM) in immunocompetent mice by inducing immunological tolerance using a short-term, systemic costimulation blockade strategy (CTLA-4-Ig and MR1). In this study, we further validated the feasibility of this method by modeling pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and two types of adult GBM (GBM1, GBM551), in mice with intact immune systems and immunodeficient mice. We found that all three glioma models were successfully established, with distinct difference in tumor growth patterns and morphologies, after orthotopic xenotransplantation in tolerance-induced immunocompetent mice. Long-lasting tolerance that is maintained for up to nearly 200 d in GBM551 confirmed the robustness of this model. Moreover, we found that tumors in immunocompetent mice displayed features more similar to the clinical pathophysiology found in glioma patients, characterized by inflammatory infiltration and strong neovascularization, as compared with tumors in immunodeficient mice. In summary, we have validated the robustness of the costimulatory blockade strategy for tumor modeling and successfully established three human glioma models including the pediatric DIPG whose preclinical study is particularly thwarted by the lack of proper animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dorota A Kedziorek
- Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Jablonska
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Mihoko Kai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yajie Liang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Riganti C, Giampietro R, Kopecka J, Costamagna C, Abatematteo FS, Contino M, Abate C. MRP1-Collateral Sensitizers as a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Resistant Cancer Therapy: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study in Lung Resistant Tumor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093333. [PMID: 32397184 PMCID: PMC7247425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main obstacle to current chemotherapy and it is mainly due to the overexpression of some efflux transporters such as MRP1. One of the most studied strategies to overcome MDR has been the inhibition of MDR pumps through small molecules, but its translation into the clinic unfortunately failed. Recently, a phenomenon called collateral sensitivity (CS) emerged as a new strategy to hamper MDR acting as a synthetic lethality, where the genetic changes developed upon the acquisition of resistance towards a specific agent are followed by the development of hypersensitivity towards a second agent. Among our library of sigma ligands acting as MDR modulators, we identified three compounds, F397, F400, and F421, acting as CS-promoting agents. We deepened their CS mechanisms in the "pure" model of MRP1-expressing cells (MDCK-MRP1) and in MRP1-expressing/drug resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549/DX). The in vitro results demonstrated that (i) the three ligands are highly cytotoxic for MRP1-expressing cells; (ii) their effect is MRP1-mediated; (iii) they increase the cytotoxicity induced by cis-Pt, the therapeutic agent commonly used in the treatment of lung tumors; and (iv) their effect is ROS-mediated. Moreover, a preclinical in vivo study performed in lung tumor xenografts confirms the in vitro findings, making the three CS-promoting agents candidates for a novel therapeutic approach in lung resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.R.); (J.K.); (C.C.)
| | - Roberta Giampietro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.G.); (F.S.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.R.); (J.K.); (C.C.)
| | - Costanzo Costamagna
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.R.); (J.K.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesca Serena Abatematteo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.G.); (F.S.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.G.); (F.S.A.); (C.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmen Abate
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.G.); (F.S.A.); (C.A.)
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